Kuyerwa kweHuremu hwePulp muMaitiro Ekugadzira Mapepa
Kuchinja-chinja kwemaitiro kunobva pakusawiriranakuwanda kwepulpinoshanda semutero wepachivande papurofiti, ichizviratidza sechigadzirwa chisina kutsanangurwa, kuderera kwekushandiswa kwemuchina, uye mari yakawanda yekushandisa mukugadzira mapepa emazuva ano. Kushandiswa kwekushandisa mapepa nemazvo uye panguva chaiyo.mamita ehuwandu hwepulphaisi kungovandudza zvishandiso chete; inomiririra chinhu chikuru chehurongwa hwakasimba, hunotungamirirwa nedata.
Nei Kudzora Kuwanda Kwemapundu KuriZvakakosha muMaitiro Ekugadzira Mapepa
Yepamusorokuwanda kwepulpKudzora kunopfuura kungotarisa zviri nyore maitiro. Ichi chisarudzo chine chekuita nekushanda kwemari yekambani, kushanda zvakanaka kwayo, uye mhando yechigadzirwa. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinoongorora kuti kunyatsoita basa rekuwanda kwepulpkuyerwa kunokanganisa cheni yese yekugadzira mapepa.
Nheyo yeMaitiro: Kugadzira Mepu yeKuwanda kwePulp Kuburikidza neValue Chain
Maitiro ekugadzira mapepa inzira yekushandura zvinhu zvinoenderana zvakanyanya, imwe neimwe ichienderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro akadzorwa ekare. Kubva pakupatsanurwa kwekutanga kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa kusvika pakuumbwa kwepepa rekupedzisira,kuwanda kwepulpchinhu chakakosha pakudzora. Maitiro acho anotanga nekupwanya, uko zvinhu zvakaita sehuni kana mapepa akadzokororwa zvinopatsanurwa kuita slurry mu pulper. Pano, kuenderana kwakaringana ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakushanda kwese kwemumvura, sezvo kusiyana kwehuwandu hwefiber-to-water kunogona kukanganisa matanho anotevera.
Mushure mekupurwa kwekutanga, pulp slurry inonatswa uye inogadzirwa. Kunatswa inzira yakakosha yemakanika inoshandura pulp fibers kuti igadzire hunhu hwayo hwekugadzira mapepa, zvichikanganisa hunhu hwakaita sehuremu, maburi, uye simba. Kugadzikana kwepulp inopinda mumuchina wekuchenesa kwakakosha, sezvo huwandu hwakagadzikana hwefiber hunodiwa kuti fibers dzishande zvakaenzana. Pasina kudzora uku, maitiro ekuchenesa anogona kusagadzikana, zvichikonzera kukura kwefiber kusingaenderane uye, pakupedzisira, chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chisina kukwana. Pakupedzisira, muchikamu chemuchina wepepa chakanyorova, stock yakagadzirwa inoumbwa kuita sheet inoramba iripo. Kuchengetedza kuyerera kwakasimba uye kwakaringana kwefiber kubva pachipfuva chemuchina kuenda kubhokisi remusoro hazvigoneke kuti pave nekuumbwa kwakasimba kwepepa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti muchina unoshanda zvakanaka, kudzivirira kuputsika kwewebhu kunodhura.
Kugadzirisa Kushandiswa Kwezvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa uye Goho
Kudya pulp nguva dzose kwakakosha pakubika, kugadzira zvidimbu zvakanaka, uye kubvisa bleach, izvo zvinoita kuti fiber iwedzere simba uye goho rose riwedzere.1 Kana pulp yakaenzana, makemikari anogona kudzorwa nemazvo, kudzivirira kudiwa kwekupukuta zvakanyanya kuti pave nekusawirirana. Kupukuta zvakanyanya kunogona kuderedza kunaka kwefiber, zvichideredza hunhu hwefiber, zvichideredza hunhu hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Nekuona kuti maitiro acho agadzikana uye anofungidzirwa, magayo anogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakakwira uye chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chakafanana, chemhando yepamusoro.
