Nhanganyaya yekuyerwa kweMass Flow muLNG Refueling
Kubata Gasi Rechisikigo Rakanyungudutswa (LNG) munzvimbo dzekudira mafuta kunosanganisira kushanda patembiricha iri pasi pe -160 °C. Kusagadzikana kwekubata mafuta e cryogenic kunounza matambudziko akasiyana ekuyera kwehukuru hwemvura. Kuyera huremu hweLNG inotapurirwa kwakakosha nekuti huwandu hweLNG hunochinja-chinja zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwetembiricha nekumanikidzwa, zvichiita kuti zviyero zvinoenderana nehukuru zvisavimbike mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.
Kuchengetedza kururama uye kuvimbika muhunyanzvi hwekuwedzera LNG kwakakosha, kunyanya kune masisitimu ekuyera kuchengetwa kwemunhu. Kunyangwe kusarongeka kudiki kwekuyerwa kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nemari, kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka, kana kutyora zvinodiwa nemutemo. Mukuyerwa kuchengetwa kwemunhu, kukoshesa kuri kuchinja kuenda kumidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwekuyerera kwemvura - kunyanya iyo coriolis mass flowmeter nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuyera zvakananga huwandu hwemvura inoyerera isina kuchinja kana mamiriro ekupisa.
Kuzadza LNG nemafuta
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Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakawanda zvemuviri uye zvekushanda zvinoomesa kuyera kwakarurama munzvimbo idzi. Zvinhu, zvakaita sesimbi isingatsvedzeri inoshandiswa mu coriolis mass flowmeters, zvinodzikira pakupisa kwe cryogenic. Kuchinja uku kwehukuru kunokanganisa hunhu hwemakanika senge modulus yaYoung uye kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvako, sezvo calibration ye sensor patembiricha yemukamuri isingachashandi. Kana ikasagadziriswa, inounza kusava nechokwadi kukuru mukuverenga kwekuyerera, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso panguva yekuyerwa kwe LNG custody transfer flow. Maitiro ekugadzirisa akakosha anokonzera kudzikira kwekupisa uye shifting mechanical properties saka anodiwa kuti kuverenga kwakavimbika mu cryogenic refueling systems.
Migumisiro yezvakatipoteredza, yakadai sekupinda zvishoma mukupisa kana kuchinja kwekumanikidzwa, inowedzera kuoma kuyerwa kwehuwandu hweLNG. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuchinja kwehuwandu hweLNG nekukurumidza kana kuchinja kwechikamu—apo LNG inopenya kuita mafungu maviri (mvura negasi). Chiitiko ichi chinokanganisa kunyatsojeka kwemidziyo yekuverenga huwandu hwehuwandu, zvisinei nemhando ye sensor. Kuumbwa kwegasi rinopisa uye cavitation zvinoitika kakawanda, zvichida kuti nzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta dzishandise michina yekuyera huwandu hwehuwandu inogona kutsiva mamiriro enguva pfupi ezvikamu zviviri uye huwandu hwehuwandu.
Michina yekuyerera kweCoriolis mass, kana yakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye yakagadziriswa kuti ishandiswe seye cryogenic, inogona kupa kusaziva kwakawedzera kusvika pa0.5%, yakakodzera kutamiswa kwekuchengetedzwa uye kuongororwa kwekushanda. Kubhadharwa kwakasimba kwekuchinja kunoenderana nekupisa muzvinhu zve sensor, zero-point drift, uye kushushikana kwekudzokorora cryogenic cycling zvakakosha pakuchengetedza chivimbo mukuyera kweLNG. Kune masisitimu ekuyerera kwecoriolis mass akarurama, kuyera kwakananga pakupisa kwe cryogenic kwakakosha kuderedza mhedzisiro yekukanganisa uye kuvimbisa mhedzisiro inoteverwa, inoenderana neSI.
Sezvo musika wepasi rose weLNG semafuta ekufambisa uri kuwedzera, nzvimbo dzakarurama dzekuisa mafuta eLNG dzinoenderana zvakanyanya nekuyera kwakasimba, kwakabatana, uye kunoteverwa. Kuyera kwakavimbika kwekufambiswa kwemafuta ekuchengetedza kunodzivirira vatengi nevatengesi uku kuchideredza njodzi dzekushanda uye kuchitsigira shanduko kuenda kukutengeserana kwakavakirwa pahuwandu munzvimbo dzine cryogenic. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuona kuti kuyerwa kwemafuta eLNG kunoramba kwakarurama, kwakajeka, uye kwakasimba pakati pesimba rakaoma retekinoroji yekuisa mafuta yeLNG.
Kuzadza LNG uye Kushandiswa kweCryogenic
Kuisa mafuta muLNG kunosanganisira kubata gasi rechisikigo rakanyungudutswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, kazhinji kubva pa -160 °C kusvika -70 °C. Mamiriro aya anoda kudzora maitiro epamusoro, michina yakasimba, uye matekinoroji matsva ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka pamwe nekuchengetedzeka kwevashandi nezvinhu.
Masisitimu ekuwedzera mafuta eCryogenic anoshandisa mapombi ane madziro maviri akaputirwa, mapaipi ane vacuum-jacketed, uye ma coupling anoputika. Izvi zvinoderedza kupinda kwekupisa uye kudururwa kwemvura netsaona panguva yekufambisa LNG, zvichidzivirira njodzi dzakadai sekupwanya kwemhepo nekukurumidza kana kutsva kwecryogenic. Ma nozzles ekubatanidza nekukurumidza ane makiyi ekuchengetedza anoderedzawo njodzi yekuburitswa kwemafuta zvisina kurongeka panzvimbo dzekubatanidza.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kwakakosha munzvimbo idzi. Ma alloys emhando yepamusoro e cryogenic, akagadzirirwa kudzivirira kupwanyika, anopa simba remakanika uye kugara kwenguva refu pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekupisa. Zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvinowanikwawo mune zvimwe zvikamu zvesystem nekuda kwekudzikira kwekupisa uye kuramba kudzikira kana kutsemuka patembiricha yakaderera. Kuvandudzika kuripo mukudzivirira kupisa, senge mafoam ane layer yakawanda, kunoderedza LNG boil-off uye kutsigira kuchengetedza hunhu hwemafuta panzvimbo.
Kutarisa nekudzora kuchengetedzeka kwakakosha kune zviteshi zvemazuva ano zvekuisa mafuta muLNG. Magadzirirwo akazara emasensa ekupisa nekumanikidza, pamwe chete nemasensa emethane, anopa data nenyevero panguva chaiyo. Maitiro ekudzima ekukurumidza otomatiki - kazhinji ane zvese zvinokonzeresa manual uye kure - anogonesa kupatsanurwa nekukurumidza kwezvikamu zvakakosha panguva yezviitiko. Kutumirwa kwedata pasina waya kunobatsira kugadzirisa zvinofanotaurwa, zvichibatsira vashandisi kugadzirisa matambudziko vasati vawedzera.
Mukati mekushanda kweLNG, masisitimu ekuyera kuchengetwa kwemunhu anochengeta munhu anonyanya kuda kuyera kuyerera kwemunhu uye huwandu hwemunhu pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara. MaCoriolis mass flowmeters akanyatsojeka, anopihwa nevagadziri vane hunyanzvi vakaita seLonnmeter, anoshandiswa kupa chiyero chakakodzera chekuyera kutumirwa kwemunhu anochengeta munhu anochengeta munhu. Midziyo iyi inoyera zvakananga kuyerera kwemunhu uye huwandu hwemunhu, isingakanganiswi nekuchinja kwehuwandu hwegasi kana tembiricha, zvichipa mhedzisiro yakavimbika kunyangwe panguva yekuchinja kwekufamba kwemunhu kana mamiriro ekumanikidzwa. Tekinoroji ye ultrasonic flowmeter inoshandiswawo mune mamwe mashandisirwo, inokosheswa nekuda kwekuisa kwayo kusingapindi uye kutarisa kuyerera kwemunhu panguva chaiyo, kunyangwe ichionekwa seisina kusimba mumamiriro ekukurumidza, ekutamisa munhu anochengeta munhu anochengeta munhu.
