Protein Solution Viscosity Control in Ultrafiltration

Kudzora kusimba kweprotein solutions kwakakosha pakugadzirisa maitiro e ultrafiltration concentration mukugadzirwa kwe biopharmaceutical. Kusimba kwakakwira muprotein solutions—kunyanya pahuwandu hweprotein hwakakwira—kunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro e membrane, kushanda zvakanaka kwe process, uye hupfumi mukushandiswa kwe ultrafiltration protein concentration. Kusimba kwe solution kunowedzera nehuwandu hweprotein nekuda kwe anti-body clustering uye electrostatic interactions, izvo zvinowedzera kuramba kuyerera uye kuderera kwekumanikidzwa mu ultrafiltration membrane. Izvi zvinoguma nekudzikira kwe permeate fluxes uye nguva refu yekushanda, kunyanya mu transverse flow filtration (TFF) processes.

Kumanikidzwa kweTransmembrane (TMP), simba rinosunda ultrafiltration, kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekusviba. Kushanda kunze kwenzvimbo yakajairika ye transmembrane pressure kunokurumidza kusviba kwemembrane uye kunowedzera kusviba kwe concentration - kuunganidzwa kwemapuroteni pedyo ne membrane kunoramba kuchiwedzera kusviba kwenzvimbo. Kusviba kwe concentration uye kusviba kwe membrane zvinoguma nekudzikira kwekushanda kwe ultrafiltration membrane uye zvinogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwe membrane kana zvikasadzorwa. Basa rekuyedza rinoratidza kuti kusviba kwe membrane uye kusviba kwe concentration mu ultrafiltration zvinonyanya kuoneka paTMP values yakakwira uye ne viscous feeds yakawanda, zvichiita kuti real-time TMP control ive yakakosha kuti iwedzere throughput uye kuderedza kuchenesa frequency.

Kugadzirisa huwandu hwe ultrafiltration kunoda nzira dzakabatana:

Kuyerwa kwe viscosity yeproteni: Kuongorora nguva dzose viscosity—uchishandisama viscometer ari mumutsara—kubatsira kufanotaura mwero wekusefa uye kufanoona matambudziko ekuita, zvichitsigira kuchinja kwemaitiro nekukurumidza.
Kugadzirisa chikafu: Kugadzirisa pH, simba reionic, uye tembiricha kunogona kuderedza viscosity uye kuderedza fouling. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera sodium ions kunowedzera kudzinga hydration pakati pemapuroteni, zvichideredza kuungana uye fouling, nepo calcium ions inowanzo kurudzira protein clodging uye fouling.
Kushandisa zvinhu zvinobatsira: Kuisa zvinhu zvinoderedza viscosity mumapuroteni akawandisa kunovandudza kupenya kwemukati meganda uye kunoderedza kumanikidzwa kwe transmembrane mu ultrafiltration, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
Maitiro ekufambisa epamusoro: Kuwedzera kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura, kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuyambuka, kana kushandisa jet yemhepo zvinokanganisa kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo. Maitiro aya anobatsira kuchengetedza kuyerera kwemvura uye kuderedza kuwanda kwekutsiva membrane nekuderedza kuumbwa kwemvura.
Kusarudzwa uye kuchenesa membrane: Kusarudza ma membrane anodzivirira makemikari (semuenzaniso, SiC kana thermosalient hybrids) uye kugadzirisa mafambiro ekuchenesa ma membrane nema protocol akakodzera (semuenzaniso, sodium hypochlorite cleaning) zvakakosha pakuwedzera hupenyu hwema membrane uye kuderedza mari yekushanda.

Kazhinji, kudzora viscosity zvakanaka uye manejimendi yeTMP ndizvo zvakakosha pakubudirira kwechikamu che ultrafiltration concentration, zvichikanganisa zvakananga goho rezvigadzirwa, kuchenesa membrane kakawanda, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvinhu zvinodhura zve membrane.

Kunzwisisa Mapuroteni Mhinduro Viscosity mu Ultrafiltration

1.1. Chii chinonzi Viscosity yeProtein Solutions?

Viscosity inotsanangura kuramba kwemvura kuyerera; mumhinduro dzemapuroteni, inoratidza kuti kukweshana kwemamorekuru kunotadzisa kufamba kwakadii. Chiyero cheSI che viscosity iPascal-second (Pa·s), asi centipoise (cP) chinowanzoshandiswa pamvura dzezvipenyu. Viscosity inokanganisa zvakananga kuti mhinduro dzemapuroteni dzinogona sei kupombwa kana kusefetwa panguva yekugadzira uye inokanganisa kuendeswa kwemishonga, kunyanya kune biotherapeutics ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu.

Kuwanda kwemapuroteni ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa kusimba kwemuviri. Sezvo huwandu hwemapuroteni huchikwira, kusangana pakati pemamorekuru uye kuungana kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kusimba kukwira, kazhinji zvisina kurongeka. Pamusoro pemuganho wakati, kusangana kwemapuroteni nemapuroteni kunowedzera kudzvinyirira kupararira mukati memushonga. Semuenzaniso, mhinduro dzakasimba dzemaantibody emonoclonal dzinoshandiswa mumishonga dzinowanzo kusvika padanho rekusimba rinonetsa kubayiwa pasi peganda kana kuderedza mwero wekugadzirisa.

Mamodheru anofanotaura kupenya mumhinduro dzeprotein dzakaunganidzwa iye zvino anosanganisira mamorekuru geometry uye maitiro ekuungana. Maumbirwo emapuroteni—angave akareba, akatenderera, kana kuti anowanzo ungana—anokanganisa zvakanyanya kupenya pahuwandu hwakawanda. Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura mukuongorora kwe microfluidic kunogonesa kuyerwa kwakarurama kwe viscosity kubva pahuwandu hushoma hwesampuro, zvichiita kuti kuongororwa nekukurumidza kwemafomu matsva emapuroteni.

1.2. Kuchinja Kwakaita Viscosity Munguva Yekusvina Kweropa

Munguva yekutsvedza kwemvura (ultrafiltration), kupatsanurana kwemasero kunokurumidza kuunganidza mapuroteni panzvimbo inopindirana ne membrane-solution. Izvi zvinogadzira kukwira kwemazinga enzvimbo uye zvinokwidza kupenya kwemasero pedyo ne membrane. Kupenya kwakanyanya munzvimbo iyi kunokanganisa kutamiswa kwemasero uye kunoderedza kuyerera kwemvura.

Kupatsanurana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana nekupatsanurana kwezvikamu. Kupatsanurana kunoshanduka uye kunodzoreka, kunoitika mukati memaminitsi mashoma sezvo kusefa kuchienderera mberi. Kana tichienzanisa, kupatsanurana kunoitika nekufamba kwenguva uye kazhinji kunosanganisira kuisa zvinhu zvisina kudzoreka kana kushanduka kwemakemikari pamusoro pezvikamu. Kuongorora kwakarurama kunobvumira kuteverwa kwezvikamu zvine zvikamu panguva chaiyo, zvichiratidza kuti zvinonzwa sei nekumhanya kwekufamba kwezvikamu uye kumanikidzwa kwezvikamu. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kumhanya kana kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwezvikamu (TMP) kunobatsira kukanganisa divi remuganhu we viscous, zvichidzosa kuyerera kwezvikamu.

