Kunzwisisa Sulfuric Acid Anodizing yeAluminium Profiles
Maitiro ekushandisa anodizing yesulfuric acid inzira huru yekurapa pamusoro pema profiles ealuminium, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuvandudza kuramba kwengura, kuwedzera kuomarara kwenzvimbo, uye kubvumira kushanda kwealuminium nekuisa dhayi kana kuvhara. Maitiro aya anoshanda nekunyudza ma profiles ealuminium mubhavhu rinoshandisa anodizing rine sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) se electrolyte. Simba rekunze reDC rinoiswa, nealuminium inoshanda se anode uye zvinhu zvakaita se lead kana aluminium se cathode.
Maitiro eElectrochemical uye Kuumbwa kweOxide Film
Maitiro e sulfuric acid anodize anogadzira aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) layer kuburikidza ne electrochemical oxidation inodzorwa. Pa anode, pamusoro pearuminiyamu panoita response zvichienderana ne resurface iri nyore:
2 Al (s) + 3 H₂O (l) → Al₂O₃ (s) + 6 H⁺ (aq) + 6 e⁻
Izvi zvinogadzira firimu re oxide rine structure mbiri. Kutanga, jira rekudzivirira risina maburi, rakatetepa rinoumbwa richibatana zvakananga nesimbi yealuminium, zvichipa hunhu hwe dielectric uye dziviriro yekutanga yengura. Sezvo anodizing ichienderera mberi, jira re oxide rakakora, rine maburi, rinobuda kunze, rinoratidzwa nemasero ehexagonal akarongwa nema microscopically uye ma vertical pores. Maburi aya anoumbwa nekuda kwekunyungudika kuri kuitika kwefirimu re oxide ne sulfuric acid electrolyte pasi peburi rega rega, zvichienzana nekukura kwe oxide kunokonzereswa nekushanduka kwe oxygen uye kufamba kwe ion panzvimbo yesimbi/oxide. Iyi geometry ye dual-layer yakakosha kuti dhayi itore, ivhare, uye igare kwenguva refu ye anodized aluminium profiles.
Anodizing Aluminum - Kupedzisa pamusoro peSimbi
*
Kukosha kweAnodizing Bath Kemistri uye Kudzora Kuomesa
Kushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda kwemaitiro e sulfuric acid anodizing e aluminium zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekuumbwa kwemakemikari ebhavhu re anodizing, kunyanya sulfuric acid uye huwandu hwe aluminium yakanyungudutswa. Kudzora ma parameter aya kwakakosha pakugadzira mafirimu e oxide emhando yepamusoro ane ukobvu hwakasiyana, kuomarara, uye kuramba ngura.
Hukama Pakati peAnodizing Bath Concentration uye Oxide Film Properties
Kuwanda kweasidhi yesulfuric mubhavhu rinoita kuti aluminium oxide iite seyakakora. Pakuwanda kweasidhi yesulfuric (pasi pe10 wt%), mwero wekukura kweasidhi unopfuura kunyungudika kwayo kwemakemikari, zvichibvumira kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvakakora zvealuminium oxide zvakafanana. Sezvo huwandu hweasidhi huchiwedzera kusvika pamaitiro akajairika (10–20 wt%), ukobvu hweasidhi hunowanzo kudzikira nekuti mhedzisiro yekunyungudika kweasidhi inova pachena, ichisvika pakuenzana uko kukura nekunyungudika kwakaenzana. Pamusoro pe20 wt%, kunyungudika kwemakemikari kunokurumidza—zvichikonzera mafirimu akatetepa uye mune dzimwe nguva, kupwanyika kwefirimu kana kukanganisa kwechimiro.
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura inozora mubhavhu kunokanganisawo chimiro uye kuyerera kwe oxide layer. Kuyera kwakaderera kunoita kuti zvidimbu zvidiki zvive nemaburi madiki, akarongeka uye nzvimbo dzakapfava—chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti pave nekudzikamisa magetsi uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira. Kuyera kwe sulfuric acid kunowanzoita kuti pave nechimiro chine maburi chinodiwa kuti dhayi itore uye iwedzere kufukidza. Zvisinei, huwandu hweasidhi hwakakwira hunogadzira maburi makuru, asina kurongeka uye kuwedzera kwekuoma kwenzvimbo, zvichikanganisa kufanana kwefirimu uye kusimba kwemuchina.