Tembiricha yakaderera zvikuru kubva pa −160 °C kusvika −70 °C inokonzera matambudziko akasiyana. Midziyo isina kugadzirwa kuti ishande zvakanaka patembiricha iyi inogona kukanganisa mashandiro emuchina kuburikidza nekupwanyika kana kuputsika. Mukuchengetedza, kudzivirira kupisa kunoshanda uye kugara uchidzora tembiricha zvakakosha kudzivirira kufashaira kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa. Zvipingamupinyi izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kusarudzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yekuyera kuyerera kwemvura, pamwe nekusimba kwematangi ekuchengetera netambo dzekufambisa.
Kuedza kushandisa simba rinotonhora rinoita kuti magetsi adzike (cryogenic cold energy) kunowedzera kuvandudza mashandiro eLNG. Masisitimu ekudzoreredza chando anoshandisa tembiricha yakaderera yeLNG pakutonhodza panzvimbo, magasi ekudyisa asati atonhodza, kana mamwe mashandisirwo ekuwedzera, nokudaro zvichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba rose. Kubatanidzwa uku kwekuchengetedza simba rinotonhora kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwekupisa panguva yekushanda kwekutamisa uye kunogona kushandura kuderedzwa kwemari yekushanda uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuchengetedzeka uye kutonga njodzi kunopinda muchikamu chega chega chekuwedzerwa kwemafuta eLNG uye kubata. Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro, kuongororwa kwenjodzi, uye kudzidziswa kwakanyanya kwevashandisi kunoramba kuri kwakakosha. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza mabhenefiti ekushandisa otomatiki uye kuteverwa kwemidziyo kuderedza zvikanganiso—sekushandisa mahosi ane RFID-tagged kuona kuti michina yakasimbiswa chete ndiyo inoshanda. Kutarisa kuneta, uchishandisa data re sensor real-time, kumwe kudzivirira kubva pakukundikana kwezvikamu uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kubuda.
Pakupedzisira, kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwe cryogenic, kutarisa kwakasimba, michina yepamusoro yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro anoita kuti mashandiro ekuwedzera mafuta eLNG ashande zvakanaka uye akachengeteka, kunyangwe mukati mekupisa kunoda −160 °C kusvika −70 °C.
Nheyo dzeKuyera Kuyerera KweMisa
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemafuta kunopa chiyero chakakosha chekubata nekufambiswa kweLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) nedzimwe mvura dzinoyerera mumhepo muzvikamu uko kururama kwekutengeserana uye kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda kwakakosha. Munzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta mumhepo nekushandisa mafuta anoyerera mumhepo, kuziva huwandu chaihwo hwezvinhu—nehuremu kwete huwandu—kwakakosha nekuti huwandu hwemafuta eLNG hunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya kana tembiricha iri shoma kana shanduko dzemusanganiswa.
Kusiyana nechiyero chekuyerera kwemvura, icho chinoyera nzvimbo inotorwa nemvura panguva imwe chete, chiyero chekuyerera kwemvura chinoyera huwandu chaihwo hwezvinhu zvinopfuura nemusisitimu. Musiyano uyu unokosha mumasisitimu ekuwedzera mafuta emagetsi: sezvo tembiricha nekuchinja kwechimiro, kuverenga kwemvura kunogona kusaratidza huwandu chaihwo hwezvinhu zvinotumirwa nekuda kwekumanikidzwa uye kuwedzera kwekupisa kweLNG. Zvikanganiso zvakadaro zvinowedzerwa mukushandiswa kwekuchengetedza kwakakosha, uko kusawirirana kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwemari.
Kushandiswa kweCoriolis mass flowmeters, kunyanya michina yekuyera mass flow ine hunyoro hwakanyanya uye yepamusoro, kunokonzerwa nematambudziko aya. Coriolis metres inoona zvakananga mass achipfuura nemachubhu ekuyerera anotenderera, maitiro asinganyanyi kuchinja muhuwandu hwemvura, chimiro, kana chikamu, chero bedzi mudziyo wacho wakabhadharwa zvakanaka nekuda kwemigumisiro yekupisa. Kusazviparadzanisa kwavo kubva mukusiyana kwevhorumu kunoita kuti ive chiyero cheLNG custody transfer metering, uko kuvimbika uye kutevedza zvinodiwa.
Zvisinei, hunhu hweLNG hunonetsa pakuyera nemazvo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti tembiricha dzinowanikwa panguva yekutamiswa kweLNG dzinochinja hunhu hwezvinhu zvinoyera mvura—zvakadai seYoung's modulus (kuoma) kwemachubhu esimbi isina tsvina—zvichikanganisa kuyera kwemita uye kugadzikana kwe zero-point. Pasina kugadziriswa kwenguva chaiyo, kunyangwe michina yepamusoro yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inogona kusangana nezvikanganiso zvakarongwa. Semuenzaniso, kudzikira kwehuremu hwechubhu nekudzikira kwekushisa kunochinja mhinduro yehuwandu hwemvura, zvichiunza kusarurana kunowanzo regeredzwa asi kunogona kuve kwakakosha mukuverenga kwehuwandu hwemvura.
Zvidzidzo zvekuyedza uye mashandisirwo azvo zvinosimbisa kuti shanduko dzezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nekupisa ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa mumamiriro ezvinhu e cryogenic, zvichiteverwa nemhedzisiro yekumanikidzwa uye kudzikira kwekupisa. Maitiro ekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu e cryogenic, kuenderera mberi kwekutevera kune zviyero zvereferensi, uye kugadziriswa kwenguva chaiyo uchishandisa data retembiricha zvave zvakakosha kuderedza kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera kusvika pasi pe0.50% - chiyero chinotarisirwa kuyerwa kwe LNG.
Kugadzira mifananidzo yemuviri kwafambira mberi zvakanyanya. Tsvagiridzo yazvino inoratidza kuti mamodheru ekuverenga masvomhu emafambiro eflowmeter, zvichiratidza kuti zvikanganiso zviri pasi pe±0.08% pamazinga ekupisa akakodzera ecryogenic kana zvasimbiswa nedata rinoteverwa, chero bedzi ma coefficients ekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo eLNG ashandiswa. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru mumasisitimu ekuwedzera mafuta ecryogenic uye tekinoroji yekuwedzera mafuta eLNG, uko kuyera kusimba kwekufamba mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma hakugone kutaurirana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Lonnmeter—ichitarisa pakuyera density uye viscosity—inotarisa zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa zvakakwana uye kutarisa.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera kwakasiyanawo nehunyanzvi hwehuwandu hwemvura kana mvura dzakagadzirwa dzichiratidza kuumbwa kwakasiyana-siyana kana kuti density. Ma flowmeter ehuwandu hwemvura, kusanganisira ma ultrasonic flowmeters epamusoro anoshandiswa muLNG, anopa kuverenga kwakanyatsojeka kwenzvimbo inofambiswa nemvura. Zvisinei, kuti uwane huwandu chaihwo hwemvura inotamiswa mukuchengetedza, zviyero zvehuwandu hwemvura zvinofanirwa kuwanzwa ne real-time density values. Izvi zvinounza imwe layer yekusava nechokwadi, kunyanya kana tembiricha kana composition ichichinja nekukurumidza, sezvinowanzoitika mu cryogenic fuel handling operations. Kusiyana neizvi, ma flowmeters ehuwandu hwemvura yeCoriolis anopa kuyera kwakananga, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kuvimba ne assistant calculations uye mhedzisiro yavo yekukanganisa.
