Kuyera kumanikidzwa kwakakosha mukuita kuti benzene ive ne nitration nekuda kwekudzora kwakasimba kunodiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu e reactor. Munguva yekuita kuti benzene ive ne nitration, kutarisa kwakarurama kwekumanikidzwa kunobatsira kuchengetedza mwero wekushandura wakakodzera uye kudzivirira kutsauka kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa kana kuchengetedzeka kwemiti. Dhizaini ye nitrate reactor inofanira kugadzirisa njodzi dzinosanganisirwa ne gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactions. Zviitiko zvinokurumidza zve exothermic, kuburitswa kamwe kamwe kwe nitrogen oxides, kana kuvharika netsaona zvinogona kukonzera shanduko dzekukurumidza kwekumanikidzwa, zvichikonzera njodzi dzekuputika kwemidziyo kana kuburitswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuwedzerwa kweNitrate yeBenzene
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Kuwanda kweBenzene uye Matambudziko Ayo Ekushanda
Kuwanda kwekuita kwebenzene senzira yekutanga mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari makuru, kushandura benzene neasidhi yakasanganiswa kuita nitrobenzene, chinhu chakakosha chemakemikari. Kushandiswa kukuru kweNitrobenzene kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemishonga, madhayi, zvinhu zvinoputika zvakaita seTNT, uye zvinhu zvinogadzira polymer zvemhando yepamusoro. Kukosha kwemaitiro aya muindasitiri hakuna kungoenderana nekukosha kwehupfumi hwekushandiswa kwenitrobenzene chete asiwo nekusimba kwezviyero zvekushanda zvinofanira kudzorwa.
Ongororo Yakakwana yeMaitiro eIndasitiri Benzene Nitration
Kugadzirwa kwe "industrial nitration" ye "benzene" idanho rekutanga mukugadzira nitrobenzene, chinhu chinotangira mu "fine chemical intermediates" dzakadai se "aniline synthesis". Pakati payo, shanduko iyi inoshandisa "electrophilic aromatic substitution", apo benzene inoshandurwa kuita nitrobenzene ne "reaction" nemusanganiswa we "nitrating" - kazhinji nitric acid ne sulfuric acid. "Mixed acid" inobatsira kuumbwa kwe nitronium ion (NO₂⁺), iyo principal electrophile, kuburikidza ne "reaction":
2 H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ → NO₂⁺ + H₃O⁺ + 2 HSO₄⁻
Iyo nitronium ion inorwisa ring yebenzene, ichiburitsa nitrobenzene uku ichiburitsa kupisa nekuda kwehunhu hwe exothermic hwe reaction. Kudzora kwakasimba pamusoro pekupisa, kuwanda kweasidhi, uye mwero wekuyerera kwe reactant kwakakosha; kupisa kwakanyanya kana kusiyana kwehuwandu kunogona kukonzera zvimwe zvinhu zvisingadiwe uye kusagadzikana kwemaitiro, zvichiita kuti ma parameter ekushanda agadziriswe zvakanaka ave akakosha pakugadzirwa kwe nitrobenzene kwakanaka uye kudzivirira njodzi dzezvimwe zvinhu.
Mukugadzira ma "industrial nitrate reactors", mainjiniya anofanira kugadzirisa matambudziko akati wandei ehunyanzvi. Kupisa kwakanyanya kwe "reactor" kunoda ma "heat exchangers" kana ma "cooling jackets" akabatanidzwa mu "reactor vessels". Zvinhu zvekuvaka "reactor" zvinofanirwa kutsungirira nguva dzose kubatwa ne "oxidative" uye "corrosive acids". "Glass-lined steel" uye "fluoropolymer-lined reactors" zvakajairika, asi "tantalum" uye "corrosion-resistant alloys" zvinogona kuwedzera hupenyu munzvimbo dzakakosha, kunyanya nekuunzwa kwe "tantalum diaphragm pressure transmitters" kuti ionekwe zvakanaka uye zvakagadzikana. Kusashanda kwemakemikari kweTantalum pasi pemamiriro e "mixed acid" kunoderedza kuchengetedza uye nguva yekuzorora.