Aruminiyamu yakanyungudutswa, iyo inobuda muanodizing inoramba ichiitika, inochinja kemikari yekugezera nekufamba kwenguva. Kuwanda kwearuminiyamu kunogona kukanganisa kukura kweokisijeni, kuderedza ukobvu hwefirimu, uye kukanganisa magadzirirwo emaburi. Saka, kutarisira kwakasimba uye kubviswa kwearuminiyamu yakanyungudutswa nguva nenguva kunodiwa kuti maitiro acho aenderane.
Simba paKuoma kweFirimu reAnodic Oxide uye Kuramba Kuora
Kuomarara kwefirimu reAnodic oxide uye kuramba ngura zvakabatana zvakananga nemakemikari ekugezera. Kuwanda kwesulfuric acid yakakwana (kazhinji 10–20 wt%) kunokurudzira mafirimu ane porosity yakaenzana uye madziro akasimba, akakora emasero, zvichiwedzera kuomarara kwemuchina uye zvichipa kuramba ngura kwakanyanya. Kuwanda kwakanyanya (kungave kwakaderera kana kwakakwira) kunotungamira kune porosity yakawandisa yefirimu, zvivakwa zvisina simba, uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekukanganisa, zvese izvi zvinokanganisa kuomarara uye zvinobvumira media ine hukasha kana zvinhu zvinosvibisa kupinda mukati mejira, zvichideredza dziviriro yengura.
Pamashandisirwo anoda oxidation yealuminium anodic inogara kwenguva refu, senge zvinhu zvekuvaka kana zvemuchadenga, kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka—uchishandisa mita ye sulfuric acid yakavimbika seLonnmeter—uye kugadziriswa kwemazinga e sulfuric acid nearuminiyamu kwakakosha kuchengetedza hunhu hwakanaka hwepamusoro.
Migumisiro yeImbalanced Bath Composition
Kana kemikari yekugezera inozora ichisiyana neyakakurudzirwa, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakaipa zvinoitika:
- Kushanda zvisina kunaka kweanodizing:Kuwanda kwe sulfuric acid kana aluminium kunogona kunonotsa kana kukanganisa kuumbwa kwe aluminium oxide film, zvichikonzera kusaenzana kwe oxidation uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwe sulfuric acid anodizing process.
- Kugara kwenguva refu kwefirimu uye kushanda kusina kuenzana:Asidhi yakawandisa kana simbi inokonzera mafirimu asina kusimba, akakora anochinja-chinja anogona kupwanyika, kupwanyika, uye kusanyanya kupfekwa. Kusasimba uku kunoderedza hupenyu hwechikamu uye kuvimbika, zvakakosha pakugadzirisa ngura pamusoro pearuminiyamu.
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhenefiti ese ekushandisa anodizing aruminiyamu nesulfuric acid—ukobvu hwepamusoro hwearuminiyamu oxide film, kuomarara kwearuminiyamu oxide film kuri nani, uye kuramba ngura kwearuminiyamu oxide film—zvinoenderera mberikuyerwa kwehuwandu hwe sulfuric acidMubhavhu rinozora mafuta uye kudzora aruminiyamu yakanyungudutswa kwakakosha. Maitiro aya akarongeka anodzivirira kurasikirwa kwekushanda uye anotsigira mwero wepamusoro mukuita kweanozora mafuta eruminiyamu kudzivirira ngura uye kupedzisa pamusoro kwenguva refu.
Nzira dzekuyera H2SO4 Concentration muAnodizing Baths
Kuyera huwandu hwe sulfuric acid nemazvo kwakakosha kuti pave nekudzora mashandiro e sulfuric acid anodizing. Kuwanda kwebhavhu rinoita kuti aluminium oxide irambe yakakora uye aluminium oxide inodzivirirwa ne corrosion.
Nzira dzeKupa Mazita: Maitiro Anoshanda uye Kududzira
Kuwedzerwa kweSodium hydroxidendiyo nzira huru yemakemikari yekuongorora sulfuric acid mumabhati anodizing. Maitiro makuru anosanganisira:
Kuunganidzwa kweMienzaniso uye Kugadzirira:
Shandisa magirazi akachena, akaoma kuti uunganidze muenzaniso wekugezera. Sefa kana zvichidikanwa kuti ubvise tunhu twakasanganiswa. Sanganisa nemvura yakasanganiswa kuti acid irambe yakasimba.