Une mibvunzo nezve kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira？
Gwaro rehunyanzvi rekuyera huwandu hwemapundu emuindasitiri
Kusarudzwa kwezvinofanirakuwanda kwepulpTekinoroji yekuyera isarudzo yakakosha yeinjiniya inofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekuita uye zvinangwa zvehurongwa. Chikamu chino chinopa ongororo yekuenzanisa matekinoroji anotungamira, ichitungamira maitiro ekusarudza.
Nheyo dzeKuyera Density Yenguva Yechokwadi
Kare, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwaiitwa pasina internet uchishandisa nzira dzakadai se pycnometers, izvo zvaida kutora sampling nemaoko uye zvakaunza nguva yakawandisa yekunonoka. Nhasi, kuyerwa kwedata kwakasimba, kuri mu-line ndiko kwakajairika muindasitiri. Izvi zvinobvumira kuwanikwa kwedata nguva dzose, zvichigonesa mhinduro dzepakarepo uye zviito zvekudzora zvaisakwanisika kare.
Densitometer Dzinodedera: Kunyatsojeka Munyika Ine Resonant
Madhigirii ekudzora densitometer, anozivikanwawo semita dzekugadzirisa forogo density, inoshanda nepfungwa yefrequency ye resonant. Maforogo maviri esimbi anofara kuti adedere pane imwe frequency chaiyo. Kana anyikwa mumvura kana slurry, huwandu hwemedium hunokanganisa vibration yemaforogo, zvichikonzera shanduko mufrequency ye resonant. Sensor inoyera frequency iyi, iyo inozoshandurwa kuita density value.
Zvakanakira zvikuru zve tekinoroji iyi ndezvekuti yakanyatsogadzirwa, kuvimbika kwayo, uye kuiswa kwayo kwakananga mumapaipi, marobhoti epanze, kana matangi. Yakanyatsokodzera kuyerera kwepulp uye doro zvisina kugadzikana uko viscosity iri mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa hwechishandiso. Zvisinei, miganho yavo yekushanda inofanira kugadziriswa. Vibrating densitometers inonzwa kuyerera kwemvura uye kuchinja kwe viscosity uye inogona kukanganiswa nemhedzisiro yemiganhu yemadziro epaipi. Kuiswa kwayo kwakakosha uye kunosanganisira kusarudza nzvimbo ine laminar flow uye dhayamita yepombi inoderedza turbulence uye mhedzisiro yemiganhu.
Madhigirii eNyukireya: Simba Risingapindire reGamma Attenuation
Ma densitometer enyukireya anoshandisa musimboti wekuderedzwa kwemwaranzi ye gamma. Sosi ye gamma inoiswa kune rumwe rutivi rwepombi, uye detector inoiswa kune rumwe rutivi. Sezvo gamma radiation inopfuura nemumvura inoyerera, inodzikira. Kuwanda kwepakati kunoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwemwaranzi inosvika pa detector: kana huwandu hwayo hwakakwira, mwaranzi shoma inopfuura nepakati.
Chinhu chikuru chehunyanzvi uhwu ndechekuti hahupindi muropa, sezvo husingade kusangana zvakananga nemvura inobuda muchinhu ichi. Izvi zvinoita kuti isanyanya kukanganiswa nekupisa, kumanikidzwa, kusviba, uye mwero wekuyerera uye zvakanakira kuyera tsvina inosviba, ine density yakawanda, kana inoparadza senge lime mud neblack liquor. Pasinei nekushanda kwayo kwakasimba, nuclear densitometers inouya nematambudziko akasiyana. Inoda vashandi vane hunyanzvi uye matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemwaranzi ionizing. Kupfuura mari yekutanga, mutengo wese wekuva muridzi (TCO) chinhu chakakosha kufunga nezvacho. Sosi yemwaranzi inoora nekufamba kwenguva, ichida kutsiviwa kunodhura uye kunotora nguva. Kusarudzwa kwechinhu chinoona zvakanyanya kunogona kubatsira kuderedza izvi nekuwedzera hupenyu hwesosi, asi mutengo wenguva refu uye mutoro wekutonga zvinoramba zviri zvinhu zvakakosha mukuongorora kwehupenyu hwemasisitimu aya.
