ContinuousKuyerwa kwehuwandu hwepropylene yemvura chinhu chakakosha pakushanda kwakachengeteka, kwakanaka, uye kwemhando yepamusoro kwenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mukuchenesa, kuchengetedza, uye kubata propylene. Izvi zvinoumba hwaro hwekudzora zvinhu, kuenzana kwezvinhu, uye kuona kuti zvese maitiro uye zvirevo zvekupedzisira zvechigadzirwa—senge zvepropylene yemhando yepolymer—zvinozadzikiswa zvakavimbika. Kune zvinhu zvinoshanduka-shanduka uye zvine simba senge propylene, data rehuwandu chaihwo harisi chinhu chinodiwa chete asiwo chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza chinokanganisa kuverenga kwekuzadza tangi, kuona nzvimbo yeutsi, uye kuderedza njodzi mumamiriro ekuchengetedza nekutamisa.
Nhanganyaya
Propylene (PGP) ine hutsanana hwakanyanya, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha muindasitiri yemakemikari yemazuva ano, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwepolypropylene. Nekuchena kwayo kunowanzo pfuura 99.5%, PGP inoita kuti polymerization ishande zvakanaka, ishande zvakanaka, uye inogadzira polypropylene ine hunhu hwakafanana hwemuviri nemakemikari. Hunhu hwePGP hunokanganisa zvakananga maindasitiri kubva pakurongedza nezvikamu zvemotokari kusvika kumagetsi nemidziyo yekurapa, uko kunyangwe shanduko diki muchimiro chepolymer kana simba remakanika zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura.
Kugadzirwa kwePropylene
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Kucheneswa kwepropylene kusvika padanho re polymer kunosanganisira kubvisa zvisaririra zve propane, dienes, oxygenates, nezvimwe zvinogona kusvibisa. Tsvina iyi, kunyangwe iri pamazinga eppm, inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya ma catalysts anonzwa senge Ziegler-Natta neMetallocene systems, zvichikonzera kudzimwa kwe catalyst, kudzikira kwegoho, kugoverwa kwakakura kwema molecular, uye kuchinja hunhu hwe end-product. Polypropylene plants dzinoshandisa matekiniki akadai se advanced distillation, adsorption by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), uye membrane separation kuderedza tsvina iyi uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemaitiro.
Kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka uye kubata zvakanaka propylene yemvura kwakakosha nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hune njodzi. Propylene inobvira moto zvakanyanya, inochengetwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakakwira, uye inogadzira musanganiswa unoputika nemhepo. Maitiro akasimba anodiwa: kuchengetwa kunofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo dzine mhepo yakanaka uchishandisa zvirongo zvine certification high pressure zvine zvishandiso zvekubvisa kumanikidzwa uye kutarisa utsi. Vashandi vakadzidziswa chete ndivo vanofanirwa kuita mabasa ekutamisa uye kutora sampuli vachitevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza basa, vachiona kuti chigadzirwa chakachengeteka uye kuchengetedzeka kwebasa.
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha pakuwanikwa kwepropylene kwakavimbika kuyerwa kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwepropylene yemvura—chinhu chakabatana zvakanyanya nekudzora mashandiro, manejimendi yezvinhu, uye mhando yechigadzirwa. Kuyera huwandu hwezvinwiwa, kunyanya propylene, kwakakosha pakuona kuchena uye pakuenzanisa kuyerera uye kuyerwa kwehuwandu panguva yekuchengetedza, kutamisa, uye polymerization feed stages. Nzira dzechinyakare dzakadai sekuyera kwehydrostatic dzinopa hunhu hwekutarisa asi hadzina kukodzera kushandiswa nguva dzose munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri. Mhinduro dzepamusoro—mamita ehuwandu hweoscillation-type, kusanganisira ayo akagadzirwa neLonnmeter—anogonesa kutarisa mukati, panguva chaiyo, achitsigira kuvimbiswa kwemhando uye kushanda zvakanaka. Midziyo iyi inopa kururama kwakanyanya uye yakagadzirwa kuti ishande pasi pekupisa kwakaoma uye kumanikidzwa kunosangana nako mukugadzirwa kwepropylene nepolypropylene, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderana uye kutevedzana kwese kwese kwese kwese kwese kwese.
Kunzwisisa kubatana kuripo pakati pekucheneswa kwepropylene, kusimba kwekudya kwemuchina, nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakachengeteka, uye kuyerwa kwakasimba kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakakosha kuti propylene ienderane, yepamusoro-soro uye yepamusoro-soro yemhando yepolymer ienderane nemiti yepasi rose yepolypropylene, zvichichengetedza mashandiro uye mwero wekuchengetedza unodiwa neindasitiri.
Propylene yePolymer-Grade: Tsanangudzo, Zvimiro, uye Kugadzirwa
Chii chinonzi Polymer-Grade Propylene?
Propylene yemhando yepolymer imhando yepropylene yakacheneswa zvakanyanya (C₃H₆) inokosha pakugadzira polypropylene nedzimwe polymer. Kukosha kwayo kunobva mukudikanwa kwakasimba kwemhando ye polymerization catalysts dzakadai seZiegler-Natta uye metallocene systems. Aya ma catalysts anonyanya kubatwa nezvinosvibisa zvakaita sesarufa, phosphorus, mvura, uye oxygenates, izvo zvinogona kudzima catalyst uye kuderedza kunaka kwechigadzirwa chepolymer. Nekuda kweizvi, propylene yemhando yepolymer inofanira kudarika chiyero chekuchena che99.5%, nezvinodiwa zveindasitiri zvinosvika 99.7%. Huremu hwesarufa hunogumira pasi pe0.1–0.2 ppm, phosphorus inowanzo pasi pe0.1 ppm, uye mvura pasi pe5 ppm kuchengetedza basa re catalyst uye hupenyu hurefu. Matekinoroji e catalyst anokwikwidzana, akadai seaya anoshandiswa muhuwandu, mhinduro, uye gas-phase polymerizations, akasiyana mukushivirira kwawo kusvibiswa, asi ese anoda feedstock yakacheneswa zvakanyanya kuti ashande zvakanaka uye ashande zvakanaka. Kuchengetedza kuchena uku kwakakosha kudzivirira kutsiva zvinhu zvinodhura uye nguva yekushanda inokonzerwa nekudzima kana kusvibiswa kwechikafu chekugadzira propylene.