Sarudzo pakati pehunyanzvi hwekuyerera kwehuwandu nehukuru saka inokanganisa kwete kungorurama kwekuyera chete asiwo kusimba kwekushanda uye kutevedzera mitemo inodzora kuyera kwekuchengetedzwa kweLNG. Nheyo dzakasimba dzemuviri dziri shure kwemidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwekuyerera kwehuwandu, kuderera kwekugona kwayo kukanganiswa nekuwanda uye kushanduka kwekupisa, uye kukodzera kwayo kupihwa chitupa chekuchengetedzwa kwehuwandu zvakananga zvinotsigira kutonga kwayo mukushandiswa kweLNG ne cryogenic. Kushanda uku kunokosheswa zvikuru nevashandisi nemainjiniya vari kutsvaga kuderedza kukanganisa kwekuyerera kwehuwandu munzvimbo dzine simba uye dzakadzorwa, dzakadai senzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta dzeLNG uye mabasa ekufambisa makuru.
Kuyera Kutamiswa Kwekuchengetedzwa Kwevana: Matambudziko Nezvinodiwa
Kuendeswa kweLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) kunoda mwero wepamusoro-soro mu metrology nekuda kwezvinokanganisa zvikuru zvemari nemutemo zvinosanganisira kunyange zvikanganiso zvidiki zvekuyera. Masisitimu ekuyera anofanira kupa kururama kusingachinji, kuvimbika, uye kurongeka, zvichiumba musimboti wezvibvumirano zvekutengesa nekutenga zveLNG.
Zvinodiwa Zvakasiyana zveKuyera zveLNG Transactions
Masisitimu ekuyera kutamiswa kweLNG anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba yemetrology, kunyanya iyo yakatsanangurwa muOIML R140 uye, muEuropean Union, Measuring Instruments Directive 2014/32/EU. Mitemo iyi inotaura kuti masisitimu ekuyera kutamiswa kwekuchengetedzwa ...
Kururama hakusi mutemo wekutonga chete asi chinhu chakakosha chekutengeserana. Mukutengeserana kunosanganisira 100,000 m³ LNG kutakura zvinhu, kukanganisa kwe0.1% pakuyera kufambiswa kwemari yekuchengetwa kunogona kuchinja mamiriyoni emadhora pakati pevadyidzani vekutengeserana. Nokudaro, zvibvumirano zvekufambiswa kwemari yekuchengetwa zvinoda zvitupa zvekugadzirisa, kusimbiswa kwebato rechitatu, uye kuongororwa kwekushanda nguva dzose kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti system yakachengeteka.
Mhedzisiro yeCryogenic Conditions paKuyera, Kugadzirisa, uye Kutevedzera Mutemo
Tembiricha yeLNG inowanzo tenderera pa -162°C, zvichikonzera matambudziko akasiyana ekuyera kuyerera kwehuwandu, kuyera, uye kutevedzera masisitimu. Kuwanda kwehuwandu uye kusimba kwemuviri patembiricha idzi kunogona kuwedzera zvikanganiso kana zvikasadzorwa zvakanyanya uye kutariswa.
Midziyo miviri mikuru yekuyera kuyerera kwehuwandu inonyanya kushandiswa mukutamiswa kweLNG: Coriolis mass flowmeters dzakarurama kwazvo uye ultrasonic flowmeters dzepamusoro. Coriolis metres dzakajairika pakuyera kwayo zvakananga huremu, kusadzivirirwa kukushanduka kwemhando yemvura, uye kugona kusangana nezvinodiwa zveOIML Class 0.3. Zvisinei, kushanda kwakarurama mumamiriro ezvinhu ecryogenic kunoda kuvakwa kwe sensor uye insulation yakasarudzika, pamwe nekubhadharwa kwekupisa panguva chaiyo.
Kuenzanisa tembiricha inotonhora yakaoma. Maitiro akajairwa anosanganisira kuyedzwa kwekutarisa uchishandisa master metres kana matangi eprover ane certified, zvakanaka kana paine mamiriro ekuyerera, kumanikidzwa, uye tembiricha akanyatsojekeswa. OIML R140 inorayira kuti pave nekuongorora kwekutanga pakukomisa uye kuongororazve nguva nenguva (kazhinji pagore), dzimwe nguva zvichionekwa nevaongorori vebato rechitatu kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderera mberi zvichitevedzwa. Chiitiko chega chega chekuyera chinofanira kuburitsa magwaro anobatanidza kune mwero unozivikanwa, zvichisimbisa ketani yekutevedza.
Maskidhi eMetering Akabatanidzwa eKutamisirwa Kwekuchengetedzwa Kwevanhu Vakavimbika
Kuti zvirambe zvakavimbika pakushanda uye zvichidzivirirwa pamutemo, masisitimu ekuyera kutamiswa kwemwana akagadzirwa sema "metering skids" akabatanidzwa. Skid yega yega inobatanidza zvinhu zvakakosha pakutamiswa kwemwana:
- Midziyo yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera mumutsara, yakadai seCoriolis kana kuti ultrasonic flowmeters, inoshanda sechinhu chikuru chekuyera.
- Mita dzemusanganiswa wemvura dziri mukati uye mita dzemusanganiswa wemvura, sezvakagoverwa neLonnmeter, zvinopa ruzivo rwezvinhu zvemvura panguva chaiyo rwakakosha pakuverenga kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwemvura. Zvishandiso izvi zvinofanirwa kuchengetedza chiyero chemvura mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara, sezvo kunyangwe zvikanganiso zvidiki zvehuwandu hwemvura zvichizoshandura kutsauka kwehuwandu hwemvura.
- Masisitimu ekutora sampuro otomatiki anoburitsa sampuro dzechigadzirwa kuti dziongororwe kuumbwa kwacho, chinodiwa pakuona mhando uye kukosha kwekalori.
- Mamodule ekuongorora uye ekuzvisimbisa anogara achitarisa hutano nekushanda kwemidziyo yese yekuyera, achizivisa vanoishandisa kana sensor drift, tsvina, kana kusagadzikana kwekunze kusati kwatanga.
- Zvikamu zvese zvakabatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekudzora nekunyora data. Kunyange zvazvo Lonnmeter ichinyanya kutarisa pa inline density uye viscosity metres, zvinhu izvi zvinoshanda zvakanaka nehurongwa hwekudzora hunodiwa pakuongorora maodhi uye mishumo yemitemo.
Sisitimu yese inowanzo ongororwa kuti ibvumirwe, pabasa uye panzvimbo yacho, kuti ionekwe kuti inoshanda sei mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara. Dhizaini yekutsvedza kwesimbi inofanira kubatsira pakugadziriswa kwese kwese, nehurongwa hwekuti mudziyo upfuure kana nzira dzisina kushandiswa dzirambe dzichienderera mberi kana mudziyo ukabviswa paindaneti.
Muenzaniso: Kutamisirwa Kwekuchengetedzwa Kwevanhu paBunkering neTerminals
Pachiteshi chekuisa mafuta cheLNG, kana panguva yekutamiswa kweLNG kubva mungarava kuenda mungarava, kuyerwa kwekufambiswa kwemvura kunoenderana nechikamu chekuyera chine Coriolis mass flowmeter, Lonnmeter inline density uye viscosity metres, uye nzvimbo yekuongorora yakasimbiswa. Sisitimu iyi inotanga yaongororwa neOIML R140, kuongororwa nguva nenguva, uye kuongororwa nguva dzose, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hweLNG hunotamiswa hwakanyorwa nemazvo kunyangwe munzvimbo dzinoda cryogenic. Chiitiko chega chega chekutamiswa kwemvura chakanyorwa zvizere kuti chiongororwe nemutemo uye zvemari, zvichienderana nemirairo yechibvumirano.
