Kudzora Kupenya Mukudzoka Kwemafuta Anorema
Kugadzirwa kwemafuta akawanda kunotarisana nedambudziko guru—kusviba. Kugadzikana kwakakora kwemafuta akawanda, kwakaita setara, kunoderedza kufamba kwawo kuburikidza nematangi, zvichikanganisa kuyerera kwemafuta achipinda mumatsime uye zvichiwedzera njodzi yekuvharika kwepombi. Kusviba kwakanyanya kunobva muchimiro chakaoma chemafuta, nezvikamu zvakaita seasphaltenes nemaresins zvichiita basa rakakosha. Kunyangwe makemikari aripo muhuwandu hwakaderera anogona kuwedzera kusviba zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekuunganidzwa kwenanoscale, zvichiita kuti kufanotaura uye kudzora hunhu uhwu kuve kwakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka uye nzira dzekudzoreredza mafuta.
Nzira dzekudzoreredza mafuta ekupisa—kusanganisira steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), uye steam flooding—dzinova dzakakosha muminda yemafuta ane mafuta akawanda. Maitiro aya anopinza steam kuti iwedzere tembiricha yemudura, ideredze viscosity yemafuta, uye inokurudzira kuyerera kwemvura. Kuderedza viscosity kunoshanda kwakabatana zvakananga nekushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta: sezvo steam ichipisa mafuta, viscosity yakaderera inoita kuti ifambe yakasununguka ichienda kumatsime ekugadzira, ichivandudza goho uku ichideredza simba nekushandiswa kwemvura. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kusanganisa steam nemakemikari, senge solvents kana surfactants, kunowedzera izvi—kuderedza huwandu hwe steam inodiwa uye kuwedzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwe steam.
Kudzora kusviba hakungogumiri pahuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemafuta chete asiwo kunotsigira zvinangwa zvehupfumi nezvakatipoteredza. Kugadzirisa kupinza kwemafuta anorema (kuburikidza nekupisa kwakanyatsogadziriswa, kumanikidzwa, uye huwandu hwemajekiseni) kunoderedza mari yekushandisa uye kuburitsa magasi anodziya pasi. Matekiniki epamusoro-soro—akadai sekubatanidza zvinonyungudutsa, kana kushandisa wellhead emulsifiers—zvinomiririra nzira dzakavandudzwa dzekudzoreredza mafuta dzakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemafuta zvakanyanya uye kushanda kwekudzorera.
Kana mafuta angoshandiswa, kuchengetedza kuyerera kwakasimba panguva yekutakura kuenda pamusoro uye kuburikidza nemapaipi kunova kwakakosha. Pano, maitiro ekubatanidza mafuta anotanga kushanda, achishandisa ma emulsifiers kushandura mafuta anorema akakora kuita ma emulsions emafuta mumvura. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekuvharika kwepaipi uye zvinotsigira kuyerera kwakapfava, kusingadzoreki kunodiwa kuti pagadzirwe nguva dzose. Zvisinei, kuwana kugadzikana kwakakwana mukuyerera kwemafuta akaomeswa chinhu chinoyera. Kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwe emulsion, kunowanzo konzerwa ne emulsifier dosage yakagadzirwa kana natural surfactants (semuenzaniso, asphaltenes, fatty acids), kunoderedza zvakanyanya viscosity—kusvika 88% muzvidzidzo zvinodzorwa—ukuwo zvichichengetedza kuvimbiswa kwekuyerera kwenguva inosvika maawa makumi mana nemasere.
Asi nzira imwe chete yekudzikamisa mafambiro inogona kuomesa maitiro ekuparadzanisa mafuta kana ikasatarisirwa zvakanaka. Nokudaro, kudzora viscosity muchimiro chekuvandudzwa kwemafuta hakusi kungotaura nezvekuita kuti mafuta anorema afambe zvakanaka chete—kune chekuita nekuchengetedza musanganiswa mukati mewindo rekutarisa rekuyerera, kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwakasimba, kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwepaipi, uye pakupedzisira, kunatsa sisitimu yekugadzira kuti ishande zvakanaka. Kubatana kwe emulsification ne demulsification, pamwe chete ne viscosity inotariswa zvakanaka, inoumba musimboti wemabhenefiti emazuva ano ekupinza mafuta anorema uye kuvimbika kwekushanda.
Kupinza Steam muKupora kweHeavy Oil Thermal
*
Kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta anorema uye miganhu yayo
Tsanangudzo uye Nheyo dzeKudzoreredza Mafuta eThermal
Kudzoreredza mafuta ekupisa inzira yekuwedzera kudzoreredza mafuta (EOR) yakagadzirirwa kugadzira mafuta anorema nekupinza kupisa mumatangi emvura kuderedza kusimba kwemafuta. Nzira huru dzinosanganisira kupinza mafuta anorema mumafuta anorema, uko simba rekupisa rinoputsa mahydrocarbon akaomarara, ane mamorekuru akawanda, zvichiita kuti ayerere zvakasununguka. Nzira dzakajairika dzekupisa dzeEOR dzinosanganisira kufashamira kwemhepo, cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), uye steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). Maitiro ese anotarisa kuramba kwemafuta kuyerera uye anoshandisa kupisa kuunganidza mahydrocarbon akavharirwa. Kuderedza kusimba ndiyo musimboti mukuru—kupisa kunokanganisa mamorekuru, kuderedza kusimba, uye kuwedzera kufamba kwemafuta. Nzira idzi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yemafuta anorema uko kugadzirwa kwechando kusingagoneki nekuda kwekusimba kwemafuta akawanda.