Zvimiro Zvikuru zveMuviri
Propylene igesi isina ruvara, inoshanduka-shanduka zvakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, ine matambudziko akasiyana ekubata nekuchengetera. Pokufashaira kwayo i -47.6 °C, uye pokunyunguduka kwayo i -185 °C. Kana ikachengetwa kana kutakurwa semvura iri pasi pekumanikidzwa, kunzwisisa huwandu hwepropylene yemvura uye kusagadzikana kwakakosha kuti ishande zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka. Pa -48 °C uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, huwandu hwepropylene yemvura hunosvika 0.51 g/cm³. Pasi pekuchengetwa kwakajairwa kwepressurized (semuenzaniso, 8–10 bar, 20°C), huwandu hunogona kukwira kusvika pa0.49–0.52 g/cm³. Aya ma density parameters akakosha pakuyera process mass balances, saizi yetangi, uye kuyerwa kwemazinga. Propylene ine density inosvika 1.5 kakapetwa mu vapor phase kupfuura mhepo, zvichikonzera kuti vapor vanobuda vaungane munzvimbo dzakadzika, zvichikonzera njodzi dzinoputika. Kuyera kwakakodzera kwehuwandu hwemvura inogadzirwa nepropylene kunowanikwa kuburikidza nemamita chaiwo ehuwandu hwemvura inogadzirwa neLonnmeter, zvichibvumira vashandisi kutarisa nekudzora zvinhu zviri mudura nemazvo uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuchengetera. Kushanduka kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye maitiro echikamu zvinoda mhinduro dzakagadzirwa kuti pave nekupatsanurwa kwechikamu, kudzora flash, uye kuona kubuda kwemvura panguva yekubata nekuchengetedza.
Nzira Dzekutanga Dzekugadzira
Nzira huru dzemaindasitiri dzekugadzira propylene yemhando yepolymer ndeyekupwanya kwemhepo, kupwanya kwecatalytic, uye kusaenzana kweolefin (zvikurukuru metathesis).
Kutsemuka kweSteam:Kupwanyika kwemahydrocarbon (naphtha, LPG, kana ethane) kunonyanya kukonzera ethylene asi kunogadzirawo propylene yakakosha. Zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvine musanganiswa wemahydrocarbon anoda kucheneswa kwematanho akawanda, kusanganisira cryogenic distillation uye hydrogenation, kuti asvike padanho re polymer-grade. Dambudziko rimwe nderekuti propylene nepropane zvinofashaira zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti kupatsanurwa kuve kwakaoma uye zvinokwidza mitengo yesimba nemidziyo.
Kutsemuka kweCatalytic:Zvikamu zveFCC zvinoshandura mafuta egasi kuita maalkenes akareruka, zvichigadzira propylene sechinhu chikuru chinobatanidzwa. FCC nemamwe maitiro akafanana anogadzirawo maolefin akakwira (C₄–C₈), ayo anozopedzisira apwanyika anogona kuwedzera goho repropylene asi anowedzera kuomarara kune maitiro ekuparadzanisa.
Kusaenzana kweOlefin (Metathesis):Tekinoroji dzekuchinja-chinja, dzakadai sekuita kwe ethylene ne butenes, dzinogonesa kugadzirwa kwe propylene zvakananga. Nzira idzi dzinokwezva kuti feedstock igone kuchinjika uye dzinogona kugadzira zvakananga marwizi akachena kwazvo asina zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinorema, zvichideredza kudiwa kwekucheneswa kwemvura. Zvisinei, mhando yefeedstock uye ma profiles ezvigadzirwa zvishoma zvichiri kukanganisa dhizaini yesystem yekuchenesa.
Maitiro ekugadzira anoburitsa zvinhu zvinobva pazviri—kubva kuhydrogen, methane, uye mahydrocarbon akasiyana-siyana eC₄+ kusvika pakutsvaira tsvina—izvo zvinofanirwa kupatsanurwa zvinobudirira kuti propylene iparadzaniswe pahutsanana hwe polymer. Slate yenzira yega yega inosarudza kusimba uye hunhu hwekucheneswa kwemvura, kunyanya mukubvisa propane, unsaturates, uye trace chepfu. Matanho ekuchenesa, anosanganisira selective hydrogenation, distillation, adsorption, uye advanced membrane systems, akagadzirirwa maitiro ese kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvekuchenesa propylene zvinodikanwa nemabasa e polymerization.
Kugara uchitarisa nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakakosha, zvakaita sehuwandu hwepropylene liquid uye tembiricha, panguva yekugadzira nekuchengetedza, kunoitwa uchishandisa matekinoroji epamusoro ekuyera akafanana neaya akaitwa neLonnmeter. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha mukuverenga huwandu hwemasasi uye pakuona kuti mitemo yekuchengetedza inoenderana, kunyanya mukubata nekuchengetedza propylene yeliquid uko kunotarisirwa kudzora kwakaringana.
Pazasi pane chati yekufananidza inoratidza huwandu hwepropylene yemvura yakajairika mumamiriro akasiyana:
| Tembiricha (°C) | Kumanikidzwa (bhawa) | Kuwanda kwePropylene yemvura (g/cm³) |
| -48 | 1 | 0.51 |
| 0 | 5 | 0.52 |
| 20 | 9 | 0.49 |
| 40 | 15 | 0.47 |
Kuyera huwandu hwezvinhu nemazvo kunobatsira pakuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo chero ipi zvayo inobata nekuchengetedza uye kubata propylene.