Ma parameter ekushanda anokanganisa zvakananga maitiro e viscosity:

Kumanikidzwa kweTransmembrane (TMP): TMP yakakwira inowedzera polarization, ichikwidza viscosity yemuno uye ichideredza flux.
Kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemuchinjikwa: Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunoderedza kuungana, zvichiita kuti viscosity iri pedyo nemembrane ive shoma.
Kucheneswa kweMembrane kakawanda: Kuchenesa nguva dzose kunoderedza kuunganidzwa kwenguva refu uye kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwekushanda kunokonzerwa nekunaka.

Madanho ehuwandu hwe ultrafiltration anofanirwa kugadzirisa ma parameter aya kuderedza mhedzisiro yakaipa ye viscosity uye kuchengetedza throughput.

1.3. Hunhu hweMapuroteni Anokanganisa Kusviba

Kurema kwemaserouyekuumbwaZvikurukuru zvinoona kusimba kwemuviri. Mapuroteni makuru, akaomarara kana kuti maaggregates anopa kusimba kwakanyanya nekuda kwekusafamba zvakanaka uye simba guru repakati pemamorekuru. Chimiro chemapuroteni chinowedzera kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemuviri—cheni dzakareba kana dzinokonzereswa nekuungana dzinokonzera kuramba kwakanyanya kupfuura mapuroteni akakora eglobular.

pHKukanganisa zvakanyanya kushaikwa kweprotein uye kunyungudika kwayo. Kugadzirisa pH yemushonga pedyo neproteni ine isoelectric kunoderedza kushaikwa kweprotein, kunoderedza kudzorwa kweprotein neprotein, uye kunoderedza viscosity kwenguva pfupi, zvichiita kuti ipfave. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa ultrafiltration pedyo neBSA kana IgG ine isoelectric kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuyerera kwemvura uye kusarudza kupatsanurwa kwayo.

Simba reIonicKukanganisa kusviba kwemuviri nekuchinja mapuroteni maviri emagetsi. Kuwedzera kwesimba reionic kunodzivirira kusangana kwemagetsi, zvichikurudzira kutapurirana kwemapuroteni kuburikidza nema membranes asiwo kunowedzera njodzi yekuungana uye kukwira kwe viscosity kunoenderana. Kuchinjana pakati pekushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira uye kusarudza kunowanzoenderana nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemunyu uye buffer composition.

Zvinhu zvidiki zvinowedzerwa mumasero—zvakaita searginine hydrochloride kana guanidine—zvinogona kushandiswa kuderedza viscosity. Izvi zvinokanganisa hydrophobic kana electrostatic attractions, zvinoderedza kuungana, uye zvinovandudza mafambiro emvura. Tembiricha inoshanda seimwe nzira yekudzora; tembiricha yakaderera inowedzera viscosity, nepo kupisa kwakawedzerwa kuchiwanzoideredza.

Kuyerwa kwe viscosity yeprotini mhinduro kunofanira kufunga nezve:

Kugoverwa kwehuremu hwemamorekuru
Musanganiswa wemushonga (munyu, zvinhu zvinobatsira, zvinowedzera)
pH uye sarudzo yehurongwa hwebuffer
Kugadzika kwesimba reIonic

Zvinhu izvi zvakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro emembrane ye ultrafiltration uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti inowirirana muzvikamu zve concentration uye maitiro eTFF.

Nheyo dzeUltrafiltration Protein Concentration

Nheyo dzeChikamu cheKutarisa kweUltrafiltration

Kuwanda kwemapuroteni eUltrafiltration kunoshanda nekushandisa transmembrane pressure (TMP) pamembrane inopindika zvishoma, ichifambisa solvent uye zvidimbu zvidiki zvichipfuura nepo ichichengetedza mapuroteni nemamorekuru makuru. Maitiro aya anoshandisa kupindira kwesarudzo zvichibva pahukuru hwemamorekuru, ne membrane's molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) ichitsanangura hukuru hwemamorekuru anopfuura. Mapuroteni anopfuura MWCO anoungana parutivi rwe retentate, achiwedzera kuenzana kwawo sezvo kupindira kwemvura kuchibviswa.

Chikamu chekuwanda kwe ultrafiltration chinotarisa kuderedzwa kwehuwandu uye kuwedzerwa kwe protein solution. Sezvo kusefa kuchienderera mberi, viscosity ye protein solution inowanzo kukwira, zvichikanganisa flux uye zvinodiwa zveTMP. Mapuroteni akachengetwa anogona kusangana pamwe chete uye ne membrane, zvichiita kuti maitiro chaiwo ave akaoma kupfuura kusabvisa saizi iri nyore. Kudyidzana kwe electrostatic, protein aggregation, uye hunhu hwe solution senge pH uye ionic strength zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza uye kupatsanurwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, advective transport inotonga pamusoro pekupararira, kunyanya muma membrane ane pores akakura, zvichiita kuti zvinotarisirwa zviome zvichibva pakusarudzwa kweMWCO chete [ona pfupiso yekutsvagisa].

Tsananguro yeTransverse Flow Filtration (TFF)

Kupfapfaidza kwemvura inoyerera, kunonziwo kupfapfaidza kwemvura inoyerera (TFF), kunofambisa mhinduro yeprotein nenzira inotenderera pamusoro pemvura inoyerera. Nzira iyi inopesana nekupfapfaidza kwemvura inoyerera, uko mvura inoyerera yakatarisana nenyama inoyerera, ichisundira zvidimbu zvakananga mufiriji.

Misiyano mikuru nemigumisiro:

Kudzora Kusvibisa:TFF inoderedza kuunganidzwa kwemapuroteni nezvidimbu, zvinozivikanwa sekuumbwa kwekeke, nekugara uchibvisa zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera furu kubva paganda. Izvi zvinoita kuti mvura ipinde zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza kuve nyore.
Kuchengetwa kweMapuroteni:TFF inotsigira manejimendi ari nani e concentration polarization—rukoko rwemamorekuru akachengetwa pedyo ne membrane—izvo, kana zvikasadzorwa, zvinogona kuderedza kusarudzwa kwekupatsanurwa uye kuwedzera kusvibiswa. Kuyerera kwesimba muTFF kunoderedza izvi, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza mapuroteni akawanda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekupatsanurwa.
Kugadzikana kweFlux:TFF inoita kuti ishande kwenguva yakareba uye ichichinja-chinja nguva nenguva, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka mumabasa ane mapuroteni akawanda kana kuti zvidimbu zvakawanda. Kusiyana neizvi, kusefa kwemafuta kunokurumidza kukanganiswa nekusvibiswa, kudzikira kwemushonga uye kunoda kucheneswa nguva nenguva.

