Kuyera huwandu hwewaini chena kwakakosha zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwewaini chena, kunyanya pakuyera huwandu hweshuga panguva chaiyo uye kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwedoro kuti shuga yeBrix ionekwe nekukurumidza panguva yekuvirisa kuti igadziriswe otomatiki, kuderedza kubviswa kwehuwandu ne12–18% uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekunhuhwirira kubva pakunonoka kwekutarisa pasina kushandisa internet.
Kunzwisisa Maitiro Ekugadzira Waini Chena
Kugadzirwa kwewaini chena inzira yakarongwa zvakanaka inoshandura mazambiringa matsva kuita bhodhoro rapera, ichichengetedza kunhuhwirira, kutsva, uye hunhu hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nedanho rega rega rinodzorwa. Rwendo rwunotangira mumunda wemizambiringa, rwunoenderera mberi kuburikidza nekupindira kwehunyanzvi muindasitiri yewaini, uye rwunoguma nekuiswa mumabhodhoro kuchibatsirwa nekushandisa otomatiki yepamusoro.
Kubva pamunda wemizambiringa kusvika pabhodhoro, kugadzirwa kwewaini chena kunotanga nekurima mazambiringa zvichiteverwa nekusarura kubvisa michero isina kunaka. Mazambiringa anodzvanywa zvinyoro-nyoro muzvidhinha zvisina gasi (nesarudzo dzekugadzirisa goho/kujekesa), wozobva wanyatsojekeswa (kuburikidza nekugadzika/kupinza) kubvisa zvinhu zvakaoma. Kuvirisa doro kunoitika pa15–20°C mumatangi anodzorwa netembiricha, nemamita ari mumutsara uye densitometers zvichitarisa kushandurwa kweshuga kubva kudoro kuenda kudoro. Mushure mekuvirisa, waini inogadzika (kudzikamisa kutonhora, kupinza) uye kukura, yozosefa (kudzika/membrane) isati yaiswa mubhodhoro otomatiki - zvichikosha kuchena, kunyatsojeka, uye oxygen shoma.
Waini Chena
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Basa reKudzvanya Mumhando yeJuice neWaini
Kudzvanya mazambiringa pakugadzira waini hakungoburitsi muto chete asiwo maumbirwo awo, mashandiro ema enzyme, uye kunhuhwirira kwekutanga. Kune waini chena, kuparadzanisa muto kubva pamatehwe nembeu nekukurumidza kwakakosha kudzivirira oxidation uye kubviswa kwetannin isingadiwe. Sarudzo pakati pekudzvanya kwekare, maceration, uye inert inokanganisa zvakanyanya kujeka, huwandu hwepolyphenol, acidity, uye kuomarara kwekunhuhwirira. Kudzvanya kwepamusoro kunobvumirawo kutonga kwakanyatsojeka kwekumanikidzwa, kwakagadzirirwa mhando dzemazambiringa uye zvinangwa zvemhando yewaini.
Kugadzirira Mazambiringa: Kudzvanya uye Kujekesa
Maitiro Ekudzvanya Muto weMazambiringa nePneumatic
Kudzvanya mazambiringa pakugadzira waini idanho rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwewaini chena, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kugadzirwa kwemuto uye kunaka kwawo. Michina yekudzvanya (yechinyakare yehydraulic) inoshandisa simba remuviri kubvisa muto wemazambiringa, nepo michina yekudzvanya inoshandisa mweya wakamanikidzwa kana vacuum kudzvanya zvinyoro nyoro. Masisitimu emhepo anobvumira kushandiswa kwekumanikidzwa kwakafanana uye kwakadzorwa, zvichideredza kukuvara kwemafuta akaoma emazambiringa. Izvi zvinoguma nekuwanda kwemuto uye kuchengetedzwa kuri nani kwemakemikari anonhuhwirira uye ruvara, kunyanya zvakakosha mumatanho ekugadzira waini chena anotarisa waini dzemhando yepamusoro.
