Mumabasa ekuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya, kugadzirisa kusviba kwemvura inochera kwakakosha pakuona kushanda zvakanaka kwe hydraulic uye kugadzikana kwemvura inochera. Kukundikana kudzora kusviba kunogona kukonzera kudonha kwemvura inochera, kukonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwemvura inochera, uye kuwedzera nguva isingabudiriri. Matambudziko enzvimbo inochera, akadai sekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha, kuda kutarisisa kwakarurama, uye kwenguva chaiyo kuti uwane kudzora rheological kunofanotaurwa, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekusefa, uye kudzivirira zviitiko zvine njodzi zvekurasikirwa nemvura. Kudzora kusviba kunoshanda kunotsigiramvura yekuchera matopekudzora kurasikirwa, kunovandudza hunhu hwemvura yekuboorera yebentonite, uye kunogonesa mhinduro dzekukurumidza kuburikidza nemasisitimu ekuisa makemikari otomatiki ekuboorera.
Nzvimbo Dzekuchera Matsime Dzakadzika Zvakanyanya
Kuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya zvinoreva kusvika pakadzika kupfuura mamita 5000, nezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvava kupfuura mamita 8000, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadai seTarim neSichuan Basins. Mabasa aya anosangana nematambudziko akaomarara enzvimbo dziri pasi pegomba, anoratidzwa nekumanikidzwa kwakakwirira kwekugadzirwa uye tembiricha dzinopfuura nzvimbo dzakajairwa. Izwi rekuti HPHT (High Pressure, High Temperature) rinotsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu ane kumanikidzwa kwekugadzirwa kuri pamusoro pe100 MPa uye tembiricha dzinowanzo pfuura 150°C, dzinowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakanangwa dzakadzika zvakanyanya.
Matambudziko Akasiyana Ekushanda
Kuboora munzvimbo dzakadzika zvakanyanya kunounza zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi zvinoramba zviripo:
- Kuboorwa Kwakashata:Matombo akaomarara, nzvimbo dzakapwanyika dzakaoma, uye masisitimu ekumanikidza anochinja-chinja anoda michina mitsva yekuboorera uye maturusi akasarudzika ekudonhedza pasi.
- Kuitika kwemakemikari:Maumbirwo munzvimbo idzi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakatyoka, anowanzo sangana nemakemikari nedhaka rinocherwa, zvichikonzera njodzi dzakadai sekudonha kwetsime uye kurasikirwa nemvura zvakanyanya.
- Kuvimbika kweMidziyo:Magadzirirwo akajairika ezvimedu zvemabhiti, casing, uye maturusi ekupedzisa anowanzo tambura kutsungirira mitoro yeHPHT, zvichikonzera kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakavandudzwa zvakaita setitanium alloys, zvisimbiso zvepamusoro, uye ma rigs ane simba rakawanda.
- Magadzirirwo Etsime Rakaoma:Zvirongwa zvekuvhara gomba zvine matanho akawanda zvinodiwa kugadzirisa kudzvanywa nekudziya kwemhepo uye tembiricha zvinochinja-chinja nekukurumidza muhurefu hwetsime, zvichiomesa kuchengetedzwa kwetsime.
Kuchera Matsime Akadzika Zvakanyanya
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Humbowo hwemunda hunobva kuTarim Basin hunoratidza kuti macasing ealloy anodzivirira ngura uye akasimba zvikuru akakosha pakuderedza kuputsika kwezvitubu zvemvura uye kusimbisa kugadzikana kwese. Zvisinei, zvinoshanda mune rimwe bheseni zvinogona kuda kugadziriswa kune imwe nzvimbo nekuda kwekusiyana kwenzvimbo.
Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Kukanganiswa Kwenzvimbo: Kumanikidzwa Kwakanyanya uye Kupisa Kwakanyanya
Mamiriro eHPHT anokanganisa zvese zvinoitwa pakugadzirisa maburi emvura.
- Kudzvinyirirwa kwakanyanyakukanganisa kusarudzwa kwehuremu hwevhu, kuomesa kudzora kurasikirwa kwemvura uye njodzi yekuputirwa nemhepo kana zviitiko zvekudzora matsime.
- Kukwira kwekupisazvinogona kukonzera kuora kwekupisa nekukurumidza kwemapolymers emvura inocherwa, zvichideredza kusimba uye zvichikonzera hunhu husina kunaka hwekumisikidzwa. Izvi zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwekusefa uye kusagadzikana kwemidziyo yemugodhi.
Zvinowedzerwa mumvura inocherwa nekupisa kwakanyanya, kusanganisira mapolymer epamusoro uye nanocomposites, zvave zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesefa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya. Maresini matsva uye mishonga inodzivirira munyu wakawanda iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya kuderedza kurasikirwa muzvikamu zvakatyoka uye zvinokanganisa mashandiro emuviri.
Zvinokonzera Kutarisirwa Kwemvura Inoyerera Pakuchera
Kutarisirwa kwehunhu hwemvura inocherwa nebentonite uye kusarudzwa kwezvinowedzerwa pakurasikirwa nemvura pakuchera matope kunofanirwa kutsanangura kuora uye kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa neHPHT. Zvinowedzerwa zvine simba guru, zvinosimbiswa ne automatic chemical dosing system automation uye real-time viscosity monitoring, zviri kuramba zvichidiwa.
- Kudzora rheology yedope rekubooraZvinoenderana nekushandisa masisitimu emvura anogona kuchengetedza kushushikana kwegoho, viscosity, uye kudzora kurasikirwa kwemvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeHPHT dzakanyanya.
- Kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa mukuchera matopeInoshandisa masisitimu akasimba ekuisa mishonga uye kutarisa nguva dzose, dzimwe nguva ichishandisa tekinoroji yeHTHP vibrational viscometer yekugadzirisa nguva chaiyo.
- Mhinduro dzekugadzirisa kugadzikana kwemuchinazvinoda manejimendi yemvura inoshanda uye inochinjika, uchishandisa data rinoenderera mberi kubva kuma sensors ekudzika uye ongororo yekufanotaura.
Muchidimbu, mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekuchera matsime akadzika kwazvo anoita kuti vashandi vasangane nematambudziko akasiyana uye anochinja nekukurumidza ekushanda. Kusarudzwa kwemvura, kuvandudzwa kwekuwedzera, kutarisa kusimba kwemvura inochera panguva chaiyo, uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo zvinova basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura uye mashandiro ekuchera.