Mhando dzeTFF dzakanyanya kunaka, dzakadai sekuchinjana kwetangential flow (ATF), dzinokanganisa kusvibiswa uye kugadzirwa kwekeke nekudzoreredza kana kuchinja kumhanya kwetangential nguva nenguva, kuwedzera hupenyu hwefirita uye kuvandudza protein throughput [ona muchidimbu tsvakurudzo]. MuTFF setups dzekare nedzepamusoro, marongero ekushanda—akadai seTMP, crossflow velocity, uye cleaning frequency—anofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nehurongwa hweprotein chaiyo, membrane type, uye target concentration kuti zviite zvakanaka uye kuderedza kusvibiswa.

Kumanikidzwa kweTransmembrane (TMP) muUltrafiltration

3.1. Chii chinonzi Transmembrane Pressure?

Kumanikidzwa kweTransmembrane (TMP) musiyano wekumanikidzwa pakati pe membrane yekusefa, zvichikonzera solvent kubva kudivi rekudyisa kuenda kudivi rinopinda mvura. TMP ndiyo simba guru riri shure kwemaitiro ekuparadzanisa mu ultrafiltration, zvichibvumira solvent kupfuura nepa membrane uku ichichengetedza mapuroteni nemamwe macromolecules.

Fomura yeTMP:

Musiyano uri nyore: TMP = P_feed − P_permeate
Nzira yekugadzira: TMP = [(P_feed + P_retentate)/2] − P_permeate
Pano, P_feed ndiyo pressure inopinzwa mukati, P_retentate ndiyo pressure inobuda iri kudivi retentate, uye P_permeate ndiyo pressure inobuda parutivi. Kusanganisira pressure inopunzwa mukati (kana kuti concentrate) kunopa kukosha kwakarurama pamusoro pe membrane, zvichiratidza ma pressure gradients anokonzerwa nekusagona kuyerera uye kusvibiswa.
Kumanikidzwa kwekudya uye mwero wekuyerera
Kumanikidzwa kwenguva refu (kana zvichibvira)
Kumanikidzwa kwakazara (kazhinji mumhepo)
Kuramba kwekamera
TMP inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe membrane, dhizaini yesystem, uye mamiriro ekushanda.

Kudzora Zvimiro:

3.2. TMP uye Maitiro eUltrafiltration

TMP ine basa guru mukuwedzera huwandu hwemapuroteni muropa, ichifambisa mhinduro dzemapuroteni kuburikidza nemembrane. Kumanikidzwa kunofanira kunge kwakakwira zvakakwana kuti kukunde kuramba kunobva kumembrane nechero chinhu chakaunganidzwa asi kwete zvakanyanya zvekuti zvinokurumidzisa kusvibiswa.

Kukanganiswa kweMhinduro uye Kuwanda kweMapuroteni

Kupenya kwemhinduro dzeprotein:Kuwanda kwe viscosity kunowedzera kuramba kuyerera kwemvura, zvichireva kuti TMP yakakwira kuti irambe iine kuyerera kwakafanana. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera glycerol muchikafu kana kushanda nemapuroteni akawandisa kunowedzera viscosity saka TMP inoshanda inodiwa.
Kuwanda kwemapuroteni:Sezvo kuwanda kwemvura kuchiwedzera panguva yekuiswa kwemvura yakawanda, viscosity yemvura inokwira, TMP inowedzera, uye njodzi yekusvibiswa kwemembrane kana polarization yemvura inokura.
Mutemo waDarcy:TMP, permeate flux (J), uye viscosity (μ) zvakabatana kuburikidza neTMP = J × μ × R_m (kuramba kwemembrane). Kune mhinduro dzeprotein ine viscosity yakawanda, kugadzirisa TMP kwakakosha kuti ishande zvakanaka.

Mienzaniso:

Kusefa kwemasero ekudzivirira muviri zvakanyanya kunoda kutarisirwa kweTMP nekungwarira kudzivirira kusimba kuri kuwedzera.
PEGylation kana mamwe mapuroteni anochinja mashandiro nemembrane, zvichikanganisa TMP inodiwa kuti pave nekuyerera kweropa.

3.3. Kutarisa uye Kugadzirisa TMP

Kuchengetedza TMP mukati mekumanikidzwa kwe transmembrane kwakajairikaZvakakosha kuti membrane ishande zvakanaka uye kuti chigadzirwa chive chakasimba. Nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo ultrafiltration ichifambira mberi, kupatsanurwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu uye fouling zvinogona kukonzera TMP kukwira, dzimwe nguva nekukurumidza.

Maitiro Ekutarisa:

Kutarisa kwenguva chaiyo:TMP inoteverwa kuburikidza nekupinda, kudzoreredza, uye kupinda mukatizvinotumira zvinodzvinyirira.
Raman Spectroscopy: Kuongororwa kwemasero emuviri:Inoshandiswa pakutarisa huwandu hweprotein ne excipient pasina kupindira mumuviri, zvichiita kuti TMP idzorerwe panguva yekupfapfaidzwa kweropa zvakanyanya uye kupfapfaidzwa kweropa.
Kudzora kwepamusoro:Mafirita eKalman Extended (EKF) anogona kugadzirisa data re sensor, achigadzirisa otomatiki TMP kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwakanyanya.
Isa TMP yekutanga mukati mehuwandu hwakajairika:Kwete kudzika zvakanyanya kuderedza kubuda kwemvura, kwete kukwira zvakanyanya kudzivirira kusvibiswa nekukurumidza.
Gadzirisa TMP sezvo viscosity ichiwedzera:Munguva yekuwanda kwemasero muropa (ultrafiltration concentration phase), wedzera TMP zvishoma nezvishoma kana zvichidikanwa chete.
Kudzora kuyerera kwechikafu uye pH:Kuwedzera flux yekudyisa kana kuderedza TMP kunoderedza kupatsanurwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu uye kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo.
Kuchenesa uye kutsiva membrane:MaTMP akakwira anobatanidzwa nekucheneswa kakawanda uye kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwe membrane.

Kugadzirisa Maitiro:

Mienzaniso:

Kusvibiswa kwengura mumitsetse yekugadzira mapuroteni kunotungamira mukuwedzera kweTMP uye kudzikira kwemvura, zvichida kucheneswa kwemembrane kana kutsiviwa kuti idzorere kushanda kwayo kwakajairika.
Kurapa kwekutanga kweenzyme (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera pectinase) kunogona kuderedza TMP uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemembrane panguva yekusvina mapuroteni erapeseed ane viscosity yakawanda.

3.4. TMP muTFF Systems

Kupfapfaidza kwemvura (TFF) muTangential (transverse) flow filtration (TFF)) kunoshanda nekufambisa mhinduro yekudya kuburikidza nemembrane kwete kuburikidza nayo zvakananga, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya TMP dynamics.