Michina yepneumatic inopa kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina uye kuchengetedza simba. Inoita kuti kugadzirwa kuitwe nekukurumidza uye inovandudza homogenization yekupisa panguva yekuvirisa, zvakakosha kune hunyanzvi hwepfungwa uye hwehupfumi mumakambani ewaini ane huwandu hwakawanda. Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dze hydraulic nepneumatic dzinoshandiswa pakudzvanya keke re press (pomace), izvo zvinowedzera kudzoreredzwa kwemuto wese uye zvinogona kukanganisa kusimba kwemavara pasina mutsauko mukuru mukugamuchirwa kwevatengi pakati penzira. Kutarisira kwechikamu chemuchina mukudzvanya kwepneumatic, senge kugadzirisa kumanikidzwa nenguva panguva yekutenderera kwega kwega, ikozvino kwave kuzivikanwa nekuwedzera kuburitswa uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemhando.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Goho uye Kuumbwa Kwemakonzo Ezvinonhuwira Munguva Yokudzvanya Juice
Goho, rinotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwemuto wakabviswa pahuwandu hwemazambiringa, hunokonzerwa nehurongwa hwekudzvanya—kusanganisira kumanikidzwa kwakaitwa, nguva yekudzvanya, uye danho rekubviswa kwepomace. Kubviswa kwakakodzera kunoenzanisa goho guru nekuchengetedzwa kwemakemikari anoshanda nekunhuhwirira. Kudzvanya kwakanyanya kunogona kubvisa muto wakawanda asi kunogona kuunza phenolics dzakaoma uye kuderedza kuomarara kwearomatic. Kusiyana neizvi, kudzvanya kwakaderera uye zvishoma nezvishoma kunotsigira kuchengetwa kwema esters, terpenes, nezvimwe zvinopisa, zvichikanganisa maitiro ekuvirisa doro anotevera mukugadzira waini.
Humbowo hwechokwadi hunosimbisa kuti kudzvanywa zvakanaka kwemuchina kana kwemhepo, nekumanikidzwa kwakakodzera uye kudzora nguva, kunogona kuchengetedza zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira zvinodiwa uku kuchidzivirira kutorwa kwephenolic zvakanyanya. Danho iri rinoumba hwaro hwezvinonhuwira zvewaini chena yakapedzwa.
Kujekeswa kweMazambiringa: Nzira dzeKuchera Madhaka, Kuyangarara, uye Nzira dzeCentrifugal
Kujekesa kunobvisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvakasungirirwa kubva mu mazambiringa asati apinda mumatangi ekuvirisa waini. Nzira nhatu huru dzekujekesa mazambiringa dzinoshandiswa:
- Kupwanywa kwevhu (kusagadzikana kwechando):Mazambiringa emuzambiringa anotonhodzwa uye anobvumirwa kuzorora, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvakasimba zvigadzikane negiravhiti. Nzira iyi inoda michina mishoma uye yakakodzera huwandu huri pakati nepakati asi inogona kunonoka—nguva yekugadzika inotangira pamaawa akati wandei kusvika kumazuva. Inokurudzirwa nekuda kwekureruka kwayo uye kupindira kwayo kushoma.
- Kuyangarara:Zvinosanganisira kuisa nitrogen kana mhepo muchinhu chisina chinhu, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvakasimba zvikwire pamusoro kuti zvibviswe. Kuyerera kwemvura kunokurumidza kupfuura kudonha kwemvura uye kwakanakira kugadzirwa kukuru kana kuti kuenderera mberi asi kunoda michina yakasarudzika. Kutorwa kweokisijeni kunogona kuwedzera njodzi dzeokisijeni uye kushandura kunhuhwirira zvishoma nezvishoma, saka dhizaini yesystem nekutarisira kwakakosha.
- Kudzora centrifugation:Inoshandisa kutenderera nekukurumidza kuti iparadzanise zvinhu zvakasimba kubva kune zvakakosha. Iyi tekinoroji inoshanda kune makambani ewaini akawanda anoda kujekeswa nekukurumidza uye zvakakwana. Mari yakawanda yekutanga inoyerwa nekushanda zvakanaka, asi kushandisa zvakanyanya kunogona kubvisa zvinhu zvinokonzera kunhuhwirira kwewaini.
Kuyerera nekudzika kwemvura (flotation) zvinoita kuti mvura inyatsojeka zvakafanana ne sedimentation. Zvisinei, nzira yekujekesa inogona kuchinja huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoputika uye zvinonhuhwirira, zvichiratidza musiyano muzvinhu zvinotanga kunhuhwirira pakushandisa flotation kana static settlement.
Kukanganisa kweGrape Must Clarity paKuvirisa uye Kusasimba
Kujeka kwemazambiringa kunofanira kujeka kunokanganisa zvakanyanya maitiro ekuvirisa doro mukugadzira waini. Kujeka kwakanyanya—kubvisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasimba—kunotsigira kuvirisa kwakasimba, kunowedzera kushanda kwembiriso, uye kunovandudza kudzokororwa kwemhando dzekunhuhwirira dzinodiwa. Kusiyana neizvi, kubviswa zvakanyanya kwezvinhu zvakaoma kunogona kubvisa zvinhu zvinoumba kunhuhwirira uye macolloid akakosha pakukura kwekunhuhwirira kwakaoma uye kunzwa kwemuromo. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba mu waini hahungogumiri pakutonga kushanda kwekuvirisa asiwo hunokanganisa kuchengetedzwa nekuumbwa kwema esters anoputika uye alcohols akakwira, ayo akakosha kune hunhu hwepfungwa dzewaini chena.
