Kunzwisisa Maitiro Ekuparadzanisa Nyika Isina Zviitiko
Maitiro ekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvepasi zvisingawanzoonekwi anosanganisira kubvisa nekuchenesa zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi kubva muzvinhu zvakaoma zvemaminerari. Zvakakosha pakugadzira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi, masisitimu esimba, uye matekinoroji ekudzivirira. Maitiro ekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi anosanganisa matekiniki epanyama neemakemikari, akadai sekuparadzanisa magnetic, kuchinjana kwemaion, uye kuparadzanisa nekubvisa solvent. Maitiro aya anoshanda kuparadzanisa maion chaiwo epasi zvisingawanzoonekwi zvichienderana nekusiyana kudiki mumaitiro avo emakemikari.
Maitiro ekuparadzanisa ivhu risingawanzoonekwi anotarisana nematambudziko akasiyana. Ivhu risingawanzoonekwi rinowanzo vapo pamwe chete ne ionic radii yakafanana uye makemikari, zvichikonzera matambudziko mukuwana kuchena kwakanyanya uye kusarudza. Nzira dzakadai sekubvisa solvent—dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuparadzanisa ivhu risingawanzoonekwi—dzinoda mamiriro akanyatsodzorwa, kusanganisira kusarudza kwakanyatsojeka kwezvikamu zve organic, pH regulation, uye kungwarira kwezvikamu zvezvikamu. Semuenzaniso, matekiniki epamusoro ekubvisa rare earth solvent ikozvino anoshandisa ma chelating resins akagadzirirwa kana eco-friendly collectors anowedzera kusarudza kwema ions akanangwa uye kuderedza kusvibiswa.
Kurapa kwakakodzera kwe leachate yevhu risina kusimba kunoenderana nekudzora huwandu hwe leaching agent panguva yese yekuburitsa. Kuwanda kwakakwana kwe leaching agent yevhu risina kusimba kunoita kuti ivhu rirambe rakanyungudika uye kunoderedza kusvibiswa kusingadiwe senge aruminiyamu kana iron. Kana chiyero che leaching agent chakaderera, goho rekubvisa rinoderera, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwe rare earth hunoramba huri mumarara - izvi zvinozivikanwa se leaching agent isina kukwana mu rare earth extraction. Kusiyana neizvi, leaching agent yakawandisa mu rare earth processing inogona kukonzera kushandiswa kwe reagent zvisina kufanira, njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, uye leaching pamwe chete yezvinosvibisa.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa rare earth kunokanganisa zvakananga hupfumi hwemaitiro uye mashandiro esimbi. Semuenzaniso, munzira yekubvisa solvent yekuparadzanisa rare earth, kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa rare earth kunokanganisa kuumbwa uye kunaka kwemushonga unoiswa muzvikamu zvekuparadzanisa. Kuwanda kwemushonga wekubvisa rare earth kwakagadzikana uye kwakagadziriswa, kunowanikwa kuburikidzachinoenderera mberizvishandiso zvekuyera kuyerakubvaLonnmeter, inotsigira kwete chete mwero wepamusoro wekupora asiwo mhedzisiro yenguva dzose yekushanda. Kugadziriswa kwemushonga nemazvo kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvakatipoteredza uye zvinangwa zvekubudirira.
Zvipingamupinyi zvekugadzira zvinowanzobva mumatanho asina kushanda zvakanaka ekubviswa kwevhu uye ekupatsanurwa. Dambudziko riripo nderekusakwanisa kushandisa nzira dzepamusoro dzekubvisa nekuparadzira ivhu remhando yepamusoro kunze kwenzvimbo dzine hunyanzvi hwakagara huripo, dzakadai seChina. Maitiro asina kushanda zvakanaka anogona kunonotsa kuburitsa, kuderedza kuchengetedzeka kwekupa ivhu remhando yepamusoro, uye kukonzera kuvimba nevanopa ivhu remhando imwe chete. Kusasimba uku kwekutengesa kunowedzerwa nekurambidzwa kwetekinoroji uye mitemo, zvichiita kuti kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro uye kudzora kwevanoburitsa ivhu kuve kwakakosha kuti zviwanikwa zvikwanise kuzviriritira.
Kazhinji, kuwana simba rakakodzera pamusoro pehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa netsvina uye kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha pakukunda matambudziko ekugadzira uye kuona kuti zvinhu zvinoburitswa netsvina zvakagadzikana uye zvakachengeteka. Kufambira mberi mukugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa netsvina, kurapwa kwetsvina yetsvina, uye maitiro chaiwo ekuparadzanisa zvinhu hazvingobatsiri chete kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, asiwo zvinosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuparadzaniswa kweNyika Kusingawanzoitiki
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Kuisa pfungwa dzevanhu muLeaching Agent: Nheyo huru nematambudziko
Zvinhu zvinoburitsa mvura muvhu ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha mukupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvevhu zvisingawanzoitiki. Zvinoshanda nekunyungudutsa maion evhu asingawanzoitiki kubva mumatombo nemarara emaindasitiri, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kupatsanurwa nekubvisa zvinonyungudutsa mumvura. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira mamineral acids (semuenzaniso, nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric acid), organic acids (citric acid, methanesulfonic acid), uye alkaline earth metal carboxylates.