Maitiro Ekuchenesa Propylene Ekupa Polymer Grade
Maitiro Ekuchenesa Maindasitiri
Kunyungudutsa kunoramba kuri chinhu chakakosha pakuchenesa propylene, kuchiparadzanisa propylene kubva kupropane nedzimwe hydrocarbon dzakareruka kuti zvisvike pachiyero chekuchena chinodiwa chepolymer grade propylene. Maitiro aya anoshandisa musiyano mudiki munzvimbo dzinofashaira—propylene pa -47.6 °C uye propane pa -42.1 °C—zvichida makoramu marefu, akareba e reflux uye simba rakawanda rinoiswa. Kudiwa kwesimba iri kunoita kuti kunyungudutsa kwakajairwa kudhure, kunyanya sezvo zvinodiwa zvekuchena zvichisimbiswa uye zvinangwa zvekushanda zvichiwedzera. Zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwepropylene (kare kare kusvika matani 2,900 pagore muzvigadziriso zveyuniti imwe chete) uye kudzikira kwekudzoka sezvo matireyi akawanda kana reflux yakakwira zvichishandiswa pakuvandudza kuchena kwemukati.
Maitiro epamusoro ekugadzira manyowa anotarisana nemamwe ematambudziko aya. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa bottom flash distillation kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwepropylene neanopfuura 70%, zvichireva kuchengetedza mari yakawanda yekushanda kune zvivakwa zvinoda kuisa mari mumagadzirirwo matsva ekoramu kana shanduko. Mayuniti ekugadzira manyowa ehybrid anowedzera kushanda nesimba uye kuchinjika, kunyanya pakubata feedstocks dzakasiyana. Mahybrid akadaro anoratidza kudzikira kwe12.6% mumitengo yegore negore nekubvisa imwe separation duty kune selective polymeric kana inorganic membranes isati yagadziriswa ne distillation. Extractive distillation approaches inoshandisa ionic liquids yakasarudzwa se entrains, senge [BMIM][TFA], inobvumira kudzikiswa kwesimba kusvika ku82% kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare. Izvi zvitsva pamwe chete zvinofambisa indasitiri kuenda kune propylene cleansing inogara kwenguva refu, inokura, uye inodhura zvishoma.
Kucheneswa kwakavakirwa paAdsorption kunopa imwe nzira kana kuti kuwedzera kune distillation. Zvinhu zvakaita seCu-MOF-74 (copper-based metal-organic frameworks) zvakaratidza kushanda zvakanaka nekuda kwe microporosity yazvo yakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye nzvimbo dzesimbi dzakavhurika. Izvi zvinogonesa physisorption yakasarudzwa yepropylene kuburikidza ne molecular sieving uye kudyidzana kwakasarudzika pakati pemahydrocarbon asina kuguta uye copper nodes. Miedzo yekuedza yakagadziriswa inosimbisa kuti Cu-MOF-74 inogona kuburitsa propylene nekuchena kwayo kunopfuura 99.5%, ichisangana zvakananga nezvinodiwa neindasitiri yepolymer. Zvakakosha kuti, aya ma adsorption systems anoshanda padanho repakati uye tembiricha dziri pedyo nepedyo, zvichideredza zvakanyanya simba rinopinda kana tichienzanisa nekupisa, uye zvinogona kugadziriswazve kuti zvirambe zvichishandiswa.
Magadzirirwo ekuchenesa matsva anosanganisira matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana. Zvirongwa zvehybrid zvinowanzo shandisa adsorption yedanho rekutanga uchishandisa ma ultra-microporous frameworks (akadai se azolate-based sorbents) kuti isimbise propylene, zvichiteverwa ne polishing distillation kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tsvina inobviswa. Nzira idzi dzinochengetedza kuchena kwakanyanya, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kuita kuti mashandiro ashande zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, ma single adsorption-desorption cycles akashumwa kuti anopa >99.7% propylene murabhoritari uye muzvidzidzo zvekutanga. Hybrid hollow-fiber membrane uye distillation zvinodzidzisa kutsigira kugadzikana kwemaitiro uye kukurumidza kugadzirisa kuchinja kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, zvichipa zvigadzirwa zve polymer-grade zvakafanana uku zvichideredza carbon footprints.
Kuwana Kuchena Kwakanyanya
Propylene yemhando yepolymer inoda huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa, kazhinji zviri pasi pe30 ppm propane, 1 ppm ethylene, 1 ppm mvura, uye ppt mazinga echepfu dze catalyst (semuenzaniso, O₂, CO, amines, sulfur compounds) kudzivirira high-activity polymerization catalysts uye kuona kuti polymer properties dzinoenderana. Kuwana uye kuchengetedza mazinga akadaro ekuchenesa kunoenderana nematanho ekuchenesa akabatanidzwa, kusanganisa kupatsanurwa kwekutanga kwehuwandu nematanho ekupedzisa ekupedzisira uye kutarisa panguva chaiyo.
Kubatanidzwa kwemagadzirirwo kwakakosha. Masisitimu ekuchenesa akagadzirwa sema nodes mukati meketani yakakura yekugadzira propylene, achishanda pamwe chete nemayuniti ekupwanya kana kubvisa hydrogenation uye ma polymerization reactors ekudzika. Kudzora mhando kunochengetwa kubva pakudya kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kusvika pakuchengetwa kwekupedzisira kwechigadzirwa. Kubatanidzwa kwe inline analyzers uye advanced density uye viscosity metres—senge dzakagadzirwa neLonnmeter—kunogonesa kuyerwa nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama kwehunhu hwema propylene liquid, senge liquid density, inova parameter yakakosha ye inventory, custody transfer, uye reaction feed management.
Muenzaniso wekubatanidza maitiro ungasanganisira:
- Kunyungudutsa kwekutanga kwekuparadzanisa huwandu uye kuderedza kusvibiswa,
- Cu-MOF-74 kana mimwe mibhedha yakafanana inonatsa ganda kuti ichenese zvakanaka,
- Kunyungudutsa kwekupedzisira kana kupukuta kwemembrane kusvika pasi pe10 ppm tsvina yese yehydrocarbon.
Magadzirirwo aya anoderedza mari yekushandisa uye mari yekushandisa ukuwo achiona kuti propylene feed inosangana kana kudarika mwero wekuchena kweindasitiri.
