Kuyera kuyerera kweHFO kwakanyatsokosha. Muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa mafuta akawanda, kuyerwa kwekufamba kwemafuta kwakavimbika kunovimbisa kudzora kupisa uye kuenzana kwesimba, kuderedza marara uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Mukugadzirisa kutengeserana kwemafuta, kuverenga kwakarurama kwehuwandu nehukuru kunotsigira kutengeserana kwese kwemari pakati pevatengi nevatengesi. Kusiyana, kunyangwe kudiki, kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura yemari tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwakawanda hunobatanidzwa. Mabasa emugungwa, anowanzo vimba neHFO yekufambisa uye simba rekubatsira, anoenderana nekuyera kwakakodzera kuchengetedza kutevedzera mitemo, kugadzirisa mashandiro einjini, uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni nhema - chinhu chikuru chinonetsa zvakatipoteredza. Mukupisa kwemaindasitiri, kuyerwa kwekufamba kwenguva uye chikafu kunodzivirira michina uye kunobvumira kupisa kunogoneka, kuchengetedza mhando yechigadzirwa uye kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chinoshandisa mafuta
*
Kuyerwa Kwemafuta Anorema
Mafuta ane mafuta akawanda (HFO) chigadzirwa chepetroleum chinobva muzvimedu zvine zvinhu zvakasiyana: kusimba kwakanyanya, kusimba kwakanyanya, kuwanda kwesarufa, uye kuomarara kwemakemikari. Rudzi urwu rwemafuta runogadzirwa kubva muzvikamu zvepasi panguva yekudistillwa kwemafuta asina kuchena. Kusimba kweHFO kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mafuta akareruka, uye hunhu hwayo hwekuyerera hunoenderana nekupisa—inova yakasimba patembiricha yemumba asi inonyorova zvakakwana kuti ipombe uye itsve kana yapiswa zvakanaka. Kubatwa kwayo kunoomeswawo nemaitiro ekuumba emulsions dzakagadzikana, kusimba kwakakosha, uye kuvapo kwezvikamu zvisinganyunguduke uye asphaltenes. Hunhu uhwu hunokanganisa zvakananga kuchengetwa, kutamiswa, uye kuyerwa kwakarurama kwemafuta ane mafuta akawanda, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinoda simba.
Kuyera kuyerera kwemvura yakawanda—zvichishandisa matekinoroji akadai seCoriolis metres—kwave kuri chiyero chepamusoro cheHFO nekuti ndicho chinotarisa kuchinja-chinja kwemvura.tembirichauyekuwandaZvinokanganisa kuyerera kwehuwandu hwemvura. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemuchina wekuyeresa mvura zvinobudirira kunodawo ruzivo rwakakwana rwehuwandu hwemvura uye kupenya kwemvura (HFO) patembiricha yekushanda, kazhinji zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekudzikira kwemvura uye kupenya kwemvura kubva kuvatengesi vane hunyanzvi vakaita seLonnmeter.
Kuchengetedzwa kweHFO kunowanzo sanganisira matangi e cylindrical kana rectangular ane masisitimu ekudziyisa kudzivirira kuomarara uye kuita kuti kuyerera kuenderere mberi. Matangi aya ekuchengetera mafuta anorema akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza sediment, thermal insulation, uye kudzora kuparadzirwa kwesediment. Sisitimu yekuchengetera inofanira kudzivirira sedimentation, inova kugadzika kwegravitational kweasphaltenes, inorganic material, nezvimwe zvinhu. Sediment inogona kuvhara mitsetse yekubuditsa mvura, kuderedza kugona kwetangi, uye kukonzera matambudziko ekuunganidza tsvina pasi petangi. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka uye kururama kwekuyera kuyerera kwemvura.
Kana oiri yabuda mudura, inopinda mu network yemapombi anopisa, mapombi ekufambisa, uye mayuniti ekusefa—imwe neimwe ine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kudzivirira kuvharika. Kuwanda kwe viscosity uye asphaltene zviri mukati meHFO zvinokonzeresa katsika kekusvibiswa: kuumbwa kwemapombi pamadziro epombi, mumapombi, uye mukati memamita pachawo. Kusvibiswa kunoderedza dhayamita yepombi inoshanda, kunochinja ma hydraulic flow profiles, kunowedzera kurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa, uye kunogona kudzima michina yekuyera. Pakuyera, kunyangwe firimu diki reHFO residue rinogona kukanganisa kuverenga, izvo zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta ane mafuta akawanda nguva dzose. Pasina izvi, zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika, zvichikanganisa kudzora maitiro uye kutengeserana kwakarurama.
