Kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemhando yepamusorokugadzirwa kwemunyu mumaindasitirizvinoda maitiro ekugadzira anoshanda, anoenderera mberi, uye akavimbika. Dambudziko guru munharaunda iyi, kunyanya mukuparadzaniswa kwe sodium chloride (NaCl) kubva mumushonga wayo, kutungamira kwakaringana kwehuwandu hwemushonga kudzivirira kugadzika kwekristaro kusingadiwe uye kusati kwasvika nguva.Kutarisa Kuwanda Kwevanhu Munguva Yechokwadiinobuda senzira yekuderedza njodzi iyi yakakosha yekushanda, ichivimbisa kuyerera kusingadzoreki uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanakisisa kwemasisitimu makuru ekubuda kwemvura.
Chinangwa cheKutarisa Kuwanda Kwemvura Munguva Yechokwadi Mukugadzirwa Kwemunyu Mumaindasitiri
Chinangwa chikuru cheKutarisa Kuwanda Kwevanhu Munguva Yechokwadiinoshanda sedziviriro yekukurumidza kubva pamigumisiro yakaipa yekristallization ye supersaturationzvichiitika panzvimbo isiriyo kana panguva isiriyo mukati memutsetse wekugadzirira munyu. Nekuramba uchiyera simba remushonga we sodium chloride, vanogadzira vanowana mukana wekuona zviri mberi kuti vagadzirise ma process parameters.pamberihuwandu hwemvura inonyungudika hunopfuura mwero wekunyungudika mumidziyo yekumusoro yakaita sema evaporators. Izvi zvakakosha pakuwedzera simba remagetsi uye kuderedza nguva yekushanda kwemvura.
Kugadzirisa Maitiro Ekugadzirira Munyu
Nheyo dzemazuva anokugadzirwa kwemunyu mumaindasitirindiko kuparadzaniswa kwekupisa kweNaCl yakasimba kubvamunyu wemvura usina kucheneswayakatorwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakadai semadziva emunyu, migodhi yemunyu iri pasi pevhu, kana mvura yegungwa. Kushanduka uku kwemuviri, kunonzi pasi rose "kubuda kwemvura uye kupera mvura mumuviri - crystallization," inotevedzana nemaune, nhanho yega yega ichiratidza kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira uye simba remaitiro acho.
Danho 1: Kubuda kwemvura uye Kuwanda kwemvura (mvura → mvura yakaguta)
Danho rekutanga rinosanganisira kuisa mvura mu sodium chloride solution ine huwandu hushoma. Mvura iyi, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura, inopinda mumayuniti ekubuda kwemvura akawanda—kazhinji Multi-Effect Evaporators (MEE) kana Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) systems. Kuburikidza nekushandisa kupisa kana kubuda kwemvura pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera, huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura hunobviswa. Kuwanda kwemvura mumhinduro kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.Kutarisa huwandu hwevanhu paindanetiZvakakosha zvikuru panguva ino kuti tinyatsoongorora huwandu hwezvinhu zviri kuwedzera mumuviri. Kungwarira uku kwakanangana nekudzivirirasupersaturation isati yakwana uye crystallization mukatizvinochinja-chinja kupisa uye miviri ye evaporator, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa nekuvharika nekukurumidza. Mhedzisiro inodiwa yeDanho rekutanga kugadzirwa kwemhinduro ye supersaturated sodium chloride—mvura inonyungudika apo huwandu hwemvura inonyungudika hunopfuura muganho wekunyungudika kwetembiricha yekushanda, yakagadzirira chikamu chinotevera.
Danho rechipiri: Kugadzira Crystallization uye Kuparadzanisa (Supersaturated Liquid → Solid Crystals)
Mushonga wakasimba, une supersaturated wobva waendeswa mu crystallizer yakatsaurirwa (inogona kunge iri yekupedzisira kweMEE system kana crystallizer yakasarudzika inotonhodza). Kuwedzera kwemvura kana kudzikiswa kwekupisa nemaune, kunodzorwa, kunoita kuti simba rekufambisa ridiwe - huwandu hwe supersaturation - rinomanikidza sodium chloride solute kuti iite mvura. MaNaCl molecules anobuda muchikamu che solution, achigadzira maNaCl crystals akasimba. Makristaro aya, ikozvino ari chigadzirwa chinotarirwa, anobva aparadzaniswa nemvura yakasara (mother liquor) achishandisa nzira dzemuchina dzakadai sekuparadzanisa kwe centrifugal kana kusefa. Matanho ekupedzisira anosanganisira kuomesa (kubvisa hunyoro) uye kuvharwa (particle size standardization) kuti pave nechinhu chakasimba, chakasimba.chigadzirwa chemunyu cheindasitiri.
Kugadzirwa kweMunyu
Maitiro e evaporation crystallization ekugadzira munyu wetsvina yeindasitiri
Njodzi Dzakananga dzeKusakwana Kwemakristalo
Kusadzorwa kana kuti nguva isati yakwanakristallization ye supersaturationmukati mechitima chekupwanya mvura hakusi kungonetsa chete; kunomiririra boka guru renjodzi huru dzekushanda uye dzehupfumi:
Kusvibisa uye Kuwedzera:Mhedzisiro inokurumidza kuitika ndeyekuumbwa kweNaCl scale panzvimbo dzinotapurirana kupisa (machubhu, maplate, madziro) ema evaporators. Kuunganidzwa uku kwekristaro kunoshanda seinsulator inoshanda zvikuru.