Bentonite Drilling Fluids: Maumbirwo, Mashandiro, uye Matambudziko
Madhiri eBentonite anoumba musimboti wemadhaka anobva mumvura mukuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya, anokosheswa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwawo hwekuzvimba nekugadzira gel. Hunhu uhwu hunobvumira bentonite kumisa kucheka kwedhiri, kudzora kusimba kwemvura inocherwa, uye kuderedza kurasikirwa nekusefa, zvichiita kuti maburi acheneswe zvakanaka uye kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzinocherwa. Zvidimbu zvevhu zvinogadzira ma colloidal suspensions anogona kugadziriswa munzvimbo dzakati dzegomba uchishandisa pH nezvimwe zvinowedzera.
Hunhu uye Mabasa eBentonite
- Kukwanisa Kuzvimba:Bentonite inonwisa mvura, ichiwedzera huwandu hwayo hwakaoma kakawanda. Kuzvimba uku kunoita kuti zvidimbu zvikwanise kusungirirwa zvakanaka uye zvitakure tsvina pamusoro.
- Kusimba kweGel uye Viscosity:Chimiro chejeli chinopa kusimba kwakakosha, zvichidzivirira zvinhu zvakasimba kuti zvisagadzikane—chinhu chakakosha mumatambudziko emugomba.
- Kugadzirwa kweKeke reSefa:Bentonite inogadzira makeke matete, asingapindi mvura yakawanda pamadziro etsime, izvo zvinoderedza kupinda kwemvura uye zvinobatsira kudzivirira kudonha kwetsime.
- Kudzora Marwadzo:Maitiro eBentonite ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekuchekwa kwevhu ndiwo musimboti wekudzora rheology yekucherwa kwevhu pakushandiswa kwedhiraivha yepamusoro-soro.
Kusagadzikana Pasi Pemamiriro Ehutano hweHPHT
Kuboorera muzvikamu zvekupisa kwakanyanya (HPHT) kunosundira mvura dzebentonite kupfuura miganhu yekugadzirwa kwadzo:
- Kurasikirwa Kwekusefa:Kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kunoita kuti zvidimbu zvebentonite zviungane, zvichipwanya keke refirita uye kuwedzera kupinda kwemvura. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwemvura, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwekugadzirwa uye kusagadzikana kwemidziyo yemugodhi.
- Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvemuOman zvakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemakemikari zvakaderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura yeHPHT kubva pa60 ml kusvika pa10 ml, zvichiratidza kuoma uye kugona kwedambudziko iri.
- Kuungana kwemvura pamwe nekusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwemakeke efirita zvinowanzowedzerwa nekuvapo kwemunyu nemaion e divalent, zvichikonzera kudzivirirwa kwekurasikirwa nekusefa mumadhaka ekuchera.
- Kuora kwekupisa:Pamusoro pe120°C, bentonite nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvepolymer zvinoora makemikari, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekusimba kweganda uye simba regel. Acrylamide co-polymer breakdown iri pakati pe121°C ne177°C inokonzerwa nekusagona kudzora kurasikirwa nemvura uye inoda kuti iwanikwezve nguva nenguva.
- Kutarisa viscosity yemvura inocherwa panguva chaiyo, sekushandiswa kweHTHP viscometer, kwakakosha kuti uone uye utarise kuora kwekupisa panzvimbo yacho.
- Kusagadzikana kweMakemikoro:MaBentonite fluids anogona kuputsika mumaumbirwo uye mumaumbirwo kana paine HPHT yakanyanya, kunyanya kana paine maion ane simba kana pH yakanyanya. Kusagadzikana uku kunogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwemvura uye kuderedza kushanda kwematope pakuchera.
- Zvinhu zvinowedzerwa muzvinhu zvidiki uye zvinhu zvinobva mumarara (semuenzaniso, nhunzi-madota) zvinogona kusimbisa kusimba kwemvura kubva pakusagadzikana kwemakemikari.
Kubatanidzwa kweMakemikari eKupima Makemikari kuti Kuwedzere Kunongedzera Munguva Yechokwadi
Kudzora otomatiki kwemakemikari mukuchera kuri kushandura manejimendi ekurasikirwa nemvura. Masisitimu akabatanidzwa ekuisa makemikari ekuchera anogonesa otomatiki sisitimu yekuongorora makemikari. Mapuratifomu aya anoshandisa kutarisa viscosity yemvura yekuchera panguva chaiyo, inowanzo shandiswa neViscometer yeHTHP inodederakushandisa, kugadzirisa nguva dzose madhigirii ekuwedzera zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchinja mugomba.
Masisitimu akadaro:
- Idya data re sensor (density, rheology, pH, tembiricha) uye shandisa physics-based modeling yekupa dynamic fluid loss additive.
- Tsigira kushanda uri kure, usingashandise maoko, uchisunungura vashandi kuti vatarisirwe zvakanyanya ukuwo uchigadzirisa zvakanyanya zvinowedzerwa pakurasikirwa nemvura pakuchera matope.
- Deredza ngura, kukura, kurasikirwa kweropa, uye kukuvara kwekuumbwa kwemidziyo, zvese izvi zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo uye zvichideredza njodzi yekushanda kwayo.
Kushandiswa kwema "smart injection systems" mumunda kwakaratidza kuvandudzika kukuru mukugadzirisa wellbore stability, kuderedza mari yekubatsira, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura kunyangwe mumatsime eHPHT akadzika zvakanyanya. Sezvo mabasa ekuchera achinyanya kukosheswa nekudzora data panguva chaiyo, mhinduro idzi dzicharamba dzakakosha mune ramangwana rekudzora kurasikirwa kwemvura yemumadhaka uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa.
Kugadzikana kweWellbore uye Kudzivirira Kuputsika
Kudonha kweWellbor idambudziko rinoramba riripo mukucherwa kwemvura yakadzika zvakanyanya, kunyanya uko mamiriro ekucherwa kwemvura ine pressure high temperature (HPHT) anowanikwa. Kudonha kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekuwanda kwemagetsi, kusangana kwemakemikari, kana kusawirirana kwekupisa pakati pewellbor nekuumbwa kwayo. Mumawells eHPHT, kugoverwazve kwestress, kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kubva kumatubhu epasi, uye zviitiko zvekutakurwa kwemhepo kwenguva pfupi—zvakadai sekuderera kwekumanikidzwa nekukurumidza mushure mekunge packer yaparara—zvinowedzera njodzi yekukundikana kwechimiro. Njodzi idzi dzinowedzera mukugadzirwa kwematombo evhu uye mumawells anosvika kure, uko shanduko dzekushanda dzinokonzera kuchinja kukuru kwekushushikana uye kusagadzikana kwecase.
