Kutarisira zvakanaka matsime emvura mumatangi akasiyana-siyana kunoenderana nekudzora kwakanyatsojeka uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekubatanidza mvura. Izvi zvinhu—zvakaita semajeki emakemikari, mamicrospheres epolyacrylamide (PAM), uye polyethylene glycol (PEG)—zvakagadzirwa kuti zvivhare nzvimbo dzinopinda mvura yakawanda uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura inopinzwa mumvura iri mutangi rese. Maitiro aya akakosha zvikuru muminda umo kusiyana kwemvura inopinzwa kwakawedzera nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwenguva refu, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwemvura kusina kuenzana uye kudzikira kwehuwandu hwehydrocarbon inopona.
Kugona kutarisa nekudzora huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatanidza mvura panguva chaiyo kwakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro azvo nekupararira kwazvo. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura mukati mepombi yekuisa mvura kunopa ruzivo rusingaperi pamusoro pezvinhu zvemvura zvakananga mukati mepombi yekuisa mvura, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe nekukurumidza uye kuderedza njodzi dzekushanda. Kutevera nguva chaiyo kunotsigira mhinduro inochinja-chinja kumamiriro emvura ari kuchinja uye kunokurudzira kushandiswa kwakanaka kwemakemikari ekudzora matsime ekuisa mvura.
Mukushanda kwenzvimbo dzemafuta, kuve nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatanidza mafuta hwakakwana—senge masisitimu ePAM ekuvandudza kudzoserwa kwemafuta—kwakakosha. Kuwana huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosanganisa mafuta hunoita kuti kudzoserwa kwemafuta kuve nyore uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu mukati medura, nepo huwandu husina kunaka huchigona kukonzera kusaenderana zvakanaka uye kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka. Ongororo yakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura inoratidza kuti masisitimu ekuyera huwandu hwemafuta emuchina chaiwo akakosha pakugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatanidza mafuta, kuderedza marara ezvigadzirwa, uye kuvandudza mhedzisiro yekudzoserwa kwemafuta.
Tekinoroji Yekuvandudza Jekiseni reMvura
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Kunzwisisa Matsime Ekuisa Mvura Nematangi Akasiyana-siyana
Matsime emvura anopinza mafuta anoita basa rakakosha mukuunganidza mafuta echipiri nekuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwemugodhi uye kutungamira mafuta kuenda kumatsime ekugadzira. Kana nzira dzekufambisa mafuta dzechisikigo dzichiderera, kufashamira kwemvura kunowedzera kumanikidzwa uye kuwedzera kuunganidzwa kwemafuta, kazhinji kunowedzera kuunganidzwa kwemafuta kusvika ku50% yemafuta ekutanga aripo. Maitiro akakodzera ekuisa uye majekiseni - akadai semagadzirirwo enzvimbo shanu kana kuti line-drive - akagadzirirwa mageometri chaiwo emugodhi uye nzvimbo dzekumanikidza dze capillary, zvichishandisa mashandiro e vertical uye areal sweep kuti zviwedzere kubuda.
Matangi akasiyana-siyana ane matambudziko akasiyana-siyana anoita kuti mvura ipararire zvakaenzana. Magadzirirwo aya anowanzo kuve nekusiyana kukuru kwekuyerera kwemvura mukati mechikamu uye pakati pechikamu. Semuenzaniso, zvikamu zvinopinda mvura zvakanyanya zvinoumba nzira dzinofarirwa dzekuyerera kwemvura, nepo nzvimbo dzinopinda mvura zvishoma dzinogona kudziviswa zvakanyanya. Kusiyana kwakadaro kunokonzera kutsvaira kusina kufanana, kubuda kwemvura nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzakakura, uye mafuta asingamire munzvimbo dzisina kutsvairwa.
Matambudziko anonyanya kuitika mumatangi aya anosanganisira kupinza mvura isina kufanana, kupinza nzira, uye kurasikirwa nekushanda zvakanaka kwekutsvaira. Kupinza mvura isina kufanana kunotungamira mukusiyana kwemvura, mvura inopinzwa ichibatsira kuti mvura ipinde zvakanaka, ikwanise kupwanyika kana kupwanyika. Kupinda kwemvura kunoitika kana mvura ichifamba munzvimbo dzine mafuta akawanda kana kuti nzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, ichipfuura huwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta—kunyangwe kana kupinza mvura kwakaringana. Izvi zvinowanzoitika muminda ine kupatsanurwa kwakaoma, kupwanyika kwakamira, kana kubatana kwakasimba kwetangi.
Kurasikirwa nekushanda zvakanaka kwekutsvaira imhedzisiro yakananga, sezvo kuwanda kwemvura inopinzwa mumigodhi kunogona kusvika mumatsime ekugadzira pasina kusvika kunzvimbo dzaive dzisina kutsvairwa mafuta kare. Semuenzaniso, mvura inogona kufamba nekukurumidza munzvimbo ine mbavha, ichiratidza kubuda kwemvura nekukurumidza uye kudzikira kwekudzoserwa kwemafuta kubva panguva dziri pedyo. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nehuwandu uchishandisa mamodheru anobatanidza mwero wekupinza mvura, ma profiles ekubvumidzwa kwemvura, uye data rekuyerera kwemvura inoshanduka.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko aya anoshanda anosanganisira kutarisa panguva chaiyo, kurapwa nemakemikari, uye manejimendi ekushandisa majekiseni anochinjika. Matekiniki akadai semaprofile control agents, maplugging agents, uye segmented kana pulsed water injection anotsvakurudzwa kuti adzivise kugoverwa uye kufambiswa kwenzira kusingaenderane. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemagetsi panguva chaiyo—kushandisa michina inoenderana nemaplugging agents kana maprofile control agents anoshanda zvakanyanya kubva kuvagadziri vakaita seLonnmeter—kunogonesa kugadzirisa kwakanyatsojeka uye kugadzirisa huwandu hwemakemikari mukati mejekiseni. Izvi zvinoita kuti maplugging agents arambe aine hunhu hwaanoda, zvichiwedzera kuenderana uye kutsvaira munzvimbo dzakaoma, dzakasiyana-siyana.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) nedzimwe nzira dzepamusoro dzekubatanidza mvura dziri kushandiswa zvakanyanya kudzora matangi emvura akasiyana-siyana. Kushanda kwavo kunoenderana nekuyera huwandu hwemvura uye kupararira kwayo mukati memitsetse yekuisa mvura, iyo inogona kuongororwa mukati memutsara kuti igadziriswe panguva chaiyo. Nekushandisa matekinoroji akadaro, vashandi vanogadzirisa matambudziko makuru ane chekuita nekuiswa kwemvura mutangi remvura dzakasiyana-siyana—zvichipa kudzoreredzwa kuri nani, kuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemvura, uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Vamiririri veProfile Control: Mhando, Mabasa, uye Maitiro Ekusarudza
Mishonga inodzora ruzivo (PCAs) inoita basa rakakosha mukutarisira matsime emvura, kunyanya mumatangi akasiyana-siyana uko nzira dzinopinda mvura yakawanda dzinogona kukonzera kuchekwa kwemvura zvakanyanya uye nzvimbo dzemafuta dzisingapindike. Mishonga iyi inonyanya kurongwa semajeli—kunyanya Polyacrylamide (PAM), microspheres, zvinhu zvePEG, uye masisitimu akabatanidzwa kana akabatanidzwa, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa matambudziko chaiwo etangi.