Kuwanikwa kwakavimbika kwepropylene yakachena zvakanyanya kwakakosha pakugadzirwa kwepolypropylene necopolymer, sezvo catalyst sensitivity yekutsvaga tsvina inokanganisa zvakananga goho, mhando yechigadzirwa, uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kuchengetedza kudzora kwakasimba pamusoro pehuwandu hwepropylene liquid density—inoyerwa mumatangi uye pareactor feed—kunodzivirira kutsauka kwekudya nemaune uye kunotsigira hunhu hwepolymer hwakafanana. Nzira dzekuyera huwandu hwemvura, dzakadai se inline vibrational density metres uye calibrated laboratory pycnometers, dzakabatanidzwa mukati memabasa ekuchengetedza nekubata propylene. Matekinoroji eLonnmeter, akagadzirirwa kutarisa kwenguva chaiyo, akarurama, anobatsira mukuvhara control loop yekusimbisa mhando, kubata, uye kuchengetwa kwepropylene liquid se ready reaction feed.
Kubatwa nekuchengetwa kwakachengeteka kwepropylene kunoenderana nekusanganiswa kwekuchengetedza zvinhu, ongororo yemaitiro, uye mhinduro kubva kumidziyo iri mukati. Matanho aya, akabatanidzwa nemaitiro ekuchenesa, anovimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinounzwa kugadzirwa kwepolymer hachina kuchena zvakanyanya chete asiwo chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvese zvemuviri nemakemikari zvine chekuita nehuwandu, kuumbwa, uye kusvibiswa.
Kuchengeta uye Kubata Propylene: Maitiro Akanakisisa Nematambudziko
Kuchengetedza Kwakachengeteka uye Kunoshanda
Kusarudza nzira yakanakisisa yekuchengetera propylene kunoda kuongorora midziyo ine pressure, matangi ane firiji, uye mapako epasi pevhu. Midziyo ine pressure ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa matangi esimbi akagadzirwa pasi pemitemo yeASME. Masisitimu aya anoshanda patembiricha yekunze, achichengetedza propylene semvura nekuchengetedza kumanikidzwa pamusoro pemvura inofashaira. Kushanda kwayo kunoenderana nekutevedzera zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvehwaro, kudzivirira ngura, uye kuisa midziyo yekuderedza kumanikidzwa. Kuongorora nguva nenguva kunodiwa kuti urambe uchitevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza.
Matangi ari mufiriji akakodzera kuchengeterwa propylene yakakura kana kwenguva refu. Matangi aya anochengetedza tembiricha iri pasi pemamiriro ekunze kana kuti ine insulation yakasimba, zvichideredza njodzi dzekupwanya uye kurasikirwa neutsi. Magadzirirwo e container yakazara kana maviri ane madziro anowedzera kuchengetedzeka nekupa mukana wekuti insulation isashande kana paine kutadza kushanda kwayo. Zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza mufiriji zvinosanganisira kutarisa kwakaringana kwe insulation uye chimiro chayo nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwekupisa. Kukundikana kwe insulation inodonha kana insulation kunogona kukurumidza kuwedzera kusvika pakuburitswa kweutsi kwakapararira uye mamiriro ekumanikidzwa zvakanyanya.
Mapako epasi pevhu, anowanzo gadzirwa mudura remunyu kana matombo akakodzera, anoshandiswa kana zvinhu zvakakura kwazvo zvichifanira kuchengetwa. Mapako aya anobatsirwa nekudzivirira kupisa kwemukati uye kuchengetedza, zvichideredza njodzi dzinosanganisirwa nemoto wepamusoro kana kuputika. Zvisinei, kuomarara kweinjiniya kunowedzera nekudiwa kwekuona kuti mvura haidonhe, kugadzirisa nzira dzekuburitsa/kuisa majekiseni, uye kudzivirira matambudziko emvura yepasi pevhu kana kusvibiswa.
Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kunoenderana nekudzora kwakasimba tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, uye kuputira. Propylene inofanira kuchengetwa mukati memiganhu yakamanikana yekupisa uye kumanikidzwa kudzivirira shanduko dzine njodzi. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kana kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kupwa nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekuchengetedza uye kuchena. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzepamusoro dzinoshandisa tembiricha inoramba ichionekwa pamwe chete nemavharuvhu ekutonga otomatiki uye machinji ekupisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu agare akasimba. Kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvezvipingamupinyi zvinopiswa nemiganhu yezvinyorwa zvinosungirwa kune zvese zvinhu zvekuchengetera.
Chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye mashandiro ayo imhando yepropylene density. Kuwanda kwepropylene liquid density kunosiyana zvichienderana netembiricha nekumanikidzwa, zvichikanganisa zvakananga saizi yetangi uye manejimendi yenzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, shanduko diki mutembiricha yekuchengetera zvinhu inogona kuchinja huwandu hwezvinhu zvakakwana kukanganisa zvakanyanya zvinhu zvakaverengerwa. Kuti zvitarisirwe izvi, nzvimbo dzinoshandisa matekiniki ekuyera zvinhu panguva chaiyo—senge inline density metres, radar level transmitters, uye correction tables—kushandura huwandu hwakayerwa kuita zvinhu zvemaunzi zvakarurama. Izvi zvakakosha pakubika zvinhu zvine chekuita nemutemo uye pakuderedza kusawirirana kwezvinhu zviri muzvinhu. Kushandisa manejimendi ine chekuita nehuwandu pane kuteedzera huwandu chete, kunyanya nepropylene ine mvura, kunoita kuti pave nekururama kunodiwa pakutamiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa.
Pazasi pane chati inoratidza kuti kuwanda kwepropylene yemvura kunochinja sei nekupisa, ichiratidza mhedzisiro yayo zvakananga pakuverenga kwezvinhu zvetangi:
| Tembiricha (°C) | Kuwanda kwePropylene yeLiquid (kg/m³) |
|-------------------|- ...|
| -40 | 636 |
| -20 | 608 |
| 0 | 579 |
| 20 | 550 |
| 40 | 520 |
Sezvakaratidzwa, kukwira kwetembiricha kubva pa -40°C kusvika pa40°C kunoderedza huwandu hwemvura neanopfuura 100 kg/m³, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekuchengetwa kwakagadzikana kwetembiricha uye kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka kwehuwandu mukutarisira zvinhu.