Zvinokonzera uye Migumisiro yeWellbore Collapse muHPHT Environments
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera kudonha kweropa munzvimbo dzeHPHT zvinosanganisira:
- Kutakura Zvakawandisa Kwemakanika:Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya panzvimbo, kumanikidzwa kusina kuenzana kwemaburi, uye matombo akaomarara zvinokanganisa kusimba kwenzvimbo. Kubatana kwetambo dzemaburi kunowedzera kushushikana munzvimbo, kunyanya panguva yekuboorwa kana kupunzika, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa uye kushanduka kwemadziro.
- Kusagadzikana kwekupisa uye kwemakemikari:Kuchinja-chinja kwekupisa nekukurumidza uye kushanduka kwemakemikari—sekupinda mumatope uye kunyorova—zvinoshandura simba rekuumbwa uye zvinokurumidzisa kutadza kushanda. Migumisiro yacho pamwe chete inogona kukonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwebhokisi mushure mezviitiko zvakaita sekuti packer haina kushanda.
- Maitiro Ekushanda:Kukurumidza kwekupinda kwemvura uye mutoro wenguva pfupi (semuenzaniso, kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwekumanikidzwa) kunowedzera kugoverwa kwedambudziko, zvichikonzera njodzi yekudonha kwemvura munzvimbo dzakadzika, dzinopisa.
Migumisiro yekudonha kwemvura inosanganisira kuvharwa kwemvura mumigodhi zvisina kurongwa, kuvharwa kwemapombi, kukanganiswa kwenzira kunodhura, uye simende isingashande zvakanaka. Kudonha kwemvura kunogonawo kukonzera kurasikirwa kweropa, kusabatanidzwa zvakanaka kwenzvimbo, uye kudzikira kwekushanda kwemvura mumigodhi.
Mhinduro Dzinoshanda Dzekudzikamisa Wellbore Munguva Yekuchera Nekusimbisa
Nzira dzekuderedza dambudziko iri dzakanangana nekudzora nharaunda chaiyo pamwe nekudyidzana kwemakemikari pamadziro emvura. Mhinduro dzinosanganisira:
- Uinjiniya hweMafuta ekuDrilling:Vachishandisa hunhu hwemvura yekuboora yebentonite yakagadzirirwa mamiriro eHPHT, vanoshanda vanogadzirisa huwandu hwemvura, rheology, uye maumbirwo ayo kuti vawedzere rutsigiro rwemvura. Kudzora rheology vachishandisa zvinowedzera mvura yekuboora zvemhando yepamusoro—kusanganisira zvinowedzera zve nanoparticle uye zvinoshanda zvepolymer—zvinovandudza michina yekubatanidza uye zvinovhara ma microfractures, zvichideredza kupinda kwemvura.
- Kudzora Kurasikirwa Nekusefa:Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinoderedza mvura zvinoshandisa mvura pakuboorera madhaka, zvakaita se nanocomposite plug agents, kunoderedza kupinda kwemvura uye kunodzivirira gomba. Izvi zvinoumba zvisimbiso zvinochinjika pamhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa nekumanikidzwa.
- Kutarisa Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi:Kushandiswa kweHTHP viscometer vibrational pakuchera mvura, pamwe nekutarisa viscosity yemvura yekuchera panguva chaiyo, zvinobatsira kugadzirisa nekukurumidza mukupindura matambudziko ari kuchinja emugomba. Tekinoroji yemakemikari inoongorora otomatiki inobvumira kudzora otomatiki kwemakemikari pakuchera, ichichengetedza hunhu hwakanaka hwemvura sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu achichinja.
- Kuenzanisa Kwakabatanidzwa Kwekushanda:Mamodheru epamusoro ekuverenga—anosanganisira multiphysics (semuenzaniso, kuyerera kwemvura, hydration, thermal diffusion, elasto-plastic mechanics), AI, uye maalgorithms ekudzidza ekusimbisa—anogonesa kugadzirisa mafambiro emvura uye maparamita ekuboorera. Maitiro aya anononotsa kutanga kwekusagadzikana uye anopa mhinduro dzinoshanduka dzekugadzirisa kugadzikana kwemvura.
Mukusimbisa simende, zvipingamupinyi zvishoma zvekupinda kwemvura uye zvinowedzera zvekusefa zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete nezvinoshandiswa pakubatanidza michina kusimbisa madziro emvura vasati vaisa simende. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuona kuti nzvimbo dzakadzika dzakasimba mumigodhi inopisa zvakanyanya.
Kubatana kweZvipingamupinyi Zvishoma zveKupinda uye Matanho Ekudzivirira Kurasikirwa Kwekusefa Kwepamusoro
Tekinoroji dzekudzivirira zvipembenene zvishoma uye zvinowedzera kurasikirwa nekusefa zvino zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuderedza kukuvara kwekuumbwa uye kudzivirira kuparara:
- Tekinoroji yeFluid yeUltra-Low-Invasion (ULIFT):Mvura yeULIFT inogadzira dziviriro dzinochinjika uye dzinochinjika, zvichidzora kurasikirwa kwekusefa zvinobudirira kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine musiyano mukuru wekumanikidzwa.
- Mienzaniso yeMunda:Kushandiswa kwemvura muCaspian Sea neMonagas Field kwakaratidza kudzikira kukuru kwekuyerera kweropa, kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga kwekupwanyika, uye kugara kwakasimba kwenzvimbo dzemvura panguva yekuboora nekusimbisa.
Nekugadzirisa kudzora kusvina madhaka ekuchera nekushandisa masisitimu epamusoro ekuisa mishonga yemakemikari uye manejimendi yekurapa rheology, vashandi vanowedzera kunaka kwezvitubu zvemvura uye vanoderedza njodzi huru dzinosanganisirwa nekusvina matsime akadzika zvakanyanya. Kudzivirira kudonha kwezvitubu zvemvura kunoda nzira yakakwana - kuenzanisa kudzora kwemuviri, kwemakemikari, uye kwekushanda kuti HPHT ishande zvakanaka.