Mageri ePolacrylamide anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kwawo kupinza simbi. PAM inogona kugadzirwa semageri epa situ kana mageri eparticle preformed (PPGs), ayo anowedzera mubrine, zvichipa saizi inodzorwa uye kugadzikana kwakawedzerwa. Mageri ePAM akagadziriswa anosanganisira nano silica, cellulose, graphite, nezvimwe zvinowedzera kuti awedzere simba remuchina uye arambe kuora kana tembiricha yakakwira uye munyu wakawanda. Kubudirira uku kwakaratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatanidza simbi, nekupararira kwegeri kuchisvika padanho repamusoro pe86% mukuenzanisa kwejecha uye kupa kuwedzera kwekudzosa mafuta kusvika ku35%, kunyanya kubatsira kuminda yemafuta yakasiyana-siyana.
Ma microspheres akagadzirwa kuti akwanise kuvharwa nemagetsi uye kuchinjika. Anofamba kubva munzvimbo dzakakura dzemaburi kuenda kune diki, achivhara, achichinja chimiro, uye achifamba nepahuro pemaburi. Iyi plugging-deformation-migration-replugging cycle inobvisa mvura kubva munzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda, nokudaro ichivandudza kushanda kwenzvimbo. Kuedza kweNMR neCT imaging kwakaratidza kushanda kwayo mukuderedza kuchekwa kwemvura uye kuvandudza kushanda kwenzvimbo yekutsvaira nekusarudza nzira dzinofambisa mvura zvakanyanya mukati medura.
Mishonga yakagadzirwa nePEG inokosheswa nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo uye kuzvimba kwayo, kunyanya pasi pemakemikari akasiyana-siyana emumatangi. Kushanda kwayo pakupinza matangi kunowanzo gadziriswa kuburikidza nenzira dzekubatanidza, zvichipa mukana wekushandiswa muzvikamu zvakatsemuka kana zvakaputsika. Mishonga yakagadzirwa pamwe chete, iyo inogona kusanganisira zvinhu zvemagel, microspheres, uye PEG, inopa nzira dzakawanda dzekutonga kuenderana, kunyanya apo kusiyana kwemumatangi kunokanganisa kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta.
Maitiro ekudzora chimiro anowanzo sanganisira kuvharwa kwenzvimbo dzinopinda mvura yakawanda, kutsauswa kwemvura yakapinzwa kubva munzira dzaimbove dzakanyanya kushandiswa, uye kuwedzera kufambiswa kwemafuta akavharirwa. Ma polymer gels, sePAM, anoumbwa munzvimbo kana zvidimbu zvakaiswa zvinovhara nekudzikamisa nzvimbo dzakatarwa. Ma microspheres anoshandisa kusimba uye kusimba kwechimiro kuti afambe uye abate zvinobudirira, nepo zvinhu zvePEG zvichipa kuenderana kwenguva refu nekuda kwesimba razvo remakemikari nekupisa.
Maitiro ekusarudza maPCA anoenderana nekuenderana nemvura dzinoshandiswa mudura, kugadzikana pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekupisa nemakemikari, kushanda kwekubatanidza mvura zvichienderana nechimiro chemvura inoyerera mudura, uye kugona kuchinjika mumamiriro ezvinhu anochinja-chinja. Kuenderana kunoita kuti chinhu ichi chishande zvakanaka nemvura inoyerera mudura pasina kudonha kana kudonha. Kugadzikana—kwese kwemakemikari nekupisa—kwakakosha pakutsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, sezvakaratidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwePAM nezvinowedzera mu nano uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotsungirira kupisa nemunyu.
Kushanda zvakanaka kweplugging kunoongororwa kuburikidza nekuyedza mafashamo murabhoritari, kuyerwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura, uye kutarisa huwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo. Midziyo yekuyera huwandu hwemvura muLonnmeter uye masisitimu emukati anobatsira mukugadzirisa huwandu hwemvura mumakemikari, zvichigonesa vashandisi kugadzirisa maformula acho panguva chaiyo kuti zvive nemigumisiro yakanyanya. Kugona kuchinjika kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekukwanisa kwemushonga kuramba uchivhara pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemugodhi, maburi akasiyana-siyana, uye mwero wejekiseni unochinja-chinja.
Kudzora kwakanaka kwenzvimbo dzemvura dzinoiswa mumvura kunoenderana nekuongorora kwakakwana kwekusawirirana kwenzvimbo dzemvura, kufananidza kwakanyatsonaka kwemhando yemumiriri uye nzira yekuisa mvura, uyekuyerwa kwehuwandu hunoenderera mberiKushandiswa kwemishonga yekuisa mishonga kuti zvibudirire pakusarudza uye kwenguva refu. Kushandiswa kwePAM mumatangi akasiyana-siyana, mhinduro dzePEG, uye matekinoroji e microsphere kuri kuramba kuchichinja, zvichitsigirwa nemasisitimu ekutevera nekutarisa huwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo mukushandiswa kwemafuta.
MaAgent Ekubatanidza uye Basa reKuwanda muKushanda Kwemashandisirwo
Zvinhu zvinobatanidza mvura zvinoshanda sezvinhu zvakakosha zvinodzora matsime emvura, kunyanya mumatangi akasiyana-siyana. Mabasa avo makuru anosanganisira kugadzirisa nzira dzegasi, kudzora kupinza nekuwedzera simba rematangi, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekudzoserwa kwemafuta. Nekutarisa nzvimbo dzinopinda mvura yakawanda kana "mbavha", zvinhu izvi zvinodzosera mvura kana gasi rakapinzwa kubva mumigero inoyerera kuenda kunzvimbo dzisina kutsvairwa, dzinopinda mvura shoma, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kubvisa mafuta akawanda akasara. Semuenzaniso, ma polymer microspheres anodzivirira acid anogona kusvika pa95% plugging rate uye kuvandudza kudzoserwa kwemafuta neanopfuura 21%, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma eacidic uye supercritical CO₂. Zvinhu zvinobatanidza gel zvinovhara kupwanyika nekuwanda kwemvura kana gasi uku zvichisiya nzvimbo dzine mafuta akawanda dzisina kukanganiswa zvakanyanya, zvichitsigira kugadzirwa kwakasimba uye hutano hwematangi.