Saka, kujekesa kwakakodzera kunofanira kuenzana nekusimbaradzwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha pakunhuhwirira kwewaini uye magadzirirwo ayo. Kusanyatsojeka kunogona kukonzera kusviba zvishoma nezvishoma kana kunhuhwirira kusina kunaka, nepo kuwanda kwazvo kuchigona kukonzera waini dzisina kuomarara. Kufambira mberi mukutarisa nguva chaiyo, senge near-infrared spectroscopy, ikozvino kuri kutungamira kunatsiridza maitiro ekujekesa mazambiringa, zvichigonesa kudzora kwakaringana kune mhando dzewaini dzakanangwa.
Maitiro Ekuvirisa Doro Akadzorwa
Kuvirisa doro mukugadzirwa kwewaini chena kunoshandura shuga yemazambiringa kuita ethanol uye zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzembiriso. Inoitika mumatangi ekuvirisa waini akavharwa mushure mekutorwa kwemuto wemazambiringa uye kujekesa kunofanira kuitwa. Mamiriro ekunze akanyatsojeka uye kutarisa nguva dzose zvinodiwa kuti waini ibude zvakanaka uye ine mhando yepamusoro.
Kuyera uye Kudzora Kuwanda kweShuga
Kuyera huwandu hweshuga kwakakosha usati wabika uye panguva yekuvirisa. Kutevera nemazvo kunobvumira vagadziri vewaini kuti:
- Sarudza kufambira mberi kwekuvirisa.
- Gadzirisa maparamita kuti usabatire kana kunonoka kufashaira.
- Kusvika pahuwandu hwedoro hwakatarwa.
Zvishandiso nenzira zvinosanganisira:
- Ma refractometer edhijitari anobatanidza zviri nyore kumaapplication, zvichipa kuverenga kweshuga nguva dzose kuti udzore mashandiro.
- Maphotometer anopa zviyero zvakanyatsonaka zvekuderedza shuga, zvakakosha pakutarisa matanho ekuvirisa doro.
- Mita yekuyera mukati memutsetseipai ruzivo rwechokwadi mumatangi ekuvirisa waini, zvichibatsira kupindira nekukasika.
Zvishandiso izvi zvinoita kuti otomatiki yekugadzirwa kwewaini iite otomatiki uye zvinochengetedza mamiriro akanaka munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakawanda.
Kutarisa Kuwanda Kwedoro
Kutarisa huwandu hwedoro panguva yekuvirisa kwakakosha pakuita kuti pave nemhando yepamusoro uye kutevedzera mitemo. Miyero yekuyera doro yakaiswa mumidziyo yekuvirisa waini inopa:
- Ruzivo rwakarurama uye rwunoenderera mberi pasina kutora sampuro nemaoko.
- Rutsigiro rwekuona huwandu hwedoro muwaini yakaviriswa uye kutevedzera mitemo yekunyorwa kwechigadzirwa.
Zviyero zvinobva kumasensa emukati—zvakadai sekuyera huwandu hwedoro muwaini—zvinobatsira vagadziri vewaini mukugadzirisa kuvirisa uye kuona kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinowirirana. Nzira dzemifananidzo nerefractory dzinotonga, dzichitsigira kumhanya kwekushanda uye kururama.
Kugadziriswa kweKuviriswa Kwenguva Yechokwadi mumatangi
Munguva yekuvirisa, vagadziri vewaini vanoongorora maitiro ekugadzira uye vanopindira kana zvichidikanwa:
- Ruzivo rwesensa rwenguva chaiyo (shuga, doro, tembiricha, hutano hwembiriso) runotsigira kugadziriswa kweagile.
- Vagadziri vewaini vanogona kudzora tembiricha, kuwedzerwa kwezvinovaka muviri, kana kufefetera kuti mbiriso irambe ichishanda uye kududzira mhinduro dzemanzwiro nemakemikari.
- Masisitimu anoshanda otomatiki anotumira zviziviso uye anoona mafambiro edata ekuita sarudzo neruzivo.