Kubaya Nemhepo Mumafuta Anorema: Zvinangwa Nezvipingamupinyi Zvekushanda
Kupinza mafuta nemhepo kunovavarira kuderedza kukora kwemafuta, kuvandudza kufamba kwawo uye kuita kuti abudiswe nyore. Semuenzaniso, kufashamira kwemhepo kunounza mweya unoramba uchiuya mudura, zvichiendesa mafuta kunzvimbo dzekugadzira. CSS inotenderera pakati pekupinza mafuta nemhepo, chikamu chekunyorovesa, uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta, zvichibvumira kudziyisa nekufambisa mafuta kakawanda. SAGD inoshandisa matsime maviri akatambarara—mweya unopinzwa nepatsime repamusoro, uye mafuta anounganidzwa kubva kune rezasi, achishandisa simba regiravhiti kubatsira kuyerera.
Zvipingamupinyi zvekushanda pakupinza steam zvinosanganisira:
- Hunhu hweSteam: Kuderedza kusimba kwemafuta zvinobudirira uye kuunganidzwa kwemafuta zvinoenderana nekuchengetedza mhando yepamusoro yeutsi (chiyero cheutsi kune mvura iri muutsi).
- Jekiseni Rate uye Kumanikidzwa: Kuwanda kwemhepo inopfungaira kana kumanikidzwa kunogona kukonzera kutenderera kwenzira, kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemhepo, uye kuwedzera njodzi dzekushanda.
- Kugara Pamwe Chete: Kugara pakati penzvimbo kwakakodzera kunoita kuti kupisa kupararire zvakaenzana—pedyo zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekupisa uye kukanganiswa; kure zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kudzoserwa kwemafuta zvakanaka.
- Kusiyana kweDziva: Kuisa zvidimbu, kutsemuka, uye kupindira kwakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti kupararira kweutsi kusaenzana uye nzvimbo dzinopisa.
- Zvinonetsa Nezvezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzeka: Kudiwa kwesimba rakawanda pakugadzira mhute kunokonzera kuburitswa kweCO₂ uye kudiwa kukuru kwemvura. Dziviriro dzinodiwa pakubata nekushanda kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa.
Pakushanda, kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita sehunhu hwemutsi mumatsime epamusoro neapasi, kugadzirisa simba remutsi, uye kugadzirisa nguva yekupisa isati yatanga zvakakosha kuti pave nekushanda zvakanaka. Kugadzira maproxy modelling uye ma adaptive control systems anogona kuongorora nekugadzirisa ma parameter emutsi ematangi chaiwo, zvichiita kuti pave nekuenzanisa kwakakwana pakati pekugadzirwa kwemafuta nemari yekushanda.
Zviyero Zvikuru Zvekushanda: Kushandiswa Kwemhepo, Kushanda Zvakanaka Pakudzoreredza Mafuta, Kugadzikana Kwekuyerera
Zviyero zvitatu zvakakosha zvinoyera kubudirira kwekudzoreredzwa kwemafuta ekupisa:
- Chiyero cheSteam-to-Oil (SOR): SOR huwandu hwemutsi (hunowanzo mumabhare kana matani) hunodiwa kugadzira bhare rimwe remafuta. Kuderera kweSOR kunoratidza kushanda zvakanaka uye kushandiswa kwemutsi kushoma. Semuenzaniso, matekiniki epamusoro akadai sekugadzira steam zvakananga uye flue gas co-injection anogona kusundira SOR pasi pe1.0, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kukanganisa nharaunda nemari yekushandisa.
- Kushanda Nesimba Pakudzoreredza Mafuta: Kushanda zvakanaka kunoreva huwandu hwemafuta anobviswa zvichienzaniswa nemafuta ekutanga aripo. Kugadziriswa kwekugadzirwa kwetsime, maparamita emhepo, uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro anobatsirwa nesurfactant kana catalyst zvinogona kuwedzera kudzoreredzwa kwemvura. Mhedzisiro yemumunda neyemurabhoritari inosimbisa kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwemafuta nenzira dzakadai semvura inofashaidzwa zvakanaka, SAGD, uye zvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvemakemikari zvinoderedza kusimba kwemafuta.
- Kugadzikana Kwekuyerera: Kuyerera kwakasimba uye kwakasimba mudura remvura nemapaipi ekugadzira kwakakosha. Kuwanda kwemafuta, mvura isina kugadzikana uye nzvimbo dzemafuta (sekunge mukutakura kwemafuta nemvura), kana kusagadzikana kwekupisa zvinogona kukonzera kudzvanywa kwemhepo uye kuvharika kwemapaipi. Kupisa mapaipi, kudzora mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, uye kugadzirisa nzira dze emulsification uye demulsification zvakakosha kuchengetedza kutakurwa kwemafuta kwakasimba kuburikidza nemapaipi.
Mienzaniso inoratidza kuti kukwidza tembiricha yepombi kusvika pa50°C kunovandudza kuyerera kwemvura asi kunowedzera kudiwa kwesimba repombi, zvichireva kuti panofanira kuva nekugadzikana kwemvura uye mutengo wekushanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirisa nekungwarira maparamita ekushanda—akadai sehuwandu, viscosity, uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura—kunoita kuti kutakurwa kubudirire pasina kuvharika.
Pamwe chete, izvi zvakakosha uye zvinorambidza zvinotsanangura kudzoserwa kwemafuta ekupisa, zvichipa zviyero zvekusimudzira kufambira mberi mukubudirira kwekudzoserwa kwemafuta, kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemhepo, uye kuchengetedza kutakurwa kwemvura kwakasimba mukati me network yekugadzira mafuta akawanda.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kusviba Munguva Yekupora Kwekupisa
Hunhu hweOiri Inorema uye Hunhu Hwayo
Mafuta akawanda ane viscosity yakakura nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwawo kwakasiyana kwemamorekuru. Kuvapo kwezvikamu zvikuru zveasphaltenes, resins, uye waxes kunowedzera viscosity yemukati. Izvi zvikamu zvemamorekuru zvinoumba network yakakura yepakati pemamorekuru, zvichitadzisa kufamba uye zvinoomesa mafambiro ekufambisa uye kudzoreredza. Kuora kwezvipenyu kunowedzera viscosity nekuchinja kana kuwedzera kuwanda kwemarudzi akadaro emamorekuru.