Mutemo uye Kuenzana kweTMP

Kumanikidzwa kweTFF transmembrane (TFF TMP):Inodzorwa nekudzora mwero wekuyerera kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa kwepombi kudzivirira TMP yakawandisa ukuwo ichinyanya kuwedzera kuyerera kwemvura.
Kugadzirisa maparamita:Kuwedzera kwekufamba kwezvikafu kunoderedza kuiswa kwemapuroteni munzvimbo, kunodzivirira TMP, uye kunoderedza kusvibiswa kwemembrane.
Kuenzanisa kwemakomputa:MaCFD models anofanotaura nekugadzirisa TFF TMP kuti chigadzirwa chidzoke, chive chakachena, uye chibudirire zvakanyanya—zvikurukuru zvakakosha kune maitiro akaita se mRNA kana extracellular vesicle isolation.

Mienzaniso:

Mukugadzira bioprocessing, TFF TMP yakanaka kwazvo inoburitsa >70% mRNA recovery pasina kuora, zvichiita kuti nzira dze ultracentrifugation dzishande zvakanaka.
Kudzora kweTMP kwakagadziriswa, kunobva mumamodheru emasvomhu uye mhinduro dzemasensa, kunoderedza kuwanda kwekutsiva membrane uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwemembrane kuburikidza nekuderedza kusvibiswa.

Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinodiwa:

Kumanikidzwa kweTMP transmembrane kunofanirwa kutarisirwa zviri nyore muTFF kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro, flux, uye hutano hwemembrane.
Kugadziriswa kweTMP kwakarongwa kunoderedza mari yekushandisa, kunotsigira kudzoreredzwa kwechigadzirwa chakachena kwazvo, uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwemembrane mukushandiswa kwemapuroteni akawanda uye maitiro akafanana.

Nzira dzeKusvibisa uye Hukama Hwadzo neViscosity

Nzira Huru Dzekusvibisa Mapuroteni Mu Ultrafiltration

Kusvina mapuroteni zvakanyanya kunokanganiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekusvibisa:

Kusvibisa ngura:Zvinoitika kana zvigadzirwa zvengura—zvinowanzova ma iron oxides—zvikaungana pamusoro pe membrane. Izvi zvinoderedza kuyerera uye zvinonetsa kubvisa nemishonga yekuchenesa ine makemikari. Kusvibiswa kwengura kunotungamira mukurasikirwa nekushanda kwe membrane nguva dzose uye kunowedzera kuwanda kwekutsiva membrane nekufamba kwenguva. Kukanganiswa kwayo kwakanyanya zvikuru nePVDF nePES membranes dzinoshandiswa mukurapa mvura uye kushandiswa kwemapuroteni.

Kusvibisa kwezvisikwa:Zvinowanzo kukonzerwa nemapuroteni akadai se bovine serum albumin (BSA), uye zvinogona kuwedzerwa kana paine zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita se polysaccharides (semuenzaniso, sodium alginate). Maitiro acho anosanganisira kunyungudutsa membrane pores, kuvhara maburi, uye kuumbwa kwe cake layer. Mhedzisiro yekubatana inoitika kana paine zvinhu zvakawanda zve organic, uye masisitimu akasanganiswa-akasvibiswa achisangana netsvina yakanyanya kupfuura kudya kwemapuroteni chete.

Kupatsanurana kweKuisa pfungwa:Sezvo kusvina kwemvura zvakanyanya (ultrafiltration) kuchienderera mberi, mapuroteni akachengetwa anoungana pedyo nepamusoro pe membrane, zvichiwedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo uye viscosity. Izvi zvinogadzira polarization layer inowedzera fouling uye inoderedza flux. Maitiro aya anowedzera nekukurumidza sezvo ultrafiltration concentration phase ichifambira mberi, ichikanganiswa zvakananga ne transmembrane pressure uye flow dynamics.

Kusvibisa kweColloidal uye Mixed-Foulant:Zvinhu zveColloidal (semuenzaniso, silica, zvicherwa zvisina kugadzirwa) zvinogona kusangana nemapuroteni, zvichigadzira zvikamu zvakaoma zvemaaggregate zvinowedzera kusvibiswa kwemembrane. Kuvapo kwecolloidal silica, semuenzaniso, kunoderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, kunyanya kana ikasanganiswa nezvinhu zveorganic kana pasi pemamiriro epH asina kunaka.

Kupesvedzera kweKusviba kweMhinduro paKukura kweKusvibiswa

Kuwanda kwemapuroteni kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kinetics yekusvibiswa uye kusimba kwemembrane:

Kukurumidza Kusvibisa:Kuwanda kweprotein solution kunowedzera kuramba kutakurwa kwezvinonyunguduka zvakachengetwa, zvichiita kuti keke rikurumidze kuumbwa. Izvi zvinowedzera transmembrane pressure (TMP), zvichiita kuti membrane ivhare uye iite tsvina.

Mhedzisiro Yekuumbwa Kwemhinduro:Rudzi rwemapuroteni runochinja viscosity; mapuroteni eglobular (semuenzaniso, BSA) nemapuroteni akarebeswa anoita zvakasiyana maererano nekuyerera uye polarization. Kuwedzera makemikari akadai sepolysaccharides kana glycerol kunowedzera viscosity, zvichikurudzira kusvibiswa. Zvinowedzerwa uye kuunganidzwa kwemapuroteni pahuwandu hwakawanda zvinowedzera kuwedzera kumhanya kwekuvhara kwema membrane, zvichideredza zvakananga flux uye hupenyu hwe membrane.

Migumisiro Yekushanda:Kusviba kwakanyanya kunoda TMP yakawedzerwa kuti irambe ichipfapfaidza mukuita kwekupfapfaidza kwemvura inoyerera. Kugara kwenguva refu uchisangana neTMP yakawandisa kunowedzera kusvibiswa kusingadzoreki, kazhinji zvichida kucheneswa kwemembrane kakawanda kana kuti kutsiva membrane nekukurumidza.

Basa reHunhu hweChikafu

Hunhu hwechikafu—zvinova hunhu hwemapuroteni uye kemikari yemvura—hunoratidza kuoma kwekusvibiswa:

Kukura kweMapuroteni uye Kupararira Kwawo:Mapuroteni makuru kana akaunganidzwa ane mukana wakakura wekukonzera kuvhara maburi uye kuungana kwemakeke, zvichiwedzera kunaka uye kusimba kweganda panguva yekuwanda kwemapuroteni anosvinwa zvakanyanya.

pH:pH yakakwira inowedzera kudzoreredzwa kwemagetsi, ichidzivirira mapuroteni kuti asaungane pedyo nemembrane, nokudaro ichideredza kusvibiswa. Kusiyana neizvi, mamiriro eacidic anoderedza kudzoreredzwa, kunyanya kune colloidal silica, zvichiwedzera kusvibiswa kwemembrane uye kudzikisa mwero wekuyerera kwemvura.