Kuyera kumanikidzwa kunobudirira muma nitration reactors kwakakosha. Kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa mukati memiganhu yakachengeteka uye yakagadzirwa kunovimbisa kusimba kwechimiro, kuderedza njodzi dzinosanganisirwa nekudyisa, uye kunogonesa kudzora kwe closed-loop kune masisitimu otomatiki. Kutarisa kumanikidzwa kwenguva chaiyo, uchishandisa ma transmitter epamusoro akagadzirirwa nharaunda dzine hukasha, kunotsigira kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzirisa mashandiro. Ma reactors emazuva ano anoshandisa ma inline pressure transmitters akaiswa zvine hungwaru ane ma ports anozvichenesa uye ma purge cycles akajairika kudzivirira kuvharika kubva kuzvinhu zvakasimba zvinodonha kana magasi anoshanduka anowanikwa mu gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixture inowanikwa panguva yekushanda nguva dzose.
Dambudziko guru pakushanda kwemagetsi inyaya yekuvhara nzira yemagetsi inodzvanywa. Nekuda kwekuyerera kwemagetsi akawanda uye kuumbwa kwakasimba panguva ye nitration, mapombi emagetsi anogona kuvharika, zvichikonzera kuverenga kusina kururama kana kukwira kwesimba nekukurumidza. Mhinduro dzakadai semagadzirirwo e transmitter ekuzvichenesa, kuiswa kwechiteshi chakagadzirwa zvakanaka kure nenzvimbo dzinoda kuiswa kwakasimba kana kushanduka kwegasi, uye maitiro ekuchenesa anowanzoitwa anoderedza zvakanyanya nguva yekushanda uye kupindira kwekugadzirisa. Kudzora kudzvanywa uku kunoenderera mberi kunobvumira vashandisi kudzivirira kuwedzera kamwe kamwe, kune njodzi mukudzvanywa kwe reactor uku vachiramba vachienderera mberi nemaitiro.
Kuvandudzwa kwazvino mukushandiswa kwe catalysis dzakasiyana-siyana—kunyanya ne eco-friendly solid acid catalysts—kunopa goho rakakura uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwe sulfuric acid. Iyi nzira itsva inovandudza kuchengetedzeka kwenzira yekugadzira nitrobenzene uye inoderedza njodzi yekuora inokonzerwa nekushandiswa zvakanyanya kwe strong acids. Vachishandisa nanocatalysts dzakagadzirwa kana zvinhu zve composite oxide, vagadziri vanowana nitronium ion inobudirira mu liquid-phase reactions, zvichiita kuti reactor ishande nyore, kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuita kuti kumanikidzwa kuve nyore.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemukati me reactor uye zvishandiso kuchiri kukosha, sezvo maasidhi akasanganiswa achikonzera ngura yakanyanya. Tantalum diaphragm pressure transmitters ndiyo yakajairika mukuisa kwayo kwemazuva ano nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo kurwiswa nemakemikari, zvichideredza kutsiva kunodhura uye zvichibvumira nguva yakareba yekushanda pasina kukanganiswa kwemaitiro.
Kazhinji, kushandiswa kwebenzene nitration mumaindasitiri kunoshandisa makemikari chaiwo, mainjiniya ereaktori anodzorwa, zvishandiso zvehunyanzvi, uye zvinhu zvepamusoro zvinodzivirira ngura kuti zvipe kugadzirwa kwenitrobenzene kwakachengeteka uye kunowedzerwa. Kufambira mberi kwega kwega mukugadzira reaktori, tekinoroji yecatalyst, kana kudzora kumanikidzwa panguva chaiyo kunotsigira zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka uye kuvimbika kunodiwa mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari akanaka.
Kugadzirwa kweNitrobenzene kuburikidza neBenzene Nitration
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Matambudziko muKushanda kweNitrate Reactor
Hunhu Hwakasanganiswa hweAcid uye Nzvimbo Inonetsa
Maitiro ekuita kuti benzene nitration ishande anoenderana nemusanganiswa we nitric nesulfuric acids, zvichigadzira nzvimbo ine oxidizing uye inoparadza zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo iyi ine acid yakasanganiswa inorwisa zvinhu zvekuvaka zvakajairika, zvichikonzera kuora kwemidziyo nekukurumidza, kutetepa kwemadziro emapaipi, uye kukurumidza kutadza kushanda kwegasket. Kuora mu nitrate reactor hakungopfupisi hupenyu hwezvinhu zvakakosha chete asiwo kunowedzera njodzi yekubuda kwemvura, izvo zvinogona kugadzira mamiriro ekushanda ane njodzi nekuda kwechepfu yemakemikari uye mukana wekuti zvinhu zvisashande zvakanaka. Tantalum diaphragm pressure transmitters inowanzo tsanangurwa nekuti tantalum inodzivirira kurwiswa nemakemikari kunyangwe kana paine acid yakasanganiswa zvakanyanya. Kusarudza zvinhu zvakanyoroveswa zvakakodzera zvema reactor sensors ese uye nzvimbo dzekutapa kwakakosha pakuderedza frequency yekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kudzora kwemaitiro ekuita kuti benzene nitration kuve kwakavimbika.