Basa reVanobvisa Mvura Mukubvisa MaIon Asina Kuwanikwa
Munguva yekubvisa uye kupatsanura rare earth, chinhu chinobvisa mamineral lattices kana ma ion-adsorbed matrices, zvichikurudzira kuburitswa kwemaion earth rare earth mu leachate. Semuenzaniso, nitric acid pa ~12.5 mol/dm³ inoita kuti lanthanum (85%) necerium (79.1%) zvive nesimba guru rekubvisa ma phosphate ores kuburikidza ne protonation uye cleavage ye phosphate bonds. Citric acid, yega uye yakasanganiswa ne sodium citrate, inotsigira eco-friendly, selective recovery kubva ku maores asina kujairika akadai se phosphogypsum kana lignite, zvichiwedzera REE goho rinosvika 31.88% ne liquid-solid ratios yakagadzirirwa uye ambient temperature. Leaching agent's leaching agent's chemistry and dosage controls mineral dissolving kinetics, selectivity, uye uncleanness release.
Nheyo dzeKunyungudika Kwakasimba kweRare Earth Ions
Kunyungudika kwakasimba kwemaion epasi risingawanzoonekwi hakungoonekwi chete nekusarudzwa kwezvinhu asi, zvakanyanya, nehuwandu hwazvo. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopesvedzera kunyungudika:
- Kutarisa kweVamiririri:Inoona kinetics yekubuda kwemvura uye kukwana kwayo. Kuderera kwakanyanya kunokanganisa kuburitswa kwemaion; kukwira kwakanyanya kunotungamira kubuda kwetsvina pamwe chete.
- Mineralogy yeMatombo:Inorayira kuti zvinhu zviite sezvazviri—ganda rakanyorova uye simbi dzakanyudzwa neion dzinoda ma reagents asina kusimba kana kuti asina kusimba, nepo phosphate nemonazite minerals dzichipindura kune ma acids akasimba.
- pH:Inogadzirisa agent speciation, kushanda zvakanaka kwe ion exchange, uye selectivity—semuenzaniso, optimal magnesium sulfate leaching inoitika pa pH 4.
- Tembiricha uye Nguva:Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuwedzera mwero wekunyungudika, sezvinoonekwa mukubviswa kwephosphates nesulfuric acid.
- Chiyero cheLiquid-Solid:Inofanira kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechishandiso kuti iwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina wekubvisa tsvina pasina kushandisa zvakanyanya zvinhu.
Semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa uchishandisa citric acid kunoratidza kunaka kwe 2 mol/L pa 343 K kwemaminitsi 180, zvichiburitsa 90% ye REEs kubva ku phosphogypsum, zvichitevera muenzaniso we kinetic unodzorwa ne diffusion.
Mhedzisiro yeKusakwana Kwemushonga weKubvisa Mvura MuRare Earth Leachate
Kushandiswa kwemushonga usina kukodzera kunoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa rare earth. Kushandiswa kwemushonga usina kukwana hakubudisi rare earth ions zvizere, zvichikonzera:
- Mwero wekudzoka wakaderera—asidhi isina kukwana (semuenzaniso, HCl yakaderera kana citric acid) haigumi zvakanaka, asi REE yakawanda inochengetwa mumarara.
- Kusunungurwa kwemaion kusina kukwana—ma agglomerate anoramba akagadzikana, zvichitadzisa nzira yekubvisa solvent yekuparadzanisa rare earth.
- Kushandiswa zviwanikwa zvisina kunaka—zvidzidzo zvekutanga uye zvekuunganidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatanidza kuwanda kwezviwanikwa zvishoma nekugadzirwa kushoma, kufamba kunonoka, uye kuunganidza matombo asina kushandiswa.
Muenzaniso unoshanda unowanikwa mukubviswa kwemagnesium sulfate: pasi pehuwandu hwakakosha hwe3.5% uye pH 4, kudonha kwevhu rare earth, nepo maore agglomerates achiramba aripo, zvichideredza kusagadzikana kwemateru asi zvichikanganisa goho.
Mhedzisiro yeAnti Leaching Agent Yakawandisa muRare Earth Processing
Kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwe leaching agent kunounza matambudziko makuru mukurapa rare earth leachate:
- Kurasika kweReagent:Kushandisa maasidhi akawanda se nitric kana ammonium compounds kunowedzera mari yekushandisa uye kushandiswa kwema reagents, kazhinji zvichideredza kudzoka kwemari yekuburitsa.
- Kusvibiswa kwechipiri:Zvinhu zvinokakavara zvinokurumidzisa kunyungudika asi zvinokonzeresawo kusvibiswa pamwe chete—aruminiyamu, iron, uye calcium zvinounganidzwa, zvichiwedzera njodzi kunharaunda, kunyanya mumvura nevhu. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwakawanda hweasidhi mukubviswa kwearuminiyamu nesimbi mumarasha hunotungamira mukubviswa kwearuminiyamu nesimbi pamwe chete neREEs, zvichiita kuti kurapwa kwearuminiyamu nesimbi zviome.
- Kubvisa Kusachena Pamwe Chete:Kupfuura mwero wehuwandu hwakakwana, kusarudza kunonyangarika—simbi dzisingadiwi dzinopinda mumushonga, dzinobvisa zvinonyungudutsa zvine simba uye dzinoparadzanisa ivhu rare earth, uye dzinoda kucheneswa kwakanyanya.
- Kusagadzikana kweMatombo:Kuyedzwa kwekubvisa matombo mumigodhi kunoratidza njodzi dzenzvimbo; kunwa doro zvakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwezvicherwa, zvichikonzera kudonha kwevhu uye kudonha kwemawere mumigodhi.
Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvinokurudzira kugadziriswa kwemuyero wedosi, zvichitsigira dzimwe nzira dzinogara kwenguva refu dzakadai semaacids madiki kana macarboxylates emunyika ine alkaline. Mishonga iyi ine pH yakasarudzika, inosvika padanho repamusoro, inowana REE yakakwira (>91%) uku ichideredza kusvibiswa—zvichienderana nemaitiro epamusoro ekuparadzanisa rare earth.
Kugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa ne leaching agents ndiko kwakakosha mukupatsanurwa kwe rare earth. Kuyera nekuongorora kunodzora zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kwe leaching, kunyungudika kwakasimba, uye kushanda kwe solvent extraction, zvese izvi zvichitarisa mari uye kuchengetedza nharaunda. Kusarudza nekuenzanisa chinhu chakakodzera uye dose, uchishandisa nzwisiso yezvicherwa, kunoramba kuri dombo guru renzira dzepamusoro dzekubvisa rare earth nekuparadzanisa.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hweLeaching Agent Concentration
Kuziva kwakarurama huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa netsvina kwakakosha pakupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi netsvina. Kuenderana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa netsvina kunoita kuti zvinhu zviburitswe netsvina zvive zvakanaka, kunotsigira kunyungudika kwemaion etsvina asingawanzoonekwi netsvina, uye kunokanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwetsvina mukubvisa zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi netsvina. Nzira dzekuyera zvakananga uye dzekugadzira zvinhu dzakasimba dzinoshandiswa kudzora huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa netsvina, kuderedza kusvibiswa, uye kudzivirira kutambisa zviwanikwa.
Mhedzisiro yeKuisa Mushonga weKubvisa Manyoka paKushanda Zvakanaka kweKuparadzanisa
Kuwanda kwemushonga wekubvisa tsvinachinhu chakakosha pakudzora maitiro ekuparadzanisa zvinhu zve rare earth. Kubatana kwayo zvakananga ne leaching efficiency kunotsigira kubudirira kwekuparadzanisa rare earth muzvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kugadzirisa huwandu hwemumiriri kunosarudza goho rema ions e rare earth anotarisirwa uye sarudzo yenzira yekubvisa solvent yekuparadzanisa rare earth.
Kubatana Kwakananga Pakati Pehuwandu hweAgent uye Kubudirira Kwekubvisa
Kuwedzera huwandu hwe leaching agent kunowanzo wedzera goho re rare earths. Semuenzaniso, magnesium acetate—inoshandiswa mumatombo akachekwa-akachengetwa mu crust—inoita kuti pave nekushanda zvakanaka kwe rare earth extraction inopfuura 91% pachiyero chakanaka, ukuwo ichichengetedza aluminium co-leaching iri pasi pe30% mumamiriro ezvinhu akadzorwa. Kugadzirisa uku kwakakosha pakushandisa nzira dzekubvisa solvent kuparadzanisa nekuchenesa rare earths kubva kuma matrices akaomarara akadai se coal gangue nemarara emaindasitiri. Inorganic acids (semuenzaniso, HCl, HNO₃) zvakafanana zvinoita kuti pave nekushanda zvakanaka pahuwandu hwakatsanangurwa hwe molar (semuenzaniso, kusvika ku12.5 mol/dm³ ye cerium ne lanthanum), kunyangwe kusarudza kuchifanira kuenzaniswa zvakanaka kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwakanyanya.
Simba Pakunyungudika Kwezvinhu Zvisingawanzoonekwi zveNyika Zvakatarwa
Kunyatsoongorora chiyero che leaching agent kwakakosha pakunyungudika kwema ions evhu akasarudzika, kunyanya pakurapa zvinhu zvine tsvina yakawanda isingawanzoitiki. Semuenzaniso, kurapwa kwe rare earth leachate ne citric acid pa 2 mol/L kunoita kuti rare earth inyungudike ne 90% kubva ku phosphogypsum, nenzira yekupindura pamusoro pemvura ichisimbisa huwandu hwe agent senzira huru yekushanda zvakanaka uye kusarudza. Kuwanda kwe agent kwakaderera kunogonawo kushanda zvakanyanya: leaching sequential acid yetsvina yemagetsi uchishandisa 0.2 M H₂SO₄ pa 20°C yakaratidzwa kuti inodzosa kusvika ku 91% ye rare earth, zvichideredza leaching ye aluminum ne iron. Magadzirirwo e batch anoratidza kuti kunze kwe optimum, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe agent kunogona kukurudzira kunyungudika kusingadiwe kwe gangue elements uye kukanganisa kuchena kwechigadzirwa che rare earth.
Mienzaniso yehuwandu: Kuvandudzwa muKuona Kwakarurama uye Kugadzikana kweIon
Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura mumichina yekuburitsa zvinhu zvakasanganiswa kunoratidza kuti kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinosanganisa zvinhu kunokanganisa sei kunyatsoonekwa kwebatch uye kugadzikana kweion-dissolution. Kushandiswa kweLonnmeter-enabled process controls kunobvumira kuyerwa kwenguva chaiyo, huwandu hwe leaching agent concentration uye kugadzirisa zvakananga panguva yekuburitsa zvinhu. Humbowo hwekuyedza hwakaratidza kuti kuwedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosanganisa zvinhu mukati mehuwandu hwakagadziriswa kunotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwakakomba mukugadzikana kwe rare earth ion dissolving profiles uye mukudzoreredza kururama kwe subtle batch variations. Mixed extract methods, dzakadai sekubatanidza ammonium sulfate ne ammonium formate inhibitors, zvinodzvinyirira quantitative dissolved aluminium dissolved, zvichiita kuti mhedzisiro yekuburitsa zvinhu zvinosanganisa ..., zvichibvumira kuti zvinhu zvinyatsobuda zvakanaka uye zvidzokororwe. Pamusoro pezvo, kinetic studies dzakavakirwa pa double electric layer uye chromatographic plate theory models dzinosimbisa kuti optimal agent concentration inoderedza co-leaching uye inowedzera rare earth separation pakutanga kwe solvent extraction process.