Ma Microwave Transmitters: Mhinduro yeMisanganiswa Yakaoma
Ma microwave consistency transmitters anoyera consistency yese ye pulp slurry, kusanganisira fibers, fines, uye fillers, nekuongorora kunyudzwa kwesimba re microwave. Iyi tekinoroji inonyanya kukosha mumashandisirwo anosanganisira mixed pulps kana ayo ane filler content yakakura, sezvo ichipa chiyero chakakwana che content yese yakasimba. Kugona kuyera consistency yese ibhenefiti rakasiyana pane matekinoroji anongonzwa chete kune fiber component ye slurry.
Hurongwa Hwekusarudza Tekinoroji Hwakarongeka
Kusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera yekushandisa chimwe chinhu kunoda nzira yakarongeka inoyera mashandiro, mutengo, uye zvinodiwa pakushanda. Matrix inotevera inopa hurongwa hwekuenzanisa hwezvikwata zveinjiniya.
Tafura 1: Comparative Matrix yePulp Density Measurement Technologies
| Tekinoroji | Nheyo | Mashandisirwo Akanakisisa | Zvakanakira Zvikuru | Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvakaipa | Nhoroondo yemutengo |
| Kudedera | Kuchinja kwema resonant frequency nekuwanda kwemvura | Zvinwiwa zvine doro zvishoma, uye doro | Kunyatsorongeka, kuyerwa kwenguva chaiyo, kwakasimba | Inononoka kuyerera, inonamira; kuiswa kwacho kunopindira | Pakati nepakati |
| Nyukireya | Kuderedzwa kwemwaranzi yeGamma zvichibva pakuwanda kwemasero | Madota anopinza, anokora, uye anonamira (semuenzaniso, dope re lime, doro dema) | Hazvipindi, hazvikanganisike nemamiriro ezvinhu (tembiricha, kudzvanya, viscosity) | Zvinonetsa zvekuchengetedza, mutoro wemitemo, TCO yakakwira nekuda kwekuora kwezvinobva | Yakakwirira |
| Microwave | Inoyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba kuburikidza nekunyudzwa mu microwave 19 | Mapundu akasanganiswa, mapundu ane zvinozadza 19 | Inoyera kuenderana kwese (fibers + fillers), hapana zvikamu zvinofamba | Inonzwa kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura, inoda kutariswa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemvura | Pakati nepakati |
| Coriolis | Kuyerera kwehuwandu uye huwandu hunobva mukuzunguzika kwemachubhu | Makemikoro ane mutengo wakakwirira (semuenzaniso, TiO₂), kushandiswa kwakakosha kwemuyero | Kuyera huremu hwakananga uye huwandu hwezvinhu, kunyatsojeka, kusina kukanganiswa netembiricha/kudzvanya | Mutengo wakakwira, unonzwa gasi rakapinda, unogona kukanganiswa nekutetemera kwekunze | Yepamusoro-soro |
Dzidza NezveMamwe Mamita Ehuremu
Mamwe Mamita Emaitiro Epamhepo
LonnmeterTekinoroji yeforogo inodedera
Lonnmetervkufemafbasadenharaunda mekudyarinopa muenzaniso unoratidza densitometer yeforogo inodedera uye mashandisirwo ayo munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri.
Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi hwepakati uye mashandiro
Iyodensity meeter yeforogo inodederai densitometer ine njere inoshandiswa ne microprocessor inopa chiyero chakarurama uye chenguva chaiyo. Zviyero zvayo zvekushanda zvakagadzirwa kuti zvisangane nezvinodiwa nemaitiro akawanda ekugadzira mapepa. Zvikamu zvechishandiso ichi zvakanyorova zvakagadzirwa nesimbi isingatsvedzeri 316, chinhu chinozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo ngura, ichivimbisa kugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzine makemikari akaomarara.