Kudzikira kwekusimba kwemafuta anodziya kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekupisa. Kana steam ikapinzwa, kupisa kunokanganisa hydrogen bonding uye kunoderedza kuungana kweasphaltene-resin networks, zvichideredza viscosity. Sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera kubva pa20 °C kusvika 80 °C kana kupfuura, kusimba kweviscosity kunoitika. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera tembiricha yemugodhi uchishandisa steam injection kunowanzo deredza viscosity neanopfuura order yehukuru mumashandisirwo akajairika emunda, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwemafuta kuri nani uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwemafuta. Mamodheru ekufanotaura, kusanganisira ayo anoshandisa advanced machine learning, aratidza kushanda zvakanaka mukubatanidza mamorekuru netembiricha nekuchinja kweviscosity kunotarisirwa, zvichiita kuti sarudzo dzekushanda dzive dzakarurama.
Basa reEmulsification mukuderedza Viscosity
Maitiro ekubatanidza mafuta anoshandisa ma surfactants (emulsifiers) kugadzira mafuta mumvura kana mvura mumafuta, nokudaro zvichideredza viscosity inoshanda yemafuta anorema. Ma surfactants anoderedza kusimba kwemafuta nemvura, zvichiita kuti mvura ipararire kuita madonhwe madiki, zvichikanganisa kuumbwa kweasphaltene newax izvo zvinokonzera viscosity yakanyanya.
Pamusoro petsime, ma emulsifier anounzwa munzizi dzisina kucheneswa. Kudyidzana kwepedyo pakati pema emulsifier molecules nezvinhu zvinoumba mafuta anorema kunoita kuti emulsions iumbwe nekukurumidza. Muzviitiko zvinoshanda, mapoka e amphoteric ne anionic surfactant—akadai se sulfonates ne betaines—anonyanya kushanda. Mishonga iyi, kana ikashandiswa pamusoro petsime sechikamu chemabasa ekudzorera mafuta anodziya, inogona kuita kuti emulsification iite nekukurumidza uye kuderedza viscosity kusvika pa75–85% kune crudes dzinonetsa.
Kuderedzwa kwe viscosity ye emulsification yeWellhead kunopa mhedzisiro dzinoverengeka dzehunyanzvi:
- Inoderedza njodzi yekuvharika kwepombi nekuchengetedza viscosity yakaderera uye kuyerera kwakasimba.
- Inogonesa kufamba kwakasimba muhurongwa hwekuunganidza nekutakura, kunyanya kana tembiricha kana kumanikidzwa kuchichinja-chinja.
- Zvinobvumira tembiricha shoma yekushanda kwemhepo inopfungaira uye kushandiswa kwemhepo inopfungaira zvishoma, zvichikanganisa zvakananga mari yekudzoreredza simba uye zvinodiwa nesimba rose.
Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari nekuongororwa kwemumunda kunosimbisa kuti ne emulsifier yakakodzera, emulsion inobuda inoramba yakasimba kunyangwe paine munyu wakasiyana-siyana kana mamiriro epH—akakosha pakugadzirwa kwakasimba kubva mukushanda kwekudzoreredza kupisa.
Kugadzirisa Chipimo cheEmulsifier
Kusarudzwa kwe emulsifier kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekugadzirwa kwemafuta, tembiricha, uye kuenderana kwezvakatipoteredza. Ma surfactants matsva akavakirwa pa bio anopa mamwe mabhenefiti ekuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta anorema kwenguva refu.
Pane hukama hwakananga pakati pemuyero nemhedzisiro: kuwedzera huwandu hwe emulsifier pakutanga kunokurudzira kudzikiswa kwe viscosity uye kugadzikana kwe emulsion. Zvisinei, kana poindi yakakodzera yadarika, kuwedzera kwezvibereko kunoderedza mhedzisiro kana mhedzisiro yakaipa senge furo rakawandisa, mitengo yakakwira yekuparadzanisa, uye kunyange kusagadzikana kwe emulsion. Kudzora kwakaringana kwakakosha: kusashandisa mushonga wakaringana kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwe emulsions uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu, nepo kunyanyisa kushandisa mushonga kunogona kuwedzera mitengo ye surfactant uye kukanganisa demulsification pasi.
Kuona mwero wakakodzera kunowanikwa uchishandisa kinetic models, kazhinji dzinotevera, dzinobatanidza mwero we emulsification ne emulsifier concentration, tembiricha, uye composition. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirisa zvinosanganisira interfacial activity, functional group chemistry, uye oil-water ratio. Kufambira mberi mukudzidza kwemuchina uye rheological testing kunogonesa kutarisa nekugadzirisa panguva chaiyo. Kuyera conductivity, turbidity, uye viscosity zvinowanzo shandiswa pakuenzanisa uku.
Ruzivo rwekuyedza runosimbisa kuti "muyero we emulsifier une basa guru mukuderedza viscosity uye kugadzikana kwekufamba kwemvura". Mashandisirwo emumunda anosimbisa kuti muyero wakadaro wakagadziridzwa haungobatsiri chete pakugadzirisa kupora asiwo unotsigira kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Emulsion yemafuta anorema
*
Simba reSteam Parameters
Hunhu hwemhepo inopfungaira hunokosha pakuderedza mafuta anorema. Tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, uye mwero wekubaiwa kwemafuta ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinodzora.
- Kupisa kwemhepo:Kupisa kwakanyanya (kunowanzova pakati pe200–300 °C) kunokanganisa kudyidzana kwemamorekuru zvakanyanya, zvichikurumidzisa kudzikiswa kwe viscosity. Pamamiriro emhepo ane hutsi hushoma, subcritical aquathermolysis kana cracking zvinowedzera kuputsa mamorekuru akaomarara, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwe viscosity zvachose kuburikidza ne molecular rearrangement uye gasi export.
- Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo:Kumanikidzwa kwakakwira kwejekiseni kunowedzera kupinda kwemhepo inopfungaira uye kutamiswa kwekupisa kwakafanana mukati medura, zvichivandudza kufambiswa kwemafuta uye kuderedza njodzi dzekurasikirwa nekupisa uye kutenderera kwenzira. Kugadzirisa kumanikidzwa pakati pemugadziri nematsime ejekiseni kunogona kugadzirisa kupararira kwemhepo inopfungaira uye kudzivirira kubuda kwemhepo nekukurumidza.
- Mwero wekubaiwa jekiseni:Mwero wekushandiswa kwemutsi unoshanda zvakanaka, seuyo unodarika 700 bbl/zuva mumaitiro eSAGD, unoenderana zvakananga nezvinhu zvepamusoro zvekudzoreredza mafuta (kusvika 52–53%). Mwero usina kukwana, zvinopesana, unoderedza kutsvaira nekupararira kwekupisa, zvichiita kuti pave nekufamba kushoma kunobatsirwa nemhepo.
Kushandiswa kwemhepo kunofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti kuenzane nemari yekushandisa, kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta. Mamodheru ekuongorora uye ekufananidzira—kusanganisira mapakeji ekuenzanisa emugodhi—anobvumira vashandi kuona zviyero zvakanaka zvemhepo-mafuta (SOR) kuti pave nekubuda kwakanyanya. Aya maequations anofunga nezve viscosity-temperature profiles, steam enthalpy, uye kufamba kwemvura kuti zvivandudze nguva yekuisa jekiseni uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura nemafuta.
Kugadzirisa maparamita emhepo hakuparadzaniswi kubva mukudzora maitiro ese mukudzoreredza mafuta anorema, kunyanya kune matekiniki akadai semvura inobatsirwa nemhepo inodonha (SAGD) uye cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). Kana zvakabatana ne effective emulsifier dosage optimization uye continuous real-time viscosity measurement, nzira idzi dzinoumba musimboti wekuvandudza nzira dzekugadzirisa mafuta mukugadzirwa kwemafuta anorema kwemazuva ano.
Tekinoroji Yekuyera Viscosity Yenguva Yechokwadi
Nheyo dzeKuyera uye Maitiro
Mukugadzirisa mafuta akawanda,ma viscometer ari mukatizvakakosha kuti uwane kutonga kwakarurama pamusoromaitiro e emulsification yemafutauye kugadzirisa mashandiro ekugadzirisa mafuta. Ma "inline viscometers" anoyera zvakananga kuyerera uye maitiro ekuchinja kwemafuta anorema-emulsifier sezvaanofamba nemapaipi nemidziyo yekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinogonesa kutarisa nguva nenguva pasina kuda kutora sampuro nemaoko, izvo zvinogona kunonoka uye zvisingamiriri mamiriro ekushanda kwemafuta aripo.
Imwe tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndeye ultrasonic viscometer. Inoshanda nekutumira mafungu e ultrasonic kuburikidza nemusanganiswa we oil-emulsifier uye kuyera kudyidzana kwemafungu ne medium—ichipa kuverenga kwakarurama, nekukurumidza kwe viscosity kunyangwe pasi pekupisa kwakasiyana uye mwero wekuyerera. Semuenzaniso, sero re ultrasonic rine piezoelectric transducers rinopa kuyerwa kwakanyatsonaka kwe viscosity mumisanganiswa ine kusvika ku40% yemvura, ichitsigira kutarisa kugadzikana kwe emulsion uye kukurumidza, kuita kwedata-based reaction kune kushanduka kwema process. Nzira iyi inonyanya kukodzera mabasa e thermal oil recovery, uko viscosity inosiyana-siyana zvichienderana ne tembiricha uye chemical dosing. Kururama uye nguva yekuyera uku kunotsigira zvakananga matekiniki ekuderedza viscosity ye oil heavy, kugadzirisa ma parameter akadai se steam injection rates uye emulsifier dosage kuti irambe yakagadzikana pakati nepakati uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwe steam.
Kuiswa kwesensa chinhu chakakosha. Ma viscometers ne rheometers anofanirwa kuiswa panzvimbo dzakakosha:
- Musoro wetsime: Kutevera mhedzisiro yekukurumidza yekudzikiswa kwe viscosity ye wellhead emulsification.
- Zvikamu zvepaipi: Kuona shanduko dziri munzvimbo imwe chete dzinobva mukuyera kwe emulsifier kana kukwira kwekushisa.
- Zvikamu zvepamberi uye mushure mekugadzirisa: Kubvumira vashandi kuti vaongorore kukanganiswa kwekushandiswa kwemushonga wemhepo kana dzimwe nzira dzakavandudzwa dzekudzoreredza mafuta.
Maitiro ekuongorora epamusoro anoshandisa maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu uye nzira dzekuongorora kuti zvinhu zviitwe zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti masensa ape data rinogona kushandiswa kana shanduko dzekushanda dzakanyanya. Muma network emapaipi anotenderera kana akaomarara, maalgorithms ekuisa zvinhu akavakirwa pagirafu uye ongororo yesystem isiri yemutsara inoita kuti pave nekufukidzwa kwakakwana kweprofiling chaiyo ye viscosity.
Kana yangobatwa, data re viscosity rinogara richiiswa mumasystem ekutarisira akadai seSCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) uye APC (Advanced Process Control). Mapuratifomu aya anounganidza ruzivo kubva kuma inline sensors, achibatanidza nezvinhu zvekudzora kugadzirwa uye process historic databases. Open protocols, kusanganisira OPC-UA neRESTful APIs, inosanganisa data muma layers akasiyana uye masisitimu, zvichiita kuti kugoverwa uye kuonekwa zvakanaka kwese kwese kwese kwese kwese.