Vashandi vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kudzivirira kuvharika. Masisitimu ekudziisa—anowanzo shandiswa nemhepo inotonhorera kana kudziyisa nemagetsi—anochengetedza oiri pamusoro pekupisa kwakanyanya, achideredza kusimba uye achidzivirira kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwemiganhu apo sediment inogara. Mafirita ari mumutsara nemidziyo inokwevera zvidimbu zvemafuta asati asvika pamidziyo inonzwisisika. Kuchenesa matangi uye kusefa kwemvura padivi zvinochengetedza huwandu hwesediment. Nzvimbo dzinosangana neHFO dzimwe nguva dzinorapwa nepolymer kana synthetic coating kuderedza kunamira uye nyore kuchenesa. Masisitimu ekukwenya kana ekugadzira nguruve anoshandiswa mumapaipi kubvisa nehasha madhaka.
Njodzi yekudonha kwemvura uye kusvibiswa kwemvura zvinonyanya kuoneka muzvikamu zvetangi, sefa, uye flow meter. Kuti zvideredze dambudziko iri, dhizaini yesystem inosanganisira structure (matangi anotsvedza pasi, agitation), procedure (scheduled maintenance), uye ma instrumentation measures (continuous viscosity/density monitoring).
Muchidimbu, kuyera mafuta anorema hakusi kungoyera kuyerera chete—inzira yakabatana inoda kugadziriswa panguva chaiyo nematambudziko akasiyana ehunhu hweHFO. Zvinodiwa pakushanda kwenzira dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kudzivirira kuvhara hazviparadzanisike kubva pakutsvaga kuyera kuyerera kwemafuta anorema kwakarurama, kwakavimbika, uye kwehupfumi, zvine simba rakananga pakugadzirwa kwesimba, kutevedzera nharaunda, kutengeserana, uye kuchengetedzeka kwehurongwa. Kuyera kwakarurama uchishandisa mita dzekufambisa mafuta anorema dzinoshanda zvakanyanya, dzinotsigirwa nezvishandiso zvakaita seLonnmeter inline density uye viscosity metres, ndiko kuri pakati pekusangana nematambudziko aya.
Matekinoroji Akakosha Mukuyeresa Mafuta Anorema
Mamita eCoriolis Mass Flow ekuyera Direct Mass Flow
Miyero yekuyerera kweCoriolis massinoshanda nekukurudzira kudedera mumachubhu rimwe kana kupfuura umo mafuta anorema anoyerera. Sezvo mafuta achipfuura nepakati, kusagadzikana kubva muhuremu hunofamba kunokonzera kuchinja kwechikamu kunoyerwa, zvichienderana nehukuru hwekuyerera. Nzira iyi inoburitsa zvakananga kuyerera kwehuremu, density, uye tembiricha, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekugadziriswa kwehuwandu hwetembiricha kana kumanikidzwa, izvo zvakakosha pakubata mhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta anorema (HFO) uye compositions. Nheyo yekuyera zvakananga inoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa uye kugadzirisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta anorema, zvichiita kuti maitiro ekuyera mita yekuyerera kwemafuta anorema ave nyore uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzira yekugadziriswa kwekutengeserana kwemafuta ndeyechokwadi.
Mamita eCoriolis ane mabhenefiti akasiyana ekuyera kuyerera kwemafuta mumamiriro ezvinhu anoda simba, akadai sekutarisira matangi ekuchengetera mafuta anorema, kugadzira magetsi, uyenzvimbo dzegungwa dzakavharirwaKururama kwavo kunoramba kwakakwirira pasinei nekuchinja-chinja kwehuwandu hweHFO, tembiricha, kanakusviba. Pasina zvikamu zvinofamba zvinosangana nemvura, Coriolis metres yakasimba, inodzivirira kubva mukukwesha kubva muzvinhu zvinokwesha zvinowanikwa mumafuta anorema, uye inoderedza zvakanyanya zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa flow meter yemafuta anorema. Kuderera kwekumanikidzwa pamamita aya kudiki kana tichienzanisa nesarudzo dzakawanda dzemechanical metering. Kushaikwa kwemukati memechanical kunoita kuti irambe kusvibiswa - dambudziko guru muheavy oil flow meter - zvinoderedza zvakanyanya nzira dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemaflow meter kana nzira dzekudzivirira kuvharika kwemafuel meter.