Matambudziko eGas-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Reaction
Kushanda kwenitrate reactor kunoratidza kuvapo kwegasi, mvura, uye zvikamu zvakasimba panguva imwe chete. Nitrogen oxides uye steam inoshanduka semagasi; acids nebenzene zvinoumba chikamu chemvura; insoluble reaction byproducts zvinoonekwa sezvinhu zvakasimba. Iyi sisitimu yezvikamu zvitatu inotungamira kune maitiro ekuyerera akasiyana-siyana. Eddies, swirling, uye plug formation zvinogona kuitika mumapaipi nemapombi. Zvidimbu zvakasimba uye sticky deposits zvinotyisidzira kuvhara nzira dze pressure transmitter tapping uye impulse lines, kunyanya pa sensor diaphragm kana tube bends. Kuvhara kunokanganisa zvakananga kuvimbika kwe real-time pressure readings, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka kana kukanganisa process responses uye kukanganisa nitrobenzene quality. Maitiro ekudzivirira ekuchengetedza, akadai se periodic flushing uye kushandisa impulse line designs ne deadlegs shoma, ndiwo maitiro akajairwa eindasitiri ekurwisa matambudziko aya. Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwema advanced pressure sensors munzvimbo dzisina deposition yakasimba kunowedzera performance yekutarisa nguva dzose.
Kumanikidzwa Kunokurumidza Kukwira Uye Kutyisidzira Kuchengetedzeka
Benzene nitration inoitika panguva imwe chete. Kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwekushisa kana kuti acid flow rates kunogona kukonzera kukwira kwepressure nekukurumidza. Pasina kutarisa panguva chaiyo, kuwedzera kwepressure uku kunogona kudarika miganhu yekugadzira midziyo yereactor nemapombi, zvichikonzera kuputika kwemechanical, kuburitswa kwegasi rine chepfu kune njodzi, uye kuchengetedzeka kwemiti. Kutarisa kudzvanywa panguva chaiyo nematransmitter akasimba, akadai seaya ane tantalum diaphragms, kunoita kuti pave nekuona mafambiro asina kuchengetedzeka. Kupindira kwemushandisi nekukurumidza, maprotocol ekudzimwa otomatiki, uye alert sequences zvinoenderana nezvinobuda zve sensor zvinovimbika. Kuongororwa nguva dzose uye kugadziriswa kwematransmitter epressure kunowedzera kuvimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda, kudzivirira zviitiko zvekumanikidzwa zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza nharaunda yakachengeteka yekugadzirwa kwe nitrobenzene nguva dzose. Masensors anofanirwa kunge ari panzvimbo yakakodzera uye akachengetedzwa zvakakwana kubva mukusvibiswa kweprocess kuti ape kushanda pasina kukanganiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma e nitration.
Kuyerwa Kwepamusoro Kwekumanikidzwa Kwemukati: Kugadzirisa Zvinodiwa Zvekudzora Reactor
Madhiraivha eDzvinyiriro muBenzene Nitration
Kudzora kumanikidzwa kwakanyatsojeka kwakakosha mukuita kuti benzene ive ne nitration, uko makemikari e acid yakasanganiswa uye ngura ane mamiriro ezvinhu anoda reactor. Ma transmitter ekumanikidzwa akadai seRosemount 3051 akagadzirwa kuti agadzirise matambudziko aya. Anoshandisa diaphragms dzinodzivirira ngura—dzinowanzova sapphire kana tantalum—kuti dzikwanise kutsungirira simba re nitric ne sulfuric acids. Kugadzirwa kwe transmitter kunoita kuti kuverenga kwacho kugare kwakasimba, kusina kudonha kwemvura panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu, chinhu chakakosha sezvo kunyangwe kutsauka kudiki mukumanikidzwa kunogona kukanganisa kuchena kwe nitrobenzene uye kuchengetedzeka kwe reactor.
Data rekumanikidzwa rinobuda panguva chaiyo kubva kumuchina wekutumira rinobvumira mhinduro dzekudzora maitiro nekukasika. Sezvo kumanikidzwa kuri mukati memuchina wenitrate kuchigona kukura nekukurumidza nekuda kwekushanduka kwegasi nekukurumidza kana kuti exothermic reactions, masisitimu ega anoshandisa kuverenga uku kugadzirisa mwero wekudyisa uye maitiro ekubvisa mweya. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa mukati memiganhu yakasimba inodiwa pakugadzirwa kwenitrobenzene uye kuderedza mabheti asina kutsanangurwa.