Kutarisa Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi Munzvimbo Yekudonhera Pasi
Kuyedzwa kwe viscometers kwakajairika kunowanzo shandiswa pakushandisa ma viscometers anotenderera kana kuti capillary, izvo zvisingashande pakuboorwa kwemhepo ine pressure yakakwira nekuda kwezvikamu zvinofamba uye kuongororwa kwemuenzaniso kwakanonoka. Ma viscometers anotenderera eHTHP akagadzirwa kuti aongororwe zvakananga, mukati memukati me viscometer pasi pemamiriro anopfuura 600°F uye 40,000 psig. Izvi zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa uye kudzora rheology yemudhaka munzvimbo dzekuboorwa dzakadzika zvakanyanya. Anobatanidzwa zvakanaka nemapuratifomu e telemetry uye otomatiki, zvichigonesa kutarisa viscometers dzemvura yekuboorwa panguva chaiyo uye kugadzirisa nekukurumidza kurasikirwa kwemvura.
Zvinhu Zvikuru uye Nheyo dzeMashandiro eLonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer
Viscometer yeLonnmeter vibrational yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwegomba rinoyerera nguva dzose pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu eHPHT.
- Dhizaini yeSensor: Lonnmeter inoshandisa nzira yekuzunguza, ine chinhu chinorira chakanyudzwa mumvura inoboorwa. Kusavapo kwezvikamu zvinofamba zvakasangana nemvura inokwesha kunoderedza kugadziriswa uye kunoita kuti ishande zvakanaka panguva yekuiswa kwenguva refu.
- Nheyo yekuyera: Sisitimu iyi inoongorora hunhu hwekunyorovesa kwechinhu chinodedera, izvo zvinoenderana zvakananga nekusimba kwemvura. Kuyerwa kwese kunoitwa nemagetsi, zvichitsigira kuvimbika kwedata uye kumhanya kwakakosha pakugadzirisa otomatiki uye kutonga kwemakemikari.
- Nzvimbo yekushanda: Yakagadzirwa kuti ishande zvakanaka pakupisa nekumanikidzwa, Lonnmeter inogona kushanda zvakavimbika mune zvakawanda zvekuboorera zvakadzama, ichitsigira zvinowedzera zvemvura yekuboorera uye kuongorora rheological panguva chaiyo.
- Kugona Kubatanidza: Lonnmeter inoenderana ne downhole telemetry, zvichiita kuti data ritumirwe nekukurumidza kune vanoisa pamusoro pevhu. Sisitimu iyi inogona kubatanidzwa ne automation frameworks kuti itsigire automated chemical regulation mumabasa ekuboorera, kusanganisira bentonite drilling fluid additives uye wellbore stability solutions.
Kushandiswa kwemumunda kwakaratidza kugara kwenguva refu uye kunyatsorongeka kweLonnmeter, zvichideredza zvakananga njodzi dzekudzora kucherwa kwematope uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemabasa ekucherwa kwemvura inopisa zvakanyanya. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona ruzivo rwakadzama.Kuongorora kweLonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer.
Mabhenefiti eViscometers dzeVibrational Pamwe neMatekiniki Ekuyera Echinyakare
Ma viscometer anodzungudza muviri anopa mabhenefiti akajeka uye anoenderana nebasa remuviri:
- Kuyera Mukati, Nguva Yechokwadi: Kufamba kwedata nguva dzose pasina kutora sampuro nemaoko kunobvumira sarudzo dzekushanda nekukurumidza, chinhu chakakosha pakuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya uye matambudziko enzvimbo yekudonhedza makomba.
- Kugadziriswa Kushoma: Kusavapo kwezvikamu zvinofamba kunoderedza kupera, kunyanya kukosha mumatope anokwesha kana ane tunhu twakawanda.
- Kutsungirira Kugadzirisa Ruzha: Zvishandiso izvi hazvikuvadzi kudengenyeka uye kuchinja-chinja kwemvura kunowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinocherwa.
- Kuchinja-chinja Kwakanyanya: Mamodheru anodzungudza anobata nekusimba kwakakura uye haakanganisike nehuwandu hushoma hwesampuro, achigadzirisa otomatiki makemikari uye kudzora rheology yemudhaka.
- Inobatsira Kugadzira Maitiro: Kubatanidzwa kwakagadzirirwa nekushandisa otomatiki kwemakemikari uye mapuratifomu ekuongorora epamusoro ekugadzirisa zvinowedzerwa pakurasikirwa nemvura pakuchera matope.
Zvichienzaniswa nema viscometer anotenderera, mhinduro dzinotenderera dzinopa kushanda kwakasimba pasi pemamiriro eHPHT uye mukutarisa nguva chaiyo uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa. Zvidzidzo zvemuenzaniso we clay slip nekuchera zvinoratidza kudzikira kwenguva yekushanda uye kudzora kwakarurama kwekusefa madhaka ekuchera, zvichiisa ma viscometer anotenderera semhinduro dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa kugadzikana kwemvura yakadzika uye kuchera kwakadzika zvakanyanya.
Kubatanidzwa kweAutomatic Regulation uye Chemical Dosing Systems
Kudzora otomatiki kweZvinhu zveDrilling Fluid Uchishandisa Mhinduro yeSensor Yenguva Yechokwadi
Masisitimu ekutarisa aripo panguva chaiyo anoshandisa masensa epamusoro, akadai semapipe viscometers uye maCouette viscometers anotenderera, kuti arambe achiongorora hunhu hwemvura inocherwa, kusanganisira viscosity uye yield point. Masensa aya anobata data panguva yakawanda, zvichigonesa mhinduro nekukurumidza pane zvakakosha pakucherwa kwemvura yakadzika zvakanyanya, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine pressure high temperature (HPHT). Masisitimu epipe viscometer, akabatanidzwa nema signal processing algorithms senge empirical mode decomposition, anoderedza kupindirana kwepulsation - dambudziko rinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzine downhole - kupa zviyero zvakarurama zve rheology yemvura inocherwa kunyangwe panguva yekukanganiswa kwakanyanya kwekushanda. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kugadzikana kwe wellbore uye kudzivirira kudonha panguva yekushanda kwekuchera.
