Kuyera huwandu hwemvura mumutsetse kwakakosha pakugadzirwa kweacetonitrile (methyl cyanide). Kusagadzikana kwakanyanya kweAcetonitrile uye kusawirirana kwakakwana nemvura, zvinoda ruzivo rusingaperi kuti solvent idzoke zvakanaka uye goho rishande zvakanaka.
Kuwanda kwemakemikari ari mukati kunoderedza zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kurasikirwa kwezvinhu munzvimbo dzinogadzirwa nguva dzose. Kuyera nguva chaiyo kwakakosha pakusimbisa mhando yeAPI, kudzoreredza zvinonyungudutsa, uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kubva mukutarisira zvigadzirwa zve neonicotinoids.
Chii Chinonzi Neonicotinoids
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Kuyerera Kwemaitiroof AcetonitrileKugadzirwa
Kugadzirwa kweacetonitrile (methyl cyanide) mumaindasitiri kunoenderana nenzira nhatu huru: condensation reaction, nucleophilic substitution, uye ester exchange. Nzira huru ibumbiro reacrylonitrile, rinoda fractional distillation kuti riparadzaniswe. Kuunganidzwa kweacetaldehyde zvakananga neammonia nemhepo pamusoro pebismuth molybdate kunogadzira acetonitrile, asi ine mugove mudiki nekuda kwegoho shoma.
Kutsiva nucleophilic kunoshandisa haloethanes necyanides, zvichipa CH₃CH₂CN, asi hazviwanzoitiki pahuwandu hwezvinhu izvi nekuda kwenjodzi dzekudya uye kushanda kwemari shoma. Kuchinjana kweEster, senge methanolysis yeacetamide, kune goho diki mumaindasitiri. Kufashaira kweAcetonitrile (81.6°C) uye kusanganiswa kwakazara nekupatsanurwa kwemvura—kuyera inline density kunogadzirisa matanho ekudzokororazve uye kuchenesa.
Acetonitrile inokosheswa semusanganiswa wepolar aprotic mukugadzirwa kweorganic intermediate uye API, ine mabasa akakosha mukugadzira zvipembenene zve neonicotinoid. Kutarisira solvent nemazvo kunowedzera kuchena, goho, uye kuchengetedzeka mukushandiswazve kwecrystallization uye kugadzirwa kwemusanganiswa wepasi.
Kutarisa Kuwanda KwevanhuMatambudzikomuAcetonitrileKugadzirwa
Kukurumidza kwekuita kinetics mukugadzirwa kweacetonitrile kunoda kutariswa panguva chaiyo kuti kutarisise kukurumidza kwekuita uye transient intermediates. Maitiro ekuita kwe condensation, akadai seari munzira dze ammoxidation, anoda mhinduro nekukurumidza nekuda kwekupisa uye kushushikana kwekumanikidzwa. Zvikafu zvinoshanduka kubva kuzvinhu zvinogadziriswazve uye zvezvisaririra zvinounza shanduko muhuwandu hwe methyl cyanide, zvichikanganisa matanho ekudzika. Kuyerwa kwe inline density kunoona shanduko idzi nekukurumidza, zvichichengetedza huwandu hwezvinangwa kunyangwe ne bioethanol kana ammonia tsvina.
Kudzora kwakanyatsonaka kwe solvent kwakakosha mumatanho ekugadzirazve crystallization kuti pave nekuchena, sezvo kusanganiswa kwe acetonitrile nemvura kunokanganisa nyore nyore kupatsanurwa kwemasero ne 5–10%. Acetonitrile chaiyo se polar aprotic solvent yakakosha pakugadzirwa kwezvipembenene zve neonicotinoid, uko kutsauka kwe 0.5% muhuwandu hwezvinhu kunogona kuderedza goho rezvigadzirwa kusvika ku 3%. Kuyera kwakadzika kunodzivirira mabheti e off-spec mu continuous flow systems, zvichideredza marara e solvent kusvika ku 8% uye kuderedza zviitiko zve downstream reprocessing.