Kuwanikwa kweData uye Mhinduro dzeMaitiro
Kuwanikwa kwedata re viscosity panguva chaiyo ndiyo musimboti wemhinduro dzemaitiro mukuvandudzwa kwemafuta ekupisa. Nekubatanidza ma sensor outputs zvakananga nema control systems, vashandisi vanogona kugadzirisa ma key process variables munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Kudzora kwakavharwa-kutendereramari yekushandisakuyerwa kwe viscositykugadzirisa chiyero che emulsifier. Zvirongwa zvekutonga zvine hungwaru—kubva kuPID loops dzakasimba kusvika ku adaptive fuzzy logic uye hybrid architectures—zvinoshandura mwero wekemikari yekuisa makemikari kuti zvirambe zvakakora zvekufambisa mapaipi, uku zvichidzivirira kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwemakemikari anodhura. Semuenzaniso, kana viscosity ikakwira—zvichiratidza kusakwana kwe emulsification—vatongi vanozowedzera otomatiki emulsifier feed; kana ikawira pasi pechinangwa, chiyero chinoderedzwa. Iyi nhanho yemhinduro inonyanya kukosha mukudhonza mvura inosundwa nemhepo (SAGD) uye kufashamira kwemhepo inopfungaira mafuta akawanda, uko kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemhepo inopfungaira uye kugadzikana kwemusoro wetsime ndiko kunonyanya kukosha.
Kugara uchitarisa viscosity kwakakosha pakudzivirira kuvharika kwemapaipi. Oiri ine viscosity yakawanda kana emulsions isina kugadzikana inogona kukonzera kuramba kuyerera, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekuiswa uye kuvharika. Nekuchengetedza viscosity profile yakagadziriswa muhurongwa hwekugadzira, maalarm kana matanho ekudzivirira otomatiki anogona kutangwa kana zvipingamupinyi zvasvika. Kubatanidzwa neSCADA nevanoongorora mafambiro eprojekiti kunogonesa ongororo yenguva refu—kubatanidza mafambiro eviscosity nezviitiko zvekuvhara, mashandiro emutsi, kana kutanga kwematambudziko ekubvisa mutsi.
Muminda yekudzoreredza kupisa, mapuratifomu ekubatanidza data epamusoro anovimbisa kuti kuverenga kwe viscosity hakusi kwezviyero zvakazvimiririra asi kunosanganiswa nedata rekufamba kwemvura, tembiricha, uye kumanikidzwa. Izvi zvinobvumira kugadziriswa kwemuenzaniso-kufanotaura—senge dynamic steam injection tuning kana demulsification process optimization—zvichitungamira mukuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwemafuta uye kugadzikana kwemaitiro.
Mienzaniso yekuvandudza mhinduro:
- Kana ma viscometer ari mumutsara akaona kukwira kwe viscosity panguva yekupinza steam, sisitimu inogona kuwedzera emulsifier dosing kana kugadzirisa parameters yesteam, zvichiita kuti mafuta anorema arambe ari mukati mezvinodiwa.
- Kana masensa ekumashure akaratidza kudzikira kwe viscosity mushure mekuchinja kwekushanda, makemikari e demulsification anogona kuderedzwa, zvichideredza mitengo pasina kukanganisa mashandiro ekuparadzanisa.
- Kuongororwa kwevanyori venhoroondo kwakabatana kunobatanidza kufamba kwe viscosity nemagwaro ekugadzirisa kuti vaone matambudziko epombi kana maitiro.
Maitiro aya enguva chaiyo, anotungamirirwa nemhinduro anotsigira zvese kudzivirira nekukurumidza matambudziko ekuchengetedza kuyerera kwemvura - akadai sekuvharika kwemapaipi - uye kugadzirisa kwenguva refu kwemafuta anorema. Anobatanidza zviito zvekushanda nezvinodiwa kuti arambe achigadzira mafuta zvinobudirira, zvakavimbika, uye zvisingadhuri.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Maitiro Ekugadzira Emulsification
Kuvimbisa Kuyerera Kwemvura uye Kudzivirira Kuvharika Kwemvura
Kuchengetedza kuyerera kwakasimba kwemafuta anorema mumapaipi nematsime emvura kwakakosha kuti mafuta anodziya adzoke zvakanaka. Kugadziriswa kwemafuta anorema kunoshandura mafuta anorema anorema kuita mvura inotakurwa, asi kugadzikana kunofanira kutarisirwa nokungwarira kudzivirira kuvharika. Kukwira kwesimba kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwetembiricha, chiyero chisina kunaka che emulsifier, kana chiyero chisingatarisirwi chemvura-mafuta zvinogona kukonzera kukurumidza kumira kwemvura yakaita segel, kunyanya panguva yekupinza mafuta anorema nemhepo.
Kuvimbisa kuyerera kwemvura kunosanganisira nzira dzekudzivirira uye dzekugadzirisa:
- Kuongororwa Kunogara Kuchienderera Mberi kweViscosity: Masisitimu ekuyera nguva chaiyo, akadai se automated kinematic capillary viscometers akabatana necomputer vision, anopa mhinduro yekukurumidza ye viscometer. Masisitimu aya anoona kutsauka nekukurumidza paanoitika, zvichiita kuti vashandisi vakwanise kupindira—kugadzirisa tembiricha, mwero wekuyerera, kana huwandu hwe emulsifier kudzivirira kuungana kwekuvhara kana deposits ye wax.