Tafura 2: Lonnmeterdensity meeter yeforogo inodederaMagadzirirwo ehunyanzvi
| Tsanangudzo | Kukosha | Chikamu |
| Kuyera Range | 0-2 | g/m³ |
| Kuyera Kwakarurama | 0.003 | g/m³ |
| Kugadziriswa kweKuyera | 0.001 | g/m³ |
| Kudzokorora | 0.001 | g/m³ |
| Chiratidzo Chekubuda | 4-20 | mA |
| Magetsi | 24 | VDC |
| Kushanda Kumanikidzwa | <1 | MPa |
| Kupisa Kwemaitiro | -10 kusvika 120 | °C |
| Nhamba yeViscosity | <2000 | CP |
Gwaro Rinoshanda rekuisa uye kubatanidza magetsi
Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwemagetsi nemuviridensity meeter yeforogo inodederaZvakakosha pakushanda kwayo uye kugara kwenguva refu. Densitometer inopa nzira dzinochinjika dzekuisa, kusanganisira kuisa main kana vertical pipeline, kuisa horizontal kana side mounting, uye kuisa tangi flange chaiyo yekuisa slurry ine sediment. Kune mapaipi ane dhayamita diki (DN32 kana pasi) uye mvura yakawanda inoyerera (inopfuura 0.5 m/s), kuisirwa kwakavakirwa paclamp kunokurudzirwa.
Kuisa magetsi kunoda kunyatsoongorora zvinhu zvakadzama. Chivharo chemudziyo chinofanira kunge chakaiswa pasi kuti chisakanganiswa nemagetsi. Zvakakoshawo kuisa mudziyo wacho kure nemamota ane simba guru nema inverter, uye kushandisa tambo dzemagetsi dzakadzivirirwa kudzivirira ruzha rwekunze rwemagetsi kuti rusavhiringidze chiratidzo. Chifukidziro chebhokisi remagetsi chinofanira kusungirirwa zvakasimba mushure mekubatanidza waya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti O-ring yakavharwa, kudzivirira hunyoro kuti husapinde uye kukanganisa circuitry yemukati.
Kuisa, Kugadzirisa, uye Kugadzirisa Kwenguva Refu
Kunyange zvazvo magwaro ehunyanzvi emutengesi achifanira kupa gwara rakazara pakuisa basa nekugadzirisa, bhuku rekushandisa rinopadensity meeter yeforogo inodederaZvinoonekwa kuti hazvina kukwana, hazvina mirairo yakadzama yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko kwenguva refu. Kushaikwa kweruzivo uku kunopa njodzi huru kumapoka einjiniya. Mhinduro yakasimba ye automation haingovimbi chete nemhando yehardware asiwo kudzika kwenzvimbo yekutsigira uye kujeka kwemagwaro ayo ekushanda. Sensor inodhura zvishoma isina bhuku rine ruzivo rwekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko mumunda inogona kutungamira kumitengo yakakwira yekushanda kwenguva refu, kusanganisira kuwedzera kwevashandi vekugadzirisa uye njodzi yakakwira yekuzorora nguva isina kurongwa.
Kana pasina mirairo chaiyo yemutengesi, nzira dzakanakisa dzekushandisa ma "densitometers" ekuzunguza forogo dzinofanira kuteverwa. Kutanga kuisirwa simba kunowanzo sanganisira kuyera mvura yakachena, uko mudziyo wacho unoyerwa zero uchiyera medium ine density inozivikanwa (semuenzaniso, mvura yakachena). Nekufamba kwenguva, kuyera nzvimbo ye "single-point" kana "multi-point" kunogona kudiwa kugadzirisa kana sensor drift kana shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushanda. Matambudziko akajairika ekushanda akadai sekusvibiswa kwe "sensor", kuvapo kwemabubble emhepo, kana kuzunguzika kwakanyanya kwekunze kunofanirwa kufungwa uye kugadziriswa.