Kudzora nguva dzose mukati mematangi ekuvirisa waini kunochengetedza mamiriro akakodzera ekushanda kwembiriso uye kunobatsira kudzivirira mhedzisiro isingadiwe senge kuvirisa kwakanamatira kana kunhuhwirira kushoma. Kubatanidzwa kwezvishandiso zvemazuva ano, masensa network, uye maapplication otomatiki kunoita kuti kuve nekugona kwekutonga kwekuvirisa doro mukugadzira waini.
Kuyera uye Kutarisa Zviri Mudoro
Kuyera nguva dzose huwandu hwedoro mukugadzirwa kwewaini chena kwakakosha mushure mekuvirisa. Kuziva Doro Nehuwandu (ABV) padanho iri kunosimbisa kuti shuga yashanduka kuita ethanol zvizere uye kunopa ruzivo rwakakosha rwemhando uye kutevedzera mitemo. Vagadziri vewaini vanowanzo yera huwandu hwedoro kana kuvirisa kuchiita sekunge kwapera, vachishandisa kuverenga kuti vaone kana kugadziriswa kwechipiri sekudzikamisa waini kunoda kana kusimbisa kugadzirira kwekuiswa mumabhodhoro. Izvi zvinovimbisa kugara zvakanaka kwechigadzirwa mumabheti ese uye kutevedzera maitiro ewaini akatsanangurwa.
Nzira Nezvishandiso Zvekuyeresa Doro
Nzira dzechinyakare dzinosanganisira maturusi akadai semahydrometers nemarefractometers. Maturusi aya anoshanda nekuyera huremu hwewaini, achienzanisa huremu hwewaini isati yaviriswa uye yapera kuviriswa kuti averenge ABV. Kuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kubata sampuro kwakakosha kuti zvive zvakarurama. Semuenzaniso, kuverenga hydrometer kunogona kuratidza kuti kuviriswa kwapera riini; huremu hwakagadzikana kwemazuva akati wandei hunoratidza kuti shanduko yeshuga yapera.
Kufambira mberi kwakaunza maturusi akavakirwa pa spectroscopy uye mita dzemvura dzine alcohol concentration, zvichibvumira kutariswa panguva chaiyo. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy inopa kuongororwa kunogara kuripo, kusingaparadze kwemakemikari akadai se ethanol, kunyangwe panguva yekugadzira pasina kutora sampuro nemaoko. Inline alcohol metres—kusanganisira digital smart alcoholmeters inovandudzwa nekudzidza kwakadzama uyeMiyero yeCoriolis mass flowmeters—zvino ita kuti kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwedoro kuenderane nezviri mumudziyo wekuvirisa kana masisitimu ekusefa waini zvive nyore, zvichibatanidzwa zvakanaka ne otomatiki yemuchina wekugadzira waini uye matangi emazuva ano ekuvirisa waini.
Tangi reKuvirisa Waini Chena
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Mabhenefiti eInline Concentration Meters
Mamita ekuisa zvinhu mumutsetse anopa mabhenefiti akakosha akawanda kupfuura kuyera nemaoko:
- Ruzivo Rwenguva Yechokwadi Runoenderera Mberi:Kutevera otomatiki kunoita kuti vagadziri vaone kutsauka nekukurumidza, zvichideredza njodzi yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvisina kutsanangurwa.
- Kushanda Nesimba Kwemaitiro Uye Kudzora:Kugadzira otomatiki kunoita kuti kugadzirwa kuve nyore, sezvo kugadzirisa tembiricha, nguva, kana zvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvinogona kuitwa zvichibva pakuverengwa kwedoro mhenyu.
- Kururama Kwakawedzerwa:Masensa akangwara anoshandiswa nekudzidza kwemuchina anoderedza zvikanganiso zvekuyera, zvichiwedzera kunyatsojeka kwevagadziri vadiki nevakuru.
- Kuderedzwa Kwebasa uye Chikanganiso Chemuenzaniso:Kubvisa vanhu kubva pabasa rekuongorora kunoderedza mikana yekusvibiswa kana kusayerwa zvakanaka.
Semuenzaniso, inline Brix systems inoyera huwandu hweshuga nedoro, zvichiita kuti mhinduro dzikurumidze kana kuvirisa kukasashanda kana kuti kukasiyana neABV yaunoda.
Kuyerwa kweInline Concentration kweKuongorora Hunhu Hunoenderera Mberi Munguva Yekurongedza
Tekinoroji dzekuyera huwandu hwewaini dzakakosha zvikuru mukusimbisa hunhu hwewaini nguva dzose panguva yekurongedza waini. Mita yekuongorora waini yeLonnmeter inogonesa kuyerwa kwewaini panguva chaiyo uye inofanira kuyera zvakananga mukati memutsetse wekugadzira, kusanganisira shuga, doro, uye masara emushonga wekuchenesa.