Kuvharika uye Kuderedza Kuburitswa Kwemagetsi:Kugadzirwa kwechikero kunofambira mberi kunoderedza dhayamita inoshanda yemapaipi, mavharuvhu, nemachubhu ekuchinjana kupisa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuvharika kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinoda kuvharwa kwakakwana uye kunodhura kwekuchenesa kwemuchina kana makemikari, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Kurasikirwa Nesimba Uye Kuwedzera Kwemari Yekushanda:Kusvibisa kunoderedza zvakanyanya chiyero chekupisa chose (U). Kuti varambe vaine chiyero chekubuda kwemvura, vashandi vanomanikidzwa kuwedzera tembiricha yechipfuva chemhepo (ΔT), zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kupisa kwemhepo.kushandiswa kwesimba—mutengo mukuru wekuchinja-chinja muMEE neMVRkugadzirwa kwemunyu mumaindasitiri.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva Mukutonga Kuwanda Kwevanhu: Kutarisira Kufanotaura Uye Kushanda Nesimba
Nzira yekugadzira munyu zvakanaka iri pakuchinja kubva pakugadzirisa munyu kuenda kukudzora zvinhu nekukurumidza, inogoneswa zvakanyanya nekunyatsorongeka,online densimeter chaiyo-nguva data.
Unyanzvi hutsva huri mukushandisa data iri rehuwandu hwevanhu hunoenderera mberi—nzira yakananga yekuisa mhinduro muhuwandu hwevanhu uye, zvakanyanya,mwero wekuzara kwemafuta zvakanyanya—kupa chikafumienzaniso yekufungidzira yakangwara yengozi yekuzara kwemvura yakawandaMamodheru aya anoongorora mwero wekuchinja kwehuwandu, tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura kuti vafanotaura mukana wekuti crystallization inokuvadza iitike kamwe kamwe nguva isati yaitika.
Kugona uku kufanotaura kunoita kuti zvinhu zviitikemaalgorithms epamusoro ekudzoraizvo zvinogonesa kugadzirisa kwakasimba kwema parameter e evaporator akakosha e MVR/multi-effect:
Kuzadza/Kuburitsa Mvura:Kugadziriswa kweminiti imwe neimwe kwemvura yakachena kana kubuda kwemvura ine munyu wakawanda kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwemvura inobuda mumvura nekukurumidza.
Mutemo weTembiricha/Kudzvanyirira:Shanduko diki, dzakaverengerwa mukumanikidzwa kwekushanda (uye nokudaro pombi yekufashaira uye tembiricha yekuzara) mukati memhedzisiro yacho zvinogona kuderedza zvishoma mwero wekuzara, zvichidzivirira kubuda kwemasero anokuvadza.
Mamita eLonnmeter Inline Density
Nzira yekudzivirira: Kudzora Kuumbwa kweKristaro
Kubudirira kwemutemo chaiwo wekuwanda kwevanhuiri mukupesvedzera kwayo zvakananga pazvinhu zvakakosha zve crystallization physics:nucleation, kinetics yekukurauyechimiro.
Kudzora Nucleation:Nekuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura iri mumhinduro huri pasi pemuganhu wehuwandu hwakakosha hwemvura.zvinongoerekana zvaitika(homogeneous) nucleation, iyo density control system inoita kuti makristaro aumbe panzvimbo yaanoda chete (crystallizer) uye kunyanya pamakristaro embeu aripo (heterogeneous nucleation). Izvi zvinodzivirira kuumbwa kwakapararira kwe "fines" kana scale-forming nuclei mu evaporator.
Kukura Kinetics uye Maumbirwo:Kuchengetedza nguva dzoseyakaderera asi yakanakamwero wekuzara kwemvura kunoita kuti nzvimbo dziripo dzekristaro dzive nzvimbo dzinonyanya kusarudzwa dzekuisa NaCl. Izvi zvinosimudzira kudzorakukura kwekristaropane kungoerekana kwaita manyukiliya asingadzoreki. Mugumisiro wacho unova makristaro emunyu akakura, akaumbwa zviri nani uye mukana wekuyera wakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Nekuita semita yekuwanda kwemukatikune mukana wekuwedzera kuzara kwemafuta,kutarisa kuwanda kwevanhu panguva chaiyoinoshandura maitiro ekugadzira makristaro kubva pakushanda kune njodzi, kwakaoma kuita basa reinjiniya rinodzorwa uye rinofungidzirwa. Iyi hunyanzvi hutsva hwakakosha kune chero nzvimbo inovavarira kushandisa simba zvakanyanya uye kushandisa mari shoma mumakwikwi ekugadzirwa kwemunyu mumaindasitiri.
Bata nesuLonnmeterkukumbira mutengo uye kubatanidza tekinoroji iyi inokosha yekudzora mumutsara wako wekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-30-2025