Kubatanidza Sensor muUnified Automation Ecosystem
Kukosha kwechokwadi kwemita yekuyera kuwanda kwepulpinoonekwa kana data rayo rabatanidzwa zvakanaka muhurongwa hwekugadzira otomatiki hwechigayo.
Kubva kuMudziyo weMunda kuenda kuBhizinesi: Basa reDCS nePLC Systems
DCS (Distributed Control System) kana kuti PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) inoshanda senzira huru yetsinga dzemuchina. Mapuratifomu emazuva ano eDCS, akadai seValmet DNA naEmerson DeltaV, akashanduka kupfuura kudzora mashandiro ekutanga kuti ave mapuratifomu akabatanidzwa anotarisira mabasa ese emuchina, kusanganisira mhando, madhiraivha, uye kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Masisitimu aya akagadzirwa kuti abate zvidzoro zvakaoma zvekudzora maitiro anoenderera mberi, senge mutsetse wekugadzira mapepa, nekushandisa data re sensor kuderedza kusiyana kwemaitiro uye kugadzirisa kugadzirwa. Kune akawanda mafekitori, izvi zvinopa mukana wekuvandudza kubva kumafekitori eDCS kana PLC akare ayo akaoma kuchengetedza uye anobatanidzwa nematekinoroji matsva.
Nzira yeKutaurirana: Modbus vs. OPC UA
Kusarudzwa kweprotocol yekutaurirana kwakakosha pakushanda pamwe chete kwesystem uye kufambira mberi kwayo mune ramangwana. Mitemo miviri inonyanya kushandiswa mukuita otomatiki kwemaindasitiri ndeiyi: Modbus neOPC UA.
Modbus: Nyore uye Kuvimbika kweMagadzirirwo Echinyakare:
Modbus inzira inoremekedzwa uye yakagamuchirwa nevakawanda inozivikanwa nekureruka kwayo uye nyore kwayo kuita. Inoshanda pahurongwa hwemaster-slave, uko mudziyo wepakati unounganidza zvishandiso zvevaranda kuti zviwane data. Maitiro aya akareruka anoita kuti ive sarudzo yakavimbika yekutaurirana kuri nyore, kunongedzerana pakati pezvinhu muhurongwa hwechinyakare hwekudzora, kunyanya kune mashandisirwo madiki uko nyore uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinonetsa.
OPC UA: Nheyo yeKuchengetedzwa uye Kuwedzerwa kweDhijitari:
Kusiyana neizvi, OPC UA iprotocol yemazuva ano, isina puratifomu yakagadzirirwa kuchinjana data kwakachengeteka uye kunoshanda pamwe chete. Inoshanda pamuenzaniso wevatengi-seva, zvichibvumira nzira dzekutaurirana dzinochinjika zviri nyore. Zvakanakira zvayo zvikuru ndezvishandiso zvayo zvekuchengetedza zvakasimba, zvinosanganisira encryption uye authentication, uye kugona kwayo kubata mhando dzedata dzakaoma uye metadata. Izvi zvinoita kuti OPC UA ive protocol yakakodzera yenzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzemaindasitiri uko masisitimu kubva kuvatengesi vakasiyana anofanirwa kubatanidzwa zvakachengeteka uye zvakavimbika. Sarudzo pakati pezviviri izvi inyaya yakakosha pakati pekureruka nezvinangwa zvenguva refu zvehurongwa hwekushandura kwedhijitari.