Kushandiswa kwe automated fluid monitoring (AFM) kunobvumira vashandi kuona nekuita zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvakaita sekudonha kwebarite, kurasikirwa nemvura, kana kudonha kweviscosity nekukurumidza kupfuura bvunzo dzemaoko kana dzemurabhoritari. Semuenzaniso, kuverenga kweMarsh funnel, pamwe chete nemasvomhu, kunogona kupa kuongororwa kweviscosity nekukurumidza kunotsigira sarudzo dzevashandi. Mumatsime emvura yakadzika uye eHPHT, otomatiki real-time monitoring yakaderedza zvakanyanya nguva isingabudiriri uye yakadzivirira zviitiko zvekusagadzikana kwewellbore nekuona kuti zvinhu zve drilling fluid zvinoramba zviri mukati memazinga akakodzera.
Masisitimu Ekuyedza Kemikari Akavharika Ekugadzirisa Kuwedzerwa Kwekuwedzera
Masisitimu ekuyera makemikari akavharwa anoisa otomatiki zvinhu zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura pamatope ekuboorera, rheology modifiers, kana zvinhu zvinosimudzira kubhoorera mvura zvichipindura mhinduro dzemasensa. Masisitimu aya anoshandisa nonlinear feedback loops kana mitemo yekudzora isingatarisirwi, makemikari anoyera panguva dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro aripo emvura yekuboorera. Semuenzaniso, chiitiko chekurasikirwa kwemvura chinoonekwa nemasensa arrays chinogona kukonzera kuiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa, zvakaita se bentonite drilling fluid additives kana high temperature drilling fluid additives, kuti adzorere kudzora kurasikirwa kwemvura uye kuchengetedza wellbore integrity.
Kuchengetedza Magadzirirwo Akanaka Ekudzivirira Kusviba uye Kurasikirwa Nemvura Kuti Uvandudze Kuchengetedzeka
Masisitimu ekuongorora nekushandisa otomatiki anoshanda pamwe chete kudzora rheology yekuchera mud uye kudzora kurasikirwa kwemvura munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemugomba. Kutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo, uchishandisa tekinoroji yeHTHP vibration viscometer, kunoita kuti zvidimbu zvirambe zvakamiswa uye kumanikidzwa kweannular kudzorwa, zvichideredza njodzi yekudonha kwetsime. Masisitimu ekugadzira makemikari otomatiki ekuchera anopa huwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu zvinowedzerwa pakurasikirwa kwemvura uye zvinodzora rheology, zvichichengetedza kudzora kusefa uye kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura kusingadiwe kana kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwemvura.
Zvinowedzerwa Zvakasimba uye Kunzwisisa Zvakatipoteredza
Zvekuwedzera zveBentonite Drilling Fluid zveUltra Deep Well Drilling
Kuchera mumatsime akadzika zvakanyanya kunoisa mvura mumatambudziko akanyanya emugomba, kusanganisira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kupisa kwakanyanya (HPHT). Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakuchera bentonite zvinowanzo pwanyika, zvichikonzera kudonha kwetsime uye kurasikirwa nekufamba kweropa. Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvinoratidza kukosha kwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita sepolymer nanocomposites (PNCs), zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nenanoclay, uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa nebio-based. PNCs dzinopa kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa uye kudzora rheology, kunyanya zvakakosha pakutarisa viscosity yemvura yekuchera munguva chaiyo kuburikidza neHTHP vibrational viscometer systems. Semuenzaniso, Rhizophora spp. tannin-lignosulfonate (RTLS) inoratidza kukwikwidzana kwekurasikirwa kwemvura uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa uku ichichengetedza nharaunda, zvichiita kuti ishande otomatiki mukugadzirisa makemikari mukuchera uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwetsime.
Zvinowedzera Zvinokanganisa Kugarika: Kuora Kwezvinhu Zvakatipoteredza uye Kusimba Kwenzvimbo
Kugara kwenguva refu mukugadzira madhiri emvura kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza nharaunda uye zvinokanganisa nharaunda. Zvigadzirwa zvinoora—zvinosanganisira hupfu hwenzungu, RTLS, uye zvinhu zvinogadzira biopolymer zvakaita seGum Arabic nesawdust—zviri kutsiva makemikari echinyakare ane chepfu. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakadaro zvinopa:
- Kukanganiswa kwakaderera kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichitsigira kutevedzera mitemo
- Kuvandudzwa kwema profiles ekuora kwezvinhu zvipenyu, zvichideredza kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo yehupenyu mushure mekuboora
- Kudzora kurasikirwa nemvura kwakaenzana kana kwepamusoro uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa, kuvandudza kuchera matope uye kuderedza kukuvara kwekuumbwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvinogadziriswa zvinoora zvine hungwaru zvinopindura kune zvinokonzeresa maburi (semuenzaniso, tembiricha, pH), zvichigadzirisa hunhu hwemvura kuti zviwedzere kudzora kusvina madhaka uye kuchengetedza hunhu hwemugodhi. Mienzaniso yakaita sepotassium sorbate, citrate, uye bicarbonate inopa kudzivirira shale zvinobudirira uye kuderedza chepfu.
Zvikamu zvidiki zveBiopolymer, kana zvikatariswa uye zvikaongororwa uchishandisa masisitimu ega uye kutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo, zvinowedzera kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda uye kuderedza njodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Zvidzidzo zveEmpirical uye Modelling zvinogara zvichiona kuti eco-additives yakagadzirwa zvakanaka inoita kuti mashandiro ehunyanzvi ashande pasina kukanganisa kuora kwebiogradation, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu eHPHT. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuwedzerwa kwemvura yekuboora yepamusoro kugutse zvinodiwa pakushanda uye zvakatipoteredza zvekuboora matsime akadzika zvakanyanya.
Matanho Ekudzivirira Kubuda Kwemvura Uye Kudzora Kutyoka Kwemapundu
Zvipingamupinyi Zvishoma zveKupinda Munzvimbo Dzinoyerera Mvura
Kuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya kunosangana nematambudziko makuru emumakomba, kunyanya muzvikamu zvine kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye ivhu rinoita shanduko. Zvipingamupinyi zvisingapindi mvura zvinoumba mhinduro yepamberi yekuderedza kupinda kwemvura inochera uye kudzivirira kutamiswa kwedzvinyiriro kuenda muzvikamu zvisina kusimba.