- Kugadziriswa Kwekukurumidza Kwemaitiro: Kubatanidzwa kwedata remasensa nemasystem ekudzora kunobvumira shanduko dzega kana dzakatungamirwa nemushandi mumatanho ekushanda. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kuwedzera dosing yesurfactant kana kuwedzerwa kwe viscosity kwaonekwa kana kushandura mamiriro ekuisa steam kuti kugadzikane emulsion rheology.
- Kupindira Kwemuviri uye Kudziisa Mapaipi: Mune mamwe mabasa, kupisa kwepaipi zvakananga kana kupisa kwemagetsi kunowedzera nzira dzemakemikari dzekudzorera kuyerera kwechinguva, kunyanya panguva yekutonhora kana kudzima kwemidziyo kusingatarisirwi.
Nzira ine mativi akawanda inosanganisa data re viscosity panguva chaiyo uye nzira dzinochinjika dzinoderedza njodzi yekukanganiswa kwekuyerera kwemvura mukati mekuita kwe emulsification yemafuta.
Kuenzanisa Kushanda Zvakanaka Kwekudzoreredza Oiri uye Kushandiswa Kwemhepo
Kuwana chiyero chakanaka pakati pekushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta uye kushandiswa kwemhepo inopisa ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakudzoreredza kupisa kwemafuta inopisa. Kuderedza viscosity kuburikidza ne wellhead emulsification kunobvumira mafuta inopisa kuti ayerere zvakasununguka uye kunogonesa kupararira kwakadzika kwemhepo inopisa mukati mematangi emvura. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwe emulsifier kunogona kugadzira emulsions dzakagadzikana, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvekuparadzanisa gare gare zviome uye kukwidza mari yekushandisa.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirisa zvinosanganisira:
- Kudzora Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi: Kushandisa data rekuita zvinhu mhenyu kuchengetedza viscosity mukati mehuwandu hwechinangwa—yakakwira zvakakwana kuchengetedza mukana wekuparadzanisa, asi yakaderera zvakakwana kuti kugadzirwa kusimudzwe uye kutakurwa zvakanaka. Proxy modeling uye kuedza mumunda zvakasimbisa kubatsira kwekugadzirisa emulsifier dosage panguva imwe chete kuti igone kuchinja tembiricha uye mwero wekugadzirwa.
- Kugadzirisa Chipimo cheEmulsifier: Zvidzidzo zvemurabhoritari uye nyaya dzemumunda zvinotsigira kuti kuyera kwakarurama kwe emulsifier kunoderedza huwandu hwemhepo hunodiwa kuti mafuta adzoke uye kurapa kwemakemikari mushure mekupora. Kuwedzera kwakanangana kunoderedza kushandiswa kwesurfactant kusingakoshi, kuderedza mari uye kuderedza mutoro wezvakatipoteredza ukuwo kuchikwidziridza goho guru remafuta.
- Kubatanidzwa kweSteam-Solvent: Kuwedzera jekiseni remhepo nezvinonyungudutsa zvakakodzera kunoderedzawo kukora kwemafuta akawanda uye kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina wekutsvaira. Zviitiko zvemumunda, zvakaita sezviri muminda yemafuta ecarbonate, zvakaratidza kudzikira kwekushandiswa kwemhepo uye kuvandudzwa kwemafuta—zvichibatanidza zvakananga kugadzirisa mashandiro emuchina nekubudirira kwekushanda uye nharaunda.
Muenzaniso: Munzvimbo yakakura yemafuta akawanda, vashandi vakashandisa viscometry yenguva chaiyo uye kudzora simba kwe emulsifier injection kuti varambe vachichengetedza emulsion viscosity iri pakati pe200 ne320 mPa·s. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mwero wekushandiswa kwemhepo wakadzikira ne8–12%, pasina kurasikirwa mukudzoserwa kwemafuta.
Kubatanidzwa nemaitiro ekubvisa musanganiswa wezvinhu
Kugadzirwa kwemafuta akawanda zvinobudirira kunoda kuti pave nekugadziriswa uye kuputsika kwe emulsions kuti mafuta aparadzaniswe nemvura. Kubatanidzwa kwe emulsification yekufamba uye demulsification yekugadzirisa kunoita kuti system ishande zvakanaka uye ive yemhando yepamusoro.
Matanho ekutarisira akabatanidzwa:
- Kubatanidza Kuumbwa Kwemiti Nekubviswa Kwemiti: Makemikoro ema emulsifiers anoshandiswa kuderedza viscosity anogona kukanganisa mashandiro e demulsifier pasi. Kusarudza nekungwarira uye kugadzirisa dosage—emulsifiers dzinogona kuzodzikiswa kana kubviswa nemakemikari e demulsification—zvinorerutsa kuparadzaniswa kwemafuta nemvura mushure mekupora.
- Nzira dzepamusoro dzekubvisa musanganiswa wemvura: Matekinoroji ari kubuda akadai se responsive nanoparticles, synergistic demulsifier blends (semuenzaniso, BDTXI package), uye specialized mechanical separator (double spherical tangent devices) anowedzera kushanda nekumhanya kwekupatsanurwa kwemvura. Semuenzaniso, TiO₂ nanoparticles yakawana kusvika 90% demulsification efficiency mumiedzo yakabatana munguva pfupi yapfuura; device yakagadzirwa zvakanaka demulsification yakavandudza kupatsanurwa kupfuura nzira dzakajairwa.
- Kudzora Kuchinja Kwakarongeka: Kubatanidzwa kwakanyatsogadzirwa kwekutarisa viscosity pamwe nekushandisa otomatiki ma emulsifiers nema demulsifiers kunobvumira vashandisi kuchinja kubva pakuvandudza kufamba kuenda pakupatsanurwa kwakasimba. Kubatana uku kunochengetedza kufambira mberi kwakanaka uye kunoderedza njodzi yekusagadzikana kwemaitiro, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu emvura yakawanda kana kana shanduko dzinokurumidza muhurongwa hwekuyerera kwemvura dzichiitika panguva yekuyerera kwemvura inoyerera nemhepo.