Kuwanda kwezvishandiso zvekubatanidza—zvinoratidzwa sehuwandu kana huremu pahuwandu hweyuniti—zvine basa rakananga mukushanda kwejekiseni uye kudzora kutsvaira. Chishandiso chekubatanidza chekuchengetedza huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza chinowanzo wedzera kugona kwemushandi kupinda nekuvhara nzvimbo dzinopinda mvura yakawanda uku uchiita kuti zvinhu zvisanyanya kukanganisa zvikamu zvinopinda mafuta akawanda. Semuenzaniso, zvishandiso zvepolymer zvine ma profiles e viscosity akagadzirirwa (zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuchekwa kwemafuta pahuwandu hwepamusoro hwekupinza) zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinokanganisa kuiswa, kudzika kwekufamba, uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kuyerwa kwe inline density kwezvishandiso zvekubatanidza kwakakosha mukushanda; zvinogonesa kuteverwa kwehuwandu hwemakemikari panguva chaiyo, zvichiona kuti dosage yakakodzera uye hunhu hwe rheological hwakafanana kuti zviwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwekutsvaira uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwekugadzirwa. Zvishandiso zvekuyera inline density zveLonnmeter zvekupinza makemikari zvinopa mhinduro yedata nekukurumidza panguva yekuiswa kwemushandi, zvichitsigira vashandi vane chinangwa chekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemushonga wekutonga wenzvimbo dzemafuta mumatsime ekupinza mvura.
Kusanganiswa kwezvishandiso zvekubatanidza kwashanduka kuti kuve nemigumisiro inoshanda pamwe chete, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakaoma dzekuchengetedza mvura. Ma polymer gels, microspheres, uye cross-linked polymers sePolyacrylamide (PAM) anowanzo sanganiswa kuti ashandise nzira dzakasiyana-siyana—kuvharira kwemuviri, kuvharira kwe viscoelastic, uye kuzviporesa. Semuenzaniso, masisitimu e hydrogel/microsphere anosanganisira PAM kusanganisa kuzvimba, kunyudza mvura, uye kuzvigadzirisa; izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza plug integrity uye kugadzirisa kutsemuka kuchangobva kugadzirwa kana nzira. Masisitimu emakemikari anobatanidza anowanzo batanidza nanoemulsions kana smart polymer networks dzinogona kugadzirisa viscosity uye density zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuyerera kwemvura. Zvidzidzo zvemumunda zvinoratidza kuti ma high-performance profile control agents akagadzirwa se multi-component blends anopa plugging yepamusoro, simba rekutonga mvura, uye deeper sweep, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anokonzerwa ne geological settings dzakatyoka kana dzakapfuma mu carbonate.
Zvakasimbiswa nekutarisa nguva dzose uchishandisa masisitimu ekuyera huwandu hwemafuta munzvimbo yemafuta, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinovhara mvura zvinobudirira mumigodhi yekupinza mvura kwava kugadziriswa pamatambudziko akaomarara, akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza mvura. Matekinoroji aya anopa vimbiso yekushanda, anoderedza marara ezvinhu, uye anowedzera mwero wekudzoreredza mafuta nekushandisa kugadzirisa huwandu hwemafuta uye dhizaini yehungwaru yekugadzira zvinhu zvinovhara makemikari munzvimbo dzemafuta.
Kuyerwa kweKuwanda kweAgent yePlugging: Kiyi yeKushanda Kwakanaka
Kuyera kwakarurama huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatanidza mvura kwakakosha panguva yekugadzirira, kusanganisa, uye kupinza zvinhu, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emadziva akadzika, akasiyana-siyana. Matsime emvura anoshandiswa pakuisa mvura anoshandisa zvinhu zvinobatanidza mvura—zvakadai sepolyacrylamide (PAM), majeli estarch akagadziriswa, uye zvinhu zvinotambanudza—kudzora ma profiles emvura uye kugadzirisa kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta. Kusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kwete chete kushanda kwekuisa zvinhu ipapo ipapo asiwo kuenderana kwenguva refu kwezvinosanganisa mvura mumatangi akaomarara.
Munzvimbo dzakadzika, dzakasiyana-siyana, kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinobatanidza mvura zvinoita kuti hunhu hwemushonga huenderane nenzvimbo dzakatarwa, zvichidzivirira kubuda kwemvura nguva isati yakwana kana kupararira kusina kuenzana. Semuenzaniso, zvinomiririra PAM zvinowanzoda kugadziriswa kwehuwandu hwemvura kuti zvigadzire simba rekuisa mvura uye kudzika kwekufamba, kunyanya apo kusiyana kwemvura kunokonzera kukurumidza kufamba kwemvura. Muchokwadi, zvinomiririra high-performance profile control agents—zvichienderana nehuwandu uye huwandu hwemvura—zvinogonesa kupatsanurwa kwakanyatsojeka, sezvo slugs dzakasimba dziri pedyo newellbore dzichipa plugging yakasimba, nepo zvinomiririra mvura zvakanyungudutswa zvichifamba zvakadzika kuti zvibudirire.
Nzvimbo yekushanda inoita kuti pave nezvinodiwa zvikuru zvehunyanzvi. Zvinhu zvinobatanidza ma "plugging" zvakaita se "modified starch gels" ne "ethylenediamine", sezvakaratidzwa muzvidzidzo zverabhoritari munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvinokurumidza kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwekugadzirwa uye zvinoderedza kuchekwa kwemvura kana zvikaongororwa nemazvo zvichienderana nehuwandu hwazvo hwakayerwa. Saizvozvowo, zvidimbu zve graphite zvinokwanisa kuwedzerwa, zvakagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, dzine salinity carbonate reservoirs, zvinosangana nekuchinja kukuru kwehuwandu - kuwedzera katatu kusvika kasere - zvichichinja huwandu hwazvo hwekumisikidzwa uye nekudaro kushanda zvakanaka kwe "plugging". Kuyerwa kwe "inline density" kwakakosha kuti kudzoreredze kuchinja uku kweproperty, kunyanya panguva ye "high-throughput injection rounds".
Nzira dzemazuva ano dzekuyeresa sampuli uye nzira dzekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zviri kunze kwenzvimbo dzinenge dzichishandiswa dzinopa zvipingamupinyi zvikuru pakushanda. Kugara uchiyeresa sampuli nemaoko kunoita kuti dzisakodzere kuona kuchinja-chinja kwehuwandu hwezvinhu panguva yekushanda kwenzvimbo dzinenge dzichishandiswa. Kunonoka pakati pekutorwa kwesampuro, kuongororwa kwerabhoritari, uye kudzoserwa kwemhinduro kukamuri rekudzora kunogona kudarika nguva yekupindura maitiro, zvichikonzera njodzi yekupinza mishonga isina kutsanangurwa uye kukanganisa matanho ekudzora chimiro chedura. Kuora kwesampuro, kuchinja kwetembiricha, uye kusiyana kwemushandisi kunowedzera kukanganisa kusimba kwedata rehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri kunze kwenzvimbo, zvichidzivirira kugadziriswa kwakanyatsojeka kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatanidza makemikari mukushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzinenge dzichishandiswa mafuta.