Migumisiro Inoshanda uye Kugadzirisa Dosage
Kugadzirisa mwero we leaching agent kwakakosha pakuparadzanisa ma ions epasi akakosha ukuwo kuchideredza njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nedzekushanda. Pakubvisa rare earth solvent, kuchengetedza huwandu mukati mechikamu chakakosha kunodzivirira kusagadzikana kwe ore agglomerates uye chimiro che ore pore, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kusagadzikana kweslope mu in situ mining. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kudarika huwandu hwe 3.5% agent ne magnesium sulfate kunokanganisa chimiro che ore, zvichiwedzera njodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Kusiyana neizvi, huwandu husina kukwana hwe agent hunokonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwe leaching uye kusaparadzaniswa kwe rare earth kusina kukwana. Rutsigiro rwe quantitative modeling, senge response surface analysis uye chromatographic plate theory, inobvumira kugadzirisa kwakanyatsojeka huwandu hwe leaching agent kune imwe neimwe ore kana maindasitiri residue - kuenzanisa kushanda zvakanaka kwe extraction, kuchena kwechigadzirwa, uye kuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro.
Kudzora kwakasimba kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitsa mvura kunotsigira maitiro epamusoro ekuparadzanisa ivhu risingawanzoonekwi, zvichiita kuti ivhu risingawanzoonekwi rive rakakora, rinokwanisa kupora zvakanaka uye rigare zvakanaka pakushandiswa mumaindasitiri.
Nzira dzekubvisa zvinonyungudutsa zveRare Earth Separations
Kubvisa zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa (solvent extraction) inzira huru yekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvenyika zvisina tsarukano, yakagadzirirwa kuparadzanisa nekuchenesa maREE kubva mumisanganiswa yakaoma, yakadai semaore leachates uye zvinhu zvinodzokorodza. Izvi zvinobvumira kutamiswa kwakanangana kwemaion earth rare pakati pezvikamu zvemvura neorganic uchishandisa zvinhu zvakanongedzwa. Kupatsanurwa nekubvisa zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa kunonyanya kukosha nekuti maion akawanda earth rare anoratidza musiyano mudiki wemakemikari, kunyanya pakati pemaion asingasviki (LREEs: La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm) uye heavy rare earths (HREEs: Y, Dy, Tb).
Maitiro uye Kukosha Kwemaindasitiri
Maitiro ekutanga ekuparadzanisa rare earth kuburikidza nekubvisa solvent anosanganisira kubatana kwema rare earth ions nema organic extractants. Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid, Cyanex 272, Cyanex 572, uye PC 88A, anowanzo wedzerwa nema phase modifiers akadai se tributyl phosphate (TBP), anoratidza affinities dzakasarudzwa dze rare earths dzakapihwa. Nekudzora aqueous phase pH, ion exchange, uye extractant types, separation factors dzinogona kuwedzerwa—semuenzaniso, Cyanex 572 nePC 88A uye TBP inopa kupatsanurwa kukuru pakati peSm neLa, nepo Nd nePr zvichiri kuoma nekuda kwe close chemical properties.
Mumaindasitiri, nzira yekuparadzanisa ivhu rare earth yakakosha pakugadzira maREE akachena zvakanyanya anoshandiswa mumagetsi, magineti, uye matekinoroji esimba. Zvirimwa zvinoshandisa macircuit ekuburitsa solvent akawanda, anowanzo shandiswa kuburikidza nekuverenga equilibrium uye process simulation, kuchenesa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kusanganisa zvinhu zvinodiwa. Semuenzaniso, nzira dzekuburitsa solvent dzinoshandiswa kudzoreredza Nd, Pr, uye Dy kubva kumabhatiri akadzokororwa, uko maalgorithms ekugadzirisa mamodheru echikamu (akadai separticle swarm optimization) anotungamira musanganiswa wechikamu chekugadzira goho rakanaka uye kuchena.
Kugadzirisa Mhando Dzakasiyana dzeLeachate Compositions
Kurapa kwe leachate yevhu risingawanzoitiki kunoda kugadziriswa kwemamiriro ekubviswa kwemvura kuti ienderane nekugadzirwa kwechikafu. Kuwanda kwakakwana kwe leachate yevhu risingawanzoitiki, pamwe nekusarudza uye chiyero che extractants, zvakakosha. Kune leachate dzakapfuma mu sulfate kubva ku ion-adsorption ores kana magineti akadzokororwa, phosphorylhydroxyacetic acid (HPOAc) inopa sarudzo yakanyanya yeREEs dzakatarwa. Diluents dzakadai se hexane ne octane, dzakabatana ne D2EHPA kana extractants dzakafanana, dzinoderedza kubviswa pamwe chete kwetsvina isiri yeREE mu leachate ye sulfuric acid.
