I. Kukosha kwekuyera kusimba kwerabha mukugadzira kweSBR
Kubudirira kwekugadzirwa kweStyrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) kunoenderana nekudzora kwakarurama uye kutarisa hunhu hwayo hwerheological. Viscosity, iyo inoyera kuramba kwechinhu kuyerera, inomira sechikamu chimwe chete chakakosha chefizikisikemikari chinotungamira kugona kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari erabha ari pakati uye indekisi yekupedzisira yemhando yezvinhu zvakapedzwa.
Murabha yekugadziramaitiro ekugadzira, viscosity inopa proxy yakananga uye inoyerwa yehunhu hwemaumbirwo epolymer, kunyanya huremu hwayo hwemamorekuru (MW) uye kugoverwa kwehuremu hwemamorekuru (MWD). Hazvienderane.kuyerwa kwe viscosity yerabhazvinokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro echinhu uye mashandiro echigadzirwa chapera. Semuenzaniso, mishonga inoratidza viscosity yakawandisa inoderedza zvakanyanya mashandiro emumvura akadai sekubvisa kana kucheneswa, zvichikonzera kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda, kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kwekushanda, uye kutadza kwemidziyo. Kusiyana neizvi, mishonga ine viscosity yakaderera inogona kushaya simba rekunyunguduka rinodiwa kuti irambe yakasimba panguva yekuumbwa kana kuti chikamu chekupedzisira chekupora.
Rabha reStyrene-Butadiene (SBR)
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Kupfuura kungobata nekushandisa michina chete, kudzora viscosity kwakakosha kuti pave nekupararira kwakafanana kwezvinhu zvinosimbisa zvakakosha, zvakaita secarbon black nesilika. Kubatana kwekupararira uku kunotungamira hunhu hwemuchina wekupedzisira, kusanganisira zviyero zvakakosha zvakaita sesimba rekudhonza, kuramba kwekukwesha, uye maitiro akaomarara esimba anoratidzwa mushure mekushandiswa.nzira yekubvisa rabha kubva muguruva.
II. Nheyo dzeStyrene Butadiene Rabber (SBR)
Chii chinonzi Styrene Butadiene Rubber?
Rubber yeStyrene Butadiene (SBR) irabha rekugadzira rinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwaro hwakanaka hwemutengo-ku-kushanda uye kuwanikwa kwaro kwakanyanya. SBR inogadzirwa se copolymer inobva zvakanyanya kubva ku1,3-butadiene (inenge 75%) uye styrene monomers (inenge 25%). Ma monomers aya anosanganiswa kuburikidza nemakemikari anonzi copolymerization, achigadzira cheni refu, dzakawanda dzepolymer. SBR yakagadzirirwa mashandisirwo anoda kugara kwenguva refu uye kuramba kukwesha, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakodzera yematayi anokwesha.
Maitiro Ekugadzira Rabha Yekugadzirwa
Kugadzirwa kweSBR kunoitwa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri dzepolymerization, izvo zvinoguma nezvinhu zvine hunhu hwakasiyana uye zvinoda kudzora viscosity chaiyo panguva yechikamu chemvura.
Emulsion Polymerization (E-SBR):Munzira iyi yekare, mamonomer anoparadzirwa kana kusanganiswa mumvura uchishandisa sipo yakaita sesurfactant. Kuita uku kunotanga ne free radical initiators uye kunoda stabilizers kudzivirira kuora kwechigadzirwa. E-SBR inogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa tembiricha inopisa kana inotonhora; E-SBR inotonhora, kunyanya, inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kukuru kwe abrasion, simba rekudhonza, uye kusagadzikana kwakaderera.
Kugadziriswa kweMhinduro (S-SBR):Nzira iyi yepamusoro inosanganisira anionic polymerization, inowanzo shandiswa alkyl lithium initiator (yakadai sebutyllithium) mukati me hydrocarbon solvent, inowanzova hexane kana cyclohexane. Magiredhi eS-SBR anowanzo kuve nehuremu hwakakwira uye kupararira kwakamanikana, zvichikonzera hunyanzvi hwakanyanya hwakadai sekuchinjika kuri nani, simba rakawanda rekudhonza, uye kudzikira kwakanyanya kwekudzivirira kutenderera mumatayi, zvichiita kuti S-SBR ive chigadzirwa chepamusoro uye chinodhura.
Chinokosha ndechekuti, mumaitiro ese ari maviri, maitiro epolymerization anofanira kupedzwa nemazvo nekupinza chain terminator kana short-stop agent mureactor effluent. Izvi zvinodzora urefu hwekupedzisira hwechain, danho rinosimbisa zvakananga huremu hwekutanga hwemamorekuru uye, nekudaro, hwaro.kusimba kwerabhausati wasanganisa.
Hunhu hweStyrene Butadiene Rubber
SBR inokosheswa nekuda kwehunhu hwakasimba hwemuviri uye hwemakanika:
Kushanda Kwemakanika:Simba guru rinosanganisira simba guru rekusimba, iro rinowanzova pakati pe500 ne3,000 PSI, pamwe chete nekudzivirira kukuru kwekukwesha. SBR inoratidzawo kudzivirira kwakanaka kwekumanikidzwa uye kudzivirira kukuru kwekukwesha. Uyezve, chinhu chacho hachigoni kutsemuka, chinova chinhu chakakosha chinobvumira kuiswa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinosimbisa, zvakaita se carbon black, kuti zviwedzere simba uye kudzivirira UV.