Kusiyana neizvi, michina yekuyera huwandu hwemagetsi yakaiswa zvakananga kuma chemical injection stands kana ma mixing manifolds inopa huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi panguva chaiyo. Mhinduro iyi inoramba ichidikanwa pakutevera huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi mumapaipi emafuta sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu nemafomu zvinochinja, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuisa. Kune masisitimu anobata ma multiphase uye solid-expanding agents akadai seWMEG, instruments dzemagetsi emagetsi dzinogona kutarisa huwandu hwemagetsi ese uye chikamu mukati mekuwedzera nekusanganisa, zvichipa mainjiniya ekugadzira process maonero ekukurumidza emhando yekushanda uye kuratidza kutsauka kusati kwakanganisa mashandiro emagetsi.
Kugona uku kwenguva chaiyo kunotsigira kurongwa kwedosi kwakanyatsogadziriswa, kugadziriswa kwefomula nekukurumidza, uye matanho ekugadzirisa nekukurumidza, kunyanya kana uchishandisa ma polymer slugs akagadziriswa muzvivakwa zvakaoma zvematsime. Kubatanidzwa kwekuyera kwe inline density kune plugging agents kunotungamira zvakananga musarudzo dzekupinza mvura, kudzora profile, uye manejimendi yenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemvura.
Kune vanofambisa mafuta munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mafuta, kushandisa masisitimu ekutarisa huwandu hwemafuta ari mumutsara—senge ayo akagadzirwa neLonnmeter—kunogonesa kugadziriswa kwekushandiswa kwemakemikari, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvinhu zvekare, uye kunogadzira hwaro hwekudzora maitiro emangwana munzvimbo dzakaoma dzematangi.
Kuyerwa kweInline Density: Nheyo, Mabhenefiti, uye Nyaya dzeKushandisa
Kuyera huwandu hwemvura mumitsetse (inline density) ndiko kuona zvakananga uye panguva chaiyo huwandu hwemvura painofamba nemumapaipi, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekutorwa kwemasampuli nemaoko. Kune matsime emvura nemafuta anoshandisa chinhu chinovhara mvura kudzora chimiro chemvura uye zvinhu zvinodzora chimiro chepamusoro, musimboti uyu unogonesa kunzwisisa nekukurumidza uye nguva dzose maitiro echinhu chacho.
Nheyo dzeInline Density Measurement
Nzira huru inoshandiswa pakushandisa michina miviri mikuru: Coriolis flow meter uye vibrating tube densitometer. Coriolis metres dzinoona phase shift mumachubhu anodedera, zvichibatanidza kuchinja uku nehukuru hwekuyerera uye vibrational frequency ne fluid density. Vibrating tube densitometers dzinoshanda nekutarisa shanduko mu resonance frequency; kudzikira kwefrequency kunoenderana nekuwedzera kwe fluid density mukati mechubhu.
Mabhenefiti eInline Density Measurement
- Kutevera huwandu hwemakemikari panguva chaiyo kunounza zvakanakira zvinotevera:Kugadzirisa Maitiro:Vashandi vanogona kuona ipapo ipapo huwandu uye kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvinovhara mvura, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe uye kuderedza kutambisa kwezvinhu zvinovhara mvura. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinovhara mvura kunoita kuti pave nekunangwa kwakanyatsojeka kwenzvimbo dzinopinda mvura yakawanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, zvichiwedzera kushanda kwechinhu chinodzora mvura mumatsime ekuisa mvura.
- Kudzora Kwakawedzerwa:Mhinduro dzinobva pakukurumidza pamusoro pehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinodzora ma profile uye zvinobatanidza ma plugging zvinoita kuti mainjiniya emumunda agadzirise mwero wekuisa ma injection zvichienderana nemamiriro emugodhi unochinja, zvichiita kuti zviwedzere kushanda zvakanaka.
- Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Pakarepo:Kuwanda kwemasero kunogona kuratidza matambudziko emuchina, kusanganisa mishonga zvisirizvo, kana kusashanda zvakanaka kwemuchina panguva yekubaiwa jekiseni, zvichiita kuti mushonga upinde nekukurumidza uye kuderedza nguva yekushanda.
Kushandiswa Kwakavandudzwa kweMumiririri:Kugadzirisa huwandu hwechinhu chinobatanidza mafuta mumafuta uchishandisa inline monitoring kunoderedza kuwanda kwemafuta anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye asina kubikwa zvakanaka—izvi zvinotungamira mukushanda zvakanaka kwekubatanidza mafuta, kuderedzwa kwemarara epolymer, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi nezvakatipoteredza.
Mashandisirwo Ezvinhu Mukushandiswa Kwenzvimbo dzeOiri
Kuramba Uchitarisa Munguva Yekubaiwa Jekiseni Nemushonga
Midziyo yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya panguva yekudzora huwandu hwemvura uye kupinza kwePAM mumatsime ekuisa mvura. Mune imwe bvunzo yakanyorwa, sisitimu yeLonnmeter yakachengetedza huwandu hwemvura yakapihwa PAM mukugadzirwa kwayo, ichipa data panguva pfupi. Vashandi vakagadzirisa nekukurumidza kuyerera kwemvura, vachigadzirisa mashandisirwo emakemikari, uye vachivandudza kuvharwa kwemvura muzvikamu zvetangi.
Kuitwa Kweminda Yakakura Mumadhamu Akasiyana-siyana
Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura, kutarisa huwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo uchishandisa michina yeLonnmeter kunogonesa kugadzirisa nzira dzakaoma dzekuyerera. Nekuyera huwandu hwemvura zvakananga murwizi rwejekiseni, mainjiniya anosimbisa kuiswa kwezvishandiso zvinoshandisa mapulagi emvura mumatsime ejekiseni emvura - kunyanya zvakakosha apo geology inoda kunyatsojeka. Zvidzidzo zvekusimbisa murabhoritari zvinosimbisa kuti machubhu anodedera anogona kutevera shanduko dzehuwandu hwemvura pasi pekuyerera kwemvura, kwakasanganiswa, zvichitsigira kudzora kwemaitiro pamatanho ese ari maviri epilot neakazara.
Ma profiles ehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakaunganidzwa anobatsira kugadzirisa musanganiswa uye kutumirwa kwemakemikari, kuita kuti kuverenga huwandu hwezvinhu zvive nyore, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi. Kubatanidzwa kwemidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu hakungotsigiri chete vimbiso yemhando yepamusoro asiwo kunopa ongororo inoshanda kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwenzvimbo inochengeterwa mvura.