Masisitimu ekugadzirisa mafuta anorema akagadzirwa zvakanaka anotarisa hunhu hwe emulsion kuburikidza nekuongorora kwenguva chaiyo uye anogadzirisa matanho e emulsification ne demulsification kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira nekuparadzanisa zvinochinja—kuona kuti kuyerera kwemvura kwakasimba, kushandiswa kwemhepo zvakanaka, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta mukati mehurongwa hwekudzoreredza mafuta hunosimbiswa nekupisa.
Mhedzisiro paMashandiro eOiri uye Maitiro Ekudzoreredza
Kubudirira Kwakawedzerwa Kwekudzoreredza Mafuta
Kuyera viscosity panguva chaiyo uye matekiniki chaiwo ekuderedza viscosity anoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta mukudzoka kwemafuta anorema. Viscosity yakawanda yemafuta inodzivirira kufamba kwemvura uye inoderedza huwandu hwemafuta anodzoserwa. Zvidzidzo zvemumunda nerabhoritari zvinoratidza kuti kushandisa makemikari anoderedza viscosity—akadai seDG Reducer kana silane-modified nanosilica (NRV)—kunogona kuderedza viscosity kusvika ku99% mumafuta anorema zvakanyanya, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emudura. Data rekufananidzira kwemakore gumi rinoratidza kuti mumatsime ane mvura yakawanda, nzira dzakagadziriswa dzekuderedza viscosity dzinogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemafuta anodzoserwa ne6.75%.
Nzira dzepamusoro dzemafashamo emvura dzakasanganiswa, kunyanya Viscosity Reduction Combination Flooding (V-RCF), kubatanidza mapolymers, surfactant emulsifiers, uye ultra-low interfacial tension agents kuchengetedza kuyerera kwakanaka uye kupatsanurwa kwemafuta nemvura. Kuiswa kwesimbi yakawanda mukuyedza mafashamo emvura mujecha resandpack kunoratidza kushanda kwenzira idzi, zvichiratidza kuunganidzwa kwemafuta kwakanyanya zvichienzaniswa nemafashamo enguva dzose. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzekushanda dzinoshandisa kudzora kwemuyero we emulsifier panguva chaiyo uye kuyerwa kwe viscosity kunoenderera mberi zvinokwanisa kuchengetedza kufamba kwemvura kunovavarirwa, zvichikonzera mwero wekubvisa mvura wakadzikama uye kudzikira kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.
Kuchengetedza Mari Nekuderedzwa Kwemari
Chinhu chikuru chinotungamira simba nemutengo mukudzoreredza mafuta ekupisa kushandiswa kwemhepo inodziya. Kugadzirisa viscosity kuburikidza nedata renguva chaiyo uye kupindira kwemakemikari kana kwemuviri kune mhedzisiro inoyerwa pakushandiswa kwemhepo inodziya. Miedzo yeSAGD yazvino uye zviyero zverabhoritari zvakaratidza kuti kudzora viscosity kwakavandudzwa kuburikidza nekushandisa emulsifier dosing yakagadziridzwa kana nano-chemical blends yepamusoro kunoderedza zvakananga huwandu hwemhepo inodziya-kune-mafuta—zvichireva kuti mhepo shoma inodiwa pabhare rega rega remafuta rinogadzirwa. Mhedzisiro iyi inoenderana: sezvo kutonga viscosity kuchiva kwakanyatsojeka uye kunoshanda, kushandiswa kwemhepo kunoderera zvinoenderana, zvichipa kuchengetedza mari yekushanda uye yesimba.
Mienzaniso yemumunda inotaura nezvekudzikira kwehuwandu hwemhepo inopfungaira uye kushandiswa kwemvura kwakaderera. Mune imwe mamiriro ekufananidzira, kupinza mvura kwakaderedzwa neanopfuura 2,000 m³ pazuva nekushandisa ma gel plugs ane viscosity yakaderera yekudzora mvura, zvichiita kuti mutengo wekushanda uderedzwe zvakanyanya. Kuyerwa kwe viscosity mukati memuchina kunobvumira kugadziriswa kwekushanda nekukurumidza, kuderedza simba rinorasika kubva pakupinza mvura zvakanyanya uye kudzivirira kusashanda zvakanaka kwesystem.
Kusimbiswa Kwakawedzerwa Kwemapaipi uye Kugadziriswa Kushoma
Kuvharika kwepombi uye kutadza kushanda zvakanaka zvinhu zvikuru zvinotyisidzira kuenderera mberi kwekushanda kwenzvimbo yemafuta, zvichinyanya kuwedzerwa nekusviba kwemvura kusingadzoreki uye maitiro e emulsification asingachinji. Kutarisirwa kwe viscosity panguva chaiyo kunoderedza njodzi idzi. Zvakabuda mumiedzo yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti inline viscometers uye distributed fiber-optic sensing zvinogonesa vashandisi kuchengetedza kusviba mukati memiganhu yakakodzera, zvichideredza kuwanda kwekuvharika uye kuderedza kushushikana kwemagetsi pamapaipi.
Masisitimu akavakirwa pamagetsi akaita seAOT (Applied Oil Technology) haangogumiri pakuderedza kusviba kwemafuta panguva yekufambisa mapaipi—zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi uye kuderedza mari yesimba repombi—asiwo anovandudza hutano hwemapaipi nekudzivirira kuumbwa kweslug ine kusviba kwakanyanya. Kufambira mberi mukusarudza zvinhu zvepaipi, zvakaita sePVC inoshanda zvakanyanya inobvumidzwa kuti mafuta ekupisa adzoke, kunoderedzawo mari yekuchengetedza nekudzivirira ngura uye kuora kwemuviri.