Midziyo neMakemikoro Zvinodiwa:
- Mhinduro ye sodium hydroxide (NaOH) yakajairika: kazhinji 0.1 N kana 0.5 N
- Chiratidzo: methyl orenji yekugeza nemavara/asina kuchena (endpoint pa pH ≈ 4.2); phenolphthalein yekugeza nemavara akajeka (endpoint pa pH ≈ 8.2–10)
- Burette, pipette, chirongo chekoni, magirazi egirazi akagadziriswa
Maitiro eKupa Titration:
- Wedzera huwandu hunozivikanwa hwemuenzaniso (semuenzaniso, 10 mL) muflask
- Isa madonhwe maviri kusvika matatu echiratidzo
- Zadza burette neNaOH, rekodha vhoriyamu yekutanga
- Titrate sampuro, tenderera nguva dzose, tarisa shanduko yeruvara rwechiratidzo
- Methyl orange inoshanduka kubva patsvuku kuenda kune yero pakuguma; phenolphthalein kubva pakusava neruvara kuenda kune pink
- Rekodha vhoriyamu yeNaOH yakashandiswa
Matambudziko muKuenzanisa neMaoko uye Kuvimbika kweMhedzisiro:
Kutora sampling nemaoko kunounza kusiyana. Kuchenesa kusina kunaka kunogona kusvibisa sampuro, zvichikonzera kuverenga kusina kururama. Mabhati anodizing ane ruvara rwakanyanya kana kuti akasvibiswa anoomesa kutarisa kwe endpoint. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, potentiometric titration (uchishandisa pH meter) inogona kuwedzera kururama. Matinji asina chinhu akakosha kuti aongorore tsvina ye reagent. Chitarisiko che endpoint chinogona kuvharika mumabhati ane simbi, madhayi, kana matope, zvichikanganisa kurapwa kwepamusoro pema profiles ealuminium uye oxide film corrosion resistance. Maburette e otomatiki uye nzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzetitration (digital kana potentiometric) dziri kufarirwa zvakanyanya kuti pave nemigumisiro inodzokororwa mukushanda kwepamusoro-soro.
PamhepoMamita eKuisa H2SO4 otomatiki
Mita yekuyera sulfuric acid online—sezviya zvinobva kuLonnmeter—zvinoita kuti pave nekuongororwa nguva dzose kwemakemikari ekugezesa anodizing aripo. Midziyo iyi inoyera zvakananga huwandu hweH₂SO₄ mubhavhu, zvichibvisa zvikanganiso zvekutora sampuli nekunonoka.
Kuyerwa Kwemukati menzvimbo Kunovandudza Sei Kuenderana Kwemaitiro:
Data renguva chaiyo rinogonesa vashandisi kuchengetedza maparamita e sulfuric acid anodizing process mukati memazinga akakodzera. Kutevera nguva dzose kunodzivirira kutsauka kunogona kutungamira mukusiyana kweukobvu hwefirimu realuminium oxide kana kuomarara kwefirimu reanodic oxide. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi dzekuputira kwakapfava, kusina kurongeka zvakanaka kana oxidation yakanyanya, zvichibatsira oxidation yealuminium anodic inogara kwenguva refu.
Kubatanidzwa neReal-Time Process Control uye Feedback Loops:
Mamita emazuva ano e sulfuric acid anosangana nemasystem ekudzora zvirimwa. Nzvimbo dzinogona kushandiswa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera acid otomatiki kana kunyungudutsa kwemvura mubhavhu kana anodizing concentration ikadonha. Feedback loops inodzikamisa mamiriro ekushanda—chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa makemikari ebhavhu anodizing uye kusimudzira dziviriro ye ngura ye aluminium anodized. Kuramba uchitarisa kunotsigira maitiro e aluminium anodizing ekudzivirira ngura uye kunoita kuti ngura isapararire.
Munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakawanda, kuyerwa kwepamhepo kunoita kuti kudzora kwebhavhu re sulfuric acid anodizing kushande nesimba, zvichideredza kupindira nemaoko uye zvichitsigira kugadziriswa kwepamusoro kwema profiles earuminiyamu nguva dzose. Izvi zvinotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwemhando yechigadzirwa uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
Kutarisa Kwenguva Yechokwadi Kwezvikamu Zvekugezera Zvinodyisa Anodizing
Kugara uchitarisa nguva nenguva bhavhu rinozora mafuta panguva chaiyo kwakakosha pakugadzirisa zvinhu zvakakosha mukuita kweanodizing sulfuric acid. Kuti uwane firimu remhando yepamusoro re oxide rinoda kutonga kwakaringana pamusoro pehuwandu hwe sulfuric acid ne aluminium yakanyungudutswa.