Kuwanda kweacid stripping reagent uye maturusi eLonnmeter quantification anotsigira kugadzirisa kudzoreredzwa kwemvura, zvichiita kuti ivhu rinyungudike zvakanaka uye kupatsanurwa kunobudirira. Maitiro ekubatanidza maion uye solvent extraction anopa mhinduro dzepamusoro dze rare earth separation process dzemusanganiswa wezvinhu zvakawanda, kunyanya kana tichivavarira kuti pave nekushanda kwakasimba kwekubvisa rare earth nekuderedza kusvibiswa.
Kugadzira Zvinyungudutswa zveMembrane
Kubviswa kweMembrane solvent (MSX) kunounza kufambira mberi kukuru muhunyanzvi hwekubvisa rare earth solvent nekushandisa microporous membranes kudzivirira kufamba kwe extractants. Masisitimu aya anogonesa kutakurwa kwe rare earth ions, zvichiwana mwero wekudzoreredza we90% nema reagents akadai se di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) mu lithium ne rare earth leachates. Ma bio-derived polymer membranes anoshanda ne chelating agents akaratidza kusvika 30% goho rakanaka zvichienzaniswa ne conventional liquid-liquid extraction. MSX inoderedza kurasikirwa kwe reagent uye inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, zvichibatsira mukugadzira rare earth extraction uye separation methods dzakasvibira uye dzinodhura zvishoma. Green solvents, dzakadai se ionic liquids uye deep eutectic solvents, inowedzera kusimba mukuparadzaniswa kwe rare earth.
Kuedza kwekubvisa marara emagetsi kunosimbisa kugona kweMSX kudzoreredza zvinhu zvinosanganisira Dy, Pr, naNd. Kusarudzwa kwakawedzerwa, kutamiswa kwechikamu nekukurumidza, uye kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwe solvent ndiwo mabhenefiti akakosha, zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwekuchengetedza uye kutenderera kwezviwanikwa mukupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zve rare earth.
Kupatsanurwa neKubviswa kweSolvent
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Kubatanidzwa neUpstream Leaching Agent Concentration Control
Kubvisa zvinonyungudutsa zvinobudirira kunoenderana nekudzora kuumbwa kwe leachate yevhu rare earth nekushandisa mushonga we leaching agent. Kusakwana kwe leaching agent kunokonzera kunyungudika kwevhu rare earth, kuderedza goho rekubvisa, nepo leaching agent yakawandisa inogona kugadzira marara akawanda e reagent, kuwedzera kutorwa kwetsvina, uye kusagadzikana kwechikamu chechikamu panguva yekuparadzaniswa kwemvura ne leaching agent.
Munyu weammonium wakagadzirwa pamwe chete nezvinodzivisa tsvina—zvinoiswa mumatombo evhu asina kugadzirwa akachekwa—zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirisa kwemushonga wekubvisa tsvina kunowedzera sei kuchekwa nekuparadzaniswa. Kutevedzera kweThermodynamic (semuenzaniso, P204 inosangana nemafuta emuchu anobhururuka neash) kunotsigira kugadzirisa maparamita ekuburitsa tsvina kuti aenderane nemakemikari ekubvisa tsvina kuti iwane simba rakawanda. Maitiro ekubvisa tsvina kubva muheap leaching kusvika musolvent anosanganisirawo kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemushonga.
Kuwiriranisa kusarudzwa kwemushonga wekukwesha wekumusoro kwemvura uye huwandu hwawo nesarudzo dzemushonga wekukwesha wepasi nechikamu chekugadzirisa zvinhu kunoita kuti pave nekunyungudika kwakasimba uye kuumbwa kwezvikafu zvinodzorwa, zvichivandudza zvakananga goho rekupatsanurana uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Kuyera kwakarurama uye kwenguva chaiyo kwemushonga wekukwesha uye huwandu hwemaion earth earth neLonnmeter instrumentation kunotsigira mafambisirwo aya akabatanidzwa emabasa epamusoro ekuparadzanisa rare earth.