Mbiri yeKemikari uye yeThermal:Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzo dzivirira mvura, doro, ketones, uye mamwe ma organic acids, SBR ine hurema hwakakura. Haina simba rekudzivirira mafuta anobva mupetroleum, mafuta anonhuhwirira ehydrocarbon, ozone, uye halogenated solvents. Panyaya yekupisa, SBR inochengetedza kushanduka kwakasiyana-siyana, ichishandisa tembiricha inosvika 225°F uye kushanduka kwekupisa kwakaderera kunosvika -60℉.
Viscosity seChiratidzo Chikuru cheMolecular Weight uye Chain Structure
Hunhu hwe rheological hwe polymer isina kugadzirwa hunoenderana nechimiro chemamorekuru—hurefu uye mwero wemapazi emaketani epolymer—zvakagadzirwa panguva ye polymerization stage. Huremu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru hunowanzo reva kuti pane viscosity yakakwira uye mwero wemvura inonyunguduka yakaderera (MFR/MVR). Saka, kuyera viscosity yakavanzika (IV) pakarepo pakubuda kwe reactor kwakaenzana nekutarisa nguva dzose kuumbwa kwechimiro chemamorekuru chaunoda.
III. Nheyo dzeRheological Dzinodzora Kugadziriswa kweSBR
Nheyo dzepfungwa, kutsamira padanho rekuchekwa kwebvudzi, kunzwisiswa kwekupisa/kumanikidzwa.
Rheology, chidzidzo chekuti zvinhu zvinoshanduka uye zvinoyerera sei, chinopa hurongwa hwesainzi hwekunzwisisa maitiro eSBR mumamiriro ekugadzirisa maindasitiri. SBR inoratidzwa sechinhu chakaoma che viscoelastic, zvichireva kuti inoratidza hunhu hunobatanidza mhinduro dzakasimba (dzinogara dziripo, dzakaita semvura) uye dzakasimba (dzinogona kudzoreredzwa, dzakasimba-dzakaita sedeformation). Kutonga kwehunhu uhwu kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekumhanya uye nguva yemutoro wakaiswa.
Makomputa eSBR haasi manyoro eNewtonian zvachose. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anoonekakusimba kwerabhahaisi kukosha kunogara kuripo asi inoratidza kukosha kwakakoshakuvimba nechiyero chekuchekwa kwebvudzi; viscosity inoderera zvakanyanya sezvo shear rate ichiwedzera chiitiko chinozivikanwa se shear thinning. Maitiro aya asiri eNewtonian ane zvazvinoreva zvakanyanya pakudzora mhando. Viscosity values inowanikwa pa low shear rates, senge iyo inoyerwa muMooney viscometer tests yechinyakare, inogona kupa kuratidzwa kwakakwana kwemaitiro echinhu pasi pe high shear rates inowanikwa mukusanganisa, kukanya, kana extrusion operations. Kunze kwe shear, viscosity inonyanya kukanganiswa netembiricha; process heat inoderedza viscosity, iyo inobatsira kuyerera. Kunyange zvazvo pressure ichikanganisawo viscosity, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakagadzikana uye nhoroondo ye shear yakafanana kwakakosha, sezvo viscosity inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya ne shear, pressure, uye nguva yekugadzirisa.
Mhedzisiro yeMapurasitiki, Mafiller, uye Zvibatsiro zveKugadzirisa paSBR Viscosity
Iyokugadzirisa rabhaDanho iri, rinozivikanwa se compounding, rinosanganisira kubatanidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogadzirisa zvakanyanya rheology yeSBR polymer:
Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki:Mafuta ekugadzira akakosha pakuvandudza kuchinjika uye kugona kweSBR kushanda zvakanaka. Anoshanda nekuderedza kusimba kwecomposite yecompound, iyo inobatsira panguva imwe chete kupararira kwakafanana kwemafillers uye kunyorovesa polymer matrix.
Zvekuzadza:Zvinhu zvinosimbisa, kunyanya carbon black ne silica, zvinowedzera viscosity yezvinhu, zvichikonzera matambudziko akaomarara emuviri anokonzerwa nekubatana kwe filler-filler ne filler-polymer. Kuwana kupararira kwakakwana kunoenderana; zvinhu zvakaita se glycerol zvinogona kushandiswa kunyorovesa lignosulfonate fillers, kugadzirisa filler viscosity iri pedyo ne SBR matrix viscosity, nokudaro zvichideredza kuumbwa kwe agglomerate uye kuwedzera homogeneity.
Zvinobatsira Pakukuvadza:Makemikari aya, anosanganisira sarufa uye zvinomhanyisa, zvinoita kuti pave nekuchinja kukuru muuropi hwemusanganiswa usina kurapwa. Anokanganisa zvinhu zvakaita sekusachengetedzwa kwekupisa (kusagona kusanganiswa nekukurumidza). Zvimwe zvinowedzera, zvakaita sefumed silica, zvinogona kushandiswa zvine hungwaru sezvinhu zvinowedzera viscosity kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zveuropi, zvakaita sekugadzira mafirimu akakora pasina kuchinja huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba.
Kubatanidza Rheology neVulcanization yemaitiro erabha uye Final Cross-Link Density
Kugadziriswa kwetsinga dzeropa kunowanikwa panguva yekubatanidzwa uye kugadzirwa kwakabatana zvakananga nekushanda kwekupedzisira kwechigadzirwa chakaputirwa.