Tembiricha:Kupisa kwakaderera kunowanzo deredza simba rekufamba, izvo zvinogona kunonoka kusvibiswa kwemvura asi zvinowedzerawo kusviba kwemvura. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunokurumidza kusvibiswa kwemvura asi kunogonawo kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchenesa.

Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa: Colloidal/Inorganic:Kuvapo kwecolloidal silica kana simbi kunowedzera kusvibiswa, kunyanya kana paine acidity. Zvidimbu zvesilica zvinowedzera viscosity yemvura yese uye zvinovhara maburi, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwe ultrafiltration husashande zvakanaka uye hunoderedza hupenyu hwese hwe membrane uye kushanda kwayo.

Kuumbwa kweIonic:Kuwedzera mamwe marudzi eionic (Na⁺, Zn²⁺, K⁺) kunogona kuderedza kusvibiswa nekuchinja masimba emagetsi uye emvura pakati pemapuroteni nema membrane. Zvisinei, maion akaita seCa²⁺ anowanzo kurudzira kuungana uye kuwedzera kugona kusvibiswa.

Mienzaniso:

Munguva yekusefa kwemvura inoyerera nepakati, chikafu chine mapuroteni akawanda ane huremu hwakawanda uye kusimba kwakanyanya chichakurumidza kudzikira kwemvura, zvichiwedzera kuchenesa nekutsiva.
Kana mvura yekudyisa iine colloidal silica uye ikava neacid, kuunganidzwa kwe silica uye kuiswa kwayo kunowedzera, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemasero uye kudzikira kwekushanda kwemembrane.

Muchidimbu, kunzwisisa kubatana kuripo pakati pekusviba kwemvura, mhando dzemafuru, uye hunhu hwekudya kwakakosha pakuvandudza huwandu hwemafuru anosvinwa zvakanyanya, kuderedza mafuru emvura, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemafuru.

Kupatsanurana kweConcentration uye Kutarisirwa Kwayo

Chii Chinonzi Kuparadzanisa Kuisa Pfungwa?

Kuunganidzwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakanyungudika (concentration polarization) ndiko kuunganidzwa kwenzvimbo yakachengetedzwa—senge mapuroteni—pa membrane/solution interface panguva yekupfapfaidzwa kwemvura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu emhinduro dzeprotein, mvura painoyerera ichipesana ne membrane inopindika zvishoma, mapuroteni anorambwa ne membrane anowanzo ungana muchikamu chidiki chiri pedyo nepamusoro. Kuunganidzwa uku kunoita kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu: huwandu hwakawanda hwemapuroteni pa membrane, hwakaderera zvikuru mu bulk solution. Chiitiko ichi chinodzokororwa uye chinodzorwa ne hydrodynamic forces. Chinosiyana nekusvibiswa kwe membrane, uko kunosanganisira kuiswa kwenguva refu kana kunyungudika mukati kana pamusoro pe membrane.

Kuwanda kweConcentration Polarization Kunowedzera Sei Viscosity uye Fouling?

Pamusoro peganda, kuungana kwemapuroteni nguva dzose kunoumba muganhu unowedzera huwandu hwe solute munzvimbo. Izvi zvine mhedzisiro mbiri dzakakosha:

Kuwedzera Kwenzvimbo Mukusagadzikana:Sezvo huwandu hweprotein huchikwira pedyo nemembrane, viscosity ye protein solution munzvimbo iyi inowedzerawo. Viscosity yakakwira inotadzisa kutakura kwe solute kubva kumembrane, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera gradient ye concentration uye kugadzira feedback loop yekuwedzera kuramba kuyerera. Izvi zvinoguma nekudzikira kwe permeate flux uye kudiwa kwesimba rakawanda kuti rirambe richisefa.

Kubatsira kweKusvibiswa kweMembrane:Kuwanda kwemapuroteni pedyo nemembrane kunowedzera mukana wekuungana kwemapuroteni uye, mune mamwe masisitimu, kuumbwa kweganda regel. Rutivi urwu runovhara maburi eganda uye runowedzera kuramba kuyerera. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akakodzera kutanga kwekusvibiswa kusingadzoreki, uko mapuroteni anoungana uye tsvina inosungana nemuviri kana nemakemikari kune membrane matrix.

Kufungidzira kwekuyedza (semuenzaniso, electron microscopy) kunosimbisa kukurumidza kuungana kwemapuroteni akakura pamembrane, ayo anogona kukura kuita zvikamu zvakakura kana mamiriro ekushanda akasatarisirwa nemazvo.

Maitiro Ekuderedza Kupatsanurana Kwepfungwa

Kugadzirisa kupatsanurwa kwehuwandu hwemapuroteni mu ultrafiltration kana transverse flow filtration kunoda nzira mbiri: kugadzirisa hydrodynamics uye kugadzirisa mashandiro emuviri.

Kugadzirisa Kumhanya Kwemuchinjiko:
Kukwidza kumhanya kwekuyambuka kunowedzera kuyerera kwetangential mumembrane, zvichikurudzira kuchekwa uye kutetepa kwechikamu chemuganhu we concentration layer. Kuchekwa kwakasimba kunotsvaira mapuroteni akaunganidzwa kubva pamusoro pemembrane, zvichideredza polarization uye njodzi yekusvibiswa. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa static mixers kana kuisa gas sparging zvinokanganisa solute layer, kunyanya kuvandudza permeate flux uye kushanda zvakanaka mu transverse flow filtration process.

Kugadzirisa MaParameter Ekushanda:

Kumanikidzwa kweTransmembrane (TMP):TMP mutsauko wekumanikidzwa pakati pe membrane uye simba rinoita kuti ultrafiltration iwedzere. Zvisinei, kusundira TMP kumusoro kuti ikurumidze kupfapfaidza kunogona kukanganisa nekuwedzera polarization ye concentration. Kutevedzera mazinga ekumanikidzwa kwe transmembrane—kusapfuura miganhu yakatarwa ye protein ultrafiltration—kunobatsira kudzivirira kuwanda kwe solute uye kuwedzera kwakabatana ne local viscosity.

Mwero wekuchekerera:Mwero wekuchekwa kwesimbi, unoenderana nekumhanya kwemvura inoyerera uye dhizaini yemugero, une basa guru mukufambiswa kwesimbi inonyungudika. Kuchekwa kwesimbi kunochengetedza polarization layer yakatetepa uye ichifamba, zvichibvumira kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yakanyungudika iri pedyo nemembrane. Kuwedzera mwero wekuchekwa kwesimbi kunoderedza nguva iyo mapuroteni anofanira kuungana uye kuderedza kukwira kweviscosity panzvimbo inosvikika.

Zvimiro zvechikafu:Kugadzirisa hunhu hwemushonga weprotein unouya—sekudzikisa viscosity yemushonga weprotein, kuderedza huwandu hweprotein, kana kudzora pH uye simba reionic—kunogona kubatsira kuderedza huwandu uye kukanganisa kwe concentration polarization. Kugadziriswa kwekudya usati watanga uye shanduko dzemushonga zvinogona kuwedzera mashandiro emushonga we ultrafiltration uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemushonga we membrane nekuderedza kuwanda kwekucheneswa kwemushonga we membrane.