Maitiro Ekuongorora Anoenderera Mberi eSulfuric Acid neAluminium Yakanyungudutswa
Zvirimwa zvemazuva ano zvinoshandisa anodizing zvinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora kuti zvirambe zvakanaka pakuumbwa kwemvura yekugezera:
MaSensors eInline uye Digital Probes eH2SO4 Concentration Measurement
Masensa ari mukati—kusanganisira digital pH uye ma conductivity probes—anopa mhinduro dzinogara dzichiitika pahuwandu hweH2SO4. Mamwe masisitimu ane maalgorithms epamusoro anobatanidza data remasaini zvakananga kumazinga esulfuric acid. Midziyo yakaita se sulfuric acid concentration meter, kusanganisira zvigadzirwa zvinopihwa neLonnmeter, zvakagadzirirwa kudzora bath bath shave yesulfuric acid anodizing. Inogona kuiswa zvakananga mu circulation loop kana tank kuti igadzire kuverenga nekukurumidza, ichipa data rinogona kuitwa rekugadzirisa bath uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti inotevedzera zvakasimba sulfuric acid anodizing process parameters.
Kugona uku kuona nekukurumidza kunosvika kualuminium yakanyungudutswa. Masensa anoshandisa potentiometric measurement anoongorora huwandu hwearuminiyamu kuburikidza ne electrochemical reactions chaiyo inoenderana ne anodizing bath chemistry. Kubatanidzwa kwema probes aya ne plant control systems kunobvumira automated dosing, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kururama uye kufanana kwema aluminium oxide films.
Mabhenefiti eKutarisa Munguva Yechokwadi paKushanda Kwebhati Rakagadzikana
Kushandisa maturusi ekutarisa nguva dzose kunounza zvakanakira zvakakosha kune maitiro e sulfuric acid anodize:
Kudzivirira Kudonha KwemaParameter
Sulfuric acid nealuminium yakanyungudutswa zvinogona kuchinja kubva panzvimbo dzakatarwa nekuda kwekushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuunganidzwa. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwesulfuric acid ne online analyzers kana inline metres kunodzivirira kufamba kwakanyarara, izvo zvaizokanganisa ukobvu nekuoma kwefirimu re anodic oxide. Stable bath chemistry inochengetedza kugara kwenguva refu uye dziviriro yengura ye anodized aluminium.
Kuonekwa Pakarepo Kwekutsauka Kunokanganisa Maitiro Ekudziisa Anodizing
Munguva chaiyo, ma analyzer nema sensors vanoona chero kutsauka kwebhavhu—sekudonha kwe sulfuric acid kana spikes mu aluminium yakanyungudutswa—izvo zvinokanganisa kunaka kwe oxide film. Nyevero dzinotanga ipapo ipapo, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe zvisati zvaita zvikanganiso zvinodhura. Kufanana kwemaitiro ekurapa pamusoro pe aluminium kunochengetwa, zvichivandudza dziviriro ye aluminium inodized corrosion uye zvichigadzira mhedzisiro yakafanana mu batch yega yega.
Semuenzaniso, kana aruminiyamu yakanyungudutswa ikadarika mwero unokurudzirwa, kunaya kwemvura kwakawanda kunogona kukurudzira kudonha kwevhu kana kuderedza kunaka kwechivako. Kutarisa kwenguva chaiyo kunoita kuti pave nekugadzirisa nekukurumidza, kuchengetedza ngura yefirimu re oxide uye kutsigira kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvealuminium anodic oxidation zvinogara kwenguva refu. Mafekitori ekutonga otomatiki anobatsira vagadziri kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekukora uye kuoma kwefirimu re anodic oxide, zvichivandudza zvakananga chitarisiko uye mashandiro.
Kubatanidzwa kwezvishandiso zvekuongorora titration online uye mita dzehuwandu hweH2SO4 zvinobvisa kusava nechokwadi kwesampuru yebatch uye kuyerwa kwemunhu. Sisitimu iyi yakasimba inotungamira mukuvandudzwa kunoyerwa mukudzora huwandu hwebhati rinodizing, kushanda zvakanaka kwemakemikari, uye mhando yechigadzirwa mukati memaitiro ese ealuminium anodizing ekudzivirira ngura.
Kubatanidza Sulfuric Acid Concentration Meters muAnodizing Operations
Maitiro Ekusarudza Meter Yekuyera Sulfuric Acid
Maitiro ekugadzira anodizing yesulfuric acid anoenderana nekudzora kwakarurama kwehuwandu hweH₂SO₄. Kusarudzwa kwemuchina wekuyeresa huwandu hwesulfuric acid kunosanganisira kuongorora zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru: kururama, kuenderana, uye zvinodiwa pakuchengetedza.