Muchidimbu, kuyera huwandu hwemafuta mumitsetse ndiyo musimboti wekugadzirisa huwandu hwemafuta uye kudzora maitiro ekuisa mishonga yekubatanidza mafuta muminda yemafuta. Zvishandiso zveLonnmeter zvinopa mhinduro inodiwa, kuvimbika, uye kumhanya kwakakosha pakushanda kwemuminda yemafuta yanhasi, zvichiita kuti pave nekutarisa kwenguva chaiyo uye kushandiswa zvakanaka kwemafuta muminda yemafuta uye mapurojekiti ekuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta.
Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu: Mhinduro dzekushandisa pakudzora purofiti
Kuyera huwandu hwemvura hwakakodzera zvikuru pakugadzirisa matsime emvura, kunyanya mukutarisira matangi akasiyana-siyana uye kushandiswa zvakanaka kwezvinodzora mafambiro emvura kana zvinovhara madziro. Kuyera huwandu hwemvura hwakabatana kunotsigira kuyera kwakanyatsojeka kwezvinoshandiswa mumakemikari zvakaita sePolyacrylamide (PAM), zvichiita kuti pave nekushanda kwakanaka munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mafuta apo huwandu hwezvinoshandiswa mukuisa madziro hunofanira kudzorwa zvakanyanya.
Mhinduro dzemazuva ano dzekuyera density mumamiriro ezvinhu aya dzinonyanya kushandisa Coriolis flow metres uye vibrating tube densitometers. Coriolis flow metres inonyanya kukosheswa nekuda kwekuyerera kwayo zvakananga uye density readings. Midziyo iyi inoshanda nekuyera simba reCoriolis rinogadzirwa sezvo fluid ichipfuura nemachubhu anodedera, uko frequency uye phase shift zvinoenderana nemasvomhu nehuwandu hwemvura uye mass flow. Iyi nheyo inobvumira kutarisa kwakarurama kwekuchinja kwe density panguva chaiyo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kumatsime emvura achishandisa makemikari akasiyana-siyana.
Kururama kwemamita ekuyerera kweCoriolis kunowanzo kusvika ±0.001 g/cm³ kana kupfuura, izvo zvakakosha pakutarisa huwandu hwechinhu chinovhara kuti chidzore chimiro chedura. Semuenzaniso, pakuisa PAM-based kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzora chimiro chedu mudura remvura dzakasiyana, kunyangwe kutsauka kudiki kunogona kukanganisa kutonga kwekubatana, kushanda zvakanaka, uye pakupedzisira, huwandu hwekudzoreredza mafuta. Kugona kupa kuyerwa kwehuwandu panguva chaiyo mumamiriro emafuta kunobvumira mhinduro nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa nekukurumidza huwandu hwekupinza makemikari, kudzivirira kurapwa kwakanyanya kana kusanyanya.
Kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yakakodzera yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoshandiswa pakuisa makemikari kunoda kutariswa zvinhu zvakati wandei. Kuyera kunofanirwa kuenderana nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwemvura inoiswa makemikari uye mishonga, dzimwe nguva kubva pamvura ine mvura shoma kusvika kune mhinduro dzePAM dzakasimba. Kururama kwakakosha, sezvo huwandu hwezvinhu zvisina kunyatsonzwisiswa zvinogona kukonzera kuvharika kusingakoshi kana kutokuvadzwa nedhamu. Kuenderana kwemakemikari ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha; mita dzeLonnmeter dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvakanyorova zvakagadzirwa kuti zvisapararire ngura uye kukura, zvichiita kuti zvishande munzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda kana dzine makemikari akasimba.
Zvinodiwa pakuiswa kwemidziyo zvine basa guru pakusarudza michina. Mamita ekuyerera kweCoriolis anobatsira nekuda kwekuchinjika kwawo mukugadzirwa kwepombi—anowanzo dzivirirwa pakukanganiswa kwemafambiro ekuyerera kwemvura uye anoda kuti pombi dzisamhanye zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidzwa mumitsetse yakaoma uye ma skid. Zvisinei, kuiswa kwepombi kunofanira kuderedza kudedera kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengetedza kusimba kwekuyera, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri kure, dzekunze, kana dzekufamba.
Kugadzirisa zvinhu kunonyanya kukoshesa kusavapo kwezvikamu zvinofamba mumamita ese eCoriolis uye machubhu anodedera, zvichideredza kupera simba uye njodzi yekudonha kana kutadza kwesensa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kurongwa kwekuyera mvura zvichienderana nemvura yakajairwa kuchiri kudiwa, kunyanya kana musanganiswa wemvura yakapinzwa uchichinja nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuchinja kwekugadzirwa kana kupindira kwemugodhi.
Mhinduro idzi dzekuyera huwandu hwemagetsi dzinowanzo batanidzwa nehurongwa hweoilfield automation. Kuwanikwa kwedata rehuwandu hwemagetsi panguva chaiyo kunotsigira mhinduro dzinoenderera mberi, zvichigonesa kudzora kweprofile control agent dosing kana plugging agent blending. Kubatanidzwa uku kunotarisa huwandu hwemakemikari paanenge achiiswa jekiseni, kuona chero kutsauka kunogona kukanganisa kuenderana kwereservoir, uye kunogadzirisa otomatiki maparamita esystem kuti arambe achigadziriswa zvakanaka. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuyerwa kwakaringana kwehuwandu hwemagetsi eplugging agents uye PAM dosing mumatsime emvura akasiyana-siyana—chinhu chakakosha chemaitiro emazuva ano ekuvandudza mafuta.
Kuchengetedza kutevedza kwehuwandu hwezvinhu nenzira yakarurama uye yakavimbika uchishandisa zvishandiso zvakaita seLonnmeter inline density metres kunoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa ma plugging agents, kunoderedza marara emakemikari, uye kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwe well. Mashandisirwo acho anotangira pakupinda mu well-single kusvika kune ma complex multi-zone, automated injection networks, uko kutevedza kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvemakemikari panguva chaiyo kunotsigira zvakananga zvinangwa zvekushanda kwe oilfield.
Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekuyera Kuwanda Kwemagetsi Munguva Yechokwadi
Nhungamiro dzekuisa, kuyera, uye kuchengetedza mita dze inline density ndiyo hwaro hwekuyera kwakasimba uye kwakarurama—kunyanya mukushandiswa kwemafuta munzvimbo dzakadai sematsime emvura uye matangi akasiyana-siyana. Midziyo yakaita seyeLonnmeter inofanira kuiswa muzvikamu zvemapaipi uko kuyerera kwacho kwakaenzana uye kwakabatana. Izvi zvinoreva kuwana mita kure nemakomba, mavharuvhu, mapombi, uye chero nzvimbo dzinokonzera nyonganyonga kudzivirira kupatsanurwa kana kupinza mhepo, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kururama kusvika ku5% kana zvikasaonekwa. Maitiro akajairwa anoratidza kanenge kagumi kupfuura dhayamita yepombi sedanho rakatwasuka kumusoro uye kashanu pasi kubva kusenser, zvichitsigira kuyera kwakakodzera kwezvinobatanidza kana zvinodzora ma profile zvinopinzwa mukutarisira reservoir.