Mukuita, mita dzeCoriolis dzinoiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha dzecheni yemafuta anorema. Semuenzaniso, dzinoshandiswa pakufambisa mafuta mungarava dzemugungwa, zvichiita kuti pave nekubhadharisa kwakarurama uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo wekutarisa mafuta. Muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa mafuta anorema, mita idzi dzinotevera kushandiswa kwezvinhu mukutamiswa kwemafuta kubva mukubikira kuenda muzvirongo uye mumitsetse yekudzoka kwemhepo mukati, zvichiita kuti pave nekudzora kupisa kwakanaka uye manejimendi ari nani eutsi. Kugona kwetekinoroji yeCoriolis kupa data rakavimbika, rinodzokororwa, uye rinoteverwa kwakakosha pakushanda kwekutakura mafuta mungarava, kutamiswa kwekuchengetedzwa, uye kutevedzera mitemo—zvose izvi zvinoda chokwadi chekuyera chisina kuenzana.
Kugadzirisa Kuyera Munzvimbo Dzakaoma
Uinjiniya hweKuvimbika muMasisitimu eMafuta Anorema
Mukushandiswa kwemita yekuyerera kwemafuta ane mafuta akawanda, kuvimbika kunoenderana nekusarudza kwakasimba kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye kuvakwa kwakagadzirirwa kurwisa mamiriro akaoma. Aruminiyamu inogona kusarudzwa munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, dzisingakanganisi nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo ngura uye ine mwero. Simbi inopa simba uye kudzivirira kukwesha, asi inogona kukuvadzwa nengura ine acidic inowanzo kuwanikwa nezvigadzirwa zvinopisa mafuta akawanda. Simbi isina ngura inofarirwa kune akawanda matangi ekuyera mafuta ane mafuta akawanda, zvichipiwa kudzivirira kwayo kurwiswa nemakemikari uye neabrasive, kunyanya magiredhi akadai se316L uye duplex stainless steel inobata nharaunda dzine sarufa neoxygen yakawanda.
Zvishandiso zvemita zvinogona kushandisa zvinhu zvisina simbi kana machira—PTFE, PFA, kana polyurethane—kudzivirira ngura nekusvibiswa. Kunyange zvazvo PTFE ichipa kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwakanyanya, polyurethane inobudirira mukudzivirira kukwesha, zvakakosha kune masisitimu ane mafuta ane tunhu twakawanda. Zvinhu izvi zvinoedzwa mukuyedza kwekufananidzira, zvichizviisa pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana, kumanikidzwa, uye huwandu hwese hwemakemikari eHFO, zvichitsigira kugara kwenguva refu kwehupenyu uye kuchengetedza mari.
Magadzirirwo e flow meter emafuta anorema anonamira anosimbisa nzvimbo dzakafara dzemukati kuti aderedze kudonha kwedzvinyiriro uye njodzi yekuvharika. Ma inline density uye viscosity metres eLonnmeter akagadzirwa kuti ashande pasina kufamba kwezvikamu, zvichideredza kusvibiswa kwemakanika uye kutsigira kururama kwenguva refu kunyangwe pasi pemitoro yakawanda yekunamira, ine matinji akawanda.
Kuti pave nekusvibiswa uye kuvharika, nzira dzeinjiniya dzinosanganisira machira asinganamatire—akadai sePTFE kana polysiloxane—panzvimbo dzemukati kudzivirira kuungana kwezvisikwa nezvisiri zvipenyu. Mamwe magadzirirwo anosanganisira nzira dzekuzvigadzirisa, dzakadai sekupolisha pamusoro kunokonzerwa nekuyerera kwemvura kana nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa dziri nyore kusvika dzakaiswa kuti dzicheneswe nemaoko. Mhinduro dzekudzivirira kuvharika dzinosimbisa nzira dzakapfava uye nyore, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvimedu uye zvichiita kuti kubviswa kana kusukwa nguva nenguva. Kubatanidzwa kwenzira dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwe flow meter kunokanganisa zvakananga kuvimbika kwekushanda uye kunoderedza nguva yekushanda, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune masisitimu emagetsi anoshandiswa nemafuta ane mafuta akawanda.