Chikamu chimwe nechimwe—flowmeter, density (Lonnmeter), tembiricha, uye calibration—zvinobatsira mukusaziva zvachose. Sisitimu iyi inofanira kugadzirwa nenzira yekuti kusaziva kwakabatana hakupfuure 0.3% contract or regulatory threshold.
Saka, kuyerwa kwemuchina wekuchengetedza vanhu muchikamu cheLNG kunoenderana nehurongwa hwakabatana, hwakasimbiswa, uye hunoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo, hwakagadzirirwa kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakabatana kwekushanda kwe cryogenic, metrology yepamutemo, uye mhedzisiro yekutengeserana.
Zvishandiso Zvinoyera Kuyerera Kwemasese eLNG: Matekinoroji uye Kuenzanisa
Miyero yeCoriolis Mass Flowmeters
Ma "flowmeters" eCoriolis mass anoshanda nekuyera Coriolis effect mukati me "vibrating tube" inotakura LNG. Sezvo LNG ichiyerera nemuma "sensor tubes" e "meter", kufamba kwemvura kunokonzera kuchinja kwechikamu kunoyerwa mu "vibration" ye "tube". Kuchinja uku, kwakanangana ne "mass flow rate", kunoonekwa nema "sensors" uye kunoshandurwa kuita data re "high-precision mass flow", density, uye tembiricha. Dhizaini ye tekinoroji iyi—isina zvipingamupinyi zvekuyerera kwemvura kana zvikamu zvinofamba zvinosangana ne "cryogenic liquid"—inoita kuti ive yakasimba zvikuru kune LNG applications.
Kugona kugadziriswa kwebasa re cryogenic ne LNG kunogoneswa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sesimbi isingatsvedzi uye alloys dzakagadzikana nekupisa. Zvinhu izvi zvinochengetedza chimiro chakasimba pakupisa kwakaderera zvakanyanya (kazhinji pasi pe -160°C), zvichiita kuti zvive zvakarurama nguva dzose kunyangwe panguva yekupisa kunokurumidza kutenderera kunowanikwa muzviteshi zvekuisa mafuta zveLNG uye masisitimu ekuisa mafuta e cryogenic. Kufambira mberi kwezvinhu uye kugadziriswa kwedhijitari kwakabatsira Coriolis mass flowmeters kuti ipe kuverenga kwakavimbika nekururama kwe ±0.1% kusvika ±0.25% yekuverenga, uye kururama kwehuwandu kazhinji mukati me ±0.2 kg/m³—mazinga ekushanda akakosha pakufambiswa kwekuchengetedzwa, manejimendi yezvinhu, uye kutevedzera mitemo mumabasa eLNG.
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira cheCoriolis mass flowmeter yemvura muLNG ndechekuti inongogona kudzokororwa zvakanyanya kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakaoma dze cryogenic. Kusiyana nema differential pressure meters kana mechanical turbines, Coriolis metres haikanganisike nekumanikidzwa kweprocess kana shanduko muLNG density, zvichibvumira kuyerwa zvakananga kwekuyerera kwehuwandu. Izvi zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kwakarongeka uye zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvisina tsarukano zvinowanzoonekwa nedzimwe tekinoroji dzekuyera. Sezvo ma flowmeter aya asingade zvikamu zvinofamba zvakasangana neLNG inoyerera, kudiwa kwekugadzirisa kunoderera, uye kuvimbika mukubata kwe cryogenic fuel kwenguva refu kunowedzerwa.
Kuvandudzwa kwazvino mumaalgorithms ekuongorora kunotsigira kudzora maitiro panguva chaiyo uye maitiro ekuongorora otomatiki. Kuongororwa uku kunobvumira vashandisi kutarisa hutano hwe sensor, kusimbisa mamiriro e meter zero pasina kumisa maitiro, uye kuona shanduko dzinokonzereswa nekudengenyeka kana zvipingamupinyi zvishoma. Kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kunobatsira vashandisi kutevedzera mitemo ye metrology inodiwa nemitemo ye LNG yekuchengetedza, ichipa zvinyorwa zvedhijitari zvekutevedza uye kutevedzera.
Kusarudza mutengesi kana mugadziri ane hunyanzvi hweCoriolis mass flowmeters, akadai seLonnmeter, zvinopesvedzera zvakananga kusimba kwesystem yekuyera uye kuvimbika kwekushanda. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kupa mamita akaongororwa pakupisa kwe cryogenic, kupa maturusi ekusimbisa munda, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemaitiro epamusoro. Mamita asina kunyatsotsanangurwa kana asina kutsigirwa zvakakwana anogona kukonzera kukanganisa, kunyanya kana paine kushushikana kwekuisa kana mamiriro ezvikamu zviviri—mamiriro ezvinhu ayo maitiro ekugadzira epamberi anogona kuderedza kuburikidza nekugadzira machubhu ari nani uye kugona kwekutonga. Basa remutengesi akabvumidzwa rinowedzerawo kune rutsigiro mushure mekuiswa, kusanganisira calibration, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye magwaro ekutevera aripo.
Mafambiro eUltrasonic
Ma ultrasonic flowmeters anoshanda nekutumira nekugamuchira ma ultrasonic pulses munzira yekuyerera kweLNG mukati mechikamu chekuyera chakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Musiyano wenguva pakati pema pulses anofamba achikwira nekudzika unoshandiswa kuverenga mwero wekuyerera. Iyi nzira isingapindi, ine ma transducers ari kunze kwenzira yekuyerera kweLNG, yakakodzera nzvimbo dzine cryogenic uko kusangana nemvura inotonhora kunogona kukanganisa masensa echinyakare.
Mukushandiswa kweLNG, tekinoroji yekuyera kuyerera kwe ultrasonic inobudirira zvikuru pakufambisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nekuchengetwa kwemvura, sezvinowanzoonekwa mukutakura zvinhu mungarava kana mumarori paLNG terminals. Mamita aya akagadzirirwa mapaipi ane dhayamita hombe, uko kuyerera kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwekumanikidzwa kwakaderera kwakakosha, uye uko kudiwa kwekugadzirisa kushoma kunoratidzwa nekuda kwehunhu hwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzeLNG dziri kure kana kuti dzine njodzi. Mamita e ultrasonic anozadzisa zvinodiwa zve metrology zvekufambisa zvinhu, chero bedzi akaiswa nematanho anodiwa akatwasuka uye akagadziriswa kuti akwanise kutaridzika zvakanaka neLNG.
Chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa che ultrasonic flowmeters ndechekuti hadzina simba rakawanda pakugadzirisa kumanikidzwa uye kusavapo kwezvikamu zvinofamba, zvichiita kuti dzisaparare kana kusvibiswa. Kugara kwenguva refu uku kunoita kuti pave nenguva yakareba yekushanda, nguva shoma yekutarisira, uye njodzi shoma yekushanda kwenguva pfupi. Mabasa ekuongorora e ultrasonic flowmeters anoona kukanganisa kweprofile, kupinda kwemhepo/gasi, kana kusvibiswa kwe transducer—zvinhu zvakakosha pakuyera kufambiswa kwe LNG uko kunodiwa kuti meter ishande zvakanaka.
Nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira ma "ultrasonic meters" dzinosanganisira mitsetse yekufambisa yeLNG ine simba rakawanda uye mamiriro ezvinhu apo dhayamita dzemapaipi dzinopfuura huwandu hunoshanda hwetekinoroji yeCoriolis iripo. Semuenzaniso, maoko ekutakura eLNG pazviteshi zvekupinza/kutumira anoshandisa ma "ultrasonic meters" emapaipi ane dhayamita dzinopfuura masendimita gumi nemaviri, sezvo aya mamita achigona kuchengetedza zvinodiwa pakunyatsojeka pasina kuunza kurasikirwa kukuru kwekumanikidzwa.