Kugara uchitarisa huwandu hwewaini inogadzirwa newaini yakajeka uye ine doro chete ndiyo inopinda mumutsara wekuzadza. Inoderedza marara nekudzivirira kuputirwa kwezvinhu zvisina kutsanangurwa mubhodhoro uye inotsigira nzira dzekuchenesa otomatiki nekuona shanduko pakati pechigadzirwa nechinwiwa chinoshandiswa mukuchenesa (CIP). Makambani ekugadzira waini emazuva ano anoshandisa matekinoroji aya kusimudzira mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa, kuderedza mari yekushandisa, uye kuvimbisa mhando yebhodhoro rega rega.
Masisitimu aya ekusefa nekuyera epamusoro akakosha mumatanho emazuva ano ekugadzira waini chena, zvichiita kuti rwendo kubva pakusvina mazambiringa kusvika pakuvirisa doro, kudzikamisa kutonhora, uye kuputira mabhodhoro ekupedzisira zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvekuchengetedza.
Kugadzirisa otomatiki uye Kugadzirisa Maitiro neInline Concentration Meters
Miyero yekuyera waini yakachena yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwewaini chena, ichipa ruzivo rwechokwadi uye rwechokwadi nezvematanho akakosha kubva pakudzvanya mazambiringa kuti agadzire waini kusvika pakuiswa mumabhodhoro. Midziyo iyi inoyera zviyero zvakaita seshuga, doro, uye acid nguva dzose, zvichiita kuti idzore zvakakwana uye iite nekukurumidza panguva yekugadzira waini.
Nheyo uye Mashandiro Ekugadzira Waini
Mita dzekuongorora doro dzinoshanda nekuyera refractive index, density, sound velocity, kana infrared absorption yewaini painoyerera nemumapaipi nemidziyo. Mita dzekuongorora doro dzinoshandura shanduko dzezwi kuita mayuniti akaita se °Brix, °Oechsle, zvichiratidza zvakananga huwandu hweshuga yakanyungudutswa mugrape must newaini. Mamwe mamita anoshandisa machubhu anotenderera kana IR spectroscopy kuyera huwandu hwedoro neasidhi, zvichiita kuti zviyero zvakakosha zvemhando yepamusoro zvitevedzwe kubva pakugadzirira doro kuburikidza nemaitiro ekuvirisa doro kusvika pakugadzikana kwechando nekusefa.
Kugadzira Masisitimu Ekuyera Mutsetse weKuwanikwa kweData Munguva Yechokwadi
Kushandisa tekinoroji yekuyera mukati kunotanga nekusarudza mhando dzakakodzera dzemasensa—marefractometer eshuga, IR spectroscopy yehuwandu hwephenolic nealcohol, electronic noses yekuona acid, uye density/sound velocity analyzers yekuyera alcohol yekupedzisira. Kuisa zvishandiso kwakakosha: mamita anoiswa panzvimbo dzakakosha senge mushure mekutorwa kwemuto wemazambiringa wewaini, pakutanga nepakupera kwematanho ekuvirisa doro, uye masisitimu nematekinoroji ekuchenesa waini isati yasvika/yapera.
Kuenzanisa kwakakosha. Masensa anofanirwa kutariswa achishandisa mhinduro dzakajairwa kana vaongorori verabhoritari vasati vashandisa uye nguva nenguva panguva yekushanda. Mamita emazuva ano ane kubhadharisa tembiricha uye magadzirirwo anotsigira zvidimbu kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yakarurama pasinei nekuchinja kwetembiricha kana zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa mu must. Kubatanidzwa nedhijitari displays, PLCs, kana SCADA kunogonesa kuona nekukurumidza, trending, uye kugadzirisa maalarm kana miganhu yakakosha ikatyorwa.
Semuenzaniso, mita dzemusanganiswa dziri mukati dzinopa kuverenga kwe°Brix panguva chaiyo sezvo mazambiringa akadzvanywa anofanira kupinda mumatangi ekuvirisa, zvichibvumira vashandisi kuisa zvinangwa zvekuvirisa uye kutevera kufambira mberi pasina kunonoka kwekutora sampuli.