Nzira Dzakasiyana-siyana dzeKuburitsa Zvinhu Dzinosimudzira Ruzivo
Mapuroteni anogadzirwa nemakemikari akagadzirwa nemakemikari akachinja maitiro ekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvepasi zvisingawanzoitiki, zvichiunza mikana mitsva yekudzoreredza zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvakaita se e-waste uye ma industrial leachates. Mapuroteni akaita seLanmodulin akagadzirwa uye akagadzirwa kuti ashande zvakanaka neREE ions, achiratidza kusarudza kunyangwe akaiswa musanganiswa wakaoma une huwandu hwakawanda hwema ions esimbi anokwikwidzana. Hunhu uhwu hwemamorekuru hunopa mukana wakakura kupfuura ma adsorbents emakemikari nemaminerari, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akadai sesimba guru reionic kana nzvimbo dzine acidic, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa murare earth leachate treatment streams. Mapeptides anogadzirwa ne sequence uye mapuroteni asina kufamba, kana akabatanidzwa nema polymers anoshanda kana nanomaterials, anosimudzira kugona kwe adsorption uye process sistability, nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne nanocomposite zvichiwana REE adsorption capacity inodarika 900 mg/g, kunyangwe mu diluted solutions kana process waters.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa rare earth kunoenderana nekugadzikana uye kugona kudzokororwa kweadsorbent. Polymer inogona kushandiswazve uye magnetic adsorbents zvakagadzirwa kuti zvirambe zvakasunga zvakasimba uye zvibvumire kudzokororwa nekukurumidza kwezvinhu zvakatakura. Kugona kudzokororwa kwavo kunoderedza kugadzirwa kwemarara echipiri uye kunotsigira kugara kwenguva refu kwekushanda kwakakosha kune maitiro epamberi ekuparadzanisa rare earth. Semuenzaniso, magnetic composites inobvumira kuparadzaniswa kwe physical adsorbent kubva kune leachates kuburikidza nemagnetism, kuchengetedza mashandiro mukati menguva dzakawanda uye kuchengetedza kunyungudika kwakasimba kwema rare earth ions munzira dzinodzokororwa dzekubvisa uye kuparadzanisa. Masisitimu aya anoshanda zvakanyanya kana akabatanidzwa nenzira yekubvisa solvent yekuparadzanisa rare earth, achitsigira kudzokororwa kwepamusoro kubva kumamagneti akapedzwa uye masara eindasitiri uku achivandudza leaching agent dosage uye achideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Masisitimu anogamuchira tembiricha uye anobatanidza ma reagent anounza simba rekudzora mukupatsanurwa nekubvisa solvent. Masisitimu aya anopindura kuzviratidzo zvekupisa nekuchinja simba rekubatana pakati peadsorbents nema REE ions, zvichiita kuti sarudzo ibude uye kuvandudza kuchena muzvikamu zvakaparadzana. Nzira dzemixed-reagent dzinosanganisa organic ne inorganic solvents kana kugadzirisa pH uye ionic simba kuti igadzirise sarudzo yekubvisa, kudzivirira kunyungudika pamwe chete kwesimbi dzisingadiwe, uye kupa kupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kwe rare earth. Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro akadaro kwakakosha mukupatsanurwa kwe rare earth, zvichiita kuti pave nekuwanda kwe leaching agent kune rare earths, kudzivirira migumisiro yekusakwana kana kuwanda kwe leaching agent mu rare earth processing, uye kusimbisa kutonga kwakasimba kwekushanda.
Zvigadzirwa zve bio-engineering uye zvinogona kudzokororwa, pamwe chete nemasystem anogamuchira tembiricha uye anobatanidza ma reagent, zvinotsigira nzira dzakanakisisa dzekubvisa rare earth nekuparadzanisa dzinodiwa kuti pave nebudiriro inoenderera mberi. Kusanganiswa kwavo kunowedzera kugona kwekushandisa leaching agent, kunonatsiridza kushanda zvakanaka kwekurapa rare earth leachate, uye kunoita kuti rare earth separation ive yakachena zvikuru nekuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kufunga Nezvezvakatipoteredza uye Zvehupfumi
Kugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobvisa tsvina kubva muzvinhu zvisingawanikwe muvhu kunobatsira zvikuru pakuchengetedza nharaunda nehupfumi. Nekugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobvisa tsvina kubva muvhu, mabasa ekubvisa tsvina kubva muvhu asingawanikwe anoramba achishanda zvakanaka ukuwo achideredza huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoisa tsvina kubva muvhu uye migumisiro inokonzereswa nemhepo.
Mabhenefiti Ezvakatipoteredza Ekushandisa Dosing Yakanaka uye Kuparadzaniswa Kwepamusoro
Kugadzirisa huwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa mvura zvinosvibisa mvura zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari, zvichidzivirira zvakananga migumisiro yakaipa yekunyanyisa kushandisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa mvura uye kunyanyisa kushandisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa mvura mukugadzira zvinhu zvinosvibisa mvura. Kana chiyero chakaenzana nechiyero chidiki chekunyungudika kwemaion epasi, kunyungudika kwechipiri kwezvicherwa uye kuburitswa kwechepfu kwezvigadzirwa zvinoderedzwa. Maitiro epamusoro ekuparadzanisa nyika inosvibisa mvura—akadai sekuvandudzwa kwekubvisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa mumvura uye kubviswa kwezvinhu zvinosanganisa membrane—zvinoita kuti pave nekupora kwakasarudzika uye kurasikirwa kwakaderera, zvichideredza kusvibiswa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chezvigadzirwa zvinosvibisa mvura.
Zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa zvakatipoteredza—zvakaita semagnesium acetate, magnesium sulfate, uye organic acids zvakaita secitric acid—zvinoderedza acidization yevhu uye zvinoita kuti pave nekukasika kwekudzoka kwezvakatipoteredza mushure mekubuda kwemvura. Semuenzaniso, kubvisa zvinhu zvinobva mucitric acid hakungoiti kuti pave nekupora kukuru chete asiwo kunotungamira mukudzorerwa nekukurumidza kwemabasa ema enzyme evhu, zvichiratidza kugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekukurumidza mushure mekurapwa kwemvura inonyungudutsa. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti nezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa zvinobva mumagnesium, kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa zvinhu kunoenderana nekusvibiswa kushoma uye njodzi shoma yezvakatipoteredza, sezvakasimbiswa ne zeta potential uye double electric layer analysis. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirisa dosage agent uye nzira dzekubvisa zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa dzinosarudza zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzekubvisa zvinhu zvisina njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.
Kuparadzanisa kwepamusoro nenzira dzekubvisa zvinonyungudutsa—kunyanya idzo dzinoshandisa polymer membranes inoshanda—kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwezvinonyungudutsa zveorganic uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo inonyungudutsa. Masisitimu ehybrid ne membrane-based anowedzera kusarudza nekudzoreredza, zvichideredza zvese zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari uye kugadzirwa kwemarara zvichienzaniswa nematanho echinyakare emixer-settler. Kuvandudzwa uku kwemaitiro kunoita kuti kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo inonyungudutsa zverare earth kuve kwakachena uye kwakachengeteka kune nharaunda.