Muchidimbu, zvese Coriolis nemidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera ne ultrasonic inoita basa rakakosha mumazuva ano eLNG custody transfer metering systems. Coriolis metres inotungamira mukushandiswa kwehuwandu hwemvura nenzira yakarurama uye yakananga uye inopa kutevedza kwekuyera kwakakosha pakutengeserana kwekutengeserana, nepo ultrasonic flowmeters ichipa mhinduro dzakasimba, dzakakura uko kugadzirisa kushoma uye kushanda kwepamusoro ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosheswa. Kusarudzwa kwemuchina kwakakodzera kunoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, mamiriro ekushanda, uye zvinodiwa zvekutevedzera kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera nepamusoro muzvivakwa zveLNG.
Kutarisira Gasi Rinodzikira Munzvimbo Dzekudira Mafuta dzeLNG
Kutarisira gasi rinobikira (BOG) nemazvo idambudziko guru kune nzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta dzeLNG. BOG inoumbwa panguva yekuchengetera nekutamiswa semugumisiro wekupisa, zvichikonzera kupwa kwezvikamu zvakaita semethane ne ethane. Kutarisira gasi iri kwakakosha kubva pamaonero ehupfumi nenharaunda.
Dambudziko rehupfumi pazviteshi zvekudira mafuta zveLNG rinobva pakudiwa kwekuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvinhu uye kudzivirira mari yekushandisa isina kufanira. Kana BOG ikaburitswa kana kupiswa, gasi rechisikigo rinokosha rinorasika, zvichideredza zvakananga purofiti yezuva nezuva pazviteshi. Kuedzesera kwechangobva kuitwa kwekudzoserwa kwemafuta eBOG nekushandiswa kwayo kwakaratidza mukana wekuwana mari yegore negore inodarika $138 miriyoni nepurofiti inosvika 97%, zvichiratidza kukura kwemukana wemari wekushanda kwepamusoro-soro. Kunyangwe pazviteshi zvidiki, kudzoserwa kwemafuta eBOG kunogona kupa mari inoenderera mberi; imwe ongororo yakaratidza mari inowanikwa pamwedzi ye€176 kubva pakushandiswa kwemafuta emotokari, ayo, kunyange ari mashoma, anounganidzwa zvine musoro nekufamba kwenguva.
Kufunga nezvezvakatipoteredza kwakakoshawo. Methane, chinhu chikuru cheBOG, imhepo ine simba guru mugreenhouse gas. Kuburitsa mhepo isina kudzorwa kana kupfuta kunowedzera zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwecarbon station. Masisitimu ekugadzirisa akaedzwa muzviteshi zvekutakura zveLNG anoshanda akadzivirira kusvika 8,549 kg yeCO₂ yakaenzana neCO₂ mwedzi wega wega nekushandisa zvakare BOG mukuita kwayo kana kuishandura kuti ishandiswe nemotokari, zvichikonzera mabhenefiti makuru ezvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nekuderedza gasi regreenhouse uye kutsiva mafuta.
Kuti tigadzirise matambudziko aya, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutarisira BOG dzakashandiswa pazviteshi zvekuisa mafuta zveLNG. Mhinduro inonyanya kukwezva hupfumi kazhinji kushandurwa kweBOG kuita gasi rechisikigo rakamanikidzwa (CNG). Kuenzanisa kwekuongorora kunoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kweCNG kunopa mutengo wakaderera wekutengesa gasi rakadzoserwa, zvichiwedzera kugona kwenzvimbo uye purofiti. Dzimwe nzira dzekutarisira BOG dzinosanganisira:
- Kugadzira magetsi zvakananga uchishandisa BOG semafuta ekugadzira simba rekushandisa panzvimbo yacho kana kutumira kunze kwenyika, zvichiwedzera kugutsikana kwesimba rechiteshi.
- Kuiswazve kweBOG mumatangi ekuchengetera LNG kana kudzoserwa mumainjini emotokari.
- Kupisa moto kwakadzorwa, kunowanzo shandiswa chete kana kudzoreredza kana kushandisazve kusingaite, kunyangwe nzira iyi ichiongororwa nemutemo uye kuchengetedzeka.
Nzvimbo zhinji ikozvino dzinobatanidza BOG recovery ne cryogenic refueling systems, dzichishandisa michina yepamusoro yekuyera mass flow flow yakadai seCoriolis mass flowmeters uye ultrasonic flowmeters. Izvi zvishandiso zvinogonesa kutarisa kwakarurama uye kuyera maflow flow emvura ne liquid streams, zvichivandudza kushanda kwe LNG custody transfer metering uye kuwedzera mashandiro echiteshi. Inline density uye viscosity metres—senge dzakagadzirwa neLonnmeter—dzinobatsira nekupa kutarisa kwakarurama uye kwakaringana kwezvimiro zvemvura zvakakosha kuti BOG ibatwe zvakanaka uye ishandiswe.
Kushandiswa kweBOG management yakazara kunoderedza njodzi dzakawanda dzemari kune vanoisa LNG refuel. Izvi zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvinoburitsa mweya, zvirango zvekutevedzera mutemo weutsi hwakawandisa, uye mari yesimba inobva pakuvimba nezvinhu zvekunze zvegrid. Tekinoroji yakawedzerwa yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inotsigira zvakananga kuderedza njodzi nekuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemeta uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti gasi rinogadziriswa uye rinoongororwa.
Humbowo hwacho hunosimbisa kukosha kwehupfumi nekwezvakatipoteredza kwekutarisira kwakasimba kweBOG munzvimbo dzekudira mafuta dzeLNG. Kuisa masisitimu ekudzoreredza mafuta nekungwarira, zvichitsigirwa nekubata mafuta nemazvo uye kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemafuta, kwakakosha pakushanda kunobatsira uye kunogara kwenguva refu mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano emutemo nemusika.
Maitiro Akabatanidzwa: Kubatanidza Kuyera, Kudzora, uye Kuchengeta
Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekuzadza mafuta dzeLNG dzinobatanidza zvakanaka nzvimbo yekuchengetera simba rinotonhora, kuyerwa kwakarurama kwekuyerera kwehuwandu, uye kuongorora maitiro panguva chaiyo kuti zviwedzere kushanda uye kutevedzera mitemo. Chinhu chikuru chekubatanidzwa uku kushandisa simba rinotonhora rinoburitswa panguva yekuvandudzwa kweLNG. Kana gasi rechisikigo remvura richichinja kubva ku -162°C kudzokera kumamiriro aro egasi, simba rinotonhora rakawanda rinowanikwa kuti ribatwe. Nzvimbo dzinotungamira dzinoisa simba iri mumasisitimu ekuchengetera simba rinotonhora kana kuribatanidza nemayuniti eLiquid Air Energy Storage (LAES), zvichigadzira simba rakasanganiswa uye nzvimbo yekuzadza mafuta.
Kutevedzera Thermodynamic—kusanganisira mu process simulators dzakadai seAspen HYSYS—kunoratidza kuti kubatanidza LAES neLNG regasification hakungowedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem (nekuvandudzwa kwese kunodarika 105%) asiwo kunodzikisa nguva dzekubhadhara kusvika kumakore maviri nehafu, kunyangwe painenge ichitarisa nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzakanyanya uye kugadzira subsystems. Zviteshi zvakagadzirwa nenzira dzakabatana dzakadai zvinobatsira nekudzikiswa kukuru kwemitengo yekushanda nekuda kwekushandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba rinotonhora, kuwedzera kushanduka kwekushanda, uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba renzvimbo.
