Maitiro eMannheim ekugadzira Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4)

Maitiro eMannheim ePotassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Kugadzirwa

Nzira Huru dzeKugadzira Potassium Sulfate

Maitiro eMannheim is maitiro emaindasitiri ekugadzira K2SO4,Kuora kwe 98% sulfuric acid ne potassium chloride pakupisa kwakanyanya pamwe chete ne hydrochloric acid. Matanho chaiwo anosanganisira kusanganisa potassium chloride ne sulfuric acid uye kuita kuti zviite potassium sulfate ne hydrochloric acid pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Kugadzirwa kwekristaroskuchekainogadzira potassium sulfate kuburikidza nekugocha ma alkali akadai se tung seed shell ne plant ash, wozoteverwa nekuburitsa mvura, kusefa, kuisa pfungwa, kupatsanura centrifugal uye kuomesa kuti pave nepotassium sulfate.

Maitiro ePotassium ChlorideuyeAsidhi yeSulfuric patembiricha dzakatarwa muchiyero chakati ndeimwe nzira yekuwana potassium sulfate.Matanho chaiwo anosanganisira kunyungudutsa potassium chloride mumvura inodziya, kuwedzera sulfuric acid kuti iite reaction, uye wozogadzira crystallizing pa100–140°C, zvichiteverwa nekuparadzaniswa, kusagadziriswa, uye kuoma kuti pave nepotassium sulfate.

Mabhenefiti eMannheim Potassium Sulfate

Maitiro ekuMennheim ndiyo nzira huru yekugadzira potassium sulfate kunze kwenyika. Nzira yakavimbika uye yakaoma inogadzira potassium sulfate yakaomeswa ine mvura yakawanda inonyunguduka. Mhinduro yeasidhi isina simba yakakodzera ivhu realkaline.

Nheyo dzeKugadzira

Maitiro Ekuita:

1. Sulfuric acid ne potassium chloride zvinoyerwa zvakaenzana uye zvinoiswa zvakaenzana mukamuri re reaction yeMannheim furnace, uko zvinopindura kuti zvigadzire potassium sulfate ne hydrogen chloride.

2. Kuitika kwechiitiko ichi kunoitika mumatanho maviri:

i. Danho rekutanga ndere exothermic uye rinoitika patembiricha yakaderera.

ii. Danho rechipiri rinosanganisira kushandurwa kwepotassium bisulfate kuita potassium sulfate, iyo inodziya zvakanyanya.

Kudzora Kupisa:

1. Kuitika kwechinhu ichi kunofanira kuitika patembiricha iri pamusoro pe268°C, uye huwandu hwakakodzera huri 500-600°C kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chinoshanda zvakanaka pasina kuora kwesulfuric acid zvakanyanya.

2. Mukugadzirwa chaiko, tembiricha yemhinduro inowanzo dzorwa pakati pe510-530°C kuti igadzikane uye ishande zvakanaka.

Kushandiswa kwekupisa:

1. Zvinoitika izvi zvinopisa zvakanyanya, zvinoda kupisa kwakawanda kubva mukupiswa kwegasi rechisikigo.

2. Inenge 44% yekupisa kwechoto inorasika kuburikidza nemadziro, 40% inotakurwa nemagasi eutsi, uye 16% chete ndiyo inoshandiswa pakuita kwayo.

Zvinhu Zvikuru zveMannheim Process

Viradhayamita ndiyo chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakugadzira. Mahovhoni makuru pasi rose ane dhayamita yemamita matanhatu.Panguva imwe chete, hurongwa hwekutyaira hwakavimbika ndiyo vimbiso yekuenderera mberi uye kugadzikana kwekuita.Zvinhu zvinoramba zvichipisa zvinofanira kugara zvakanaka, zvine acid yakasimba, uye zvinopa kutamiswa kwakanaka kwekupisa. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakukurunga zvinofanira kuramba zvichipisa, ngura, uye kusakara.

Hunhu hweHydrogen Chloride Gas:

1. Kuchengetedza vacuum cleaner mukamuri re reaction kunoita kuti mhepo nemagasi eflue zvisaderedze hydrogen chloride.

2. Kuvhara uye kushanda zvakanaka kunogona kuwana huwandu hweHCl hwe50% kana kupfuura.

Magadzirirwo Ezvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa:

1.Potassium Chloride:Inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyoro, saizi yezvidimbu, uye huwandu hwe potassium oxide kuti ishande zvakanaka.