Kuderedzwa kweKushandiswa kweMakemikoro, Kugadzira Marara, uye Kutevedzera Nharaunda
Kudzora kushandiswa kwemushonga wekubvisa tsvina kunoderedza kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemushonga wekubvisa tsvina uye kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemakemikari akasara muzvinwiwa zvinobviswa. Semuenzaniso, mukurapa kwemushonga wekubvisa tsvina, kupfuura mwero we magnesium sulfate kana kushanda pasi pe pH yakakwana kunokanganisa chimiro cheore, kuburitsa zvidimbu zvidiki uye kuwedzera njodzi yekukundikana kwetsvimbo. Nekuchengetedza mushonga pahuwandu hwakanaka hwakatarwa nenyanzvi, kudzora maitiro kunoderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvakananga uye njodzi dze geotechnical.
Kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera zvakarurama—kusanganisira kunyatsoruramamukatikuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe chetemamita kubva kuLonnmeter—inogonesa kugadzirisa mamiriro ekubviswa kwezvinhu nedata, nokudaro ichideredza makemikari anopinda pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda zvakanaka kwekubviswa kwezvinhu nerare earth. Uyezve, ma adsorbents akagadzirwa ne bioengineering nezvinhu zvinogona kudzokororwa, zvakaita seprotein-based biosorbents uye lignocellulosic waste, zvinoita kuti rare earth idzoke zvachose ukuwo ichitsigira closed-loop cycles iyo panguva imwe chete inoderedza kuburitswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye inoita kuti marara awedzere kukosha.
Kana maitiro epamusoro ekuparadzanisa ivhu risingawanzoonekwi akabatana nekutonga kwakanaka kwezvinoshandiswa pakuburitsa tsvina, kugadzirwa kwemarara panguva yekubvisa nekuparadzanisa kunodzikira zvakanyanya. Kubviswa kwezvinoshandiswa pakunyungudutsa nemembrane, semuenzaniso, hakungogumiri pakuchena kwesimbi uye goho rayo asi kunoderedza zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zvinonyungudutsa neacid zvinowanzoda kurapwa nemarara ane njodzi. Kuderedzwa uku kunoenderana nezvinangwa zvekuchera zvinogara kwenguva refu uye kumanikidzwa kwemutemo kuderedza mutoro wezvakatipoteredza wekuchera ivhu risingawanzoonekwi.
Zvakanakira Zvehupfumi: Kuwedzerwa Kwekushandiswa Kwezviwanikwa Uye Kuderedza Mari Yekushanda
Kukwikwidzana mune zvehupfumi mukubvisa ivhu rakawanda nekuparadzanisa kunoenderana nekushandiswa zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa uye mashandiro asingadhuri. Kugadziriswa kwemuyero wekubvisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa kunoderedza mari yekushandisa zvinhu zvakasvibiswa uye zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa nekubvisa kuwedzerwa kwemakemikari kusingakoshi, ukuwo kugadzikana kwemaitiro kuchidzivirira kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwematombo, nguva yekushanda kwemidziyo, kana kudonha kwemuviri wematombo.
Kuwedzerwa kwekubviswa kwezvinhu zvakasarudzwa kuburikidza nekushandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro yekubvisa zvinonyungudutsa uye membrane kunowedzera kudzoreredzwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvisingawanikwe kubva muzvinhu zvinobuda muvhu—kunyanya kubva muzvinhu zvisina kunaka kana zvakaoma—zvichisimudzira huwandu hwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvisingawanikwe. Kudzora dosage panguva chaiyo nekuda kwemichina yekuyera kuyerainowedzera kugona kudzokororwa kwebasa uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa, zvichisimbisa kudzoka kwehupfumi mukati memaitiro ese.
Kuderedza marara hakungogumiri pakuchengetedza mari zvakananga mukutenga ma reagent asiwo mukugadzirisa, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kugadzirisa zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, mwero wekudzoreredza marara muma hybrid membrane-solvent extraction systems wakakwira uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti pave nekuchengetedza mari yakawanda mu rare earth separation. Saizvozvowo, kuunzwa kwema biosorbents anogona kushandiswazve—achichengetedza basa rawo kwenguva yakati wandei—kunoderedza mari inoshandiswa uye mari yekutarisira marara.
Ongororo yehupenyu hwese inosimbisa kuti kurongeka kwekubatana uye nzira dzepamusoro dzekubvisa zvinhu zvisina kusimba pasi pevhu dzinoratidza kuderera kwemhepo inodziya pasi uye huwandu hwechepfu, nepo kinetic modeling ichiratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirisa uye nguva pfupi yekugara panguva yekupatsanurwa kwevhu risina kusimba. Muchidimbu, kugadzirisa maitiro uye kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji yakachena kunotsigira zvakasimba kuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi nekwezvakatipoteredza mumabasa ekubvisa zvinhu zvisina kusimba pasi pevhu.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Chii chinonzi nzira yekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvepasi zvisingawanzoitiki?