Kufunga Nezvekuisa uye Kubatanidza
Kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemafuta mumafuta anorema kunotanga nehukuru hwakakodzera hwemita. Mamita anofanirwa kusarudzwa kuti aenderane nemafambiro chaiwo ekuyerera kwemafuta, viscosity, uye pressure parameters zvinowanikwa mune mamwe mashandisirwo chaiwo—sekutamiswa kubva mutangi rekuchengetera mafuta anorema kana mukati mezvitenderedzo zvekutenderera muchiteshi chemagetsi chinoshandisa mafuta anorema. Mamita makuru anotambura nekusanyatsojeka kwekuyerera kwemafuta pakuderera, nepo mamita mashoma achideredza kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya.
Maitiro akanakisa ekuisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta anorema anoda kunyatsoteerera kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha. Mazhinji mashandisirwo eHFO anoshanda pakumanikidzwa kwakaderera kusvika pakati nepakati uye tembiricha yakakwira kuchengetedza kuyerera kwemafuta. Mamita eLonnmeter anogona kuiswa pedyo netangi rekuchengetera mafuta anorema kana pazvikamu zvakakosha, zvichideredza zvinodiwa zvekumhanya kwenguva refu zvakananga nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwepamusoro hwekudzora kuyerera kwemafuta. Izvi zvinopa kuchinjika kwekuisa kunyangwe mune marongero akaganhurirwa.
Zviyero zvakakosha zvekuisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta zvinovimbika zvinosanganisira kukanganiswa kushoma kubva kumapombi nemavharuvhu, ma profiles ekuyerera akagadzikana, uye kurongeka kwakanaka kudzivirira kusarongeka kwakatwasuka kana kwakatwasuka kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwekuyera. Kuiswa kwayo kunofanirwa kufadza nzvimbo dzine mukana wakananga webasa renguva nenguva, zvakakosha pakugadzirisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta ane mafuta akawanda uye maitiro ekuenzanisa. Kugadziriswa kune zvirambidzo zvesisitimu kunotsigirwa nesarudzo dzemodular meter uye porting, zvichigonesa kubatanidzwa mune zvese retrofit uye installations itsva.
Kuyera kuyerera kwemafuta anorema nenzira yakarurama kunoenderana nemhando yekuisa—hukuru hwemita hwakasimba, kuiswa kwakakodzera pedyo nematangi emagetsi, uye mukana wekuwana nzira yekugadzirisa. Kurongeka uku pakati peinjiniya nekuisa kunoita kuti zvive nyore panguva yekutengeserana kwemafuta uye kuyerwa kwekufamba kwemafuta kuri kuenderera mberi, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mumunda.
Kururama, Kugadzirisa, uye Zvinokonzera Kugadziriswa Kwemari
Kuwana kururama kwakanyanya uye kudzokorora pakuyera kuyerera kwemafuta anorema kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kutengeserana kwemafuta zvakajeka uye zvakavimbika. Mumashandisirwo akadai sematangi ekuchengetera mafuta anorema uye nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa mafuta anorema, kururama kwakasimba kunovimbisa kutengeserana kunotevedzera mitemo uye kunodzivirirwa.
Kuenzanisa ndiko kuri pakati pehunhu hwekuyera. Kune chero mita yekuyerera kwemafuta anorema—kunyanya ayo anoshanda ari pasi pekufambiswa kwemari—maitiro ekufananidza anosanganisira kuenzanisa nematanho ekutarisa anoteverwa. Matekiniki anowanzo shandisa mita huru kana matangi ekuongorora, uye anofanirwa kuitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadzorwa anotevedzera zviri kuitika, kusanganisira kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, uye kuumbwa kwemvura. Kutsauka, kunyangwe kudiki, kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kukuru kwemari nemutemo panguva yekugadzirisa kutengeserana kwemafuta. Kuenzanisa kunofanirwa kunyorwa uye kuteverwa kune mwero wenyika kana yepasi rose, nekugadziriswazve nguva nenguva kunodiwa kuti kuenderane nezvinodiwa. Mamita anoshandiswa pakuyera kuyerera kwemafuta zvakananga, akadai seaya akabatanidzwa neLonnmeter inline density uye viscosity metres, anoda kusimbiswa zvichienderana nemaprotocol akasimbiswa anozivikanwa neOIML R117 yazvino kana mwero wemetrological wakafanana kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kutengeserana kwakavimbika.