Kugadziriswa nekugadziriswa zviri nyore chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Rosemount 3051 inotsigira kugadziriswa kwemumunda, zvichiita kuti mainjiniya vakurumidze kugadzirisa patsva panzvimbo yacho vasina kuparadzanisa mudziyo, izvo zvinoderedza nguva yekushanda uye zvinoita kuti nitrobenzene ibudiswe zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira, sezvakatsanangurwa mumagwaro ehunyanzvi emugadziri.
Dhizaini yakasimba yekutumira zvinhu inodzivirirawo kusvibiswa nemweya une acid kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinobuda muzvinhu izvi, ichidzivirira kukanganiswa kwemaitiro. Kuonekwa nekukurumidza uye kupora kunodzivirira kumanikidzwa kune njodzi uye kunoita kuti mishonga yemishonga nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa mu nitrobenzene irambe ichiburitswa.
Mabhenefiti eTantalum Diaphragm
Tantalum diaphragm inonyanya kufarirwa pakushandiswa kwenitrate reactor nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo ngura zvakanyanya. Kusiyana nesimbi kana alloys dzechinyakare, tantalum inochengetedza hunhu hwayo kana paine maacid akawandisa pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa. Kune gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction challenges mu benzene nitration, izvi zvakakosha; zvinhu zvisina simba zvinogona kukonzera maburi, kuputika, kana kukonzera mhedzisiro isingadiwe.
Kusakwanisa kweTantalum kurwisa mamiriro emusanganiswa weasidhi kunoderedza shanduko dzetransmitter dzisina kurongwa. Izvi zvinoderedza mari yekushanda uye yekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti kutarisisa kudzvanywa kwemhepo kurambe kuripo panguva chaiyo mumakemikari emakemikari. Mukuita, vashandisi vanosangana nezviitiko zvishoma zvekuvharika kwemasensa kana kutadza kushanda, zvese izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudzvanywa kamwe kamwe—njodzi huru yekuchengetedza ma nitration reactors.
Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti masensa ekumanikidza ane tantalum diaphragms ave akakosha kuti akwanise kuzadzisa kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka kwekugadzirwa kwema nitrate reactor emazuva ano, kunyanya pakugadzira nitrobenzene yakachena kwazvo yemakemikari ari pakati nepakati.
Kubatanidzwa Kwezvigadzirwa uye Maitiro Ekuisa
Kuisa nemazvo ma "pressure sensors" nema "transmitters" epamusoro mukuita kwe "benzene nitration" kwakakosha kuti pave nekushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka. Nzvimbo dzinokurudzirwa dzekuisa dzinosanganisira kumusoro nepasi pe "nitrate reactor", nzvimbo dzekusanganisa nitrate pakati pezvikamu, uye nzvimbo dziri pedyo ne "pressure tappings" dzinogona kuvharika. Kuisa panzvimbo idzi kunogonesa kutarisa kumanikidzwa panguva chaiyo, zvichipa yambiro yekutanga yekuchinja-chinja kwedzvinyiriro kunogona kukonzerwa nekusarongeka kwehuwandu hwekudya, kusvibiswa kwe "catalyst", kana kuvharika kwe "mixed acid lines".
Kuisa ma "pressure transmitters" nenzira ine hungwaru kunobatsira kuona nekukurumidza kuchinja kudiki kwakabatana nehunhu hwe "mixed acid oxidizing" uye "corrosive". Semuenzaniso, kuisa ma "sensors" ari pedyo ne "reactor inlet" kunoita kuti pave nekuzivikanwa nekukurumidza kwekuchinja kwe "feed pressure", zvichideredza njodzi yemamiriro ezvinhu asina kuchengetedzeka panguva yekugadzirwa kwe nitrobenzene. Saizvozvowo, kuisa michina yekutarisa pedyo nenzvimbo dzekusanganisa pakati pe "interstage" kunobvumira vashandi kuongorora kushanda kwe "gas-liquid-solid mixing", dambudziko guru mu "three-phase reactions". Iyi setup inotsigira mashandiro akachengeteka uye inowedzera kugadzirwa kwemakemikari akanaka kune mishonga yepakati.