Maitiro Ekubata
Kubata zvakanaka propylene yemvura negasi kwakakosha pakuchengetedza zvirimwa uye pakuwanikwa kwayo kwakavimbika. Maitiro acho anotanga nemaitiro akagadzirirwa kutamiswa, kurodha, uye kuburutswa kwakachengeteka. Mitsetse yese yekutamiswa nemapombi inofanira kuenderana nehunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari epropylene kudzivirira kuzvimba kana kuora. Makontena anoedzwa kudzvanywa, uye kutamiswa kwese kunotariswa kubva mukamuri rekudzora riri pakati. Vashandi vese vanobatanidzwa mukubata vanoshandisa mbatya dzisingatsvi, zvinoona gasi, uye michina inodzivisa kupisa kuti ibvise zvinhu zvinobatidza moto.
Mabasa ekutamisa anotevedzera nzira yakanakisisa: kusimbisa kupatsanurwa kwetangi netambo, midziyo yekumisa pasi nekubatanidza, kudzvanya kwetambo zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kugara uchienzanisa utsi kudzivirira kudzvanywa zvakanyanya. Masisitimu ekuparadzira mapaipi ane mavharuvhu anoshanda ari kure uye nzira dzekuderedza kudzvanywa. Panguva yekurodha nekuburitsa, masisitimu ekubvisa utsi kana kudzoreredza utsi hwemhepo yakavharwa anoshandiswa kuderedza kuburitswa kweutsi hunobvira moto uye kudzivirira kupinda kwemhepo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera musanganiswa unoputika.
Zvichienderana nekusagadzikana uye kutsva kwepropylene, kuderedza njodzi ndiyo musimboti mukuru wekushanda. Maitiro anosimbiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika uye enjodzi. Vashandi vanogara vachiongorora kubatana kwese kwekubuda kwemvura vachishandisa mvura ine sipo kana magasi akagadzirwa kuti abudise. Nzvimbo yebasa inochengetedzwa kure nevashandi vasingadiwi uye masosi ekupisa, uye mavharuvhu ekudzima enjodzi anoiswa panzvimbo dzinosvikika. Mamiriro ekukundikana—akadai semapombi akakuvara, matangi akazara, kana zvikanganiso zvemidziyo—anogadziriswa nekuvharwa kwesystem otomatiki uye kuvharwa kweutsi hwakasimba.
Kudzoreredza hutsi uye kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura kwakakosha mukuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda zvakanaka. Masisitimu emazuva ano ekudzoreredza hutsi—akadai sema "bottom flash" kana "vapor recompression units"—anoderedza mhepo inoburitsa mhepo mumhepo uye anopa nzira dzekudzoreredza ma "process streams". Zvivako zvine masisitimu akadaro zvinoshuma kudzikira kukuru mukurasikirwa nekutsva uye kushanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi. Ma "arrays" ekuona kudonha kwemvura ane ma "gas sensors" nema "alarm" akabatanidzwa muzvivakwa zvekuchengetedza zvirimwa, zvichibvumira kupindura nekukurumidza kana paine kuburitswa kwemvura netsaona. Kuona kudonha kwemvura kunowedzerwa ne "emergency shutdown system" dzinoparadzanisa zvikamu zvesisitimu zvakakanganisika uye dzinoita kuti "high-speed vapor scrubbing" kana "flood water curtains".
Chinhu chakakosha mukubata propylene zvakachengeteka kuchengetedza kutevedza kwakasimba kwezvinhu zviri mudura. Mamita ehuwandu hwepropylene ari mumutsetse, akadai seaya akagadzirwa neLonnmeter, anotsigira kuyera kwakarurama huwandu hwepropylene yemvura panguva chaiyo. Mamita aya anopa ruzivo rwakakosha kumasisitimu ekudzora, zvichibatsira vashandi kuona kuti nzira dzekutumira nekuchengetedza hadzikonzere kuwandisa kana kuzadza zvakakwana, nokudaro zvichideredza njodzi dzekudururwa kwemvura uye kupwa kwemhepo. Kuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakananga, pamwe chete nekuverengwa kwekumanikidzwa netembiricha, ndiko kwakakosha pakushanda kwezvinhu zviri mudura nekuchengetedza, kunyanya nemamiriro ekupisa nekupisa anochinja-chinja.
Pamwe chete, nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuchengetedza nekubata propylene dzinosanganisa mhinduro dzakagadzirwa, kutarisa nguva dzose, uye maitiro akasimba ekugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana anokonzerwa nekemikari iyi inoshanduka-shanduka. Kushandiswa kwavo pamwe chete hakugoneke kuti pave nekushanda kwakachengeteka, kunoenderana, uye kwakanaka mukugadzira, kuchengetedza, uye kugoverwa kwepropylene yemhando yepolymer.
Kuyera Huremu hweLiquid Propylene: Nheyo neMhinduro
Kukosha kweKuyera Kuwanda kweVanhu
Pakutarisira zvinhu, kuona huwandu chaihwo hwepropylene yemvura inoyerera kunobvumira vashandi kushandura pakati pehuwandu nehuremu pasina kukanganisa kukuru, izvo zvakakosha pakuverenga, kutamisa zvinhu, uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa. Mukutonga kwemaitiro, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo kunoshandiswa kuona kuti chikafu chinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nemayuniti ekuita, kusanganisira ayo anopa mafeed ekuita kuti pave nepolypropylene. Kunyangwe kutsauka kudiki muhunhu hwepropylene yemvura kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro e catalyst uye mhando yekugadzirwa. Mapoka ekusimbisa hunhu anovimba nehuremu sechiratidzo chakananga chekuenderana kwechigadzirwa uye kuchena, kunyanya kusimbisa chinhu sepolymer grade propylene. Uyezve, kuziva huwandu hwakarurama kwakakosha pakuchengetedza, kuchipesvedzera zvisarudzo nezvemazinga etangi, mamiriro ekumanikidzwa, uye nzira dzekupindura nekukurumidza pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anobvira uye asingachinji akajairika epropylene service.
Nzira dzekuyera kuwanda kwemvura
Nzira dzakasiyana siyana dziripo dzekuyera huwandu hwemvura yakaita sepropylene, imwe neimwe ine misimboti yakasiyana, zvakanakira, uye zvipingamupinyi.