2.Asidhi yeSulfuric:Inoda huwandu hwe99% yekuchena uye kuita zvinoenderana.

Kudzora Kupisa:

1.Kamuri reKupindura (510-530°C):Inovimbisa mhinduro yakakwana.

2.Imba Yekutsva:Inoenzanisa gasi rechisikigo kuti rive rinopisa zvakanaka.

3.Kupisa kweGasi reMuswe:Inodzorwa kudzivirira kuvharika kweutsi uye kuona kuti gasi rinonyudzwa zvakanaka.

Mafambiro Ebasa

• Mhinduro:Potassium chloride nesulfuric acid zvinogara zvichiiswa muchikamu che reaction. Potassium sulfate inobuda inoburitswa, inotonhodzwa, inoongororwa, uye inonyungudutswa necalcium oxide isati yaiswa mupakeji.
• Kugadzirisa Zvigadzirwa Zvinoenderana Nechigadzirwa:
  • Gasi rehydrogen chloride rinopisa zvakanyanya rinotonhodzwa uye rinocheneswa kuburikidza nemidziyo yekukwesha uye yekunyudza mvura kuti rigadzire hydrochloric acid yemhando yepamusoro (31-37% HCl).
  • Magasi anoburitswa nemuswe anogadziriswa kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza.

Matambudziko uye Kuvandudzwa

1. Kurasikirwa nekupisa:Kupisa kwakawanda kunorasika kuburikidza nemagasi eutsi nemadziro echoto, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekuvandudza masisitimu ekudzoreredza kupisa.
2. Kuora kwemidziyo:Maitiro aya anoshanda kana tembiricha yakakwira uye mamiriro ekunze ane acid, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekupfekwa nekugadzirisa.
3. Kushandiswa kweHydrochloric Acid kubva muzvigadzirwa:Musika wehydrochloric acid unogona kuzara, zvichiita kuti pave nekutsvagurudzwa kwemamwe mashandisirwo kana nzira dzekuderedza kubuda kwezvinobva muzvigadzirwa.

Maitiro ekugadzira Mannheim potassium sulfate anosanganisira mhando mbiri dzemagasi anobuda: utsi hwekupisa hunobva mugasi rechisikigo uye gasi rehydrogen chloride rinobuda kubva parinobuda.

Chiutsi Chekutsva:

Tembiricha yeutsi inobuda mumoto inowanzoita 450°C. Kupisa uku kunopfuudzwa kuburikidza nerecuperator kusati kwaburitswa. Zvisinei, kunyangwe mushure mekutsinhana kwekupisa, tembiricha yegasi rinobuda mumoto inoramba iri pa160°C, uye kupisa uku kwasara kunoburitswa mumhepo.

Gasi reHydrogen Chloride Rinobva Muchigadzirwa Chinotevera:

Gasi rehydrogen chloride rinokweshwa mushongwe yekuwachisa ine sulfuric acid, rinonyudzwa muforoma inodonha, uye rinocheneswa mushongwe yekuchenesa gasi risati raburitswa. Maitiro aya anogadzira 31% hydrochloric acid., umo yepamusorokuwanda kwezvinhu kunogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepohazvina kusvikazviyero uye zvichikonzera chiitiko che "kudhonza muswe" muchiutsi.Saka, nguva chaiyohydrochloric acid kuyerwa kwehuwandu zvinoshanduka kuva zvakakosha mukugadzirwa.

Matanho anotevera anogona kutorwa kuti pave nemigumisiro iri nani:

Deredza Kuwanda kweAcid: Deredza huwandu hweAcid panguva yekunyudzwa kweAcidnemita yekuwanda kwemukati kuti zvionekwe nemazvo.

Wedzera Huwandu hweMvura Inotenderera: Wedzera kutenderera kwemvura muchinhu chinonyudza firimu rinodonha kuti uvandudze kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura inonyudzwa.

Deredza Mutoro paExhaust Gas Purification Tower: Gadzirisa mashandiro ekuderedza mutoro pasystem yekuchenesa.

Kuburikidza nekugadzirisa uku uye kushanda zvakanaka nekufamba kwenguva, dambudziko rekudhonzwa kwemuswe rinogona kubviswa, zvichiita kuti utsi husvike pazvinodiwa.