Muripo wekupisa nekusimba kwakakosha muhurongwa hwekuyera mafuta ane mafuta akawanda. Kusimba kwakawanda uye kunzwa kwekuchinja-chinja kwekupisa kunoratidzwa nemafuta ane mafuta akawanda kunopa matambudziko akasiyana. Muripo wemukati, unoitwa kuburikidza nemasensa akabatanidzwa (ekusimba nekusimba kwakawanda), uye kugadziriswa kwedata renguva chaiyo, kunotarisa izvi zvinoshanduka-chinja—kuderedza kutenderera kunogona kukanganisa kuyerwa kwehuwandu. Semuenzaniso, kubatanidza mita yeLonnmeter inline density nemita yemafuta ane mafuta akawanda kunogonesa kugadziriswa kwehuwandu munguva chaiyo; kuibatanidza nemita yemukati yekusimba kwakasimba kunobvumira kugadziriswa kwakanyatsonaka kwehuwandu. Mhinduro dzakadaro dzekuyera dzakakosha pakuyera kuyerera kwehuwandu zvakananga munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzakanyanya.
Kudzokorora kwakakoshawo; kunotsanangura kugona kwemuchina wemita kubereka mhedzisiro yakafanana mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. Kuvakwa kwemuchina wemita uye kugadziriswa kwemuchina kunowedzera kudzokorora, zvichibvumira kurongeka kwakanyatsojeka kwemuchina. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mukuyera kuyerera kwemafuta akawanda uye kuyera mafuta akawanda uko kukanganiswa kwemaitiro kunodhura.
Chitupa, kusimbiswa, uye kutevedzera mitemo zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekuvimbika kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa kutengeserana kwemafuta. Mitemo inozivikanwa pasi rose yakaita seOIML R117 inoda kuti mita dzemagetsi dziongororwe zvakasimba, bvunzo dzechitupa kuti dzionekwe kuti dzakarurama here, uye dziongororwe nguva nenguva. Kutevedzera mitemo yakadaro kunodzivirira maitiro ekutengeserana uye kunopa tarisiro chaiyo kana paine kusawirirana.
Mafuta akawanda anopa njodzi dzinogara dziripo dzekusvibiswa uye kuvharika kwema flow metres, zvichikanganisa kururama uye kugara kwenguva refu kwema meter. Kuchengetedza kwekudzivirira kunodiwa. Zvinhu zvakaita sekuvakwa kwema modular meter uye micro-adjustable assemblies zvinotsigira kuchenesa kuri nyore uye kutsiva zvikamu. Maitiro ekuongorora aripo—kugonesa kuongorora calibration pasina breaks—anoderedza nguva yekushanda, zvichiita kuti flow flow meter yemafuta akawanda ive yakasimba uye yakavimbika.
Kuronga nekutarisa maitiro, kusanganisira nzira dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa uye mhinduro dzekudzivirira kuvharika, zvinofanirwa kuitwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira maturusi ekufanotaura, akadai sekutarisa kudonha kwedzvinyiriro kuti uone kusvibiswa kwekutanga, uye kuongorora nguva dzose. Kune vanofambisa mafekitori emagetsi anofambiswa nemafuta anorema, zviziviso zve otomatiki zvakavakirwa pakuongorora kwedhijitari zvinogona kuratidza kutenderera kunodiwa kwekuchenesa, zvichibvumira kupindira kusati kwarasikirwa nekunyatsojeka kana nguva isina kurongwa yekushanda. Maitiro ekuchenesa panzvimbo, akagadziriswa zvichienderana nehunhu hwemafuta uye mwero wekuyerera, anowedzera kuderedza kupindira kwakarongwa.
Magwara ekuisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta anosimbisa kukosha kwekunyora data rakazara uye kutarisa kwakachengeteka kwedhijitari. Marogi edhijitari akavimbika anotsigira nhanho yega yega yekugadziriswa kwekutengeserana kwemafuta. Masisitimu emazuva ano anosanganisira nzira dzakachengeteka dzekutaurirana, kuchengetwa kwedata rakavharidzirwa, uye mukana wekuwana mvumo yekudzivirira kuvimbika kwedata rekutengeserana. Marogi ezviitiko akadzama, nzira dzekuongorora, uye zvitupa zvemagetsi zvekugadzirisa zvinoshandiswa kusangana nezvisungo zvekutengeserana nemutemo. Kutarisa masisitimu nguva dzose kune zvisina kunaka uye hutachiona hwecyber kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti data rinogona kuongororwa uye kudzivirira kutapukirwa kwedata mukati mekuita kwekuyera kuyerera kwemafuta.
Pamwe chete, kushingaira kwehunyanzvi—kuburikidza nekuyera kwakarurama, muripo wekupisa nekusimba, maitiro edhijitari akachengeteka, uye kugadzirisa kwakasimba—zvinoumba hwaro hwekuyera mafuta anorema kwakarurama, kunodzokororwa, uye kunotevedzera mitemo munzvimbo dzekutengeserana.