Panguva imwe chete, kuyera kuyerera kwehuwandu kwakarurama chinhu chinodiwa kuti pave nekururama mukufambiswa kwenzvimbo uye kudzora maitiro pazviteshi izvi. MaCoriolis mass flowmeters, anozivikanwa nekururama kwawo kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzinoyerera mvura, anoyera zvakananga mwero wekuyerera kwehuwandu—chikomborero chikuru kupfuura mamita echinyakare evolumetric. Midziyo iyi inoramba yakavimbika mumamiriro ekushandura, tembiricha yakaderera, uye variable-pressure refuel, zvichitsigira zvese kuchinjana kwekutengeserana uye kutarisirwa kwehurumende.
Masisitimu emazuva ano ekuyera akabatanidzwa iye zvino ane nzira dzekuongorora dzakaiswa mukati, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kugara zvichizviongorora zve flowmeters nezvimwe zvishandiso zvakakosha zvekushanda. Kukundikana, kudonha, kana kutsauka kwe calibration zvinoonekwa ipapo ipapo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vashandi vanogona kuchengetedza zviyero zvinoteverwa, zvichiona kuti zvinoenderana nemitemo yepasi rose ye LNG. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru muzviteshi zvekuisa mafuta uko kunyangwe kutsauka kudiki kunogona kushandura kusawirirana kukuru kwemari kana zvirango zvemitemo.
Otomatiki inobatanidza kuyera nekudzora nemaitiro ekuchengetedza. Semuenzaniso, data rekuyerera kwehuwandu hwemvura rinowanikwa kubva kuCoriolis flowmeters rinopinda zvakananga mu automated control loops dzinogadzirisa ma process valves, dzinodzora boil-off gas, kana kukonzera matanho ekugadzirisa kana paine zvinokanganisika pakushanda. Kuunzwa kwe inline density metres, senge idzo dzakagadzirwa neLonnmeter, kunowedzera kujekesa maitiro. Aya mamita, pamwe chete ne inline viscosity sensors, anobatsira kuona kuti litre yega yega kana kilogram yeLNG inoverengwa nemazvo padanho rega rega - kubva pakuchengetwa uye kutamiswa kusvika pakugoverwa kwekupedzisira.
Mufananidzo 1 uri pazasi unoratidza nzvimbo yakabatanidzwa yekuzadza mafuta yeLNG uko midziyo yekuchengetera zvinhu, mapombi e cryogenic, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera, uye kuongorora masisitimu zvakabatana kuburikidza nepuratifomu ye central process automation.
Masisitimu ekuyera ekuchengetedza anoshandisa musanganiswa wekuyerera kwehuwandu hweCoriolis, kuyerwa kwehuwandu, uye kuongororwa kwakabatanidzwa kuti ape mhedzisiro inosimbiswa. Anotsungirira mamiriro akaoma e cryogenic, zvichiita kuti LNG throughput—yakanyorwa mumakirogiramu kana matani—irambe yakarurama uye isingakanganiswi nevanobata pamwe chete nevanodzora. Muchidimbu, kusangana kwekuchengetedza simba rinotonhora, michina yekuyera huwandu uye huwandu, uye kuongororwa otomatiki zvinoumba musimboti wemabasa ekuwedzera mafuta eLNG akavimbika, anoshanda, uye anoenderana.
Kusarudza neKutsvaga Mhinduro dzekuyera Kuyerera Kwemvura
Kusarudza mhinduro yakakodzera yekuyera kuyerera kwehuwandu hwemvura (mass flow solutions) yeLNG kunotanga nekuenzanisa kwakajeka kweCoriolis ne ultrasonic technology. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuyera kwavo. Coriolis mass flowmeters inoyera kuyerera kwehuwandu hwemvura zvakananga nekuona kuchinja kwechikamu kunokonzerwa nekufamba kwemvura mumachubhu anodedera. Ultrasonic flowmeters, zvakasiyana, inoona kuyerera kwehuwandu hwemvura zvichibva panguva dzekufamba kwe ultrasonic pulse; kuyerera kwehuwandu hwemvura kunobva kwawanikwa nekutarisa huwandu hwemvura hwakayerwa kana hunofungidzirwa.
Kunyatsojeka kwakakosha pakuendeswa kweLNG, sezvo kunyangwe kuyera kudiki kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kukuru mukutengeserana. Coriolis mass flowmeters inopa kurongeka kwakadzika kunowanzo kusvika ±0.1% yehuwandu chaihwo hwekuyerera kwehuwandu, isingakanganiswi nekuchinja-chinja kwehuwandu hweLNG kana tembiricha. Sezvo density yeLNG ichichinja nechimiro chemuviri chakasiyana, kuyera uku kwakananga kwehuwandu kunobatsira kuderedza zvikanganiso zvekushandura zviripo muhunyanzvi hwevolumetric. Ultrasonic flowmeters, nepo ichikwanisa ±0.2% volumetric accuracy mumamiriro akanaka, inovimba nekuyera kwekunze kwehuwandu kana kufungidzira, zvichiunza kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kana chimiro cheLNG chikachinja zvisingatarisirwi panguva yekutamiswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvishandiso zveCoriolis zvifarirwe pakutamiswa kwekuchengetedza kwakanyatsojeka, kunyanya mukushandiswa uko kuyera kwakananga kwehuwandu kunodiwa uye saizi dzemutsetse dziri diki kusvika pakati nepakati.
Zvinodiwa pakuiswa uye mashandiro zvinopa musiyano mukuru. Mamita eCoriolis anoda rutsigiro rwakasimba rwemakanika uye kudzivirira kupisa kwakanaka nekuda kwehukuru hwawo uye kunzwa kwekushanduka kwekupisa - zvinhu zvinowedzera kana uchibata LNG ne cryogenic. Anounza kuderera kukuru kwekumanikidzwa sezvo dhayamita yemapaipi ichiwedzera, zvichideredza kushanda kwawo pamapaipi makuru. Mamita eUltrasonic, nekugadzirwa kwawo, anopa kurasikirwa kushoma kwekumanikidzwa, anoyera zvakanaka pamapaipi makuru kusvika masendimita makumi mana nemasere, uye anopa sarudzo dziri nyore dzekugadzirisa nekuda kwekusapindira kana kubatanidza. Kushaikwa kwezvikamu zvinofamba uye kushanda kwakananga mukati memota zvinokwezvawo vashandi veLNG vanotarisira network dzakakura dze cryogenic.
Zvinokosha zvehunyanzvi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa kune ese matekinoroji:
Kururama:Mamita eCoriolis anopa kunyatsojeka kwekuyerera kwehuwandu, kazhinji kunodiwa pakugadziriswa kwekupedzisira. Zviyero zveUltrasonic zvinopa kunyatsojeka kwekuyerera kwehuwandu asi zvinoda muripo wakasimba wekuchinja kwechimiro kana zvichishandiswa pakuverenga huwandu.
Kugadzirisa:Mhando dzese dzemita dzinoda maitiro chaiwo ekugadzirisa. Kune cryogenic LNG service, izvi zvinosanganisira kudzokorora mamiriro ekushanda kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuyerwa kwakavimbika mukati menguva dzese dzekupisa nekumanikidzwa.
Kuvimbika:Mamita eCoriolis anozivikanwa nekushanda nesimba mumhando dzakasiyana dzeLNG uye kumanikidzwa. Mamita eUltrasonic, kunyangwe asingatsvedzeri, anofanira kuongororwa nguva nenguva kuti aone kana chiratidzo chaora nekuda kwekuoma kwemvura kana kuti ma transducers akakanganisika.
Kuongorora chirwere:Mashandiro ekuongorora epamusoro anowanikwa muzvikamu zvese zvemamita. Mamita eCoriolis anogona kuzviongorora ega kuti asave nekugadzikana uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwechubhu, nepo michina ye ultrasonic ichitevera simba remasaini, kugona kwenzira yeacoustic, uye kusarongeka kwemafambiro emvura.