- Tekinoroji yeFluid yeUltra-Low-Invasion (ULIFT):Mvura yeULIFT ine zvidziviriro zvinochinjika mukati mematope ekuchera, zvichideredza kupinda kwemvura uye kutamiswa kwetsvina. Iyi tekinoroji yakabudirira muMonagas Field, Venezuela, ichigonesa kuchera munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera uye kukuvara kwakaderera uye kugadzikana kwemidziyo yemugodhi kwakavandudzwa. Mafomu eULIFT anoenderana nemasisitimu emvura, emafuta, uye ekugadzira, zvichipa kushandiswa kwakazara mumabasa emazuva ano ekuchera.
- Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zveNanomaterial:Zvigadzirwa zvakaita seBaraHib® Nano neBaraSeal™-957 zvinoshandisa nanoparticles kuvhara ma micro- ne nanopores uye fractures mukati me claystone ne shale formations. Izvi zvinovhara nzira diki kusvika kuma microns makumi maviri, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwakaderera uye zvinovandudza mashandiro e casing. Zvipingamupinyi zve nanotech zvakaratidza kushanda kwakanaka mu reactive formations zvakanyanya, zvakadzika zvakanyanya, zvichideredza kuyerera kwemvura zvinobudirira kupfuura zvinhu zvemazuva ese.
- Mabhodhoro Ekushandisa Bentonite:Kuzvimba kweBentonite uye kugona kwayo kunokonzera kuyerera kwemvura kunobatsira kuti keke remadhaka rirege kupinda zvakanyanya. Chicherwa ichi chechisikigo chinovhara huro dzemaburi uye chinoita sefa chaiyo iri pedyo neburi remvura, zvichideredza kupinda kwemvura, zvichivandudza kusungirirwa kwezvidimbu, uye zvichitsigira kugadzikana kweburi remvura. Bentonite inoramba iri chinhu chikuru chevhu rinocherwa nemvura kuti ridzore mvura.
Zvimwe zvekuwedzera zvekuvhara mapfupa akakonzerwa uye asati avapo
Kuvhara kukuvara kwakakosha munzvimbo dzakadzika uye dzine pressure yakanyanya, uko kukuvara kwakakonzerwa, kwechisikigo, uye kwakambovapo kare kunotyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakadzika.
- Zvimwe zveResin Zvinodzivirira Kupisa Kwakanyanya uye Zvinodzivirira Kumanikidzwa Kwakanyanya:Mapolymers ekugadzira akagadzirwa kuti akwanise kushanda zvakanyanya anozadza ma microfractures nema macro-fractures zvakafanana. Kuyera saizi yema particles nemazvo kunowedzera kugona kwawo kuvharika, nema multi-stage resin plugs anoshanda zvakanaka pakurwisa kupwanyika kwega kwega uye kwakasanganiswa murabhoritari nemumunda.
- Zvisimbiso zveWellbore:Zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvakaita seBaraSeal™-957 target microfractures (20–150 µm) mumashales asina kusimba. Izvi zvinosimbisa nzira dzekutyoka, zvichideredza nguva yekushanda uye zvichibatsira zvikuru pakugadzikana kwese kwese kwemidziyo.
- Matekinoroji Ekusimba Akavakirwa paGel:Majeli akagadzirwa nemafuta, kusanganisira mafuta ane mafuta emuorivhi uye epoxy resin, akagadzirirwa kuvharwa kukuru. Simba rawo rekudzvanya uye nguva yekukora inogadziriswa inopa zvisimbiso zvakasimba, kunyangwe kana zvasvibiswa nemvura yekuumbwa - zvakanakira mamiriro ekubuda kwemvura zvakanyanya.
- Kugadzirisa Particles uye Proppant:Zvinhu zvakasimba zvekubatanidza kwenguva pfupi, zvimedu zvinonamira, uye mapulagi ane calcite anoshandiswa kuti akwanise kupatsanuka zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nekugadzira kwekuyedza kwe orthogonal uye masvomhu. Kuongorora kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvimedu ne laser kunoita kuti pave nekugadziriswa kwakarurama, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura inoboorwa munzvimbo dzakatyoka.
Maitiro ekuwedzera kurasikirwa nemvura mukudzivirira kurasikirwa nemafuta
Zvinowedzerwa pakurasikirwa nemvura pakuchera matope ndizvo zvakakosha pakudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa mukuchera matope panguva yekucherwa kwemvura inopisa. Basa razvo rakakosha pakuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura yekuchera bentonite, rheology yematope, uye kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzemvura.
- Magnesium Bromide Completion Fluids:Mvura idzi dzakagadzirwa neinjiniya dzinochengetedza hunhu hwe rheological mukuchera kweHPHT, dzichitsigira simende inoshanda uye dzinoderedza kupinda kwemvura muzvikamu zvinonzwa.
- Mvura Dzekudhonza Dzinowedzerwa Nezvinhu Zvishoma:Zvidimbu zvidiki zve nanoparticles zvinogara kwenguva refu uye lignites dzakagadziriswa organic zvinodzora kurasikirwa kwemvura pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha. Zvipingamupinyi zvitsva zve nanostructured zvinokunda mapolymers echinyakare uye lignites, zvichichengetedza viscosity inodiwa uye hunhu hwekusefa mumamiriro ekushanda akakwirira.
- Zvinowedzera Kusapfeka Zvinobva kuPhosphorus:Izvi zvinowedzerwa, kusanganisira ANAP, zvinoisa chemisorb pamusoro pesimbi mukati metambo yekuboorera, zvichigadzira ma tribofilms anoderedza kupera kwemuchina uye anotsigira kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwegonyeti—zvikuru zvakakosha pakudzivirira kuputsika panguva yekuboorera gonye kwakadzika zvakanyanya.
Kutarisa Kwenguva Yechokwadi uye Kugadzirisa Dosage Yekuwedzera
Kutarisa kwemhando yepamusoro kwe viscosity yemvura inocherwa panguva chaiyo uye masisitimu ekugadzira makemikari otomatiki ari kuwedzera kukosha mukutonga kurasikirwa kwemvura inocherwa munzvimbo dzakadzika kwazvo dzeHPHT.