Kufanana uye Kupararira:Kusawirirana kwema "viscosity" panguva yekusanganisa - kazhinji kunoenderana ne "non-qualified energy input" - kunokonzera kusapararira zvakanaka uye kupararira kusina kufanana kwe "cross-linking package" (sulfur and accelerators).
Maitiro eVulcanization yerabha:Maitiro aya emakemikari asingadzoreki anosanganisira kupisa SBR compound, inowanzo shandiswa nesarufa, kugadzira cross-links dzinogara dziripo pakati pemacheni epolymer, zvichiwedzera simba rerabha, kusimba kwayo, uye kugara kwenguva refu. Maitiro aya anosanganisira matanho matatu: danho rekudzikisa (kupisa) apo kuumbwa kwekutanga kunoitika; danho rekubatanidza kana kupora (kukurumidza kuita pa250 ℉ kusvika 400 ℉; uye mamiriro akakodzera.
Kuwanda kweCross-Link:Hunhu hwepamusoro hwemakanika hunodzorwa nehuwandu hwe cross-link density hwakawanikwa.ckukosha kunokanganisa kufamba kwecheni yemamorekuru, zvichikwidza modulus yekuchengetera uye zvichikanganisa mhinduro ye viscoelastic yechinhu ichi (inozivikanwa sePayne effect). Saka, kudzora kwakarurama kwerheological muzvikamu zvisina kurapwa, zvekugadzirisa kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti mamorekuru akagadzirirwa nemazvo reaction inotevera yekuporesa.
IV. Matambudziko Aripo Mukuyera Kusviba
Miganhu Yekuyedza Kwechinyakare Kunze Kwepamhepo
Kuvimba kwakapararira nenzira dzechinyakare, dzisingaenderere mberi, uye dzinoda vashandi vakawanda kudzora mhando dzezvinhu kunoita kuti pave nezvinetso zvikuru pakugadzirwa kweSBR nguva dzose, zvichidzivirira kukurumidza kugadziriswa kwemaitiro.
Kufanotaura kweMooney Viscosity uye Lag:Chiratidzo chemhando yepamusoro, Mooney viscosity, chinowanzo ongororwa pasina kushandisa internet. Nekuda kwekuoma kwechinhu uye viscosity yakakura yeindasitiri.maitiro ekugadzira rabha, hazvigone kuyerwa zvakananga munguva chaiyo mukati memusanganiswa wemukati. Uyezve, kufanotaura zvakarurama kukosha uku uchishandisa mamodheru echinyakare ekuongorora kwakaoma, kunyanya kune makemikari anosanganisira mafiller. Nguva yakawandisa inobatanidzwa nekuongororwa kwerabhoritari inononoka zviito zvekugadzirisa, zvichiwedzera njodzi yemari yekugadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvisina kutsanangurwa.
Nhoroondo yeMichina Yakachinjwa:Capillary rheometry, kunyange zvazvo ichikwanisa kuratidza maitiro ekuyerera kwemvura, inoda kugadzirira kwakawanda kwemuenzaniso. Chinhu chacho chinofanira kugadzirwazve kuita zviyero zvakati sandara usati waedza, maitiro anochinja nhoroondo yemuchina wemuchina. Nekuda kweizvozvo, viscosity yakayerwa inogona kusaratidza mamiriro chaiwo emuchina panguva yekushanda.kugadzirisa rabha.
Data rePoint Imwe Risina Kukwana:Miedzo yeStandard melt flow rate (MFR) kana melt volume rate (MVR) inongoburitsa flow index imwe chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akatarwa. Izvi hazvina kukwana kune vasiri Newtonian SBR. Mabheti maviri akasiyana anogona kuratidza MVR values dzakafanana asi ane viscosities dzakasiyana zvikuru pahuwandu hwakanyanya hwekucheka hunoenderana neextrusion. Kusiyana uku kunogona kukonzera kukundikana kwekugadzirisa kusingatarisirwi.
Mutengo uye Mutoro weZvishandiso:Kuvimba neongororo yerabhoritari iri kunze kwenzvimbo kunounza mari yakawanda yekufambisa zvinhu uye kunonoka kwenguva. Kuramba uchitarisa kunopa mukana wehupfumi nekuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwemasampuli anoda kuongororwa kwekunze.
Dambudziko reKuyera Makomputa eSBR Ane Viscosity Yakanyanya uye Ane Maphase Akawanda
Kubata rabha nemaindasitiri kunosanganisira zvinhu zvine kusimba kwakanyanya uye maitiro akaomarara, zvichigadzira matambudziko akasiyana ekuyera zvakananga.
Kutsvedza uye Kutyoka:Zvinhu zverabha zvine simba guru, zvinopenya, zvinowanzosangana nematambudziko akadai sekutsvedza kwemadziro uye kutsemuka kwemuenzaniso kunokonzerwa nekupfava kana zvikaedzwa muzvishandiso zvechinyakare zve open-boundary rheometers. Midziyo yakakosha, yakaita se oscillating die rheometer ine dhizaini yakavharika, yakavharwa, inodiwa kuti ikunde mhedzisiro iyi, kunyanya muzvinhu zvakazara uko kusangana kwakaoma kwe polymer-filler kunoitika.