KururamaZvakakosha. Bhavhu rinopisa rinoshanda zvakanaka mukati me150–220 g/L H₂SO₄, uye hunhu hwe oxide film—hwakadai seukobvu, kuramba ngura, uye kuomarara—hunonyanya kukanganiswa nekutsauka kwehuwandu hweasidhi. Mamita anofanirwa kusangana nekururama kwemunda kwe±2–4 g/L pakushanda nguva dzose. Kune nzira dzepamusoro dzekushanda, kunyanya muaerospace kana high-spec surface treatment yearuminiyamu profiles, tsvaga michina kana maitiro anokwanisa kuchengetedza ±1–2 g/L control. Mamita akavakirwa pakufambisa mvura akajairika, asi anova asina kuvimbika sezvo aruminiyamu ichiungana; density (hydrometer) metres uye titration-based reference methods zvinopa kunyatsojeka kuri nani mukushandiswa kwakakosha.
Kuenderana nemamiriro chaiwo ekushandaZvakakosha. Chiyero ichi chinofanira kutsungirira mamiriro emakemikari ebhavhu rinopisa, kusanganisira acidity yakawanda uye huwandu hwakawanda hwearuminiyamu. Midziyo inofanirwa kuenderana nehurongwa hwekuripa tembiricha, sezvo kuchinja kwetembiricha yebhavhu kwe2–3°C kunogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvekuyera kupfuura 5 g/L kana zvisina kugadziriswa. Mamita asingakwanise kuripa tembiricha kana aruminiyamu yakanyungudutswa anogona kukonzera hunhu husina kunaka hwefirimu reanodic oxide uye kuramba ngura kusingatarisirwi.
Zvaunofanira kufunga nezvekuchengetedzazvinosanganisira nyore kuchenesa, kuramba kusvibiswa kwesensa, uye kuwanikwa kwemaitiro akasimba ekugadzirisa. Kuti utarise online, sarudza mamita ane maficha ekuchenesa otomatiki kana ekugadzirisazve kuti uderedze kudonha. Masisitimu emaoko, senge mahydrometer, anoda kusukurudzwa nguva nenguva nemvura yakabviswa ion kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvisaririra. Isa pamberi mamamita kubva kune vanopa masensa ane rekodhi yemasensa anogara kwenguva refu uye mukana wekuwana zvikamu zvezvimwe. Semuenzaniso, Lonnmeter series inopa zviyero zvenguva chaiyo uye yakagadzirirwa kemikari yakaoma yemaitiro.
Kubatanidzwa neMaitiro Aripo Ekugadzirisa Maitiroinofanira kuongororwa. Mitsetse yemazuva ano ye sulfuric acid anodize process inobatsirwa nemamita anogona kusangana nedhijitari controllers, PLCs, kana SCADA systems. Tsvaga zvishandiso zvinopa standard output protocols (semuenzaniso, 4–20 mA kana Modbus) yekutarisa nekudzora sulfuric acid anodizing bath parameters. Kubatanidzwa uku kunobvumira otomatiki dosing kugadzirisa kuchengetedza anodizing bath concentration yakakwana uye inoita kuti kugadzirwa kwealuminium oxide films ne target target gobvu uye corrosion resistance kugoneke.
Mazano eCalibration Intervals uye Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekudzora Hunhu
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwe sulfuric acid yemhando yepamusoro kunoda kutariswa kwakasimba uye nzira dzekudzora. Nzira dzakanakisisa dzinosanganisira:
- Nguva dzekugadzirisa:Mita dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakufambisa mvura nekudzikisa huremu dzinofanira kuenzaniswa zvichienderana netitration yerabhoritari kanenge vhiki rega rega pasi pemitoro yakajairika yekugadzira. Kana ichishanda pedyo nemiganhu yekushanda kana kana paine shanduko dzakawanda dzebhavhu, kuyera huremu hwezuva nezuva kunokurudzirwa. Maitiro ekuenzanisa huremu anofanira kutsanangura kuwedzera kwealuminium yakanyungudutswa mubhavhu, izvo zvinokanganisa kuverenga kwemasensa.
- Kusimbiswa kwemusanganiswa:Shandisa matitrator otomatiki senzira yakanaka yekutarisa uye kugadzirisa kuverenga kwemasensa epamhepo. Nguva nenguva ongorora mhedzisiro kubva kumamita epamhepo uchishandisa titration nemaoko kuti uone kudonha kwemvura, kunyanya mushure mekugadzirisa kugeza kana kuunganidza kwearuminiyamu kunodarika 15–20 g/L.
- Kudzora Hunhu:Itai macheki ekuongorora ezuva nezuva kana epashift—kuongorora sampuli dzenzvimbo, kuongorora hutano hwesensor, uye kuongorora magwaro ekupisa kwebhavhu. Nyora zvese zvawanikwa pakuyera uye bvunzo kuti zvionekwe zvakanaka. Simbisai kuti mita dzese dziri kushanda mukati mehuwandu hwadzo hwakatarwa uye kururama mumamiriro chaiwo ekushanda.