Kusvikika uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza zvakakosha. Isa michina uko kuongororwa nekuongororwa nguva dzose kunogona kuitwa zvakachengeteka, pasina kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nekudengenyeka kana tembiricha yakanyanya. Kurongeka kwemuchina—kwakatambanuka kana kwakamira—kunofanira kutevedzera nhungamiro dzaLonnmeter kuti uchengetedze kusimba kwesensa uye hupenyu hwese.
Kugadzirisa kunofanira kutanga pakuiswa, uchishandisa mvura yakabvumidzwa yakaita semvura isina ion kana mimwe mitemo yakaongororwa neindasitiri inoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwechinhu chinoshandiswa pakupinza magetsi. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuverenga kwekutanga kuve kwakarurama uye zvinogadzira hwaro hwekutarisa nguva dzose. Munzvimbo dzekushanda, ronga kuyera nguva dzose—kazhinji pamwedzi mitanhatu kana pagore—kwakagadzirirwa kugadzikana kwemudziyo uye zvinodiwa pakushanda. Kugadzirisa kunofanirwa kusanganisira muripo wekuchinja-chinja kwekushisa nekumanikidzwa uchishandisa masensa akapinzwa uye telemetry, sezvo kuverenga kwehuwandu hwePAM kana mamwe ma chemical agents akashandiswa pakuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta anoshandiswa anonyanya kukanganiswa nekuchinja uku.
Kuongororwa kwezviyero zviri mukati memutsara kunofanirwa kuitwa nekutora sampuli dzemvura nguva nenguva uye kuongorora huwandu hwezvinhu murabhoritari, mhedzisiro yacho ichienzaniswa nekuverenga kwakaitwa mukati memuchina. Maitiro aya, achitsigirwa nemazano akasimbiswa akadai seAPI RP 13B-2, anobatsira kusimbisa kururama kwekushanda uye kushanda kwekuongorora kuri kuitwa.
Maitiro ekushanda anoenderera mberi ekutarisa huwandu hwema agents anoenderana nekubatanidza data rekuyera mukati memutsara nemasisitimu ekutarisira. Kutevera kwenguva chaiyo huwandu hwema agents e plugging panguva chaiyo yekutonga kwe reservoir profile kunobvumira vashandi kupindura nekukurumidza kutsauka mukugadzirwa kana kuunganidzwa, zvichigadzirisa nzira dzejekiseni dzema reservoir akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwema agents e real-time kunonyanya kuoneka kana kuumbwa kwe chemicals plugging agent kuchisiyana nezvinodiwa, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe nekukurumidza.
Kutarisira data rehuwandu kwakakosha. Masisitimu ekuyera ari mukati memutsara anofanira kutora otomatiki poindi yega yega yedata, mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika, uye zviitiko zvekuongorora log. Kuongorora data kwakanaka—kuburikidza nemifananidzo yemafirimu uye mishumo yenhamba—kunotsigira kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza, kunogonesa kugadzirisa maitiro, uye kunopa magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo yemapurojekiti ekuisa mvura. Vashandi vanofanirwa kushandisa data iri rehuwandu kuti vawedzere kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta kubva mumatangi akasiyana, kugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu, uye kusimbisa mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvekutonga zvemhando yepamusoro.
Kushandiswa kwemidziyo yepamusoro yeLonnmeter yekuyera inline density kunotsigira kugadzirisa makemikari anodzivirira density, zvichigonesa mapoka emafuta kuchengetedza kushanda kwemidziyo inovhara uye mishonga yekudzora profile, kunyanya mukushanda kwakaoma kwemvura inopinda mutsime. Kuongorora nguva dzose uye kugadzirisa michina yekuyera, pamwe chete nemaitiro akasimba ekugadzirisa uye data, zvinoita kuti masisitimu ekutarisa density yemafuta ePolyacrylamide (PAM) uye mamwe mashandisirwo anoenderana nawo arambe akavimbika.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) uye Mamwe Makemikoro Ekudzora Profile: Kuongorora uye Kuyera
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura muzvinwiwa zvine polyacrylamide (PAM) uye zvinodzora ma profile agents emumatsime ekuisa mvura kunoda nzira dzakagadzirwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwezvinhu izvi. PAM—polymer inoshandiswa zvakanyanya se plugging agent yekudzora ma reservoir profile uye kuwedzera kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta—inoratidza highkusvibauye maitiro akaomarara echikamu, izvo zvinoita kuti kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwakaoma uye panguva chaiyo.
Kufunga Nezvekusviba Kwakanyanya uye Kufunga NezveMedia Inopindura
Mhinduro dzePAM, kunyanya kana dzikasanganiswa ne cross-linkers dzakadai se polyethylenimine (PEI), dzinoshanduka nekukurumidza kubva pamvura kuenda ku gel, zvichikonzera kusimba uye kuwanda kwakasiyana. Kuyerwa kwe inline density ye plugging agents mu oilfield applications kunofanirwa kugamuchira ma gels, thixotropic flow, uye multiphase regions. Sezvo PAM ichiita react kana ma gels mukupindura tembiricha nenzvimbo yemakemikari, nzvimbo dziri mukati me single process stream dzinogona kuratidza densities dzakasiyana uye viscosities panguva imwe chete, zvichiita kuti kuyera kwakafanana kuve kwakaoma. Kusimba kamwe kamwe kunowedzera dampen sensor response, uye phase separation (kubva pamvura kuenda ku semi-solid) inokanganisa standard sensor principles dzakadai seCoriolis kana vibrating tube methods, kazhinji zvichikonzera drift kana signal loss.
Kupisa kwemaitiro ekupinza mvura uye mamiriro akasiyana ekuchengetedza mvura kunogona kusvika 150°C, zvichiwedzera matambudziko ekuyera. Kupisa kwakanyanya hakungokurumidzi kuumbwa kwegel chete asiwo kunowedzera mwero wekuora kwemapolymer, zvichikanganisa viscosity uye density. Kuvapo kwemvura ine saline, glycerol isina kuchena, kana zvimwe zvinowedzera kunochinja maitiro e rheological, saka michina yekuyera density yekupinza makemikari inofanira kunge yakasimba kana ichipesana nekuchinja kunogara kuripo munzvimbo yemuviri neyemakemikari. Zvidzidzo zvemumunda zvinoratidza kuti inline density sensors dzinogona kuda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva kana kugadziriswa kuti dzideredze kusvibiswa kwema sensor uye kurasikirwa ne sensitivity nekuda kwekuchinja kwe solid content uye gel aggregation.
Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Ekusviba uye Zvemukati Zvakasimba
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemukati hwezvinhu zvinobatanidza zvinhu zvinobatanidza zvinhu kunokonzerwa zvakananga nemutengo wezvikamu zvakasimba muPAM/PEI fluids. Sezvo zvinhu zvakasimba kana flocs zvichiumbwa uye zvichigara munzvimbo dzekuchera kana dzemafuta, huwandu hwenzvimbo—uye viscosity—zvinochinja-chinja nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti mashandiro emasisitimu ekutarisa huwandu hwemafuta munzvimbo dzemafuta aoma. Muenzaniso: panguva yekubaya maPAM-based profile control agents muzvigadziko zvakasiyana-siyana, kuumbwa kwemagetsi kwemagels akaomarara neasina simba kunogona kukonzera kupatsanurwa kwechikamu nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinogona kuvhara kana kudzvanya masensa ehuwandu akaiswa murwizi, zvichikanganisa kuvimbika kwedata.
Kutevera huwandu hwemakemikari panguva chaiyo kunoda sisitimu yekuyera inokwanisa kugadzirisa shanduko idzi nekukurumidza. Masensa epamusoro anogona kushandisa nzira dze ultrasound kana nuclear kuti akunde zvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji dzemazuva ano, kunyangwe kuvimbika kwenzvimbo mukuyerera kwePAM kwakanyanya kupisa uye kwezvikamu zvakawanda kuchiramba kuri nzvimbo yekuvandudza nguva dzose.
Zvinokonzera Kubatanidza, Kudzora Maprofile, uye Kuwedzera Kutsvaira
Kuti pave nekudzora kwakanaka kweprofile mumatsime emvura achishandisa PAM nedzimwe mishonga yekubvisa mapombi, kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakodzera hwemapombi kwakakosha pakufanotaura kudzika kwepluging uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe sweep. Kugadziriswa kwe density ye plugging agent kunosarudza kufamba kwayo kuburikidza ne heterogeneous reservoir matrix, zvichikanganisa kuenderana kwayo uye kupora kwayo. Kusagadziriswa kwakakwana kwe density kunogona kukonzera gelation isati yasvika mukati me injection lines kana kusakwana kwekupinda mu oil-bearing formation.
Munguva yekutsvaira nekudzora kuenderana kwemvura, mashandisirwo ePAM mumatangi akasiyana-siyana anobatsirwa nemhinduro dzinogara dziripo uye dzakarurama pamusoro pekuwanda kwemvura. Kukundikana kugadzirisa kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemvura nekuda kwekuoma uye zvinhu zvakasimba kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwezvishandiso zvekutonga zvine simba. Masisitimu ekuyera huwandu hwemvura mukati memutsara anogonesa kupindira panguva yakakodzera—senge kugadzirisa mwero wejekiseni kana kugadzirisa fomura—zvichibva pakuverengwa kwenguva chaiyo. Kuwanda kwechinhu chinobatanidza mafuta mukushandiswa kwemafuta nokudaro kunova chinhu chakakosha chekubudirira kwekupinza mvura uye kutarisira matangi.
Nhamba pfupiso kubva mukuyedza kunoratidza kuti kukanganisa kwekuverenga huwandu hwemvura kunogona kudarika 15% panguva yekuchinja kwegelation nekukurumidza kana kushanduka kwehuwandu hwemvura, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekugadzirisa nguva nenguva uye kugadzirisa masensa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakavimbika. Kugadzirisa tekinoroji yekuyera huwandu hwemvura uye maprotocol kwakakosha pakuisa ma plugging agents anoshanda mumatsime ekuisa mvura uye maPAM applications akasimba mukutonga chimiro chemafuta.
Kugadzirisa Maitiro Ekugadzira Agent uye Kupinza Majekiseni Uchishandisa Density Data
Kuyera huwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo kwakakosha pakudzora kuumbwa kwayo uye nzira yekuisa mvura mumatsime ekuisa mvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzematangi. Ruzivo rwehuwandu hwemvura kubva mumidziyo yakaita seyakagadzirwa neLonnmeter runogonesa vashandisi kugadzirisa huwandu hwemakemikari akadai sePolyacrylamide (PAM) uye ma microspheres epolymer akakwirira sezvaanoiswa, zvichiita kuti aendeswe zvakanaka zvichienderana nemamiriro emvura aripo iye zvino.
Mhinduro yehuwandu hwemvura chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa mashandisirwo emvura. Vashandi vanogona kugadzirisa huwandu hwemvura inoiswa mumasero uye kuyerwa kwemakemikari nekutarisa nguva dzose huwandu hwemvura inoiswa mumasero isati yatanga uye panguva yekubaya. Semuenzaniso, kana kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura mumutsara wemvura kukaona kusanganiswa kusingatarisirwi muhuwandu hwemvura inoiswa mumasero, sisitimu yekudzora inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemvura kana kugadzirisa musanganiswa wemvura kuti udzokere kune zvakatarwa. Nzira iyi inochengetedza kushanda kwePAM kana multi-scale polymer microsphere formulations, zvichiwedzera mashandiro avo ekuisa mvura mumigodhi yekuisa mvura uye kuderedza kuyerera kwemvura kusingadzoreki munzvimbo dzisina mvura yakawanda.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura kwakagadziriswa kunovandudza nzira dzemafashamo akawanda. Nekutevera shanduko dzenguva chaiyo muhuwandu hwemvura panguva yekupinza mvura inotevedzana, mainjiniya vanogona kugadzirisa denderedzwa rega rega—vachideredza kana kuti kucheneswa zvakanyanya kwezvikamu zvemvura zvakati wandei. Pamafashamo akabatanidzwa, akadai sekushandiswa kwepolymer microspheres kunoteverwa negel agents, kutarisa huwandu hwemvura kunoona kushanda kwemusanganiswa uye kunotanga kugadziriswa nguva nenguva kuti pave nekudzora kwakawanda.
Chati iri pazasi inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pekuwanda kwemushonga, kumanikidzwa kwejekiseni, uye chiyero chekudzoreredza mafuta mukushandiswa kwakawanda:
Mwero weKupora uchienzaniswa neKuwanda kweAgent uye Kumanikidzwa kweJekiseni | Kuwanda kweAgent (g/cm³) | Kumanikidzwa kweJekiseni (MPa) | Mwero weKupora (%) |
|-------------------------|- ...|
| 1.05 | 12 | 47 |
| 1.07 | 13 | 52 |
| 1.09 | 14 | 56 |
| 1.11 | 15 | 59 |
Kururama kwakanyanya uye kupindura pakuyera huwandu hwemvura, sezvakaitwa nehurongwa hwekutarisa huwandu hwemvura kubva kuLonnmeter, zvinodzivirira zvakananga kufamba kwemvura. Kutevera huwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti chinhu chinovhara mvura chive chakasimba zvakakwana, zvichimisa kugadzirwa kwenzira dzemvura dzinodiwa izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura. Kuzivisa huwandu hwemvura nekukurumidza kunobvumira vashandi kukwidza kumanikidzwa kwejekiseni kana kugadzirisa patsva chimiro, vachichengetedza kuvharwa kwakafanana uye vachidzivirira nzvimbo dzisina kusimba dzemvura.