Kugadzirisa uye Kuchenesa:Masisitimu ekufambisa mvura akajairika online kana kuti capillary anowanzo vharika nekuda kwehunhu hwemapolymers nemafillers anonamira uye ane simba rakawanda. Izvi zvinoda nzira dzakaoma dzekuchenesa uye zvinotungamira kune nguva inodhura yekuzorora, dambudziko guru mumamiriro ekugadzira nguva dzose.
Kudiwa kwechishandiso chakasimba che viscosity che polymer solutions.
Muchikamu chekutanga chemhinduro kana slurry, mushure mekupomera, chiyero chakakosha i intrinsic viscosity (IV), iyo inoenderana zvakananga nehuremu hwemamorekuru uye mashandiro epolymer. Nzira dzechinyakare dzemurabhoritari (semuenzaniso, GPC kana girazi capillaries) dzinononoka zvakanyanya kuti dzisadzorwe nenguva chaiyo.
Nzvimbo yemaindasitiri inoda mashandiro anoshanda otomatiki uye akasimbachishandiso chekunakisa mukatiMhinduro dzemazuva ano, dzakadai seIVA Versa, dzinoita otomatiki maitiro ese achishandisa dual-capillary relative viscometer kuyera viscosity yemhinduro, kuderedza kusangana kwemushandisi nezvinonyungudutsa uye kuwana kunyatsojeka (RSD values pazasi pe1%). Pakushandiswa kwemukati muchikamu chekunyungudutsa, Side Stream Online-Rheometers (SSR) inogona kuona kukosha kweIV-Rheo zvichibva pakuyera viscosity inoenderera mberi pachiyero chekucheka chinogara chiripo. Kuyera uku kunosimbisa hukama hwe empirical hunobvumira kutarisa shanduko dzeMW murwizi rwekunyungudutsa.
V. Matanho Akakosha Ekutarisa Kusviba
Kukosha kwekuyera online pakuburitsa reactor polymerization, kusanganisa/kukanya, uye kugadzira pre-extrusion.
Kuedza kuyera viscosity online kwakakosha nekuti matanho matatu makuru ekuita - polymerization, compounding (mixing), uye final form (extrusion) - chimwe nechimwe chinoisa hunhu hwakasiyana, husingachinjiki hwe rheological. Kudzora panzvimbo idzi kunodzivirira zvikanganiso zvemhando kuti zvisapfuudzirwe pasi.
Kubuda kweReactor muPolymerization: Kutarisa kushandurwa, huremu hwemorekuru.
Chinangwa chikuru padanho rino ndechekudzora nemazvo mwero wekuita nekukurumidza uye kugoverwa kwekupedzisira kwehuremu hwemamorekuru (MW) kweSBR polymer.
Ruzivo rwehuremu hwemamorekuru hunochinja rwakakosha, sezvo rwuchisarudza hunhu hwekupedzisira hwemuviri; zvisinei, matekiniki echinyakare anowanzo pima MW chete kana reaction yapera. Kutarisa slurry kana solution viscosity panguva chaiyo (approximating intrinsic viscosity) kunotevera zvakananga kureba kwecheni uye kugadzirwa kwezvivakwa.
Nekushandisa mhinduro ye viscosity panguva chaiyo, vagadziri vanogona kushandisa simba uye kutonga kwakasimba. Izvi zvinobvumira kugadziriswa kwakarurama kwekufamba kwe molecular weight regulator kana short-stop agent.pamberiKushandurwa kwemonomer kunosvika pakakwirira. Kugona uku kunosimudzira kudzora maitiro kubva pakuongorora mhando ye reactive (izvo zvinosanganisira kubvisa kana kubatanidzazve mabheti asina kutsanangurwa) kusvika pakudzora kuenderera mberi, otomatiki kwehurongwa hwe polymer. Semuenzaniso, kutarisa kunoramba kuripo kunoita kuti viscosity ye polymer Mooney isvike pane zvakatarwa kana chiyero chekushandura chasvika 70%. Kushandiswa kwema probes e torsional resonator, akasimba, akagadzirirwa kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kunoenderana ne effluents dze reactor, kwakakosha pano.
Kusanganisa/Kukanya: Kugadzirisa kupararira kwekuwedzera, kudzora kuchekwa kwesimbi, kushandiswa kwesimba.
Chinangwa chedanho rekusanganisa, rinowanzoitwa mumusanganiswa wemukati, ndechekuwana kupararira kwakafanana kwepolymer, zvinosimbisa fillers, uye zvinhu zvinobatsira pakugadzirisa uku uchinyatso dzora nhoroondo yekupisa uye yekucheka kwemusanganiswa.
Hunhu hwe viscosity hunoshanda sechiratidzo chemhando yekusanganisa. Masimba ekukwesha anokonzerwa nema rotors anopwanya rabha uye anoita kuti ipararire. Nekutarisa shanduko ye viscosity (inowanzo fungidzirwa kubva pa torque yenguva chaiyo uye simba rinopinda), ndiyo chaiyopokugumiraNzira iyi yakanakisisa zvikuru pane kuvimba nenguva dzakatarwa dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva, idzo dzinogona kubva pamaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi mana uye dzinowanzo shanduka-shanduka kwemushandisi nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunze.