Kuchenesa Aruminiyamu
*
Matanho Ekuwana Kugadziriswa Kwepamusoro KwemaProfiles eAluminium
Kurapa Kusati Kwaitwa: Kuchenesa neKucheka Kuti Uwane Mhedzisiro yeAnodizing Yakafanana
Kugadzirira usati waisa mushonga kwakakosha pakugadzirisa pamusoro pema profiles ealuminium nenzira yepamusoro-soro mukuita kweanodizing yesulfuric acid. Kutevedzana uku kunotanga nekuchenesa kwakanyatsonaka (kubvisa mafuta) kubvisa mafuta, mafuta, nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zve organic. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa ne alkaline cleaners pa 50–70°C kwemaminitsi 2–10, dzimwe nguva zvichiwedzerwa ne ultrasonic agitation yema profiles ane complex geometries. Kusukurudza zvakanaka nemvura yakabviswa ion kana yakanyorova kunodzivirira kudzoreredza ivhu uye kugadzirira pamusoro payo matanho anotevera.
Kucheka kunotevera, uchishandisa sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions pa30–100 g/L uye 40–60°C, kazhinji kwemaminitsi 2–10. Danho iri rinobvisa jira rakatetepa realuminium, richibvisa zvikanganiso pamusoro, mitsetse yekubvisa, uye chero mafirimu e oxide aripo kare. Kudzora kuumbwa kwebhavhu nenguva yekucheka kunodzivirira kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwesimbi uye kukora, zvichichengetedza kurongeka kweprofile. Zvinowedzerwa zvakaita sezvinodzivirira zvinogona kuderedza migumisiro isingadiwe senge hydrogen pickup. Mushure mekucheka, pamusoro pealuminium unowanzo chengeta intermetallics isinganyungudike—inozivikanwa se smut—inofanira kubviswa kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakanaka.
Kubvisa tsvina kunoitwa nemabhati e nitric kana sulfuric acid (15–25% HNO₃; patembiricha yemumba kwemaminitsi 1–3). Ammonium bifluoride inogona kuiswa kune alloys ine silicon yakawanda kana copper. Danho iri rinoita kuti pamusoro payo pave pakachena zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pakaenzana. Kusukurudza kwekupedzisira kwakakosha usati waisa anodizing kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwebhati rinozotevera re anodizing.
Kugara uchitarisa mamiriro ebhavhu, tembiricha, uye nguva dzekushanda kwakakosha kuti pave nemigumisiro inodzokororwa uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvepadenga zvakaita se streak kana pitting. Mitsetse yemazuva ano inoshandisa masensa enguva chaiyo uye closed-loop rinses kuti iwedzere kunaka uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuita aruminiyamu yakachena zvakakwana, yakachekwa zvakaenzana isina mavanga akasara uye yakagadzirira maitiro e sulfuric acid anodize.
Anodizing: Kuchengetedza Maparamita Ekugeza Akakodzera Mukukura Kwemafirimu EOxide
Kudzora kwakanyatsonaka kwebhavhu rinoisa anodizing ndiko kwakakosha pakugadzira mafirimu ealuminium oxide ane kuoma kwakanyanya uye kuramba ngura. Maitiro ekuisa anodizing esulfuric acid anoenderana nekuchengetedza zviyero zvakasimba:
- Kuwanda kweasidhi yesulfuric mubhavhu rinoita kuti mvura itsvuke kunofanira kuchengetwa mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa, kazhinji 150–220 g/L. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hweasidhi yesulfuric nguva dzose kunoita kuti kutsauka kugadziriswe nekukurumidza.
- Zvishandiso zvakaita seLonnmeter sulfuric acid concentration meter zvinopa kuyerwa kwehuwandu hweh2so4 nekukurumidza uye kwakavimbika, zvichitsigira kugadziriswa kwekugeza nemaoko uye otomatiki.
- Kupisa kwebhati kunowanzo chengetwa pakati pe18°C ne22°C. Kutsauka kunogona kukanganisa ukobvu hwefirimu realuminium oxide, kufanana, uye chitarisiko.
- Kuwanda kwezvino, kazhinji 1–2 A/dm² yeanodizing yakajairwa, kunogadziriswa zvichienderana nerudzi rwe alloy uye ukobvu hwe oxide hunodiwa.
- Kugaya kwebhati kunoita kuti maion aenderane uye kupisa kupararire.