Kubatanidza ma inline analyzers akadai se concentration metres, density metres—neLonnmeter—viscosity metres, level transmitters, uye tembiricha transmitters zvinogadzira holistic process monitoring system mu nitration reaction mechanism. Inline density uye viscosity metres zvinosimbisa kuti physical properties ye reaction medium inoenderana ne process targets, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kuvharwa kusina kurongwa kunokonzerwa nekutsauka mumamiriro ekugadzirwa kwe nitrobenzene.
Zvishandiso izvi zvakakwana zvinotsigirawo kushandiswa zviri nani kwe catalyst uye kuderedza marara. Kana musanganiswa wemasensa unoratidza kuverenga kusina kujairika—semuenzaniso, kumanikidzwa kwakaderera pamwe chete nekuwanda kusina kujairika—maitiro acho anogona kugadziriswa chigadzirwa chisati chagadzirwa kana mamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi asati aitika. Inline analyzers inobatsira kupindira nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa dhizaini ye nitrate reactor kuti ishande zvakanaka uye ive yakavimbika pakugadzira.
Kungwarira kwakanyanya kunodiwa pakuisa zvinhu pedyo nekuvharika kwesimba remagetsi. Kushandisa masensa ane tantalum diaphragm panzvimbo idzi kunopa dziviriro kubva kusimba uye oxidizing yeasidhi yakasanganiswa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kwenguva refu uye kuderedza nguva yekushanda kwayo. Kuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kuchengetedzwa kwematransmitter ekumanikidza, kunyanya ayo ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekugadzirisa makemikari, kwakakosha kuti mashandiro arambe achishanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwemushandisi.
Kushanda pamwe chete kwemidziyo yese yekuona kunoita kuti mapoka emiti arambe achishanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi dzekuchengetedza dzinosanganisirwa nekuchinja kwesimba kamwe kamwe, zvinovandudza kuenderana kwechigadzirwa, uye zvinotsigira kushandiswa kwe nitrobenzene kwakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari akanaka uye mishonga.
Kurwisa Zvipingamupinyi zveMaitiro uye Kuderedza Mari
Ma "inline pressure transmitters" akakosha mukuvandudza nitration ye benzene nekugonesa kutarisa kumanikidzwa panguva chaiyo mukati mekugadzirwa kwe nitrobenzene. Ma sensor aya anounganidza data rakarurama uye rinoramba riripo kubva ku nitrate reactor, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekutora sampuro nemaoko kakawanda. Kuderedza sampuro nemaoko kunoderedza mari yevashandi uye kunoderedza kusangana kwevashandi kunzvimbo ine mixed acid ine ngura yakawanda uye inokonzera oxidation, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka.
Nekushandisa data risingaperi, maitiro akaita se benzene nitration reaction anogona kuongororwa kuti aone mafambiro anoratidza kuora kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekusashanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvinotsigira kugadziriswa kwekufanotaura, kuderedza kudzimwa kwemidziyo isina kurongwa uye kuvharwa kunodhura kwekugadzirisa nekukurumidza. Nekushandisa ma profiles ekumanikidzwa, mapoka ekugadzirisa anogona kuronga kupindira zvichibva pauchapupu chaihwo, kwete nguva dzakaoma, kuwedzera nguva yekushanda kwemidziyo uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
Kugara uchitarisa nekushandisa ma "pressure sensors" epamusoro kunoita kuti system yekudzora ikwanise kugadzirisa acid ne energy inputs, zvichivandudza stoichiometry ye nitration reaction mechanism. Maitiro aya anobvumira reactor kuchengetedza mamiriro ekushanda akakodzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushandiswa kwesimba kunoderera, zvinhu zviri mu "acid" zvinochengetedzwa, uye huwandu hwe nitrobenzene - chinhu chakakosha chemakemikari chemishonga nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa - hunovandudzika. Izvi zvinoderedza mari yekugadzira mayuniti uye zvinowedzera kukwikwidzana kwezvirimwa.
Kushandiswa kwedata riri mukati kunosimbisawo dziviriro dzekuchengetedza. Kukwira kwekumanikidzwa—kunokonzerwa nematambudziko akadai sekuvharika kwezvigadzirwa zvakasimba kana kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwehuwandu hwekuita—kunoonekwa ipapo ipapo nematransmitter. Kubatana kwekuchengetedza otomatiki kunopindura nekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvakakanganiswa kana kugadzirisa mafeed, kudzivirira vashandi nezvinhu zvekugadzira. Kupindira uku nekukurumidza kwakakosha zvikuru tichifunga nezvehunhu hwe nitration process uye njodzi inokonzerwa nekubata maacid akasimba ne nitrate aromatics.