Kudzora kupenya kwemusanganiswa mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa kwakakosha pamhando yezvinhu. Kusadzora kwakakwana kunotungamira mukupararira kusina kunaka uye zvikanganiso muhunhu hwekupedzisira hwezvinhu. Kune rabha ine kupenya kwakanyanya, kumhanya kwakakwana kwekusanganisa kwakakosha kuti uwane kupararira kunodiwa. Zvichienderana nekuoma kwekuisa sensor chaiyo munzvimbo ine kupenya kwakanyanya yemusanganiswa wemukati, kutonga kwepamusoro kunoenderanamasensa akapfavaMamodheru aya anoshandiswa nedata anoshandisa ma process variables (kumhanya kwe rotor, tembiricha, power draw) kufanotaura mhando yekupedzisira ye batch, senge Mooney viscosity yayo, nokudaro ichipa fungidziro chaiyo ye quality index panguva chaiyo.
Kugona kuona magumo ekusanganisa akakodzera zvichibva pahuwandu hwe viscosity panguva chaiyo kunotungamira mukubudirira kukuru kwesimba uye kufambira mberi kwesimba. Kana boka rikawana kufambira mberi kwaro nekukurumidza kupfuura nguva yakatarwa yekutenderera, kuramba uchisanganisa kunopedza simba uye kune njodzi yekukuvadza cheni dzepolymer kuburikidza nekusanganisa zvakanyanya. Kugadzirisa maitiro acho zvichibva pahuwandu hwe viscosity kunogona kuderedza nguva yekutenderera ne15-28%, zvichishandura zvakananga mukushanda zvakanaka uye kuwedzera kwemari.
Kugadzirwa/Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Pamberi Pekunyunguduka: Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura inonyunguduka inoyerera zvakanaka, uye kuti zvinhu zvinogadzikana.
Danho iri rinosanganisira kuisa purasitiki muchidimbu cherabha chakasimba uye kuchimanikidza kuti chipfuure nepadhishi kuti chigadzire chimiro chinoenderera mberi, kazhinji zvichida kusvetwa kwakabatana.
Kudzora kupenya kwemvura pano kwakakosha nekuti kunodzora zvakananga simba rekunyunguduka kwepolymer uye kuyerera kwayo. Kuyerera kwekunyunguduka kwakaderera (kupenya kwakakwirira) kunowanzo shandiswa pakuburitsa mvura, sezvo kuchipa simba rekunyunguduka rakawanda, izvo zvakakosha pakugadzirisa kutonga kwechimiro (kugadzikana kwechimiro) cheprofile uye kuderedza kuzvimba kwemvura. Kuyerera kwekunyunguduka kusina kurongeka (MFR/MVR) kunotungamira kuzvikanganiso zvemhando yekugadzira: kuyerera kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kupenya, nepo kuyerera kushoma kunogona kutungamira mukuzadza zvikamu zvisina kukwana kana kufashaira.
Kuomarara kwekudzora viscosity mu extrusion, iyo inonyanya kukanganiswa nekunze uye maitiro asina kurongeka e rheological, kunoda masisitimu epamusoro ekudzora. Matekiniki akadai seActive Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) anoshandiswa kudzora kuchinja kwe viscosity, zvichiita kuti pave nekushanda kuri nani mukuchengetedza viscosity inoonekwa kana tichienzanisa nevatongi veProportional-Integral (PI) vemazuva ano.
Kuenderana kwehunhu hwemvura inonyunguduka pamusoro we die ndicho chinhu chekupedzisira chinoratidza kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye kugamuchirwa kwejometri. Kuburitsa kunowedzera mhedzisiro ye viscoelastic, uye kugadzikana kwedimensional kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekusiyana kwehunhu hwemvura inonyunguduka, kunyanya kana paine mwero wakakwira wekuchekwa. Kuyerwa kwehunhu hwemvura inonyunguduka paindaneti nguva pfupi die isati yasvika kunobvumira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza, otomatiki kwema process parameters (semuenzaniso, kumhanya kwe screw kana tembiricha) kuchengetedza hunhu hwakajeka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti geometric chaiyo uye kuderedza tsvina.
Tafura II inoratidza zvinodiwa zvekutarisa muchikamu chekugadzira cheSBR.
Tafura II. Zvinodiwa zveKutarisa Viscosity Muzvikamu Zvekugadzirisa SBR
| Danho reKuita | Chikamu cheViscosity | Paramita Yakanangwa | Tekinoroji yekuyera | Chiito Chekudzora Chabvumidzwa |
| Kubuda kweReactor | Mhinduro/Slurry | Kusviba Kwemukati(Huremu hweMamorekuru) | Rheometer yeSide Stream (SSR) kana Automated IV | Gadzirisa muchina we "short-stop agent" kana kuti "regulator flow rate". |
| Kusanganisa/Kukanya | Chikamu Chine Viscosity Yakakwirira | Mooney Viscosity (Kufanotaura Kwenguva Inoita Seyakajeka) | Sensor Yakapfava (Torque/Energy Input Modeling) | Gadzirisa nguva yekusanganisa uye kumhanya kwerotor zvichienderana nekupenya kwenzvimbo yekupedzisira. |
| Kugadzirwa/Kugadzirwa Pamberi Pekubuda | Polymer Melt | Kunyunguduka Kunooneka (MFR/MVR correlation) | Inline Torsional Resonator kana Capillary Viscometer | Gadzirisa kumhanya/tembiricha ye screw kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti divi rayo rakagadzikana uye kuti divi racho rakazvimba nguva dzose. |
Dzidza NezveMamwe Mamita Ehuremu
Mamwe Mamita Emaitiro Epamhepo
VI. Tekinoroji yekuyera kusviba kwepamhepo
Lonnmeter Liquid Viscosity Meter Inline
Kuti zvikurire zvipingamupinyi zvemuzvarirwo zvekuyedza murabhoritari,kugadzirisa rabhainoda zvishandiso zvakasimba uye zvinovimbika. Tekinoroji ye torsional resonator inomiririra kufambira mberi kukuru mukuona rheological nguva dzose, mukati memutsara, inokwanisa kushanda munzvimbo dzakaoma dzekugadzirwa kweSBR.