Muenzaniso weKushandisa:
Chirimwa chinoshandisa tangential flow filtration (TFF) kuti chisanganise monoclonal antibodies chinoshandisa kumhanya kwe cross-flow kwakanyatsogadzirwa uye chinochengetedza TMP mukati mehwindo rakasimba. Nekuita izvi, vashandisi vanoderedza kupatsanurana kwe concentration uye membrane fouling, vachideredza frequency yekutsiva membrane uye cleansing cycles—zvichideredza zvakananga mari yekushanda uye kuvandudza goho rezvigadzirwa.

Kugadziriswa kwakakodzera uye kutarisa kwezvinhu izvi—kusanganisira kuyerwa kwe viscosity yemhinduro yeprotein munguva chaiyo—zvakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro ehuwandu hwe ultrafiltration uye kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa ine chekuita ne concentration polarization mukugadzirisa mapuroteni.

Kugadzirisa Ultrafiltration yeHigh-Vicosity Protein Solutions

6.1. Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekushanda

Kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwe ultrafiltration ne high-viscosity protein solutions kunoda kuenzana kwakanaka pakati pe transmembrane pressure (TMP), protein concentration, uye solution viscosity. TMP—musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwe ultramembrane—inokanganisa zvakananga mwero we ultrafiltration protein concentration uye mwero we membrane fouling. Pakugadzira viscous solutions dzakadai se monoclonal antibodies kana high-concentration serum proteins, chero kuwedzera kwakanyanya kweTMP kunogona kutanga kwawedzera flux, asi zvakare kunokurumidza kukurumidza fouling uye protein collection pamusoro pe membrane. Izvi zvinotungamira kune process yekusefa isina kugadzikana uye isina kugadzikana, yakasimbiswa nezvidzidzo zvekufungidzira zvinoratidza dense protein layers dzichiumbwa pakakwirira TMP uye protein concentrations pamusoro pe 200 mg/mL.

Nzira yakanakisisa inosanganisira kushandisa sisitimu pedyo, asi isingapfuure, TMP yakakosha. Panguva ino, kubereka kunowedzera asi njodzi yekusvibiswa kusingadzoreki inoramba iri shoma. Kune viscosities yakanyanya, zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuderedza TMP uye kuwedzera panguva imwe chete feed flow (transverse flow filtration) kubatsira kuderedza concentration polarization uye protein deposition. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo muFc-fusion protein concentration zvinoratidza kuti TMP settings yakaderera inobatsira kuchengetedza stable flux ukuwo ichideredza kurasikirwa kwechigadzirwa.

Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye nenzira yakarongwa kwehuwandu hweprotein panguva yekusvina ultrafiltration kwakakosha. Matanho ekusvina protein nekukurumidza anogona kumanikidza mhinduro kuti ipinde mu high-viscosity regime nekukurumidza, zvichiwedzera njodzi dzekuunganidzwa uye kuoma kwekusvibiswa. Pane kudaro, kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma huwandu hweprotein kunobvumira kuti process parameters dzakadai seTMP, cross-flow velocity, uye pH zvigadziriswe panguva imwe chete, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwesystem. Zvidzidzo zve enzyme ultrafiltration zvinosimbisa kuti kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kwekushanda panguva idzi kunovimbisa kuwedzera kwakadzorwa kwehuwandu, kuderedza kudzikira kweflux uku uchidzivirira kusimba kwechigadzirwa.

6.2. Kuwanda kweKutsiva Membrane uye Kugadzirisa

Kuwanda kwekutsiviwa kwemembrane mu ultrafiltration kwakabatana zvakanyanya nezviratidzo zvekusvibiswa uye kudzikira kweflux. Pane kungovimba chete nekuderera kweflux sechiratidzo chekuguma kwehupenyu, kutarisa kuramba kwekusvibiswa kwakanangana—chiyero chehuwandu chinomiririra kuramba kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaunganidzwa—kwave kwakavimbika, kunyanya mukudya kwemapuroteni akasanganiswa kana mapuroteni-polysaccharide, uko kusvibiswa kunogona kuitika nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya.

Kutarisa zvimwe zviratidzo zvekusvibisa kwakakoshawo. Zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekuiswa pamusoro, kuyerera kusina kuenzana, kana kuwedzera kweTMP nguva dzose (pasinei nekucheneswa) zvese zviratidzo zvekusvibisa kwakakura kusati kwaitika membrane. Matekiniki akadai sekutevera modified fouling index (MFI-UF) uye kuibatanidza nekushanda kwemembrane zvinogonesa kuronga nguva yekutsiva pane kuchinja kwe reactive, nokudaro zvichideredza nguva yekushanda uye kudzora mari yekugadzirisa.

Kusimba kwemembrane hakukanganisirwi chete nekuunganidzwa kweorganic foluant asiwo nekuora, kunyanya mumabasa ari pa pH yakanyanya kana nemunyu wakawanda. Kuongororwa nguva dzose uye maitiro ekuchenesa makemikari anofanirwa kuitwa kuti agadzirise ngura nekuiswa kwefoluant. Kana kusvibiswa kwakabatana nengura kwaonekwa, kuchenesa membrane kakawanda uye nguva dzekutsiva dzinofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti membrane inogara kwenguva refu uye kushanda kwemembrane nguva dzose. Kugadzirisa kwakakwana uye kwakarongwa kwakakosha kuderedza mhedzisiro yezvinetso izvi uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.

6.3. Kudzora Maitiro uye Kuyera Kusviba Kwakapinza

Kuyera kwakarurama uye panguva chaiyo kwe viscosity ye protein solution kwakakosha pakudzora maitiro mu ultrafiltration, kunyanya sezvo huwandu uye viscosities zvichiwedzera. Inline viscosity measurement systems dzinopa kutarisa nguva dzose, zvichibvumira mhinduro nekukurumidza uye zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe zvine simba kuma parameters esystem.

Tekinoroji itsva dzakachinja mamiriro ekuyera viscosity yeprotein solution:

Raman Spectroscopy neKalman Filtering: Kuongororwa kweRaman munguva chaiyo, kunotsigirwa nemafirita eKalman akawedzerwa, kunoita kuti pave nekutevera kwakasimba kwehuwandu hweprotein uye buffer composition. Nzira iyi inowedzera kunzwa uye kururama, ichitsigira otomatiki maitiro ekuwedzera huwandu hwe ultrafiltration uye difiltration.

Kinematic Capillary Viscometry inozviitikira yoga: Ichishandisa kuona kwekombiyuta, tekinoroji iyi inoyera otomatiki viscosity yemhinduro, ichikunda zvikanganiso zvemaoko uye ichipa kutarisa kunodzokororwa, kwakawanda-wanda mumatanho akawanda ekuita. Inosimbiswa kune ese ari maviri mapuroteni akajairwa uye akaomarara uye inoderedza kupindira panguva yechikamu chekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemapuroteni.