- Masisitimu Ekutarisa Mvura Akavakirwa paFPGA:FlowPrecision nedzimwe tekinoroji dzakafanana dzinoshandisa neural networks uye hardware soft sensors kuti dzirambe dzichitevera kurasikirwa kwemvura panguva chaiyo. Linear quantization uye edge computing zvinogonesa kufungidzira kwekuyerera nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama, izvo zvinotsigira otomatiki response systems.
- Kudzidza Kusimbisa (RL) kweKupima Mvura:Maalgorithms eRL, akadai seQ-learning, anogadzirisa mwero wekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvichienderana nemhinduro dzinobva ku sensor, zvichiita kuti kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu kushande zvakanaka pakati pekusava nechokwadi kwekushanda. Kugadziriswa kwehurongwa hwekugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu kuburikidza ne makemikari kunowedzera zvakanyanya kuderedza kurasikirwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu uye kudzora kusefa pasina chikonzero chekugadzirisa hurongwa hwezvinhu.
- Nzira dzeMulti-Sensor uye Data Fusion:Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinopfekwa, masensa akaiswa mukati, uye magaba akangwara kunobvumira kuyerwa kwakasimba uye panguva chaiyo kwehunhu hwemvura inocherwa. Kubatanidza dataseti akasiyana-siyana kunowedzera kuvimbika kwekuyera, zvakakosha pakudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa uye kudzora kugadzirisa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekucherwa ane njodzi huru.
Nekubatanidza matekinoroji epamusoro ekudzivirira kupinda kwemvura munzvimbo dzisina kudzika, masisitimu ekuwedzera akagadzirwa, uye kutarisa panguva chaiyo, mabasa ekuchera matsime akadzika kwazvo anosangana nematambudziko akaomarara enzvimbo inoburukira pasi - kuchengetedza kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura munzvimbo dzine mvura, kudzora rheology uye viscosity, uye kuchera kwakasimba uye kwakachengeteka kuburikidza nematangi akaomarara.
Kuvandudza Kushanda Kwebasa Remumba Kuburikidza Nekutarisa Kwakabatana uye Kutonga
Kugara uchigadzirisa zvinhu mukuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya kunoda kubatanidzwa kwakanaka kwekutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo, kudzorwa kwemakemikari otomatiki, uye manejimendi yepamusoro yekuwedzera. Zvinhu izvi zvakakosha pakugadzirisa kugadzikana kwemidziyo yemugodhi pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya (HPHT).
Bentonite Drilling Fluid
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Kugadzirwa kweTekinoroji uye Nzira Dzekushandisa
Kutarisa Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi
Ma viscometer eHTHP anodzungudza anoshandisa vibration uye robust magnetic coupling kuti ape ruzivo rwakarurama uye runogara ruchienderera mberi mu rheology yemugodhi wekuchera, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzinopfuura 40,000 psig uye 600°F. Ma sensor aya anonyatsoongorora kushanduka kwe viscosity kunokonzerwa netembiricha, kumanikidzwa, kusvibiswa, uye kuyerwa kwemakemikari, zvichipa simba kune vanoshanda kugadzirisa hunhu hwemvura yekuchera nekukasika. Ongororo dzemunda dzinosimbisa kuti viscometer yekudzungudza mvura yekuchera inogona kuenzana kana kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare dzemurabhoritari painoshanda mumatsime akadzika kwazvo, kunyanya akakosha kune hunhu hwemvura yekuchera yebentonite uye matambudziko enzvimbo iri pasi pegomba.
Masisitimu Ekutonga Otomatiki
Kushanda kwemagetsi kwakavharika kunobatanidza mhinduro dze sensor kubva ku real-time drilling fluid viscosity monitoring ne smart chemical dosing system automation. Masisitimu aya anotonga otomatiki rheological additives—kugadzirisa mud viscosity, density, uye lubricity—nekuisa dosing fluid loss additives dzekuchera mud kana advanced drilling fluid additives sezvinodiwa. Mapuratifomu ekudzidza emuchina anopa simba rekugadzirisa, achishandisa live data streams kufanotaura mafambiro e viscosity uye kukurudzira mhinduro dze dosing. Iyi nzira inoderedza matambudziko ekudzora kurasikirwa kwemvura yekuchera mud uye inotsigira mhinduro dzinoshanduka kune shanduko dzekugadzirwa uye bit wear.
Kutarisira Kuwedzera Kwemadhaka Akavakirwa paBentonite
Kusarudzwa kwezvinowedzera zvine hungwaru kunoita kuti pave nekudzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa mumadhaka ekuchera uye kunotsigira kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura munzvimbo dziri mugodhi. Zvinhu zvine hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza zvakaita sehupfu hwemandarin peel zvinobudirira semishonga inodzivirira shale, zvichideredza kuzvimba kwepellet uye kurasikirwa nemvura. Lignosulfonates nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa kubva musilicon zvinobva mumarara emaindasitiri zvinowedzera kuvandudza mashandiro ezvinowedzera zvemvura yekuchera bentonite, zvichipa mabhenefiti mu rheology yedhaka uye kukanganisa nharaunda. Kudzora nekungwarira kwemuyero kuburikidza nemasisitimu ekuisa mishonga yemakemikari kuti pave nemitengo yekuenzanisa kuchera, kutevedzera nharaunda, uye kushanda zvakanaka mukutarisira zvinowedzera zvemvura yekuchera tembiricha yakakwira.
Kuenderera mberi Kwekugadzirisa Kushanda muHPHT Drilling
Kugadzira nzira yekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu eHPHT kunobva pahunyanzvi hwakabatanidzwa uhu:
Kushandiswa kweHTHP Vibrational Viscometers:
- Isa masensa pamusoro nepaburi, uchiita kuti nzira dzemvura dzifukidzwe.
- Gadzirisai panguva yakatarwa, muchishandisa maalgorithms akangwara ekubvisa ruzha rwedata uye kuongorora kudzoka kwedata.
Kuwanikwa kweData uye Kuenzanisa kweRheology:
- Unganidza ruzivo rwe rheological panguva chaiyo, uchifunga nezvematambudziko enzvimbo yemuno.
- Shandisa machine learning kugadzira mamodheru ekufanotaura maitiro ematope uye njodzi dzekugadzikana kwenzvimbo.
Mutemo weLoop Yakavharika uye Kuwedzerwa kweDosing:
- Shandisai mutemo wemakemikari unogadziriswa ne sensor-triggered mukuchera kuti mugadzirise zvinowedzerwa pakurasikirwa nemvura, zvinodzivirira ganda, uye zvinosimbisa ganda.