Midziyo yakaita seLonnmeter Liquid Viscosity Meter InlineShandisa torsional resonator (chinhu chinodedera) chakanyudzwa zvizere mumvura inoyerera. Mudziyo uyu unoyera viscosity nekuyera damping yemuchina inosangana neresonator nekuda kwemvura. Kuyerwa uku kwedamping kunozogadziriswa, kazhinji pamwe chete nekuverenga kwehuwandu, nemaalgorithms chaiwo kuti ape mhedzisiro chaiyo, inodzokororwa, uye yakagadzikana yeviscosity.
Iyi tekinoroji yakakodzera kushandiswa kweSBR nekuda kwekugona kwayo kushanda kwakasimba:
Kusimba uye Kusadzivirirwa:Masensa anowanzo kuve nesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi yese (semuenzaniso, 316L Stainless Steel) uye zvisimbiso zvesimbi kubva kusimbi kuenda kusimbi, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwema elastomers anogona kuzvimba kana kutadza kushanda kana paine tembiricha yakakwira uye makemikari.
Kuenderana kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye mvura:Masisitimu aya anogona kutarisakusimba kwerabhaMakemikoro akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakaderera zvakanyanya kusvika pakakwirira zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, 1 kusvika 1,000,000+ cP). Anoshanda zvakaenzana mukutarisa zvinwiwa zvisiri zveNewtonian, chimwe chete, uye zvakawanda, zvakakosha kune SBR slurries uye filled polymer melts.
Mamiriro Ekushanda Akanyanya:Zvishandiso izvi zvakanyoreswa kuti zvinoshanda pasinei nekumanikidzwa uye tembiricha dzakasiyana-siyana.
Mabhenefiti ezvinzwa zve viscosity zvinoonekwa panguva chaiyo, online, uye zvine mativi akawanda (kusimba, kubatanidzwa kwedata)
Kushandiswa kweruzivo rwe "inline sensing" panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti pave neruzivo rwezvinhu runogara ruchienderera mberi, zvichichinja kugadzirwa kubva pakuongorora mhando dzezvinhu kusvika pakugadzirisa maitiro ekuita zvinhu.
Kuramba Uchitarisa:Ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo runoderedza zvakanyanya kuvimba neongororo dzemurabhoritari dzinononoka uye dzinodhura. Runobvumira kuona nekukasika kutsauka kwemaitiro kana shanduko dzebatch muzvinhu zvinouya, izvo zvakakosha pakudzivirira matambudziko emhando yepamusoro.
Kugadziriswa Kwakaderera:Magadzirirwo e resonator akasimba uye akaenzana akagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwenguva refu pasina kugadziriswa kana kugadziriswa patsva, zvichideredza nguva yekushanda.
Kubatanidzwa kweData Pasina Musono:Masensa emazuva ano anopa kubatana kwemagetsi kuri nyore kushandisa uye nzira dzekutaurirana dzakajairwa neindasitiri, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza zvakananga data re viscosity netembiricha muDistributed Control Systems (DCS) kuti zvigadziriswe otomatiki.
Maitiro ekusarudza mudziyo unoshandiswa kuyera viscosity muzvikamu zvakasiyana zveSBR.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinofanirachishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera viscosityzvinoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro emuviri wechinhu chacho panzvimbo imwe neimwe iri mumaitiro ekugadzira rabha:
Mhinduro/Slurry (Reactor):Chinodiwa ndechekuyera kupenya kwemukati memvura kana kuti pachena. Matekinoroji anosanganisira Side Stream Rheometers (SSR) ayo anoramba achiongorora masampuro akanyunguduka, kana kuti high-sensitivity torsional probes dzakagadzirwa kuti dzitariswe nemvura/kupenya.
Musanganiswa weHigh-Viscosity (Kusanganisa):Kuyera zvakananga kwemuviri hakugoneke. Mhinduro yakanakisisa ndeyekushandisa masensa akapfava ekufungidzira anobatanidza mashandisirwo akarurama ekushanda (torque, simba rinodhonzwa, tembiricha) yemusanganiswa wemukati nechiyero chemhando chinodiwa, senge Mooney viscosity.
Polymer Melt (Pre-Extrusion):Kuziva kwekupedzisira kwemhando yekuyerera kwemvura kunoda sensor ine simba guru mupombi yekunyungudutsa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nema probes ane simba e torsional resonator kana ma specialized inline capillary viscometers (akadai seVIS), ayo anogona kuyera viscosity inooneka yekunyunguduka kwemvura pamazinga akakwirira ekubvisa mvura, kazhinji achibatanidza data neMFR/MVR.