Mukushanda, kudzikira kwenguva isina kurongwa yekushanda, kugadziriswa kwechimbichimbi, uye kuwanda kwekugadzirisa kunoreva zvakananga bhajeti shoma yekugadzirisa uye kutakurwa kwemafuta kwenguva refu uye kunotarisirwa. Kuvandudzwa uku kunobva patekinoroji kunotsigira kuiswa kwemhepo inopfungaira, maitiro ekubvisa mafuta mumafuta akapfava, uye kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo dzemafuta nekuona kuti mvura inoyerera zvakanaka uye inokwanisika kubva kumusoro wetsime kuenda kunzvimbo yekugadzirisa.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
1. Ndeipi basa rekuyera viscosity mukudzoreredza kupisa kwemafuta anorema?
Kuyera viscosity panguva chaiyo kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta anorema. Nekugara uchitarisa viscosity kumusoro kwetsime uye pasi perwizi, vashandisi vanogona kugadzirisa injection yemhepo, emulsifier dosing, uye flow rates. Izvi zvinoita kuti oiri irambe ichifamba zvakakwana, zvichideredza njodzi dzekuvharika kwepombi. Kuyera kwakadaro kunotsigira nzira dzinochinjika kuti uwane kushanda kwakakwirira kwekudzoreredzwa kwemafuta uye kudzora maitiro. Semuenzaniso, gobvu rakasviba rine viscosity yakawanda rinogona kuda injection yemhepo ine simba pakutanga, rozodzikira sezvo fluidity ichivandudzika, zvichideredza simba rakawanda uye kudzivirira matambudziko ekushanda.
2. Kuyerwa kwe emulsifier kunokanganisa sei kudzikiswa kwe viscosity yemafuta akawanda?
Kuyerwa kwemulsifier kwakakosha mukudzikisa mafuta akawanda. Mazinga emulsifier akaongororwa zvakanaka anogona kuderedza viscosity kusvika ku91.6% mune dzimwe ongororo, kunyanya kana chiyero chemvura nemafuta chakagadziridzwa. Kusakwana kwemulsifier kunogona kukonzera emulsification isina kukwana uye kuyerera kusingakoshi, zvichikonzera kuvharika. Kusiyana neizvi, emulsifier yakawandisa inogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuparadzanisa pasi kana makemikari anorasika. Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura kunosanganisira nano-emulsifiers senge zvinhu zvakagadzirwa negraphene oxide, izvo zvinowedzera kudzikamisa emulsions uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka pamatanho akaderera.
3. Ko kugadzirisa jekiseni remhepo kunoderedza here mari yekushandisa mukugadzirisa mafuta ekupisa?
Ehe, kugadzirisa nzira dzekushandisa steam injection—nzira huru mukuita steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) uye cyclic steam stimulation (CSS)—kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekushanda. Real-time viscosity data inobvumira mwero chaiwo we steam injection uye kuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwe steam. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zve simulation zvakawana kuti kugadzirisa hunhu hwe steam kubva pa0.6 kusvika pa0.8 kwakasimudza kupora kubva pa43.58% kusvika pa46.16%, zvichivandudza kushandiswa kwe steam. Steam yakawandisa inotambisa simba nemari yekushanda, nepo steam isina kukwana ichidzivirira kufamba kwemafuta. Kugadzirisa ma parameter aya kunoderedza kushandiswa kwe steam, kunowedzera huwandu hwe steam recovery, uye kunoita kuti pave nekuchengetedza mari yakawanda.
4. Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati pekugadzirisa mafuta nekubvisa musanganiswa wemafuta mumafuta?
Kubatanidza mafuta nekubvisa musanganiswa wemafuta inzira dzinotevedzana uye dzinoenderana mukugadzirwa kwemafuta akawanda. Kubatanidza mafuta nemvura musanganiswa wemafuta mumvura—kunogonesa kuderedza kusimba kwemafuta kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti kuyerera kwemvura kuri kufamba zvakanaka uye kutakurwa nemapaipi zvakanaka. Kubvisa musanganiswa wemafuta, uchishandisa makemikari kana maitiro chaiwo, kunodiwa gare gare kuti mafuta nemvura zviparadzaniswe, zvichidzoreredza kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye zvichibvumira kuraswa kwemvura kana kushandiswazve. Kurongeka kwakanaka kunovimbisa kubuda kwepamusoro: kukurumidza kubvisa musanganiswa wemafuta kuti udzoke, zvichiteverwa nekubviswa musanganiswa zvakanaka usati wachenesa kana kutumira kunze kwenyika. Kusarudzwa kwe emulsifier yakagadziriswa uye makemikari ekubvisa musanganiswa wemafuta zvakakosha pakuenzanisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro uye mwero wechigadzirwa.
5. Sei kutarisa panguva chaiyo kwakakosha kudzivirira kuvharika kwemapaipi mumabasa emafuta akawanda?
Kutarisa nguva dzose, uye nguva chaiyo yekuona kuti mvura iri kufamba zvakanaka ndiko kunokosha pakuvimbisa kuyerera kwemvura munzvimbo dzine mafuta akawanda. Kuongororwa kwesimba rekuona zvinhu zvakawanda kunoita kuti pave nekugadziriswa kwezviyero zvekushanda—kupinza mafuta mumhepo, tembiricha, uye kuyerwa kwe emulsifier—kudzivirira mafuta kuti asanyanya kukora uye agadzikane mumapaipi. Mapombi e viscometer nema inline digital sensors zvino anokwanisa kuyera zviri nani kupfuura 95%, zvichipa kuona nekukurumidza mafambiro asina kunaka. Nekuchengetedza kuyerera kwakaringana, vashandi vanoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekuvharika kwemapaipi, kuvharika kusina kurongwa, kana kugadziriswa kunodhura. Ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo runotsigira kugadziriswa kwekufanotaura uye kugadzirwa kwakasimba, kusingadzoreki.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-06-2025