Zvishandiso zveMicrofluidic Rheology: Masisitimu eMicrofluidic anopa mapuroteni akadzama, anoenderera mberi, kunyangwe kune mhinduro dzeprotein dzisiri dzeNewtonian, dzine viscosity yakawanda. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mukugadzira mishonga, kutsigira maitiro ekuongorora maitiro (PAT) uye kubatanidzwa nemhinduro dzinoenderana.

Kudzora maitiro uchishandisa maturusi aya kunogonesa kuiswa kwemhinduro dzekugadzirisa TMP panguva chaiyo, chiyero chekudyisa, kana kumhanya kwekuyambuka mukupindura shanduko dze viscosity. Semuenzaniso, kana inline sensing ikaona kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwe viscosity (nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe concentration kana aggregation), TMP inogona kudzikiswa otomatiki kana kumhanya kwekuyambuka kukwidziridzwa kudzikisa kutanga kwe concentration polarization mu ultrafiltration. Maitiro aya haangowedzere hupenyu hwe membrane chete asiwo anotsigira mhando yechigadzirwa inoenderana nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinokanganisa viscosity ye protein solutions nenzira inochinja.

Kusarudzwa kwetekinoroji yekutarisa viscosity yakakodzera kunoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvekushandiswa kwe ultrafiltration, kusanganisira huwandu hwe viscosity hunotarisirwa, kuomarara kwekugadzirwa kweprotein, zvinodiwa zvekubatanidza, uye mutengo. Kufambira mberi uku mukutarisa kwenguva chaiyo uye kutonga kwemaitiro kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwekuvandudza ultrafiltration yemhinduro dzeprotein dzine viscosity yakawanda, zvichivimbisa kugadzikana kwekushanda uye goho guru rezvigadzirwa.

Kugadzirisa Matambudziko uye Matambudziko Akajairika muProtein Ultrafiltration

7.1. Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, uye Mishonga

Kuwedzera Kumanikidzwa kweTransmembrane

Kukwira kwe transmembrane pressure (TMP) panguva yekusvina kwe ultramembrane kunoratidza kukura kwe resistance pa membrane. Mhedzisiro yekudzvanywa kwe transmembrane pa ultramembrane pressure yakananga: huwandu hwe transmembrane pressure hwakajairika hunowanzoenderana nemaitiro, asi kuwedzera kwenguva refu kunofanirwa kuongororwa. Zvikonzero zviviri zvakajairika zvinobuda pachena:

Kuwanda kwepuroteni inobuda muropa:Sezvo kusimba kweprotein solutions kuchikwira—kazhinji kana protein protein yakawanda ichipfapfaidzwa zvakanyanya—kumanikidzwa kunodiwa kuti mvura ifambe kunokwira. Izvi zvinoonekwa mumatanho ekupedzisira ekuwedzera kwehuwandu uye ekuwedzera kwehuwandu apo solutions dzinenge dzakanyanya kupfapfaidzwa.
Kusvibiswa kwemembrane:Zvinhu zvinokanganisa ganda zvakaita semapuroteni aggregates kana polysaccharide-protein mixes zvinogona kunamatira kana kuvhara mapores eganda, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kweTMP.

Mishonga:

Kuderedza TMP uye kuwedzera mafambiro ekudya: Kuderedza TMP ukuwo kuwedzera kumhanya kwekudya kunoderedza kupatsanurana kwehuwandu uye kuumbwa kweganda regel, zvichikurudzira kutenderera kwakasimba.
Kuchenesa membrane nguva dzose: Gadzira nguva yakakwana yekuchenesa membrane kubvisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvakaunganidzwa. Tarisa kushanda kwayo kuburikidza nekuyera viscosity yeprotein solution mushure mekuchenesa.
Tsiva membranes dzinokwegura: Kuwedzera kwekutsiva membrane kunogona kudiwa kana kucheneswa kusina kukwana kana kuti hupenyu hwemembrane hwasvika padanho repamusoro.

Kuderera kweFlux Rate: Muti wekuongorora

Kudzikira kwekufamba kwenguva dzose kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinda mumuviri panguva yekusveta masero muropa kunoratidza kuti pane dambudziko rekubudirira. Tevedzera nzira iyi yekuongorora:

Tarisa TMP uye viscosity:Kana zvese zvawedzera, tarisa kana paine tsvina kana kuti gel layer.
Ongorora huwandu hwechikafu uye pH:Kuchinja kuno kunogona kuchinja kunaka kwemapuroteni uye kukurudzira kusvibiswa.
Ongorora mashandiro e membrane:Kuderera kwekuyerera kwemvura inoyerera kunyangwe paine zviratidzo zvekuchenesa zvinogona kukuvara kwemembrane kana kusvibiswa kusingadzoreki.

Mhinduro:

Gadzirisa tembiricha, pH, uye simba reionic muchikafu chemhuka kuti uderedze kusvibiswa uye kupararira kwehuwandu hwezvinhu panguva yekupfapfaidza kwemvura zvakanyanya.
Shandisa mamodule emembrane akagadziriswa pamusoro kana kutenderera kuti uvhiringidze magadziko egel uye udzorere flux.
Ita nguva dzose kuyera viscosity yeprotein solution kuti ufungisise shanduko dzinokanganisa kuyerera kwemvura.

Kukurumidza Kusvibisa kana Kuumbwa kweGel Layer

Kugadzirwa kweganda nekukurumidza kunokonzerwa nekupararira kwakanyanya kweganda pamusoro peganda. Kumanikidzwa kwe transverse flow filtration (TFF) transmembrane kunonyanya kukanganiswa kana paine mamiriro ekudyisa ane viscosity yakawanda kana kuti ane mapuroteni akawanda.

Maitiro Ekuderedza Dambudziko:

Isa pamusoro pema membrane anonyungudika, asina chaji yakawanda (semuenzaniso, ma membrane ePolyvinylidene fluoride [PVDF]) kuderedza kubatana kwemapuroteni uye kubatana kwawo.
Isa mushonga wekurapa uchishandisa kuonda kana electrocoagulation kubvisa zvinhu zvine tsvina yakawanda usati waisa mushonga we ultrafiltration.
Batanidza michina yemakanika yakaita semamodule anotenderera mukuita kwekusefa kwemvura inoyerera kuti uderedze ukobvu hwemakeke uye unonoke kuumbwa kwegel layer.

7.2. Kugadzirisa Kuchinja KwemaFeed

Masisitimu ekuchenesa mapuroteni anofanirwa kuchinjika zvichienderana nekusiyana kwehunhu hwemapuroteni ekudyisa kana kuumbwa kwawo. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kusimba kwezvigadziro zvemapuroteni—zvakadai sekuumbwa kwebuffer, kuwanda kwemapuroteni, uye kufambira mberi kwekuunganidza—zvinogona kuchinja maitiro ehurongwa.