Kudzora kushambidzwa kwebhavhu re anodizing sulfuric acid nekuchenjera kunoita kuti bhavhu re anodic oxide rikure nguva dzose. Izvi zvinobvumira kugadziriswa kwakanyatsojeka kweukobvu hwebhavhu re aluminum oxide (kazhinji 5–25 μm yemaprofile ekuvaka uye kusvika 70 μm yema anodizing akaomarara) uye zvinowedzera kuomarara kwebhavhu re anodic oxide uye kuramba ngura kwebhavhu re oxide. Kuyera huwandu hwe sulfuric acid munguva chaiyo mubhavhu re anodizing kunobatsirawo kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvakaita sekutsva, mafirimu akapfava, kana kupindura kwemavara asina kunaka, zvichiita kuti zvikwanisike mabhenefiti akawanda e anodizing aluminium ne sulfuric acid.
Kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kwehuwandu hwemvura inozora mubhavhu kwakakosha zvikuru kana paine nguva refu yekugadzira, uko kudhonzwa kwemvura inosuka kana kuunganidzwa kwemaion esimbi kunogona kusvibisa kana kusvibisa bhavhu. Kugadziriswa kwemakemikari ebhavhu anozora nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama, kunokonzereswa nekuyerwa kwehuwandu hweh2so4 kakawanda, kwakakosha pakuona kuti oxide coating dzakafanana uye dzinogara kwenguva refu.
Mushure mekurapwa: Maitiro Ekuvhara Firimu Kuti Risaome Uye Risarambe Kuora
Mushure mekuzora mafuta, nzira dzekuvhara dzinovhara chimiro chine maburi che fresh aluminum oxide layer, zvichipa dziviriro inogara kwenguva refu kubva mukuora uye kuwedzera kuomarara kwe anodic oxide film. Nzira huru dzekuvhara aluminum anodized dzinosanganisira:
- Kuvhara mvura inopisa: Kunyudzwa mumvura yakabviswa maion iri kufashaira (96–100°C) kwemaminitsi 15–30 kunonyorovesa oxide, zvichiita kuti pave neboehmite yakasimba.
- Kuvhara nickel acetate: Uchishandisa mhinduro ye nickel acetate pa 85–95°C, nzira iyi inovandudza kuramba kwengura uye kugadzikana kwemavara, kunyanya kune machira akapendwa.
- Kuvhara muchina muchando: Kunosanganisira zvinhu zvinovhara muchina patembiricha yakadzika kusvika 25–30°C uye zvinofarirwa kuchengetedza simba uye kukurumidza kushandisa simba.
Kusarudzwa kwemaitiro ekuvhara kunoenderana nekushanda kwe oxide kwaunoda, zvinangwa zvemutengo, uye zvinodiwa pakushandisa kwekupedzisira. Nzira yega yega inofanirwa kutariswa nekungwarira kuti ione nguva, tembiricha, uye mubatanidzwa webhavhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti rinovhara zvakakwana. Kuvhara kusina kunaka kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekudzivirira ngura uye kudzikira kwekuoma kwefirimu, zvichikanganisa runako uye hupenyu hwebasa hweprofile yearuminiyamu yakaputirwa.
Kugadzirisa mushure mekurapwa hakungobatsiri chete kudzivirira ngura yearuminiyamu inozorwa asi kunotsigirawo oxidation yearuminiyamu inozorwa kwenguva refu kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya. Kuongorora nguva dzose kwekugezera uye kudzora maitiro kunoita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakafanana pakugadzirwa kwearuminiyamu.
Nekutevera nzira dzakanakisisa padanho rega rega—kuchenesa nekutema, kudzora maitiro e sulfuric acid anodize, uye kuchengetedza mushure mekurapwa—vagadziri vanogona kugadzira ma profiles earuminiyamu ane mhando yepamusoro, kuomarara kwemafirimu, uye kuramba ngura zvakanyanya.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeipi huwandu hwakanyanya hweH2SO4 mubhavhu rinopisa re sulfuric acid?
Kuwanda kwe sulfuric acid kwakanakira pakuita sulfuric acid anodizing process kunowanzova pakati pe150 ne220 g/L, izvo zvinoenzana ne15-20% nevhoriyamu. Kukosha kwakanyanya kutaurwa i180 g/L kana 18% nevhoriyamu. Rudzi urwu rwakakosha mukugadzira mafirimu e anodic oxide ane kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kuramba ngura. Kugeza mubhavhu iri kunobatsira kuti oxide layer irambe yakakora pamhando dzearuminiyamu, kunotsigira kutorwa kwedhayi, uye kuderedza njodzi yehupfu kana kuputsika. Kuwanda kuri pasi pe150 g/L kunoderedza kukura kwe oxide uye kunogona kugadzira mafirimu akapfava, ane maburi, nepo kuwanda kuri pamusoro pe220 g/L kunowedzera kunyungudika uye kunogona kutetepa coating zvakanyanya. Kune mamwe maitiro, akadai se hard anodizing, kuwanda kwakanyanya zvishoma (kusvika 240 g/L) uye tembiricha yakaderera zvinogona kushandiswa asi hazvina kukodzera kugadzirwa kwakajairika.