Maitiro ekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvepasi zvisingawanzoonekwi anosanganisira matanho akati wandei ekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvepasi zvisingawanzoonekwi kubva mumisanganiswa yakaoma. Kutanga, zvicherwa kana kuti masara eindasitiri anobviswa, uko chinhu chinobvisa maayoni epasi zvisingawanzoonekwi kuita mhinduro. Kuumbwa kweiyi leachate kunosarudza zvakananga matanho anotevera - nzira dzekusarudza separation dzakadai sekubvisa solvent kana adsorption dzinoshandiswa pakugovana rare earths, zvichibva pakubatana kwavo kwakasiyana kwemakemikari. Maitiro epamusoro ekuparadzanisa rare earth anogona kusanganisira chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane methods, uye bioadsorption kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwekusarudza uye kugara kwenguva refu. Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwemaitiro - emakemikari, emuviri, kana ehupenyu - kunoenderana nekugoverwa kwerare earth kwefeedstock uye zvinodiwa zvekupedzisira zvekuchenesa uye kugadzirisa hupfumi.
Kuwanda kwe leaching agent kunokanganisa sei kushanda zvakanaka kwekuparadzanisa rare earth?
Kuwanda kwezvinobva muzvinhu zvinobuda muvhu kwakakosha mukupatsanurwa kwevhu risingawanzoonekwi. Kuwanda kwezvinobva muvhu kunokonzera kunyungudika kusina kukwana uye kudzoserwa zvakanaka kwezvinobva muvhu risingawanzoonekwi, kutambisa chikafu uye kuderedza goho rezvigadzirwa. Kuwanda kwezvinobva muvhu, kune rumwe rutivi, kunowedzera mitengo yezvinobuda muvhu uye kunogona kunyungudutsa simbi dzisingadiwe, zvichideredza kuchena kwezvigadzirwa. Kuwanda kwezvinobva muzvinhu zvinobuda muvhu kunoderedza kudzoserwa kwakanyanya kwezvinobva muvhu, kusarudza, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid patembiricha yekunze kunogona kusvika ku87% kudzoserwa kwevhu risingawanzoonekwi kubva kuphosphogypsum, nepo munyu wekuwedzera wakaita seammonium kana sodium chloride unowedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Kuenzanisa maitiro uye kuyerwa kwenguva chaiyo—sekushandisa Lonnmeter—kunobatsira kugadzirisa dosage yezvinobva muvhu.
Chii chinonzi rare earth leachate uye nei kuumbwa kwayo kuchikosha?
Rare earth leachate ndiyo mhinduro inogadzirwa mushure mekurapa rare earth bearing feedstock ne leaching agent yakakodzera. Iyi mhinduro ine rare earth ions yakanyungudutswa pamwe nedzimwe simbi kana tsvina. Kuumbwa kwerare earth leachate kunodzora kupatsanurwa nekubvisa solvent uye kunyungudutswa; dhizaini yakanaka inovimbisa kuchena kwakanyanya uye kuchinjirwa kwakasiyana. Leachate dzakapfuma mumakemikari asina kusimba eorganic kana mazinga epH akagadziriswa anovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwe rare earth separation uye kugara kwenguva refu. Kudzora kwakarurama kwe leachate chemistry - kunyanya pH, complexing agent content, uye interrupting metal concentrations - zvinokanganisa zvakananga hupfumi uye sarudzo ye downstream rare earth extraction uye separation methods.
Kupatsanurwa nekubvisa solvent kunoshanda sei mukugadzirisa rare earth?
Kupatsanurwa nekubvisa solvent kunosanganisira kutamisa maion earth earth akanyungudutswa kubva muchikamu chemvura chinobuda mumvura kuenda muchikamu cheorganic solvent uchishandisa zvinhu zvakatorwa. Nzira iyi inoshandisa musiyano mudiki mukudyidzana kwemakemikari pakati pemaion earth earth nema extractants. Nekugadzirisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobuda mumvura, pH, uye kugadzirwa kwe extractant, vashandisi vanowedzera kusarudza uye kudzoreredza mwero. Mapepa ekufambisa ematanho akawanda uye mamodheru ekuenzanisa anoshandiswa kugadzirisa kupatsanurwa—kazhinji kuwana purity pamusoro pe99% yezvinhu zvakaita seyttrium nelanthanum. Kushandisa zvinhu zvakasvibira, zvakaita semasisitimu maviri emvura, kunoderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza pasina kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka muhunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekubvisa solvent yemvura isina mvura.
Chii chinoitika kana chinhu chinobvisa tsvina chisina kukwana kana kuti chakawandisa panguva yekupatsanurwa kwevhu risingawanzoitiki?
Kusakwana kwemushonga wekukwesha kunotadza kunyungudutsa huwandu hunodiwa hwema ions evhu asingawanzoonekwi, zvichikonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwemushonga wekukwesha uye kusakwanisa kudzoreredza. Mushonga wekukwesha wakawandisa unogona kukonzera kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvisina kufanira, kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa, uye kubvisa zvinhu zvisingadiwe pamwe chete, zvichisvibisa chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Uyezve, kuwanda kwakanyanya kana pH isina kukodzera zvinogona kukanganisa ma agglomerates eore, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda kwemugero kana column leaching operations. Humbowo hwekuongorora hunoratidza kudiwa kwekuyera nekudzora kwakarurama—kunyungudika kwakasimba kwema ions evhu asingawanzoonekwi kunowanikwa chete kana huwandu hwemushonga hwakagadziriswa uye pH. Matekiniki akaita seLonnmeter akakosha pakutarisa nekuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemushonga wekukwesha.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-28-2025