Kuchinjika kweKubatanidzwa:Mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzinogona kutsanangurwa nemagetsi akajairika ekutaurirana kuti abatanidzwe ne shipboard kana terminal control systems. Zvisinei, zvirambidzo zvekugadzira nekuisa—zvakadai sehuremu hwemita, zvinodiwa nenzvimbo, kana zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira kupisa—zvinogona kukanganisa kukodzera kwemidziyo yekare yekubata mafuta.
Maitiro ekutsvaga Coriolis mass flowmeter yeLNG, senge yekufambisa zvinhu zvakawanda panzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta muLNG, inoda nzira yakarongeka. Tsvaga vagadziri veCoriolis mass flowmeter nevatengesi vane rekodhi yakasimbiswa muLNG kana mamwe mashandisirwo emvura inoyerera. Ongorora portfolio yavo kuti uwane mareferensi chaiwo mutekinoroji yekuzadza mafuta muLNG, kutevedzera kwakasimbiswa kwemaitiro ekufambisa akakodzera ekuchengetedza, uye kugona kuri kuramba kuripo kwekutsigira tekinoroji. Kuongorora kwakasimba kwekugadzira kwavo, nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa mabasa ekudzivirira, uye kupindura kune zvinodiwa nebasa remumunda kwakakosha kuti basa ribudirire kwenguva refu.
Mukusarudza uye kukodzera mutengesi, tarisa kuvimbika kwakaratidzwa kwekuisa muzviteshi zveLNG, magwaro akajeka pamusoro pedata rekushanda pakupisa kwe cryogenic, uye sevhisi yakasimba mushure mekutengesa. Kuvimbika kwemutengesi wako kunokanganisa zvakananga kuvimbika kwekuyera uye kubudirira kwemabasa ekutamisa LNG. Simbisa kuti uve nerekodhi yekushanda kwakanaka uye kugona kuchinjika kwehunyanzvi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvishandiso zvako zvekuyera zvinochengetedza kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwakavimbika mukati mehupenyu hwese hwezvivakwa zvako zveLNG.
Kubatsira Kwakanyanya: Zvakanakira Kushanda uye Zvezvakatipoteredza
Kushandisa michina yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera nekururama kwakanyanya, kunyanya Coriolis mass flowmeters, kunopa mabhenefiti anoshanda uye ezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta muLNG, LNG conservation transfer metering, uye cryogenic fuel handling. Mabhenefiti aya anobva mukuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera nekupisa, zvichiita kuti pave nekugadziriswa kwakanaka kwemaitiro uye kuverengerwa kweutsi hunobuda.
Kuderedza Kubuda Kwemhepo Uye Kurasikirwa
Michina yekuyera huwandu hweCoriolis yakavimbika zvikuru yave yakakosha pakuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kurasikirwa kwezvigadzirwa muchikamu che LNG. Kusaziva kwavo kwakawedzerwa kwekuyera - kazhinji kwakaderera kusvika 0.50% mukushandiswa kweLNG - zvinoreva kuti gasi risingaverengeki rakawanda panguva yekushandiswa kwekutakura, kurodha, uye kuwedzera mafuta. Nekuyera nemazvo kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemhepo uye kuona shanduko dzisinganzwisisike, zvishandiso izvi zvinotsigira kukurumidza kuona kudonha kwemhepo, kubvisa kurasikirwa kusingaonekwe, uye kuderedza mhedzisiro yekukanganisa mumishumo yemhepo inobuda. Kugona uku kwakakosha pakugadzirisa gasi rinobuda mumhepo (BOG): data rekuyerera kwakaringana rinobatsira vashandi kutora, kuverenga, uye kuwana mari yeBOG pachinzvimbo chekuiburitsa, kudzora zvakananga kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa uye kuvandudza kuverenga kwekabhoni.
Kuwedzera Kwepurofiti uye Kugara Kuchienderera Mberi
Kuyera kwakagadziridzwa kunokanganisa purofiti nekuona kuti kilogiramu yega yega yeLNG inoteverwa nemazvo panguva yekutamiswa nekutengesa, kuderedza kusawirirana kwemari, uye kutsigira kutengeserana kwakarurama. Muhunyanzvi hwekuzadza LNG uye masisitimu ekuzadza cryogenic, masisitimu ekutarisa ekuchengetedza akavimbika akavakirwa paCoriolis kana chiyero chepamusoro che ultrasonic chekuyerera anopa mhedzisiro inoteverwa uye inoongororwa. Kudzora uku kwakasimba pamusoro pezvinhu zviri mudura hakungotsigire chete kutevedzera mitemo asiwo kunoita kuti vashandi vaone kusashanda zvakanaka uye kuvandudza goho remaitiro.
Kugara kwenguva refu kunowedzerwawo: kuyerwa kwepamusoro kwehuwandu hwemafuta kunoderedza marara muhupenyu hwese hwemafuta, kunoderedza kubuda kwemethane neCO₂, uye kunoita kuti pave nemishumo yakavimbika yehurongwa hwekuzvipira uye hwemitemo. Kugona kutarisa huwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo uye kusviba (nezvishandiso zvakaita se inline density uye viscosity metres kubva kuLonnmeter) kunowedzera kunzwisisa kwemaitiro, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kururama Kwakanyanya: Mabhenefiti Akananga
Kunyatsojeka kwekuyera kunotungamira zvakananga mukushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro uye kudzikira kwenzvimbo. Pakubata mafuta anoyerera uye kutamiswa kweLNG, mita dzeCoriolis dzemazuva ano hadzidi mapombi akatwasuka uye zvirambidzo zvekuisa mubato, zvichiita kuti zvive zvechokwadi kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakatetepa, dzakagadziriswazve. Nekuongororwa kwakasimba uye kusimbiswa kunoteverwa, kusava nechokwadi kwekuyera kunoderedzwa - kunyangwe kana paine kushushikana kwakaderera, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kana kuumbwa kwegasi kwakasiyana-siyana.
Mamita eLonnmeter e inline density uye viscosity ane basa rekutsigira, achipa data rezvinhu zvemvura panguva chaiyo rinoenderana nedata rekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera. Iyi suite yekuyera yakazara inobvumira vashandi kugadzirisa maitiro panguva chaiyo kuchengetedza mhando yechigadzirwa, kuwedzera kufambisa, uye kutevedzera miganhu yekusimbisa kuburitsa kwemhepo.
Muchidimbu, kushandisa michina yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera nekururama kwakanyanya kunoshandura mashandiro eLNG, zvichiwedzera purofiti uye kugara kwenguva refu kuburikidza nekutarisa kwakarurama, kudzivirira kurasikirwa, uye kuderedza utsi hunobuda. Kubatanidzwa nekuyera huwandu hwemhepo ne viscosity kunowedzera kusimbisa mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza uye mashandiro, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa nhasi zvekutarisira LNG kwakarurama, kwakajeka, uye kune mutoro.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
Ndezvipi zvakanakira kushandisa Coriolis mass flowmeter muLNG applications?
Ma "Coriolis mass flowmeters" anoyera zvakananga kuyerera kwehuwandu hwemafuta, izvo zvakakosha pakuchinjisa gasi rechisikigo rakanyungudutswa (LNG), sezvo zvibvumirano zvinowanzo enderana nehuremu pane vhoriyamu. Izvi zvinobvisa zvikanganiso kubva muhuwandu hwemafuta eLNG akasiyana uye zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekushandurwa kwakaoma kwehuwandu hwemafuta kubva kuhuwandu kuenda kuhuwandu. Kubatsira kwekuyera uku kwakananga ndiko kunyatsorurama, kazhinji kuri nani pane ±0.1%, zvichikonzera kugadziriswa kwemari kwakaringana uye kuve pachena kwekutengeserana.