Kuwanda kwebhati rinopisa mafuta kunokanganisa sei ukobvu hwefirimu realuminium oxide?
Kuwanda kwemafuta anodizing bath kune mhedzisiro yakananga uye inoyerwa pakukora kwefirimu realuminium oxide. Kuwanda kwemafuta esulfuric acid kunowedzera kunyungudika kweokisijeni, zvichikonzera kuti zvive zvitete uye zvisina kusimba. Kusiyana neizvi, huwandu hweasidhi yakaderera hunoburitsa mafirimu akakora asi anowanzo kuwedzera kukora, zvichideredza kuomarara uye dziviriro yengura. Kuwana huwandu hwakakodzera kwakakosha: 180 g/L inogadzira zvakavimbika ganda rakakora, rakasimba reokisijeni rine kukora kwakadzorwa kwakakodzera kushandiswa muzvivakwa nemaindasitiri. Kutsauka kubva pakuwanda uku kuchachinja hunhu hwekudzivirira uye hwemakanika hwefirimu. Semuenzaniso, kumhanya pa220 g/L kunowanzo konzera maburi matete zvishoma asi kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nefirimu nekukurumidza panguva yeanodizing.
Chii chinonzi sulfuric acid concentration meter uye nei ichikosha?
Chiyero chemusanganiswa weasidhi yesulfuric chinogara chichiyera huwandu hweH2SO4 mumabhati anodizing. Zvakakosha kuti pave nemakemikari ekugezesa anowirirana, zvakakosha pakugadzirisa pamusoro pearuminiyamu. Nechiyero chemusanganiswa, vashandisi vanogona kugadzirisa dose yeasidhi yesulfuric panguva chaiyo, kudzivirira kukanganisa nemaoko uye kuona kuti kugadzirwa kwacho kwakasimba. Izvi zvinochengetedza maparamita ekugezesa akakodzera uye zvinotsigira kuumbwa kwefirimu reoxide rakakodzera. Midziyo yakaita seLonnmeter inopa kutarisa kwakavimbika, otomatiki kwakagadzirirwa maitiro e sulfuric acid anodize, zvichideredza kuwanda kwekutora sampling nekuongorora nemaoko.
Sei kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwe h2so4 munguva chaiyo kuchikosha mukuita kwe anodizing?
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hweh2so4 munguva chaiyo kwakakosha pakudzora huwandu hwebhavhu rinoita kuti pave neanodizing. Mhinduro dzinokurumidza dzinoita kuti pave nekugadziriswa kwekutsauka nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti makemikari ebhavhu agare akasimba. Kana huwandu hukachinja-chinja, ukobvu hwe oxide layer, kuomarara, uye kuramba ngura zvinogona kukanganiswa. Masisitimu ekuyera akavimbika anobatsira kuona kuti batch yega yega inosangana nezvinodiwa, zvichichengetedza kushanda kwepamusoro mualuminium anodizing kuti irambe ngura uye igare kwenguva refu pamusoro. Maitiro aya anonyanya kukosha mumabasa makuru kana otomatiki, uko kupindira kwevanhu kushoma.
Kuwanda kwemvura mubhavhu zvisina kunaka kunogona kukonzera zvikanganiso muaruminiyamu inozorwa here?
Ehe, kushandisa nzira ye sulfuric acid anodizing kunze kwehwindo rinokurudzirwa re concentration kunogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvakakomba. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusasimba kwe oxide film kunamira, ruvara rwepamusoro rusina kurongeka, kuderera kwekuoma, uye kudzikira kwe corrosion resistance. Kushandisa sulfuric acid concentration meter yekuyera huwandu hwe h2so4 nguva dzose kunoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekukanganisika. Semuenzaniso, acid yakawanda inogona kunyungudutsa oxide ichangobva kugadzirwa, zvichikonzera kupeta kusina kuenzana kana kutetepa, nepo acid isina kukwana ichiburitsa mafirimu ane maburi, anokuvara nyore nyore. Kugara uchitarisa kwakakosha kuti aluminium anodic oxidation igare kwenguva refu.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-03-2025