Maitiro echinyakare zvikuru ndeekutihydrometer, girazi rakatsetseka rakanyudzwa mumvura ine mwero wekunyorova unoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwemvura. Kunyangwe zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya kuti zvive nyore, mahydrometer anogona kushaya kunyatsojeka kunodiwa pabasa repropylene, uko misiyano midiki ine mhedzisiro yakakura.
Yakanyanya kufambira mberi ndiyodensitometer yeU-tube inotendereraChishandiso ichi chedhijitari chine chubhu isina chinhu, inotenderera iyo muenzaniso unoyerera nayo. Kuwanda kwekufamba kunosiyana zvichienderana nehuremu hwechubhu nemvura iri mukati, zvichibvumira kuyera density zvakananga uye zvakarurama, chero bedzi tembiricha nekumanikidzwa zvichidzorwa zvakanaka.
Mamita ehuwandu hwedhijitari—mamwe acho akavakirwa patekinoroji yeU-tube inotenderera—anobatanidza kuverenga zvakananga, kubhadharisa tembiricha otomatiki, uye kuchengetwa kwedata. Izvi zvakakodzera zvikuru munzvimbo dzinoda simba uye zvinowanzo shandiswa mumarabhoritari pamwe chete ne-in-line yekutarisa maitiro. Inline density metres inogadzirwa neLonnmeter yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwepropylene yeindasitiri, ichipa kushanda kwakasimba mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekuita.
Zvinhu Zvinochinja Kuyerwa Kwehuwandu hwemvura
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa kururama kwekuyera huwandu hwepropylene yemvura:
- Kuchinja kweTembiricha:Sezvo tembiricha ichikwira, kuwedzera kwekupisa kunoderedza huwandu hwepropylene. Kutsauka kudiki kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura nekuda kwekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwepropylene; saka, kudzora tembiricha uye muripo hazvigone kutaurirana.
- Kuchinja Kwekumanikidzwa:Kusiyana nemagasi, zvinwiwa, kusanganisira propylene, zvinoratidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hushoma asi hwakakosha kana kumanikidzwa, kunyanya kana kumanikidzwa kuri kuitwa kana kuchengetwa kunowanzoitwa nemagasi akanyungudika. Masisitimu ekuyera anofanirwa kuverengerwa mamiriro aya uye kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kunofanira kuitwa.
- Kusachena uye Zvinosvibisa:Kuvapo kwemamwe mahydrocarbon kana magasi akanyungudutswa kunochinja huwandu hwemvura zvakananga, zvichikanganisa kusimbiswa kwekuchena kwemvura dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dzakadai sepolymer grade propylene. Maitiro ekudzora hunhu anofanira kusabvisa kana kutsanangura mhedzisiro iyi.
Kushandiswa kwePropylene Operations
Ruzivo rwehuwandu hwepropylene yemvura rwakayerwa runotsigira mabasa akakosha ekushanda munzvimbo dzekuchengetera nekubata propylene. Mukutarisira kuchengetwa, hazvingooneki chete kuti tangi rakazara sei, asi kuti rinochengeta huremu hwakadii—musiyano wakakosha kana magauge emazinga etangi achiratidza huwandu, asi zvinhu zvinotengeswa nehuremu. Pakuenzanisa kwezvinhu, zvinovimbisa kuti kufamba kwemaitiro kunoverengwa nemazvo, zvakakosha mumabasa anoenderera mberi uye eboka.
Mukugadzirira zvekudya zvema "reaction units", zvakaita sezviri mu "propylene purification" kana "polymerization plants", kuziva huwandu chaihwo hwezvinhu zvinovimbisa kuumbwa kwezvokudya zvakanaka uye kugadzikana kwemaitiro, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwezvinobuda. Zvikanganiso pakuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinogona kukonzera chigadzirwa chisina kutsanangurwa, kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwe "catalyst", kana kutove nemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi nekuda kwemidziyo yakazara mu "pressurized service".
Kubva pakuona kwekutevedzera mitemo, masangano anotonga anorayira kuyera huwandu hwemakemikari anoshanduka-shanduka uye kunyora magwaro emakemikari anoshanduka-shanduka, zvese kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye kuita kuti kutengeserana kwemusika kuve kwakaenzana. Mabasa emaindasitiri ane chinangwa chekushanda zvakanaka anovimba nedata iri kwete kungosangana nezvinodiwa nemutemo chete, asi kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emidziyo, kuwedzera goho, uye kuderedza nguva yekusashanda isina kurongwa - zvese izvi zvinoenderana nekuva nehuwandu hwakavimbika uye hwakarurama hwehuwandu hwemvura hunowanikwa pese panoitika.
Saka kuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaita sepropylene hakusi basa renguva dzose, asi inzira yekusimudzira kushanda zvakanaka, mhando, uye kuchengetedzeka muhupenyu hwese hwekuchengetedza, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa kwepropylene.
Mashandisirwo uye Zvinodiwa zvePolymer-Grade Propylene
Propylene yemhando yepolymer, ine mwero wekuchena unodarika 99.5%, ndiyo nzira huru yekudyara polypropylene uye ine mhando dzakasiyana dzemapolymers epamusoro. Kutsanangurwa kwayo kwakasimba kwekuchena hakusi kwega asi kunodiwa zvakananga nekuda kwekunzwa kwezvinokonzera polymerization zvemazuva ano, kunyanya Ziegler-Natta uye metallocene systems. Kunyangwe zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvishoma—acetylenes, sulfur- kana nitrogen-containing compounds, oxygenates, uye specific hydrocarbons—zvinogona kukuvadza macatalysts, kukonzera kusvibiswa kusingadzoreki, uye kuderedza zvakanyanya goho repolymer uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro.
Basa seReaction Feed yePolypropylene neAdvanced Polymers
Kugadzirwa kwepolypropylene kunoenderana nekuwanikwa kwakajairika kwepropylene yemhando yepolymer, uko tsvina inochengetwa pasi pezvikamu pamiriyoni, uye kune dzimwe chepfu, pasi pezvikamu pabhiriyoni. Masisitimu eZiegler-Natta catalyst, ayo anonyanya kugadzirwa neisotactic polypropylene, ane njodzi huru yekuwanda kwechepfu dzakadai semvura, oxygen, carbon monoxide, kana methylacetylene. Tsvina iyi haingogumiri pakubvisa nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzecatalyst chete asi inokanganisa zvakanyanya crystallinity, molecular weight distribution, uye stereospecificity yepolymer inogadzirwa.