Iyi nzira yekuziva yakasanganiswa, iyo inosanganisa masensa ehardware akasimba uko kuyerera kwemvura kwakaganhurirwa uye masensa akapfava ekufungidzira uko kupinda kwemuchina kwakaganhurirwa, inopa dhizaini yekudzora yakasimba inodiwa kuti ibudirire.kugadzirisa rabhamanejimendi.
VII. Kuitwa Kwemazano Uye Kuyera Mabhenefiti
Maitiro Ekutonga Pamhepo: Kushandisa nzira dzekugadzirisa mashandiro otomatiki zvichienderana nekupenya kwechinhu panguva chaiyo.
Masisitimu ekudzora otomatiki anoshandisa data re viscosity panguva chaiyo kugadzira mhinduro dzinoenderana, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chive chakasimba uye chinoenderana kupfuura kugona kwevanhu.
Kuongororwa otomatiki:Mukubatanidza, sisitimu yekudzora inogona kugara ichitarisa kuenderana kwekomputa uye yoga inoyera zvikamu zvine viscosity yakaderera, zvakaita semaplasticizer kana solvents, muhuwandu hwakakodzera chaihwo kana zvichidikanwa. Nzira iyi inochengetedza viscosity curve mukati mehuwandu hwakanyatsotsanangurwa hwekuvimba, ichidzivirira kudonha.
Kudzora Kusviba Kwepamusoro:Nekuti SBR melts haisi yeNewtonian uye inowanzo kanganiswa mu extrusion, standard Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers hadziwanzo kukwana pakudzora melt viscosity. Nzira dzepamusoro, dzakadai seActive Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC), dzinodiwa. ADRC inobata kusagadzikana uye kusarongeka kwemuenzaniso sezvinhu zvinoshanda zvinorambwa, zvichipa mhinduro yakasimba yekuchengetedza target viscosity uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti divimensional viscosity yakaringana.
Kugadzirisa Kurema Kwemamorekuru Kunochinja:Pa reactor yepolymerization, data rinoenderera mberi kubva kuchishandiso chekuyera viscosity yemukatiinodzoserwa musystem yekudzora. Izvi zvinogonesa kugadzirisa kwakaringana kuhuwandu hwekuyerera kwecheni regulator, zvichiripa pakarepo kutsauka kudiki mu reaction kinetics uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti huremu hwemolecular yeSBR polymer hunoramba huri mukati mebhandi rakamanikana rinodiwa kune giredhi reSBR rakatarwa.
Kushanda Nekubudirira & Kuwana Mari: Kuyera kuvandudzwa kwenguva dzekushanda, kuderedzwa kwekugadzirisa, kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu.
Kudyara mari mumasystem e rheology epamhepo kunounza purofiti yakananga uye inoyerwa iyo inowedzera purofiti yese yemaitiro ekugadzira rabha.
Nguva Dzakagadziridzwa dzeKutenderera:Nekushandisa nzira yekuona kuti zvinhu zvinosanganiswa sei (viscosity-based end-point detection) zviri mukati memusanganiswa wemukati, vagadziri vanobvisa njodzi yekusanganiswa zvakanyanya. Maitiro anowanzo shandiswa pamatanho akasimba emaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi mana anogona kugadziriswa kuti asvike pakusanganiswa kunodiwa mumaminitsi gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri. Kuchinja uku kwekushanda kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwe15-28% munguva yekufamba, zvichishandura zvakananga mukuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa uye kugona pasina mari itsva yekudyara.
Kuderedzwa Kwekugadzirisa uye Kurasa Marara:Kugara uchitarisa kunobvumira kugadziriswa nekukasika kwekuchinja kwemaitiro usati waita kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvisanyatsotsanangurwa. Kugona uku kunoderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa patsva kunodhura uye zvinhu zvakaraswa, zvichivandudza kushandiswa kwezvinhu.
Kushandiswa Kwesimba Kwakagadziriswa:Nekunyatsoderedza chikamu chekusanganisa zvichibva pane viscosity profile yenguva chaiyo, simba rinoiswa rinogadziriswa chete kuti riwane kupararira kwakakodzera. Izvi zvinobvisa marara esimba ane chekuita nekusanganiswa kwakawandisa.
Kuchinjika Kwekushandiswa Kwezvinhu:Kugadziriswa kwe viscosity kwakanangana kwakakosha pakugadzira zvinhu zvinoshanduka kana kuti zvisiri zvechisikigo, zvakaita sema polymers akadzokororwa. Kugara uchitarisa kunobvumira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kwematanho ekudzikamisa maitiro uye kugadziriswa kwe viscosity kwakanangana (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kana kuderedza huremu hwemamorekuru kuburikidza nezvinowedzera) kuti zvisangane nezvinangwa zve rheological zvinodiwa, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvingangove zvakachipa.
Zvinokonzera hupfumi zvakanyanya, sezvakatsanangurwa muTable III.