Kubatanidza Automation Kuderedza Zvikanganiso uye Kuwedzera Kuenderana
Kana masensa ari mumutsara atanga kushanda, ruzivo rwavo runoramba ruchienderera mberi runogona kutungamira otomatiki kuti process optimization ivepo. MaPLC nemaDCS systems anogamuchira zviyero zvekuyera zvakananga, zvichikonzera zviito zvekudzora: kugadzirisa otomatiki tembiricha mukuvirisa, kuyera waini chena, kana kuchinja nzira dzekuyerera panguva yematanho ekusefa.
Zvigadziriso zvepamusoro zvinobatanidza data re sensor muzvidimbu zvemhinduro. Kana kuverenga kweshuga mukati memutsara kukapera pakupera kwekuvirisa doro, sisitimu inogona otomatiki kukurudzira kutonhodza, kurongedza, kana kutanga kusefa. Munguva yekunatsa waini chena uye kugadzikana kwechando mukugadzira waini, kuwanda kwewaini panguva chaiyo kunobatsira kuchengetedza nharaunda dzakakodzera dzemakemikari, kuderedza kupindira nemaoko uye kugadzirisa mhedzisiro yebatch.
Kubatanidzwa kwakadaro kunoderedza zvikuru kukanganisa kwemushandisi, kunoita kuti pave nekudzokororwa kwakasimba pakati pemabheti, uye kunoderedza njodzi yekutsauka kwemaitiro, kuora, kana kuti kusingatarisirwi.
Zvikumbiro kubva pakugadzirira kunofanira kuitwa kusvika pakubhotorora
Mita dzekuongorora waini chena dziri mumutsetse dzinoshandiswa pamatanho ese ekugadzira waini chena:
- Kugadzirira Mazambiringa: Kuyera huwandu hweshuga mumuto wemazambiringa panguva yekutorwa, kutsigira sarudzo dzekukohwa uye kuverenga kwekutanga kwekuvirisa.
- Kuvirisa Doro: Kutarisa kudzikira kweshuga panguva chaiyo uye kuwedzera kwedoro. Chirongo chekuvirisa waini chinobatsirwa nekutevera kwakarurama, saka maitiro ekuvirisa doro haapfuuri kana kupfuudza.
- Kupedzisa uye Kugadzikana kweCold: Kugadzirisa kuwedzerwa kwezvinonhuhwirira zvewaini chena uye kudzora maitiro ekunaya kwemvura nekutevera kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura.
- Kusefa uye Kuisa Mabhodhoro: Kusimbisa kuumbwa kwewaini mushure memazambiringa kunofanira kujekeswa uye panguva yekusefa; kugadzirisa shanduko dzechigadzirwa pamutsetse wekugadzira waini, kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapana kusanganiswa kana kurasikirwa panguva yekuchinja.
- Kutevedzera Mutemo uye Kunyora Mazita: Kuziva huwandu hwedoro mushure mekuvirisa uchishandisa zvishandiso zvinoyera huwandu hwedoro muwaini—zvakakosha pakunyorwa uye kutumirwa kunze kwenyika.
Mienzaniso inosanganisira kushandisa density-based inline analyzer kuti ione kuti kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwedoro muwaini neshuga yasara kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvemutemo uye zvemagadzirirwo vasati vaisa mubhodhoro. Chimwe chiitiko: IR spectrometers inosimbisa kupedzwa kwakabudirira kwemaitiro ekudzivirira kutonhora kwewaini nekuona magumo emvura yetartrate pasina kupindira nemaoko.
Matekinoroji aya, akavakirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nematanho ekusefa waini uye anogona kukura kubva mudura diki kusvika kumitsetse yekuzadza waini otomatiki, ari kuchinja kuvimbika kwemhando yepamusoro uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemabasa mumafekitori ewaini emazuva ano.
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinonaka uye zvinonhuhwirira zvirimo
Kuyera huwandu hwewaini yakachena nenzira chaiyo kwakakosha pakugadzirisa zvinhu zvinoputika uye zvinonhuhwirira. Mamorekuru aya ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera kunzwa kwewaini, kusanganisira kunhuhwirira kwayo uye kunaka kwayo.
Miyero yekuyera waini chena inoshandiswa mumatanho akakosha ekugadzira waini chena—sekudzvanya mazambiringa ekugadzira waini, kubvisa muto wemazambiringa, uye maitiro ekuvirisa doro mukugadzira waini—inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pemakemikari akadai seesters, alcohols yakakwira, uye acids.