Kusarudza masensa kwakakosha pakuwedzera hupenyu hurefu uye kudzora mutengo munzvimbo ino yakaoma. Madiaphragm anogadzirwa kubva ku tantalum, sezvinowanzo shandiswa muma transmitter epamusoro, anodzivirira corrosive mixed acid inowanikwa mu reactor. Chinhu ichi chinoderedza frequency yekuchengetedza, chinodzivirira kuyerera kwe pressure, uye chinotsigira kuvimbika kwema system ese ari maviri ekuchengetedza uye ekudzora.
Kubatanidzwa kwekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinofanotaurwa, kugadzirisa zviwanikwa, uye kuchengetedzeka otomatiki zvinochengetedza mari yakawanda mukugadzirwa kwenitrobenzene. Kushandisa matekinoroji ekuona zvinhu zvakananga akadai sekushandisa maturusi ekutarisa kumanikidzwa panguva chaiyo uye kusarudza zvinhu zvakasimba kwakakosha mukukunda matambudziko ekuita zvinhu muzvikamu zvitatu uye kuwana kugadzirwa kwemakemikari ane hupfumi, akachengeteka, uye anogara kwenguva refu.
Matanho Akakosha Ekuchengetedza Ekutarisira Reactor
Kutarisa nguva chaiyo mukati me nitration ye benzene kwakakosha pakuchengetedza mamiriro e reactor akachengeteka uye akagadzikana. Masensa epamusoro-soro e inline—akadai se pressure transmitters ane tantalum diaphragms—anogara achitevera kukosha kwepressure mukati me nitrate reactor. Mhinduro iyi yakakosha panguva yemaitiro akaomarara e gas-liquid-solid three-phase, uko kumanikidzwa kunogona kuitika kamwe kamwe nekuda kwekuvharika, kushanduka kwegasi nekukurumidza, kana hunhu hwe aggressive oxidizing uye corrosive hwe mixed acids.
Masensa ekumanikidza ari mumutsara nemamita, kusanganisira ayo akagadzirwa neLonnmeter, anopa zviyero zvakasimba, zvisingakuvadzi ngura zvakakosha pakugadzira nitrobenzene, mishonga yemishonga, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinonzwa ngura. Ma diaphragm eTantalum anopa kuenderana kwakakodzera kwemakemikari munzvimbo dze nitric nesulfuric acid, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwesensa uye kuvimbika. Kutarisa kumanikidzwa kwenguva chaiyo mumakemikoro emakemikari kunobvumira vashandisi kuona kutsauka nekukasika, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha panguva yekubvisa mweya nekukurumidza kana nzira dzekudzikisa pressure kudzivirira njodzi.
Masaini ekumanikidza anobva kumasensa aya epamusoro anosangana zvakananga nemasisitimu ekudzora akapararira. Kubatana uku kusina musono kunovimbisa kupindura nekukurumidza kumamiriro asina kuchengetedzeka—chidziviriro chikuru kubva kuma mechanisms ekuita nitration reaction. Kana kumanikidzwa kukakwira kupfuura miganhu yakatarwa, sisitimu yekudzora inogona kukonzera otomatiki zviito zvekugadzirisa, zvakaita sekuparadzaniswa nekukurumidza, kuburitsa mweya, kana kudzikiswa kwepressurization zvishoma nezvishoma kwereactor. Kupindira uku kunobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwereactor, kuburitswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuona kuti kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza mukugadzirwa kwenitrobenzene.
Kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kwakakosha kuti sensor ive yakasimba. Semuenzaniso, ma "pressure transmitters" (akadai seRosemount 3051) anoda kugadziridzwa nguva nenguva kuti arambe akarurama pasi pemitoro yakasiyana-siyana. Kuva nechokwadi chekuti sensor inogadziriswa nekukurumidza kunounza kuvimbika kwakasimba, kuderedza kuwanda kwema "alarms" enhema uye kuvimbisa mhinduro chaiyo kana paine shanduko huru dzekumanikidza.
Kudzivirira kuvharika kwechinhu chimwe chakakosha - mita dze inline density uye mita dze viscosity kubva kuLonnmeter dzakagadzirirwa kutsungirira kusvibiswa uye kuchengetedza kuverenga kwakarurama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma e benzene nitration reactor. Kushanda kwemasensa kwakavimbika kunoita kuti data rinotumirwa kuma control system rirambe rakavimbika, zvichipa simba rekuita sarudzo dzakachengeteka uye kuderedza mukana wekuburitswa kwe nitrobenzene isingadzoreki.