Maitiro Ekugadzirisa

Kutarisa viscosity uye kuumbwa kwayo munguva chaiyo:Isa masensa ekuongorora ari mumutsara (Raman spectroscopy + Kalman filtering) kuti uone nekukurumidza shanduko dzekudya, nzira dzeUV kana IR dzinoshanda zvakanaka kupfuura dzimwe.
Kudzora maitiro anochinjika:Gadzirisa marongero eparameter (mwero wekuyerera, TMP, kusarudzwa kwemembrane) zvichienderana nekuchinja kwakaonekwa. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kweprotein solution viscosity kunogona kuda TMP yakaderera uye mwero wekucheka wakakwira.
Sarudzo yeMembrane:Shandisa ma membrane ane saizi yemaburi uye makemikari epamusoro akagadzirirwa hunyanzvi hwekudya huripo, kuyera kuchengetedza mapuroteni uye kuyerera kwawo.
Kurapa kwekudya usati wadya:Kana kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwekudya kukakonzera kusvibiswa, isa kuonda kana matanho ekusefa pamusoro pe ultrafiltration.

Mienzaniso:

Mukugadzirisa zvinhu zvipenyu, buffer switches kana shanduko muma antibody aggregates zvinofanira kukonzera kugadziriswa kweTMP uye kuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza ne control system.
Pakusvina kwe chromatography-linked ultrafiltration, adaptive mixing-integer optimization algorithms inogona kuderedza kusiyana uye kuderedza mari yekushanda uku ichichengetedza mashandiro e ultrafiltration membrane.

Kutevera nguva dzose kuyerwa kweprotein solution viscosity uye kugadzirisa nekukurumidza mamiriro ezvinhu zvinobatsira kugadzirisa huwandu hwe ultrafiltration, kuchengetedza throughput, uye kuderedza fouling ye membrane uye concentration polarization.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

8.1. Ndeipi nhanho yakajairika yekumanikidzwa kwe transmembrane mukusvinwa kwemapuroteni zvakanyanya?

Kuwanda kwe transmembrane pressure (TMP) mu ultrafiltration protein concentration systems kunoenderana nerudzi rwe membrane, dhizaini ye module, uye hunhu hwekudya. Kune akawanda ma protein ultrafiltration processes, TMP inowanzo chengetwa pakati pe 1 kusvika 3 bar (15–45 psi). TMP values iri pamusoro pe 0.2 MPa (inenge 29 psi) inogona kuisa njodzi yekukuvara kwe membrane, kusvibiswa nekukurumidza, uye hupenyu hupfupi hwe membrane. Mukushandiswa kwe biomedical uye bioprocessing, TMP inokurudzirwa haifanirwe kudarika 0.8 bar (~12 psi) kudzivirira membrane kuputika. Kune maitiro akadai sekupfapfaidza kwe transverse flow, kugara mukati meiyi TMP range kunodzivirira goho uye kusimba kweprotein.

8.2. Kusimba kweprotein solutions kunokanganisa sei mashandiro e ultrafiltration?

Kuwanda kweprotein solution kunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro e ultrafiltration concentration. Kuwanda kweprotein solution kunowedzera kuramba kwe flow resistance uye kunowedzera TMP, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwe permeate flux uye kukurumidza kusvibiswa kwe membrane. Izvi zvinoonekwa ne monoclonal antibodies kana Fc-fusion proteins pa high concentration, uko viscosity inowedzera nekuda kwekudyidzana kweprotein-protein uye charge effects. Kutarisira nekugadzirisa viscosity ne excipients kana enzymatic treatments kunovandudza flux, kunoderedza fouling, uye kunobvumira kuwanda kwepamusoro kunowanikwa panguva ye ultrafiltration concentration phase. Kutarisa kuyerwa kweprotein solution viscosity kwakakosha kuti kuchengetedza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.

8.3. Chii chinonzi concentration polarization uye nei ichikosha muTFF?

Kupokana kwehuwandu mu ultrafiltration kuunganidzwa kwemapuroteni pamusoro pe membrane, zvichikonzera kukwira kwe gradient pakati pe bulk solution ne membrane interface. Mukupokana kwe transverse flow, izvi zvinotungamira kuwedzera kwe local viscosity uye kudzikira kwe reversible flux. Kana zvikasatarisirwa, zvinogona kukurudzira membrane fouling uye kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem. Kugadzirisa concentration polarization mu ultrafiltration kunosanganisira kugadzirisa cross-flow rates, TMP, uye membrane selection kuchengetedza thin polarization layer. Kudzora kwakarurama kunoita kuti throughput ive yakakwira uye fouling risk ive yakaderera.

8.4. Ndingasarudza sei kuti ndichatsiva riini membrane yangu ye ultrafiltration?

Tsiva membrane ye ultrafiltration kana ukaona kudzikira kukuru kwe throughput (flux), kuwedzera kuripo muTMP uko kusingagone kugadziriswa nekuchenesa kwakajairika, kana kusvibiswa kunoonekwa kunosara mushure mekuchenesa. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa nekusarudza (kutadza kuramba mapuroteni anotarisirwa sezvaitarisirwa) uye kutadza kusvika pazvinodiwa zvekushanda. Kutarisa frequency yekutsiva membrane ne flux yenguva dzose uye bvunzo yekusarudza ndiyo hwaro hwekuwedzera hupenyu hwe membrane mumaitiro e ultrafiltration concentration protein solution.

8.5. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvandinogona kugadzirisa kuti ndideredze kusvibiswa kwemapuroteni muTFF?

Zvikamu zvakakosha zvekushanda kwekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemapuroteni mukupfapfaidzwa kwemvura inoyerera zvinosanganisira:

Chengetedza kumhanya kwakakwana kwekuyambuka kweropa kuti uderedze kuunganidzwa kwemapuroteni munharaunda uye ugadzirise kupatsanurwa kwehuwandu hwemapuroteni.
Shandisa mukati mehuwandu hweTMP hunokurudzirwa, kazhinji 3–5 psi (0.2–0.35 bar), kudzivirira kubuda kwechinhu zvakanyanya uye kukuvara kwemembrane.
Shandisa nzira dzekuchenesa membrane nguva dzose kudzivirira kusvibiswa kusingadzoreki.
Tarisa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, gadzirira mushonga wekudyisa kuti udzore kusviba (semuenzaniso, uchishandisa mishonga ye enzyme yakaita se pectinase).
Sarudza zvinhu zve membrane uye saizi dzemaburi (MWCO) zvakakodzera saizi yemapuroteni anotarisirwa uye zvinangwa zvekushanda.

Kubatanidza hydrocyclone prefiltration kana enzymatic pretreatment kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro esystem, kunyanya kune high-viscosity feeds. Tarisa zvakanyatsonaka feed structure uye gadzirisa marongero nenzira inochinja kuti uderedze membrane fouling uye gadzirisa ultrafiltration concentration phase.