Ukama Pakati Pekunyanya Kuisa Pfungwa, Kusagadzikana, uye Makemikoro Anonhuhwirira
Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hweshuga nemaacids mumazambiringa uchishandisa inline concentration metres kwakabatana zvakananga nekuumbwa kwe volatile panguva yekuvirisa alcohol. Semuenzaniso, kuyera huwandu hweshuga kunokanganisa kugadzirwa kwema esters akadai se isoamyl acetate ne ethyl hexanoate. Shuga yakawandisa inogona kudzvinyirira aroma esters chaiyo, nepo nzira dzekuvirisa dzakagadzirwa ne fed-batch dzichibvumira kugoverwa kweshuga kwakadzorwa, zvichiwedzera kugadzirwa kwe ester uye kuderedza acetic acid isingadiwe.
Kupindira panguva yakakodzera—sekuwedzera sulfur dioxide—kunochinja nzira yekuvirisa, kuchigadzirisa kugadzirwa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari akakosha anonhuhwirira. Maitiro ekujekesa uye kupenya, akavakirwa pakuyera panguva chaiyo, anowedzera kuderedza makemikari akaita secatechin, zvichideredza kuvava uye kunaka kusingafadzi.
Mhedzisiro yeKudzora Mukati Memaitiro Pamhedzisiro Yekunzwa
Kudzora kwakanyatsojeka panguva yekugadzirwa kwewaini chena kunoumba chimiro chekupedzisira chekunaka kwayo. Semuenzaniso:
- Kugadziriswa kweasidhi kunoitwa panguva yekuvirisa kunogona kukanganisa kuvava kwewaini uye kuenzana kwayo. Kuwedzera asidhi kunonoka kunowanzova nemigumisiro yakanyanya, kunyanya mushure mekuvirisa waini.
- Maitiro ekugadzira ganda—nguva uye nguva—anogona kuwedzera kunhuhwirira kunodiwa, kunyanya terpenes uye michero. Kusangana kweganda risati raviriswa kunowedzera kusimba kwemaruva nemichero, nepo ganda risati raviriswa rinogona kusundidzira ruzivo rwekunzwa kune kuoma kukuru, dzimwe nguva zvichikanganisa kutsva.
- Kugadzikana kwechando mukugadzira waini, kuchinyatsoongororwa kuburikidza nemamita emukati, kunochengetedza hwema hunoshanduka hunonzwa kutonhora kana tembiricha yachinja.
Masisitimu ekusefa waini uye matekinoroji epamusoro ekusefa anobvisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvisingadiwi uye anoderedza mhute, asiwo anoisa njodzi yekubvisa zvinhu zvinoputika kana zvikasagadziriswa nemazvo. Tekinoroji yekuongorora maitiro yakavakirwa mumatanho ekuita kusefa inobatsira kuchengetedza kujeka pasina kukanganisa kunhuhwirira.
Kushandisa Data rekuongorora kufanotaura nekuvandudza hunhu
Ruzivo rwekuongorora rwakaunganidzwa kuburikidza nematekiniki ekujekesa waini, kutarisa midziyo yekuvirisa, uye mamodheru ekufanotaura ekugadzira waini. Mapuratifomu akadai seFlavorMiner, achishandisa tsananguro dzemamolecular graph, anofungidzira hunhu hwepfungwa—senge nzungu, muchero, uye hunhu husina kunaka—nekunyatsojeka. Maalgorithms ekudzidza kwemuchina anoshandiswa kuUV-Vis spectrophotometry data anoisa waini kubva pamavambo ayo uye hunhu hwemuto wemazambiringa muzvikamu zvakavimbika kupfuura 91%.
Nekuisa chiyero chemukati chehuwandu hwewaini panzvimbo imwe neimwe yekushanda, vagadziri vewaini chena vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti maitiro avo anodzorwa nenguva chaiyo, kuchengetedza zvinodiwa nemutemo zvakasimba, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro avo kubva pamazambiringa kusvika kugirazi.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeapi matanho makuru ekugadzira waini chena?
Maitiro ekugadzira waini chena ane matanho akati wandei akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kutsva nekunhuhwirira. Anotanga nekusarudza mazambiringa pakuibva kwakakwana, achinyanya kutarisa shuga, acidity, uye hwema. Mazambiringa anokohwewa nemaoko kana nemichina, zvichienzanisa kunaka kwemazambiringa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira. Tevere, mazambiringa anopwanywa uye anodzvanywa; kudzvanywa zvinyoro-nyoro kunodzivirira kubviswa kwephenolic zvakanyanya, kuchengetedza kujeka uye kuenzana. Muto wemazambiringa unobviswa unoongororwa, uchishandisa zvinogadzirisa kana zvinobvisa tsvina kubvisa zvinhu zvakaoma.