Ma flowmeter aya anoshanda zvakavimbika kana tembiricha dzikaoma uye akasimba pamamiriro ezvinhu akaoma e LNG refuel technology uye cryogenic fuel handling. Pasina zvikamu zvekufambisa zvemakanika, Coriolis metres inoda kugadziriswa kushoma, kuderedza nguva yekushanda uye mari yese yekuva muridzi. Kugona kuyera huwandu hwemvura, density, uye tembiricha panguva imwe chete kunobvumira kuverenga ma parameter akadai sehuwandu hwesimba uye kukosha kwe calorie, zvakananga mukati me flowmeter pachayo.
Chimwe chakanakira kugadzikana mumamiriro ekuchinja kwemaitiro, akadai sekuchinja kwesimba, tembiricha, kana kuvapo kwezvikamu zvemvura neutsi zvakasanganiswa—zvinowanzoonekwa muzviteshi zvekuisa mafuta zveLNG uye masisitimu ekuisa mafuta ecryogenic. Mamita eCoriolis anozivikanwawo nemasangano epasi rose ekutonga nekuda kwekushanda kwawo mukushandiswa kwekutamisa zvinhu.
Muchina we ultrasonic flowmeter unoita sei mumabasa ekuwedzera mafuta e cryogenic?
Ma ultrasonic flowmeters akakodzera kuyerera kweLNG ine simba rakawanda, zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kurasikirwa nepressure yakaderera uye kugadziriswa kushoma kwakakosha. Sezvo achishandisa ma ultrasound waves kuyera kumhanya kwekuyerera, hapana kuvharika kana kuvharika mupombi, zvichichengetedza kusimba kwesystem munzvimbo dzine cryogenic. Kushanda kunoenderana nekufamba kwakasiyana-siyana, uye dhizaini yacho haiparadzike nekusakara nekuti hapana zvikamu zvinofamba zvakanyorova. Iyi tekinoroji inofarirwa kuti irambe ichitarisa maitiro uye kuyerwa kwekufambiswa kwemvura, uko kusimbiswa kwekuvimbika kwedata uye kudzokorora kwakakosha.
Muchokwadi, ma ultrasonic flowmeters anotsigira kuyera kweLNG kuchengetedza nekubata dhayamita hombe dzemapaipi asina zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvekuisa, zvichiita kuti zvigone kuchinjika muzvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvivakwa uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa munzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta dzeLNG.
Nzvimbo yekudira mafuta yeLNG inogona sei kugadzirisa gasi rinobikira zvinobudirira?
Kutarisira gasi rinobikira (BOG) nemazvo kwakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi uye kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza pazviteshi zvekuisa mafuta zveLNG. Mazano anosanganisira kubatanidza masisitimu ekushandura eBOG anodzvanya nekushandisazve gasi rechisikigo, pane kuriburitsa kana kuripisa. Midziyo yekuyera kuyerera kwehuwandu hwacho nemazvo, senge Coriolis ne ultrasonic flowmeters, zvakakosha kuti utarise huwandu hweBOG uye utevedzere kurasikirwa mukati mekuita uku.
Kushandisa nzira chaiyo yekuyera huwandu hwemvura kunobvumira kuona nekukasika kusashanda zvakanaka kana kuti kudonha kwemvura, izvo zvinobatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwese uye kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa. Kudzora otomatiki kwakavakirwa padata rekuyera renguva chaiyo kunogona kukonzera mhinduro kumamiriro ekushanda anochinja, zvichiita kuti kuburitswa kwemhepo uye kurasikirwa kwezvigadzirwa kuve kushoma.
Chii chandinofanira kufunga nezvacho pakusarudza mutengesi we coriolis mass flowmeter kana fekitori ye LNG?
Isa pamberi vatengesi nevagadziri vema "coriolis mass flowmeter" vane ruzivo rwakakwana mukushandiswa kwe "cryogenic" ne "LNG". Vanofanira kuratidza hunyanzvi hwavo mukugadzira ma "mass flowmeters" nemazvo, kugadzikana, uye kugona kwavo kudzokorora kana zvinhu zvaoma. Ongorora chido chavo nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekupa rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi mukuisa, kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu, uye kuongororwa kwe "calibration" nguva dzose.
Iva nechokwadi chekuti mita dzavo dzinosangana nemitemo yakakodzera uye mitemo yeindasitiri yekufambisa LNG. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti uongorore mareferensi anobva kunzvimbo dzekudira mafuta dzeLNG maererano nekushanda uye kuvimbika, pamwe nekusimbisa magwaro akajeka emudziyo wega wega.
Sei kuyerwa kwekufambiswa kwevana kuchikosha pakuwedzera mafuta muLNG?
Kuyera kwekuchengetedza vanhu ndiyo nheyo huru mukuwedzera mafuta eLNG, zvichiita kuti kutengeserana kwemari pakati pemutengesi nemutengi kuve kwakarurama uye kwakachengeteka pamutemo. Sezvo kukosha kweLNG kwakakwira, kunyangwe kusarongeka kudiki kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwehupfumi. Maflowmeter akadai sema high-acurate coriolis mass flowmeters uye ultrasonic flowmeters anopa data rakasimbiswa rekutamiswa kwega kwega, zvichideredza kusawirirana uye kuona kuti chiteshi chinotevedzera mitemo.
Kuyera kwakarurama kwekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu kunotsigira zvinyorwa zvakajeka, zvinoongororwa, zvichideredza mukana wekukanganisa kana kubiridzira. Izvi zvinopa vimbiso yekuti mapato ese anogamuchira kana kupa huwandu hwechigadzirwa chakabvumiranwa.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura kunobatsira sei kuti masisitimu ekuzadza LNG arambe achienderera mberi?
Uchishandisa michina yepamusoro yekuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera, nzvimbo dzekuisa mafuta dzeLNG dzinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya marara esimba nekushandisa zvakanaka kuzadza, kuchengetera, uye kutamisa LNG. Kutarisa kwakarurama uye panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti kutamiswa kwega kwega kugadziriswe, zvichideredza kurasikirwa uye kuburitswa kwemhepo inobuda. Kuyera kwakarurama kwakakosha pakubata mafuta ane hungwaru; zvinobvumira vashandi kugadzirisa maitiro ekushanda zvakanaka uye kuenderana nezvinangwa zvemhepo inobuda, zvichivandudza kugara kwenguva refu muchikamu cheLNG.
Kuyera huwandu hwemvura inoyerera kunoitawo kuti pave nekutevera zviri nani kushandiswa kwezvinhu uye kurasikirwa kwazvinoitwa, zvichitsigira zvirongwa zvekutevedzera mitemo uye kuvandudza mashandiro azvo nechinangwa chekuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Midziyo yekuyera mwero wekuyerera kwehuwandu yakavimbika here mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara?
Midziyo yekuyera huwandu hwekuyerera kwemvura inonzi Coriolis ne ultrasonic mass yakagadzirwa kuti ishande zvakanaka pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kunowanikwa mukushandiswa kweLNG. Zvinhu zvekuvaka uye magadzirirwo e sensor zvinosarudzwa kudzivirira kuputsika uye kuyerera kwekuyera pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Kugona kugadzikisa nguva dzose uye kuongorora kunobatsira kuchengetedza kururama uye kudzokorora, kunyangwe paine kuchinja-chinja kwekushisa, kudedera, kana kuchinja kwemafambiro emvura anowanzoitwa mumaitiro eLNG. Kuvimbika kwakaratidzwa muhunyanzvi hwekuzadza LNG, sezvakanyorwa mukushandiswa kwenzvimbo huru, kunoratidza basa ravo semhinduro dzinosarudzwa dzekuyera kuyerera kwemvura munzvimbo dzakanyanya.
Machati ari pazasi anoratidza kururama kwekuyera kwakajairika sekushanda kwetembiricha yeCoriolis uye ultrasonic flowmeters mukushandiswa kweLNG:
Kuenderana uku kwakakosha pakudzora maitiro, kutevedza utsi, uye kugadziriswa kwemari muchikamu chemafuta anokonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2025