Kushandisa data rehuwandu hwemagetsi zvinobudirira kunovandudza kudzora kumanikidzwa kwejekiseni. Vashandi vanogona kugadzirisa shanduko muhuwandu hwemagetsi dzinokanganisa kusimba kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa, nokudaro vachichengetedza marongero akanaka epombi uye kudzivirira kudzvanywa kwakanyanya kana kusashanda zvakanaka. Maitiro aya anotungamirirwa nedata anowedzera kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta uku vachideredza mari yekushanda inokonzerwa nekushandiswa zvakanyanya kwemakemikari kana kusabatanidza zvakanaka.
Pakushandiswa mumatangi akasiyana-siyana, kugadzirisa huwandu hwemakemikari—kunyanya PAM kana multi-scale polymer microspheres—kunogadzirisa chimiro chemakemikari nemakemikari chechinhu chinovhara madziro zvichienderana nekusiyana kwemaburi ari mudombo. Mugumisiro wacho ndewekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kuvandudzika kwenguva refu mukudzoreredzwa kwemafuta mumatsime emvura. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura mumutsara kunoramba kuri tekinoroji yekutanga yekushanda kwemakemikari, kugadzirisa nguva chaiyo, uye kudzora zvine hungwaru mumabasa emazuva ano emafuta.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Chii chinorehwa nekuyera huwandu hwemukati memasero ekugadzirisa ma profile agents?
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura mumigero yemvura kunoita basa guru mukutarisira matsime emvura nekugonesa vashandi kuti vatarise kuumbwa uye kushanda kwezvishandiso zvekuchengetedza ruzivo munguva chaiyo. Nekufamba kwedata nguva dzose, mainjiniya emumunda vanogona kuona kana zvinhu zvinodzora ruzivo, zvakaita semakemikari anovhara mvura, zvakasanganiswa uye zvinobayiwa pahuwandu hwakatarwa. Izvi zvinotsigira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kwezvipimo zvejekiseni, kuderedza kuwanda kwemvura kana kusashandiswa zvakanaka, uye zvinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa kwehuwandu hwemvura munguva chaiyo kunobvumirawo kuziva nekukurumidza chero kutsauka muzvimiro zvemvura, zvichiita kuti kupindira nekukurumidza kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemaitiro uye kuwana kutsvaira kwakakwana mukati memugero. Mita dzehuwandu hwemvura dzinobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekufambisa nzira nekuona kuti zvinhu zvinoendesa zvinhu kunzvimbo dzaunoda, zvichivandudza zvakananga manejimendi yemugero uye mwero wekudzoreredza mafuta.
Kuwanda kwezvishandiso zvekubatanidza zvinokanganisa sei kushanda kwazvo muzvidziyo zvakasiyana-siyana?
Kuwanda kwechinhu chinovhara mvura kunokanganisa zvakananga maitiro acho munzvimbo dzakaoma, dzakasiyana-siyana. Kudzora huwandu hwakakodzera hwemvura kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chinhu chinovhara mvura chisvike munzvimbo dzaunoda, sezvo zvinhu zvisina kuzara zvakanyanya zvinogona kuyambuka nzira dzinopinda mvura yakawanda, nepo zvinhu zvakawandisa zvinogona kugara nguva isati yakwana uye kuvhara nzvimbo dzisina kutarisirwa. Kuenzanisa uku kwehuwandu hwemvura kunoita kuti chinhu chinovhara mvura chifambe zvakanaka, zvichideredza kuyerera kwemvura kusingadiwe uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekutsvaira. Kuti zvishandiswe zvakanaka, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo kunobvumira kuonekwa nekukurumidza nekugadzirisa kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemvura, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kugona kwechinhu chinovhara mvura uye kuwedzera kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta nekuona kuti chinoshanda sezvakarongwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvakakodzera kuyerwa huwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo mumatsime ekuisa mvura?
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo munzvimbo inoda mvura inoda michina yakasimba uye inodzivirira makemikari. MaCoriolis flow meter nema vibrating tube densitometers anowanzo shandiswa nekuda kwekururama kwawo kwakaratidzwa uye kukodzera kushandiswa mukati memutsara. Zvishandiso izvi zvinotsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha dzakasiyana, uye makemikari akasimba anowanzo shandiswa pakushandisa majekiseni, zvichipa kutarisa nguva dzose ma plugging agents nema profile control agents pasina kudzokororwa kakawanda. Data rinogadzirwa nemamita aya rakakosha pakutevera maitiro uye kugadzirisa nekukurumidza, kuchengetedza mashandiro uye kuderedza njodzi dzekushanda mumunda.
Sei kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwePolyacrylamide (PAM) kuchinetsa mukushandiswa kweprofile control?
Kuyera huwandu hwePolyacrylamide (PAM), chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira matsime emvura, kune matambudziko akasiyana ekushanda. Kusimba kwakanyanya kwePAM uye maitiro ayo ekuparadzanisa zvikamu uye gelation pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa nzira dzemazuva ano dze densitometric. Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti kuverenga kusagadzikane. Kuti zvirambe zvakarurama, zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa zvakananga zvine magadzirirwo akawedzerwa—zvakadai se self-cleaning vibrating tube densitometers—uye maitiro ekugadzirisa nguva nenguva zvinodiwa. Kuongororwa nguva nenguva uye kungwarira kubva pakusvibiswa kana kubatwa kwemabubble emhepo kunowedzera kuita kuti data rehuwandu rirambe rakavimbika, zvichitsigira kushandiswa kwakanaka kwePAM-based solutions mumatangi akasiyana-siyana.
Ko ruzivo rwehuwandu hwevanhu runogona kushandiswa here kugadzirisa nzira dzekushandisa majekiseni ekudzivirira ma profile control agents?
Ehe, kubatanidza data renguva chaiyo mukugadziriswa kwejekiseni kunopa simba kune vanoisa majekiseni kugadzirisa nenzira inochinja dosage, concentration, uye flow rates yeprofile control agents pamwe chete neplugging agents. Kutarisa uku kwakapinza kunogonesa kuiswa kwe agents nemazvo uye kuvharwa kwenzira dzinopinda mvura yakawanda mukati mematangi akasiyana. Maitiro ekugadzirisa akavakirwa pakuverenga kwe inline density anovandudza conformity yetangi, kuchengetedza kugoverwa kwepressure inodiwa, uye kuderedza kutambisa makemikari. Mugumisiro wacho inzira inoshanda uye inopindura yekuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta - kunyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzakaoma kana dzakakura dzemafuta - kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yega yega inowana kurapwa kwakagadziriswa kwe agents sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu achichinja mukati mekuita kwejekiseni.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2025