Tafura III. Kubudirira Kwehupfumi Nekushanda Kunobva Mukudzora Kusviba Kwepamhepo
| Chiyero | Nheyo Yekutanga (Kudzora Kunze Kwepamhepo) | Chinangwa (Kudzora Pamhepo) | Kuwana/Kureva Zvinogona Kuverengwa |
| Nguva Yekutenderera Kweboka (Kusanganisa) | Maminetsi 25–40 (Nguva Yakatarwa) | Maminetsi 18–20 (Pakugumira kweViscosity) | Kuwedzera kwe15–28% muKushandiswa kweSimba; Kuderedzwa kweKushandiswa kweSimba. |
| Chiyero cheBatch Rate chisina kutsanangurwa | 4% (Mwero weIndasitiri Yakajairika) | <1% (Kugadziriswa Kunogara Kuchiitwa) | Kusvika 75% Kuderedzwa kweKushandazve/Zvimedu; Kuderera kwekurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa. |
| Nguva Yekudzikamisa Maitiro (Zviri Kushandiswazve) | Maawa (Zvinoda bvunzo dzakawanda dzemurabhoritari) | Maminetsi (Kugadziriswa Kwekukurumidza kweIV/Rheo) | Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakanaka; kugona kwakawedzerwa kwekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinoshanduka-shanduka. |
| Kugadzirisa Midziyo (Mixers/Extruders) | Kukundikana Kunoita Zvekuita | Kutarisa Mafambiro Ekufanotaura | Kuona zvikanganiso nekukurumidza; kuderedza nguva yekushanda inotyisa uye mari yekugadzirisa. |
Kuchengetedza Kwekufanotaura: Kushandisa nguva dzose kutarisa kuti uone kukanganisa kwekutanga uye zviito zvekudzivirira.
Kuongorora viscosity online kunodarika kudzora mhando kuti kuve chishandiso chekushanda zvakanaka uye chekutarisa hutano hwemidziyo.
Kuonekwa Kwemhosva:Kuchinja kusingatarisirwi mukuverenga kwe viscosity kunoenderera mberi kusingatsanangurike nekusiyana kwezvinhu zviri kumusoro kunogona kushanda sechiratidzo chekunyevera kwekutanga kwekuora kwemuchina mukati memuchina, sekunge kupera kwe screws dze extruder, kuora kwe rotor, kana kuvharwa kwema filters. Izvi zvinogonesa kuchengetedza nekukurumidza uye kwakarongwa kudzivirira, zvichideredza njodzi yekukundikana kunodhura.
Kusimbiswa kweSensor Yakapfava:Ruzivo rwemaitiro anoenderera mberi, kusanganisira masaini emidziyo uye ma sensor inputs, zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira nekugadzirisa mamodheru ekufanotaura (soft sensors) ezviyero zvakakosha seMooney viscosity. Uyezve, aya ma data anoenderera mberi anogonawo kushanda senzira yekugadzirisa nekusimbisa mashandiro ezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuyera zviri mumutsara.
Kuongorora Kushanduka Kwezvinhu:Kufambira mberi kwekusimba kwechinhu kunopa dziviriro yakakosha kubva pakusawirirana kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa izvo zvisingabatanidzwi nekutarisa kwehunhu hwechinhu. Kuchinja-chinja kwehuwandu hwekusimba kwechinhu kunogona kuratidza shanduko muhuremu hwemamorekuru epolymer yebase kana hunyoro husingawirirane kana hunhu mumafiller.
Kuunganidzwa kunoramba kuripo kwedata rakadzama re rheological—kubva kuma inline sensors nema predictive soft sensors—kunopa hwaro hwedata rekugadzira mufananidzo wedhijitari we rabha compound. Iyi data inoenderera mberi, yenhoroondo yakakosha pakuvaka nekugadzirisa mamodheru epamusoro ekuongorora anofanotaura nemazvo maitiro akaomarara ekupedzisira echigadzirwa, akadai se viscoelastic properties kana fatigue resistance. Iyi level yekudzora kwakazara inosimudzirachishandiso chekuyera viscosity yemukatikubva pakushandisa chishandiso chemhando yepamusoro kusvika pakushandisa nzira huru yekugadzirisa maitiro uye kusimba kwemaitiro.
VIII. Mhedziso uye Mazano
Pfupiso yezvakawanikwa zvakakosha maererano nekuyera viscosity yerabha.
Ongororo iyi inosimbisa kuti kuvimba kwakajairika pakuedza rheological kusina kuenderera mberi, kusingaenderane nemutemo (Mooney viscosity, MFR) kunoisa muganho mukuru pakuwana kunyatsojeka kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka mukugadzirwa kweSBR kwemazuva ano, kwakawanda. Hunhu hwaStyrene Butadiene Rubber, husiri hweNewtonian, uye hwe viscoelastic hunoda shanduko huru muhurongwa hwekudzora—kubva pamatanho ekuongorora e-single-point, anononoka kuenda pakutarisisa nguva dzose, chaiyo-nguva kweviscosity inoonekwa uye chimiro chakazara cherheological.
Kubatanidzwa kwemasensa akasimba, akavakirwa pachinangwa, kunyanya ayo anoshandisa tekinoroji ye torsional resonator, pamwe chete nemaitiro epamusoro ekudzora (akadai se predictive soft sensing muma mixers uye ADRC muma extruders), kunogonesa kugadzirisa otomatiki muzvikamu zvese zvakakosha: kuve nechokwadi chekuti molecular weight integrity pa polymerization, kuwedzera kushanda kwe filler dispersion panguva yekusanganisa, uye kuvimbisa kugadzikana kwedimensional panguva yekunyunguduka kwekupedzisira. Kururamisa kwehupfumi kwekuchinja uku kwetekinoroji kunokwezva, kuchipa purofiti inoyerwa mu throughput (15-28% kudzikiswa kwenguva ye cycle) uye kudzikiswa kukuru mukushandiswa kwezvimedu nemagetsi. Bata timu yekutengesa yeRFQ.