Tafura 3: Kuenzanisa Modbus vs. OPC UA
| Chinhu | Modbus | OPC UA |
| Magadzirirwo ezvivako | Tenzi-Muranda | Mutengi-Sevha |
| Kubata Data | Mhando dzedata dziri nyore chete | Maumbirwo edata akaomarara, metadata |
| Kuchengetedzwa | Hazvina kuganhurirwa; hazvina kuchengetedzeka munharaunda | Kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba (kuvharidzira, kusimbiswa) |
| Kukwanisa kukura | Yakaganhurirwa nekuvaka | Inokura zvakanyanya uye inochinjika |
| Nyaya Inoshandiswa Zvakanakisisa | Masisitimu madiki, echinyakare uko nyore uye mutengo zviri zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha | Manetiweki emaindasitiri akachengeteka, anoshanda pamwe chete, uye akaomarara ane masisitimu akasiyana-siyana evatengesi |
The Next Frontier: Kudzora Kwepamusoro & Uchenjeri Hunotungamirirwa neData
Kudzoka kwechokwadi pakudyara mari mumita yekuyera kuwanda kwepulpinovhurwa nekushandisa data rayo kupfuura kudzora mhinduro dzepakutanga uye kushandisa ruzivo rwayo pakuita sarudzo zvine hungwaru.
Kupfuura Feedback Loops: Nhanganyaya yeAdvanced Process Control (APC)
Advanced Process Control (APC) inomiririra kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekudzora hweDCS/PLC. Pane kungopindura kutsauka kubva pane zvakatarwa, APC inoshandisa maalgorithms ekufanotaura, akavakirwa pamuenzaniso kuti ivandudze maitiro acho zvichibva pane zvinotungamira bhizinesi zvakaita semutengo, throughput, uye mhando. Nekubatanidzakuwanda kwepulpdata, sisitimu yeAPC inogona kugadzirisa zvinoshanduka zvakaita semuyero wemakemikari kana mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, nokudaro ichibvisa zvipingamupinyi uye kuwedzera simba nekushanda zvakanaka kwemakemikari.
Kufungidzira Kuongororwa uye Nyevero Yekukanganisa Yekutanga
Data re sensor rakagadzirwa nemazvo, kana rakatorwa nenyanzvi yezvemiti, rinogona kushandiswa pakuongorora mafambiro ekufanotaura nekudzivirira kutadza kwemidziyo. Nekuongorora mafambiro ekuzunguzika, tembiricha, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinochinja maitiro, chigayo chinogona kuchinja kubva pakugadzirisa zvinhu kuenda pakugadzirisa zvinhu, zvichidzivirira nguva inodhura isina kurongwa. Maitiro aya akakosha zvikuru muindasitiri umo kudzimwa kwezvinhu zvisina kurongwa kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari.
Mazano Anogona Kuitwa
Pfupiso yeMaitiro
Kuyera nekudzora kwakarurama kwekuwanda kwepulpHazvisi matambudziko ehunyanzvi ari ega; asi zvakakosha pakuita mabasa emazuva ano ekugadzira mapepa. Mari shoma, yakanangwa, inotarirwa mubhizinesi remhando yepamusoromita yekuyera kuwanda kwepulpinogona kushanda senzira yekusimudzira shanduko yedhijitari, ichipa purofiti yakakura muchimiro chekuderera kwekushanduka kwemaitiro, mitengo yakaderera yekushanda, uye mhando yepamusoro yechigadzirwa. Kuchinja kubva pamaitiro emaoko, ekuita reactive kuenda kukutonga kwe otomatiki, kunotungamirwa nedata kwakakosha kuti urambe uchikwikwidzana uye uchiwana purofiti mumusika wepasi rose unonetsa.
Kusarudza chishandiso chakasimba uye chinotsigirwa zvakanaka chine nzira yakajeka yekubatanidza chinhu chakakosha kupfuura imwe nzira inodhura zvishoma inogona kuunza njodzi dzakavanzika dzekushanda uye mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa kwenguva refu. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuvaka sisitimu isiri chishandiso chekuyera chete asi chikamu chikuru cherwendo rwechigayo kuenda kune ramangwana rinoshanda, rakavimbika, uye rakangwara.Contact yeduchiRunguineers to yeODM meters.