Mushure mekujekeswa, maitiro ekuvirisa doro anoitika mumidziyo yekuvirisa inodzorwa nekupisa. Matangi ekuvirisa waini anochengetedza 13–18°C, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza kunhuhwirira. Kuvirisa kunopera kana shuga yashanduka kuita doro, zvichigadzira chimiro uye hunhu hwewaini. Kudzikamiswa kwechando kunotevera, kudzivirira kunaya kwekristaro muwaini yakabhoderwa nekupisa waini isati yasvinwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti waini inyatsojeka uye igare zvakanaka. Maitiro ekuchenesa waini chena anotevera; zvinhu zvakaita sebentonite, casein, uye PVPP zvinobvisa mapuroteni asingadiwe kana phenolics. Mushure mekusvinwa, masisitimu ekusefa uye matekinoroji anobvisa zvidimbu zvasara, zvichiita kuti waini ive yakachena uye yakagadzikana. Kuisa mubhodhoro kunoitika munzvimbo dzakanyatso tarisirwa dzinoganhurira oxygen nekupisa, zvakakosha kuti ive itsva uye igare kwenguva refu.
Sei kudzvanya mazambiringa kuti uwane muto kuchikosha pakugadzira waini chena?
Kudzvanya mazambiringa pakugadzira waini kunoburitsa muto unodiwa pakuvirisa. Kudzvanya uye nzira yacho zvinokanganisa zvakananga goho, kuravira, uye kujeka. Kudzvanya kwakanyanya kunogona kuburitsa ma phenolics anovava uye kukanganisa ruvara, ukuwo kudzvanya zvinyoro nyoro kunoburitsa muto wakachena. Semuenzaniso, kudzvanya mazambiringa eChardonnay mudunhu reFranciacorta muItaly kunoitwa nokungwarira kuti acidity, kunhuhwirira, uye musanganiswa wemusanganiswa unofanirwa kuenzana. Kusarudza mamiriro akakodzera kunoita kuti kutorwa kwemuto wemazambiringa wewaini kuenderane nerudzi rwewaini uye kunokurudzira kuenderana kwemhando dzakasiyana dzewaini.
Ko huwandu hwedoro hunoyerwa sei panguva yekugadzira waini?
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvishandiso zvinoona kuyera huwandu hwedoro muwaini. Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwedoro muwaini zvinosanganisira mita dzemushonga wedoro dzinobatwa nemaoko, mita dzemushonga wekugadzira waini, densitometers, uye mita dzemushonga. Mita dzemushonga we ...
Chii chinonzi kugadzikana kwechando mukugadzira waini?
Kudzikamisa waini nechando mukugadzira waini inzira yekuiswa mubhodhoro isati yagadzirwa kuti idzivirire kuumbwa kwekristaro yetartrate. Waini inotonhorera—kazhinji iri pasi petembiricha yemukamuri—saka potassium bitartrate yakawandisa inodonha isati yaiswa mubhodhoro. Danho iri rinokosha kune waini chena, sezvo makristaro anooneka anogona kukanganiswa nevatengi. Kudzikamisa waini nechando kunochengetedza kujeka kwekuona uye kugadzikana kwemanzwiro. Nzira itsva dzekusimbisa waini nechando, dzakadai se plasma polymerization coatings, dzinogonesa kudzikamisa waini pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba. Dzimwe nzira dzakadai se carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) uye metatartaric acid dzinowanzo shandiswawo, dzimwe nguva dzichiita kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare mukuchengetedza phenolic neruvara rwakanaka.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakunatsa waini chena?
Zvinosanganisa waini chena zvinosanganisira bentonite, gelatin, casein, uye PVPP. Bentonite, ivhu, inobvisa mapuroteni ane hutsi. Gelatin necasein mapuroteni anobva kumhuka anoshandiswa kuderedza kuvava uye kujekesa waini. PVPP, polymer yakagadzirwa, inonanga makemikari ephenolic kuderedza kusviba uye kuwedzera kugadzikana. Kusarudzwa kwavo kunoenderana nematambudziko chaiwo ewaini - hutsi, kuvava, kana ruvara - uye mhedzisiro inodiwa. Zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita semarasha, mapuroteni epizi, uye chitin derivatives, pamwe necomposite blends, zvinopa dzimwe nzira dzisina allergen uye dzinogara kwenguva refu. Kushandiswa kwavo kuri kuwedzera, kunyanya pakugadzira waini kubva kumazambiringa akaora kana apo zvinodiwa nevatengi nemitemo zvinoda zvinhu zvisiri zvechinyakare. Kushanda kwemushonga wega wega kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekugadzira waini chena, matrix yewaini, uye polyphenolic profile.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-19-2025