Nekushandisa matekinoroji aya uye nzira dzakasimba, zvivakwa zvinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana ekuchengetedza anokonzerwa nekushanda kwe nitrate reactor inooxidation uye inoparadza. Nzira iyi inoita kuti nitrobenzene ibudirire uye itarisirwe zvakanaka muzvikamu zvekugadzirisa makemikari.
Sei Uchifanira Kusarudza MaLonnmeter Inline Pressure Transmitters?
MaLonnmeter inline pressure transmitters akagadzirwa kuti asvike pazvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemaitiro ekuita benzene nitration. Izvi zvinoitika munzvimbo dzine ngura yakawanda, uko system yeasidhi yakasanganiswa—kazhinji sulfuric ne nitric acids—inokonzera matambudziko akakomba pakugara kwenguva refu uye kururama kwesensor. MaLonnmeter transmitters anopa data rechokwadi, renguva chaiyo repressure rakakosha pakuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwereaction, kuchengetedzeka, uye goho rezvigadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwenitrobenzene.
Chimwe chinhu chikuru chekugadzira kwaLonnmeter ikushandisa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro. Kushandiswa kwetantalum diaphragm kunoita kuti irambe yakasimba mukuora kubva mumisanganiswa yeasidhi. Tantalum haina simba rakawanda kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi dzisina ngura, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kuora kwesensa uye kuyerera kwekuyera mumamiriro ezvinhu anokuvadza uye anoparadza aripo panguva yekudzikisa benzene ne nitration. Izvi zvinotsigira zvakananga nguva yekushanda kwe reactor uye kushanda kwakavimbika.
Ma sensor ekumanikidza mu nitrate reactors anofanira kurwisana ne dynamic uye dzimwe nguva isingafungidzike pressure profiles inokonzerwa nematambudziko e gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction. Ma transmitter eLonnmeter akagadzirwa kuti agone kusimba pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, achipa kuverenga kwakasimba kunyangwe kana pressure ikakwira nekukurumidza kana shanduko dzakaitika. Kusimba uku kwakakosha pakuchengetedza, kunyanya pakudzivirira kutiza kana kutadza kwemidziyo kunokonzerwa ne pressure excursions.
Kugadzirisa zvinhu zviri nyore ndeimwe nzira yakasiyana yeLonnmeter devices. Dhizaini iyi inoderedza mukana wekuvharika nezvinhu zvakasimba uye inobvumira kuchenesa kana kugadzirisa zvinhu zviri nyore—chinhu chakakosha pakuderedza nguva yekushanda kwenitrobenzene nguva dzose. Uyezve, zvinoenderana nemaitiro akajairwa ekugadzirisa zvirimwa, zvichiita kuti kubatana nemabasa akajairwa kuve nyore.
Kubatanidzwa zvisina musono nezvivakwa zvekudzora zvirimwa kunowedzera kushanda kweLonnmeter transmitters. Kuburitswa kwavo kwechiratidzo kunoumba musimboti wezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvekutarisa maitiro, zvichibvumira mhinduro yakananga muzvirongwa zvekudzora zvakagoverwa (DCS). Data repamusoro-soro uye rakavimbika rinotsigira dhizaini nekushanda kwenitrate reactor, zvichigonesa kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuita, kukurumidza kupindura kutsauka, uye kubereka kuri nani kwemakemikari akanaka anoshandiswa mumishonga.
Kugara uchitarisa kumanikidzwa panguva chaiyo uchishandisa maLonnmeter transmitters kunobatsira kudzivirira mamiriro ane njodzi akadai sekumanikidzwa zvakanyanya. Kana maitiro asina kujairika akaonekwa, matanho ekuchengetedza otomatiki anogona kukurumidza kugadzirisa huwandu hwekudya kana kuvhura masisitimu ekubatsira kuchengetedza vashandi nezvinhu. Aya maficha akakosha pakugadzirisa njodzi mumashandisirwo enitrobenzene uko kurasikirwa nekudzora kumanikidzwa kunogona kutyisidzira kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa uye kuchengetedzeka kwemiti.