Kubatana kwakananga pakati pemutoro wekusvibiswa uye kushandiswa kwe catalyst kunotungamira pamutengo wakakosha. Kutsiva catalyst nguva nenguva, kumira kwemaitiro asina kurongwa, uye kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvisiri pamutemo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka kwemhando yezvinopinzwa. Nokudaro, kucheneswa kwepropylene nguva dzose hakusi kweumbozha asi chinhu chinodiwa kuti pave nekushanda kwakavimbika uye kunobatsira.
Mamwe Mashandisirwo muChemical Intermediates uye Specialty Syntheses
Kupfuura polypropylene, propylene yemhando yepolymer inokosha munzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira makemikari ane mutengo wakakwira. Inotsigira kugadzirwa kwe acrylic acid kuburikidza ne catalytic oxidation yezvikamu zviviri uye kugadzirwa kwe cumene kuburikidza ne alkylation ye benzene. Maitiro ese ari maviri anotsigirawo ma high-purity feeds:
- Mukugadzirwa kweacrylic acid, kunyangwe zvinhu zvidiki zvinosvibisa sarufa kana oxygenate zvinogona kudzima ma catalysts e oxidation, zvichideredza goho kana kukurudzira zvimwe zvinhu zvisingadiwe.
- Kugadzirwa kweCumene kunoenderanawo nekuchena kwepropylene kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zeolite catalyst inogara kwenguva refu uye sarudzo yekushandura, nemafekitori emaindasitiri akanyorwa achisvika pakuchinja kwe >99.999% uye >99.97% kuchena kwechigadzirwa kana uchishandisa zvikafu zvakacheneswa zvakanyanya.
Mashandisirwo ehunyanzvi, akadai sepolyol, plasticizer, uye kugadzirwa kwesurfactant, anoshandisa zvinodiwa zvakaenzana zvekuchenesa propylene, zvichiita kuti feeds dzisina spec dzive njodzi yehunyanzvi uye yehupfumi.
Kukosha Kwebhizinesi Rekuchengetedza Kuchena Kwemhando yePolymer Mukuchengetedza Nekugovera
Zvinodiwa zvekutengeserana zvinopararira muketani yese yepropylene. Munguva yekuchengetera nekutakura—kazhinji mumidziyo kana mabhora ane pressure—propylene yemhando yepolymer inoramba iri panjodzi yekusvibiswa nehunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza, kubuda kubva mumidziyo, mahydrocarbon, uye okisijeni. Kunyangwe kusvibiswa kwechikamu chepakati kunogona kuonekwa panzvimbo yekushandisa kuburikidza negas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS kana GC-ICP-MS), kazhinji zvichikonzera kurambwa kwebatch kana kucheneswa kwekugadzirisa.
Mitemo yeindasitiri (semuenzaniso, ASTM D5273) inorayira kuti pave nekuongororwa kwakazara kwekusvibiswa munzvimbo dzese huru dzekutamisirwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevana. Maitiro ekushanda anoshandisa kubata kwakasimba kwesampuro, online gas chromatography, uye matekinoroji ekuyera huwandu hwechigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, kuyera huwandu hwemvura yepropylene kwakakosha kwete chete pakutamisirwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevana asiwo senzira yekudzora hunhu isina kunanga: kutsauka muhuwandu hwemvura hunotarisirwa kunogona kuratidza kupinda kwetsvina kana shanduko yemusanganiswa. Inline density metres, senge idzo dzakagadzirwa neLonnmeter, dzinopa vimbiso chaiyo yehuwandu hwemvura yepropylene panguva yekutamisirwa nekuchengetedzwa.
Chati iri pazasi inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pekuchena kwepropylene, hupenyu hwe catalyst, uye mukana wekuvharwa kwemagetsi kusina kurongwa:
Kuwedzera kuchena kwepropylene kunoguma nekuwedzerwa kukuru kwenguva yekumhanya kwe catalyst uye kudzikira kwekukanganiswa kwemaitiro (data rakagadziridzwa kubva muzvidzidzo zvakaongororwa nevezera).
Kubata nekuchengetera propylene zvine hungwaru—zvichivimbisa huwandu hwakawanda hwepropylene yemvura uye kuchena kwemakemikari kusingakanganisike—zvichitsigira kuvimbika kwemiti, zvinodiwa nevatengi, uye purofiti yebhizinesi rose. Kudzora kwakasimba panguva yekuchengetedza nekugovera, kuchitungamirirwa nenzira dzakarurama dzekuyera huwandu hwezvinwiwa uye kuona tsvina yepamusoro, kunochengetedza kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa muketani yese yekugovera.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeipi nzira yekucheneswa kwepropylene kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zve polymer?
Propylene yemhando yepolymer inofanira kupfuura 99.5% kuchena, ine huwandu hushoma hwepropane uye tsvina shoma. Kare, kudiridza fractional kwave kuri musimboti wekuchenesa, kuchiparadzanisa propylene kubva kumahydrocarbon akafanana akadai sepropane. Nekuda kwenzvimbo dzekubikira dzakafanana, maitiro aya anotarisana nematambudziko ethermodynamic uye mari yakawanda yekushanda.
Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura kunonyanya kukosha pakushandisa matekinoroji e-adsorption ne-membrane kuti pave nesarudzo yakawedzerwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma. Ma-adsorbents akadai seCu-MOF-74 anoshandiswa kugadzira mapore saizi uye nzvimbo dzakavhurika dzesimbi kuti abate tsvina nenzira yakasarudzwa—kunyanya propane ne-trace alkanes—zvichigonesa kucheneswa kwedanho rimwe chete. Kushanda zvakanaka kwemasystem akadaro kunoenderana nekudzora tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura. Zvidzidzo zverabhoritari uye zvemuchina wekuongorora zvinosimbisa kuti ma-adsorbents aya anogona kugadziriswazve kakawanda pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda kwakakosha, zvichitsigira kugona kweindasitiri kukura. Zvivakwa zve-adsorbent zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka zvino zvinobvisawo tsvina yakawanda inosanganisira macompounds e-sulfur ne-alkynes, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zve polymerization catalyst.