- Chinangwa ndechekugadzirisa rheology yekucherwa kwematope uye kushanda zvakanaka kweropa uchishandisa mhinduro kubva kumasisitimu eviscometer.
Kutarisira Kuwedzera uye Kudzora Kusefa:
- Sarudza uye gadzira otomatiki huwandu hwezvinhu zvinowedzerwa pakuboorwa kwemvura inodziya uye zvinodzivirira kurasikirwa nekusefa.
- Shandisai zvinhu zvinoderedza marara emvura zvisina njodzi pakuchera matope, zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvemutemo uye zvekushanda.
Kuburitswa Kwemishumo Yakabatanidzwa uye Kugadzirisa:
- Maitiro ekutarisa nguva dzose anopa magwaro ekugadzirisa akajeka uye anoteverwa.
- Batanidza ruzivo rwekushanda nekuchinja kwemvura yekuboorera kuti utsigire kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza uye kuongorora mashandiro.
Kushanda pamwe chete pakati pekutarisa, kurongedza, uye manejimendi ekuwedzera kwakakosha pakukunda matambudziko eHPHT nekuvandudza mashandiro emidziyo. Masisitimu otomatiki, nzira dzakangwara dzekuwedzera, uye masensa ekuona nguva chaiyo zvinopa hungwaru hunodiwa pakushanda zvakanaka mukuchera kwazvino uno kwakadzika zvakanyanya.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
1. Chii chinoita kuti kuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya kuve kwakaoma pakutarisira mvura yekuchera?
Kuchera matsime akadzika zvakanyanya kunoisa mvura munzvimbo dzakadzika dzemvura. Kupisa nekumanikidzwa mumatsime eHPHT kunodarika zvakanyanya zviri mukuchera kwekare. Mamiriro aya anokurumidza kuora kwemvura, anowedzera kurasikirwa nekusefa, uye anowedzera njodzi dzekusagadzikana kwemvura. Matope ekuchera akajairika anogona kuputsika nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti kudzora rheology uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nemvura kuve kwakaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvekudzora kubuda kwemvura zvinowanzokundikana kumira pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kweHPHT, zvichikonzera kupinda kwemvura kusingadzoreki uye njodzi dzekudonha. Saka masisitimu ematope akasarudzika nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvinodiwa kuchengetedza kushanda uye kurongeka munzvimbo idzi.
2. Zvinowedzerwa pakuchera bentonite zvinovandudza sei mashandiro ematsime ane simba rakawanda uye anodziya zvakanyanya?
Zvekuwedzera zveBentonite drilling fluid zvinobatsira kuchengetedza viscosity uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura munzvimbo dzeHPHT. Mafomula ebentonite akavandudzwa, anosanganisira nano-silica kana bio-based compounds seRTLS, anochengetedza rheology yemvura yakagadzikana pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha, zvichidzivirira kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwekusefa uye zvinotsigira kugadzikana kwewellbore. Zvinowedzera zvakaita sehenna kana hibiscus leaf extracts zvinobatsirawo mukugadzikana kweviscosity uye kuvandudza kudzora kusefa, zvichipa mhinduro dzinogara kwenguva refu dzekuchera tembiricha yakakwira. Aya madhaka ebentonite akagadziridzwa anogonesa kunyorovesa kwakavimbika uye kucheka kunotakurwa, zvichideredza zvikuru njodzi yekudonha kwewellbore mumatsime eHPHT.
3. Chii chinonzi Real-time viscosity monitoring uye nei ichikosha?
Kutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo kunoshandisa michina yekuyera inoenderera mberi, senge HTHP kana Lonnmeter viscometers, kuyera hunhu hwemvura zvakananga parig. Iyi nzira inobvisa kunonoka kunokonzerwa nekutora sampuro nekuongorora nemaoko. Nekupa data renguva pfupi, masisitimu aya anobvumira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza pakucherwa kwevhu, zvichiita kuti rheology ive yakanaka uye kudzivirira matambudziko akadai se barite sag kana kurasikirwa kwemvura kwakanyanya. Kuvandudzika mukushanda zvakanaka, wellbore integrity yakawedzerwa, uye nguva shoma isingabudiriri yakashumwa apo automated rheological monitoring inoshandiswa.
4. Sisitimu yekuongorora makemikari ine mutemo we otomatiki inoshanda sei panguva yekuboora?
Masisitimu ekuongorora makemikari otomatiki anoshandisa ma controller emakombiyuta uye mhinduro dzema sensor kuti atarisire kemikari yemvura inocherwa. Ma sensors enguva chaiyo anoramba achishuma hunhu hwemvura yakadai sekupenya uye chiyero chekusefa. Sisitimu iyi inodudzira masaini aya uye inoisa zvinowedzera (senge zvinogadzirisa kurasikirwa kwemvura kana rheology modifiers) pamitengo yakatarwa kuti ichengetedze hunhu hwemvura inocherwa. Kudzora kwakavharika kunobvisa kudiwa kwekupindira nguva dzose nemaoko, kunovandudza kugadzikana kwemvura, uye kunogonesa kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuchinja kwemvura. Ma framework epamusoro anoshandisa AI neIndustry 4.0 anobatanidza dosing ne drilling automation, achibata nemazvo masisitimu akaomarara emvura panguva yekushanda kweHPHT kana fracturing.
5. Zvinowedzerwa pakusefa zvinobatsira sei kudzivirira kudonha kwegomarara remugodhi?
Zvinowedzerwa pakusefa zvinoderedza kupinda kwemvura inocherwa mugomba nekubatsira kugadzira makeke akatetepa uye akasimba ekusefa. Mumatsime eHPHT, nano-sealants (semuenzaniso, nano-silica ine mapolymers) kana mishonga yakacheneswa nebiomass inoshanda zvakanyanya - inovandudza kusimba kwekeke rekusefa uye inochengetedza kuenzana kwekumanikidzwa pamadziro eborehole. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekudonha kweborehole nekudzivirira kubva pakuderera kwekumanikidzwa uye kuputsika kwemuviri. Mhedzisiro yemunda kubva kuminda yakakura uye yakatyoka inosimbisa basa rezvinowedzera izvi zvepamusoro mukugadzikana kweborehole uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwekusefa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara eHPHT.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-04-2025