Muchidimbu, zviwanikwa zveLonnmeter zvinobudirira mukuita kwekuita benzene nitration nekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasimba, zvisingakanganiswi nengura, kusimba kwekushanda, nyore kugadzirisa, uye kubatanidza data zvakanaka, zvichipa simba kugadzirwa kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kwenitrobenzene uye zvinhu zviri pasi.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
Kuyerwa kwepressure yemukati kunoita basa rei mukuita kuti benzene ive ne nitration?
Kuyera kumanikidzwa kwakakosha mukuita kuti benzene ive ne nitration, nzira inodziya zvakanyanya uye inonzwa kusagadzikana. Ruzivo rwunogara ruchienderera mberi kubva kuma inline pressure transmitters runotsigira kugadziriswa kwekudzora nekukurumidza, kudzikamisa mamiriro ekuita kuti pasave nekukwira kana kudonha kwedzvinyiriro kamwe kamwe. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekukanganiswa kwemaitiro, zviitiko zvekumanikidzwa zvakanyanya, uye kuburitswa kwengozi, zvichidzivirira zvese michina yemuchina nevashandi. Ma pressure transmitters akakosha pakuchengetedza ma parameter ekuita uye goho rakanaka mukati mekugadzirwa kwe nitrobenzene.
Ko ma "tantalum diaphragm pressure transmitters" anogona here kutsungirira simba rakasimba re "oxidizing" uye "corrosive" re "mixed acid"?
Ma diaphragm eTantalum akasarudzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudzivirira kwawo zvakanyanya kunzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinooxidating, senge musanganiswa we nitric-sulfuric acid unoshandiswa mu benzene nitration. Aya ma diaphragm anoita kuti ma pressure transmitters ashande zvakanaka pasina kukanganisa kana kubvisa tsvina mukuita. Kunyangwe kana akabatwa kwenguva refu, anochengetedza sensor integrity uye anopa kuverenga kwakarurama, izvo zvakakosha kuti reactor ishande kwenguva refu yakachengeteka mukugadzira nitrobenzene.
Matambudziko egasi-liquid-solid three-phase reaction anokanganisa sei kuyerwa kwekumanikidzwa muma nitrate reactors?
Kuitika kwezvikamu zvitatu zvegasi-mvura-yakasimba kunowanzoitika mukuita kwe nitration uye kunounza matambudziko akasiyana. Mabubble egasi kana zvimedu zvakasimba zvinogona kuvharira nzvimbo dzekudzvanya pressure uye mitsetse ye impulse, zvichikonzera kuverenga kusina kuvimbika kana kwenhema uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwe transmitter. Kuvhara kunogona kukonzera nguva yekupindura inononoka uye kugadzira njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Ma inline pressure transmitters matsva anosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita se diaphragms dzinozvichenesa kana ma clog detection alarm, izvo zvinobatsira kuona kururama uye kuvimbika kwe pressure data, kunyangwe paine kuchinja kwechikamu kakawanda uye njodzi dzekusvibisa mukugadzira nitrate reactor.
Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa pressure transmitter Rosemount 3051 muma nitration reactors?
Iyo Rosemount 3051, kunyanya kana yakashongedzerwa netantalum diaphragm, yakagadzirwa kuti igadziriswe nguva nenguva uye ive nyore kuiongorora. Kuongororwa kwakarongwa uye kuongororwa nguva nenguva kunobatsira kuchengetedza kururama. Kuchenesa mitsetse yekufema nekudzivirira uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvekusvibiswa kana kuvharika munzvimbo yediaphragm zvinokurudzirwa. Kuchengetedza nguva dzose kunochengetedza kuvimbika kwekuyera, kunoona nekukurumidza kutenderera kwesensa, uye kuderedza nguva yekusashanda isina kurongwa mukugadzirwa kwenitrobenzene.
Sei kutarisa kumanikidzwa panguva chaiyo kuchidikanwa kuti pave nekuchengetedzeka mu benzene nitration?
Kutarisa kumanikidzwa panguva chaiyo kwakakosha kuti paonekwe nekukurumidza kana kuti kusingawanzoitiki kwekuchinja kwedzvinyiriro mukuita kwe benzene nitration. Kugona kwakadaro kunogonesa vashandisi kupindira mamiriro ezvinhu asati asvika panjodzi dzakadai sekumanikidzwa zvakanyanya kwe reactor kana kurasikirwa ne containment. Izvi zvakakosha pakugadzira mishonga yemishonga nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa nenzira yakavimbika. Kutarisa kwenguva chaiyo, pamwe chete nema sensors akasimba uye masisitimu e alarm epamusoro, kwakakosha pakuchengetedza mwero wekuchengetedza mumakemikari emazuva ano.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-16-2026