Kupatsanurwa kwakavakirwa paganda kunopa imwe nzira, nemafomura emazuva ano e organosilica achiwana sarudzo yepamusoro uye kugadzikana kwakasimba. Nzira dzeganda dzinoparadzanisa propylene nekushandisa misiyano midiki muhukuru hwemamorekuru uye hunhu hwekuyerera kwemvura, zvichiita kuti dzinyatsokodzera kana kuchena kwakanyanya kuchidikanwa.
Sei mhando yekudya kwemuviri ichikosha pakugadzirwa kwepolypropylene?
Kuwana nekuchengetedza kuchena kwakanyanya muchikafu chemhinduro kwakakosha pakugadzirwa kwepolypropylene. MaCatalysts anoshandiswa mupolymerization anonzwa kusvibiswa kwakadai sesarufa, simbi, oxygenates, nezvimwe zvinosvibisa. Kunyangwe tsvina shoma inogona kukuvadza nzvimbo dzinoshanda dze catalyst, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekushanda, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa, uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwe catalyst. Kudya kwe high-pure reaction kunovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka kwe catalyst, hunhu hwakagadzikana hwe polymer, uye goho risingaperi. Mitemo yemutemo inorayirawo miganhu yekusachena kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro uye mhando ye polymer, zvichiita kuti kucheneswa uye kutarisa kwenzvimbo dzekudya zvive zvakakosha.
Kuchengetwa uye kubatwa kwepropylene kunofanira kutarisirwa sei zvakachengeteka?
Propylene inochengetwa mumatangi ane pressure kana firiji akagadzirirwa magasi anobvira moto. Matangi aya anofanira kunge aine mavharuvhu ekuderedza kumanikidzwa, kudzora tembiricha, uye nzira dzekuona nekudzora kudonha kwemvura. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinoda mhepo yakasimba uye kusabvisa zvakanyanya manyuko emoto. Kuongorora nekugadzirisa nguva dzose kunoderedza njodzi dzekudonha kwemvura nekukundikana. Kudzidzisa vashandi pakubata nekutamisa propylene yemhando yepolymer, kusanganisira kushandisa michina yekudzivirira, kunoita kuti vashandi nemidziyo yemiti vagare vakachengeteka. Gara uchitevedzera mitemo yemuno yekuchengetedza zvinhu zvine njodzi.
Chii chinosarudza huwandu hwepropylene yemvura, uye nei ichikosha?
Kuwanda kwepropylene yemvura kunonyanya kuenderana nekupisa nekumanikidzwa. Sezvo chero shanduko dzichichinja, ndikowo kuwanda kunoyerwa—chinhu chakakosha pahukuru hwetangi, kuverenga huwandu hwehuwandu, kutamiswa kwekuchengetedzwa, uye kuenzanisa maitiro. Zvikanganiso zvidiki pakuyera huwandu hwepropylene yemvura zvinogona kutungamira mukusawirirana kukuru mukuchengetedza zvinhu kana kudzora kuyerera kwemvura, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekutarisa kwakanyatsojeka, nguva dzose panguva yekugadzira nekuchengetedza.
Unoyera sei kuwanda kwemvura yakaita sepropylene?
Nzira chaiyo yekuyera huwandu hwemvura, kusanganisira propylene, ndeye oscillating U-tube densitometer. Chishandiso ichi chinodedera chubhu yakazadzwa nemvura yemuenzaniso uye chinoyera shanduko mu oscillation frequency, iyo inoenderana zvakananga nehuremu. Kuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kudzora tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwakasimba zvinodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira ma hydrometers ne pycnometers, asi izvi zvakakodzera mashandisirwo uko zvinodiwa pakushandisa kana kunyatsojeka zvisiri nyore. Inline digital density metres, senge idzo dzakagadzirwa neLonnmeter, dzinogona kuiswa kuti dzitariswe nenguva chaiyo uye dzitongwe. Kugadzirira sampuro—kuva nechokwadi chekuti yabviswa utsi uye patembiricha ye equilibrium—kunowedzera kururama kwekuyera.
Ndezvipi njodzi uye matanho anodiwa pakubata propylene yemhando ye polymer?
Propylene yemhando yepolymer inobvira zvakanyanya. Kubatidza kunogona kuitika kubva mukubuda kwemvura isingachinji, marimi emoto, kana kunyange nzvimbo dzinopisa. Kubata kunoda kutevedzera zvizere mitemo yemidziyo yekudzivirira, nzvimbo dzakasimba dzekuchengetedza, uye kusabvisa zvachose nzvimbo dzinobatidza moto. Mabasa ekuchengetedza nekufambisa anofanira kuitwa munzvimbo dzine mhepo inofefetera. Masisitimu ekuona kudonha kwemvura uye nzira dzekunyevera akakosha kuti pave nenjodzi yekutanga. Mapaipi ese nematangi anofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva kuti aone kana paine kushushikana uye ngura. Maitiro ekukurumidzira ekudururwa kwemvura kana kudonha kwemvura, kusanganisira zvirongwa zvekudzivirira nekubvisa mvura, anofanirwa kunyorwa zvakajeka uye kuboorwa.
Sei propylene yemhando ye polymer ichinyanya kufarirwa mune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira makemikari?
Kuchena kwepropylene yemhando yepolymer kunopa mabhenefiti akasiyana mukugadzirwa kwepropylene iri pasi. Kuchena kwakanyanya kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemhinduro, kunoderedza kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisingadiwe, uye kunotsigira kugadzirwa kwepolymer kwemhando yepamusoro uye kwakasimba. Sezvo zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvinokanganisa kusvibiswa, propylene chete yakachena kwazvo inovimbisa kushanda kwakavimbika kwemaitiro uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa mukushandiswa kwakakosha senge kurongedza chikafu uye zvikamu zvemotokari.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-18-2025