maumbirwo emakemikari emishonga yezvipembenene inowanzo shandiswa neonicotinoids
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Maitiro Ekuyera Kuwanda Kwevanhu Mukati
Mamita ekudzikisana kwemasero akafanana nechubhu inodedera uye masensa akavakirwa paCoriolis anopa data rinogara richienderera mberi, panguva chaiyo pamusoro pehuwandu hweacetonitrile panguva yekugadzira organic. Mamita ekudzikisana kwemakemikari kubva kuLonnmeter anoenderana zvakananga nehunhu hweacetonitrile, achitsigira otomatiki pasina kutora sampuro nemaoko. Aya masensa ekudzikisana anoshanda pasi pemamiriro ekupisa akasimba uye kuyerera kwakajairika mukuita kwemvura inodziya uye maitiro ekuchinjana kwemasero.
Mamita ekuyera huremu hwechubhu inodedera anoyera pakati pemvura, zvichipa kururama kwe±0.001 g/cm³ kunyangwe paine zvinhu zvinoshanduka zvakaita seacetonitrile. Zvishandiso zveCoriolis zvinopa huremu huviri uye kuyerera kwemvura. Zvese zvinotsungirira tembiricha dzinowanzo bva pa -20°C kusvika 120°C uye kumanikidzwa kwepaipi kusvika ku3 Mpa. Zvishandiso izvi zvinochengetedza huremu hwekushanda pakubata kushanduka kwakanyanya kweacetonitrile uye zvinokanganisa zvachose nemvura.
Kuyera kwakafanana kwemukati kunogadzirisa huwandu hwekudya mukuchinjana kwe nucleophilic, kunovhara feedback loops mukuchinjana kwe ester, uye kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwegoho kubva kumabheti asina kutsanangurwa. Kutarisa kwakabatana kunogonesawo kugadzirwa kweAPI kwakasimba uye kunotsigira zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuchena mukugadzirwa kwemishonga ne neonicotinoid.
Mabhenefiti ekubatanidza Inline Density/Concentration Meters
Mamita ekudzikisa huwandu hwezvinhu anogonesa kuona nekukasika kutsauka kwemaitiro mukugadzirwa kweacetonitrile, zvichitsigira kuchena kunoramba kuripo uye kuderedza kunonoka kwekugadziriswa. Kuyerwa kwemukati kwenguva chaiyo kunotsigira hunhu hweacetonitrile chaihwo hunodiwa kuti pave nekugadzikana kwakarurama uye kutsiva nucleophilic. Kudzora kuzara kwakasimba kunodzivirira chigadzirwa chisina kutsanangurwa panguva yekugadzira methyl cyanide, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwezvinhu kusvika ku15% zvichienzaniswa nekutorwa kwesampuli pasina kunyorwa.
Zvishandiso zveLonnmeter zvinobatana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara, zvichichengetedza kubuda kwakavimbika panguva yekuchinjana kwe ester nekukurumidza kana kuti solvent-rich phases. Kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa panguva yekudzokorora matanho ecrystallization kunochengetedza kuchena kwechigadzirwa, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa kweorganic kusvika pagoho rinopfuura 98%. Kuyerera kwedata kwakarurama kunopa mukana wekutarisira solvent yakasimba, zvichideredza njodzi yekusvibiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga inoshanda (API).
Mukugadzirwa kwezvipembenene zveneonicotinoids, huwandu hwakagadzikana hweacetonitrile hunowedzera kugona kwekuita uye hunodzvinyirira kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa zvisingadiwe. Kuyera kwakadzika kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakabatana nekugadzirwa kweneonicotinoid nekupa kutevedza kwakarurama kwezvinonyungudutsa, zvichibatsira kutevedzera mitemo uye kushanda nesimba.
Gadzirisa Matambudziko Ekuva Nehuwandu Hwakawanda in AcetonitrilePkugadzirwa
Kumbira mutengo wakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu uye kusimbisa kudzora kugadzirwa kweacetonitrile, kusanganisira hunhu nekushandiswa kwemethyl cyanide, polar aprotic solvent applications, uye zvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza zvemaitiro e neonicotinoid.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-27-2026