Kubatanidzwa nePlant Systems uye Mapuratifomu eDhijitari
Kubatanidzwa Kwemazinga Ezvirimwa Mumapurazi Emagetsi Anoshandiswa Nemafuta Anorema
Mamita ekuyerera kwemafuta anorema (HFO) anoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwemagetsi anofambiswa nemafuta anorema kuti akwanise kuyera kuyerera kwemafuta nemazvo, kuyera kuyerera kwehuwandu, uye kudzora. Kubatanidza mamita aya—akadai se inline density uye viscosity metres kubvaLonnmeter—muDistributed Control Systems (DCS) kana Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) zvinoda nzira dzakasimba dzinovimbisa kutariswa kwakajeka panguva chaiyo uye kudzorwa kwakarurama kwekuyerwa kwemafuta anorema.
Maitiro ekubatanidza anotanga nekuenzanisa kubuda kwechiratidzo chemita ne modules dzekupinda dzeDCS kana PLC platforms. Kune analog interface, indasitiri iyi inovimba zvakanyanya nechiratidzo che4–20 mA nekuda kwesimba rayo pakurwisa ruzha rwemagetsi uye kukodzera kumhanya kwenguva refu kwetambo. Sarudzo dzedhijitari dzinosanganisira maprotocol akaita seModbus, HART, uye pulse outputs, zvichipa mukana wekutakura diagnostics uye multi-variable data kune control systems.
Kuti pave nekuyera mafambiro emvura zvakananga, waya dzinobva kuLonnmeter density uye viscosity metres dzinobatana nemakadhi ekupinda akagadzirirwa muDCS/PLC, kazhinji kuburikidza nemasignal conditioners kuti pave nedata rakanaka. Chirongwa chekudzora chefekitori chinofanira kubva chadudzira izvi, zvichiita kuti kuyerwa kwemafuta kuenderere mberi, kugadzira alarm, uye mhinduro dzemaitiro panguva chaiyo. Mukuita, masisitimu anogonawo kubatana neSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), iyo inogona kushanda semurevereri wekubatanidza data, kutarisa kure, kana kuchengetedza kwenguva refu. Iyi dhizaini haingotsigire chete kutonga kwekushanda kwefekitori asi inopa kuteverwa kwemafuta, kutevedzera zvinodiwa, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa kutengeserana kwemafuta kuburikidza nedata rakanyanya kudzokororwa, rakatambwa nenguva.
Kuongororwa kwedata uye kuvimbika kwekutaurirana kunochengetedzwa nekushandisa mitemo yekutaurirana yakavhurika uye inochinjika. Maitiro edhijitari akaita seIEC 62056 (DLMS/COSEM) ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira magetsi, zvichiita kuti kutumira kwakachengeteka, kuisa ma tag e OBIS codes, uye encrypted data exchange inosangana nemirairo yekuongorora uye yekutevedzera mitemo.
Muenzaniso: Chigadzirwa cheHFO chinobatanidza Lonnmeter inline density metres neDCS yachiripo chinobatanidza 4–20 mA analog output yemita yega yega kumakadhi eDCS input. Software yeDCS yaizogadziriswa kuti igadzirise kuverenga uku, ichigadzira mafambiro enguva chaiyo, maaramu ekuverenga kusinganzwisisike, uye ichipa mhinduro dzinoramba dzichienderera mberi kudzora kufamba kwemafuta, ichivimbisa kupisa kwakasimba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta. Magwaro ekubatanidza anotsanangura nzvimbo yega yega yekuchinjana data uye anosimbisa kururama uye kuvimbika kuburikidza nekuiswa uye kuyedzwa kwakarongeka.
Kubatanidzwa kunowedzerawo kune masisitimu emari: mapuratifomu ekutamisa nekugadziriswa kwemari zvinoenderana nekutamiswa kwedata remita rakarurama, risingakanganisike. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetwa kwedata kwakachengeteka kunoenderana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri pakuongorora nzira dzekuongorora uye mishumo yemitemo. Munzvimbo idzi, kugona kuchengetedza data rakavimbika, kudzivirira kutamiswa, uye kubvumira kukurumidza kudzoserwa kwezvinyorwa zvekuyerera kwave chinhu chakakosha mukushanda nekugadzirisa gakava.
Kudzivirira Remangwana neKuyera Kunochinjika uye Kuchinjika
Kusiyana-siyana kwemafuta anorema, kusanganisira misanganiswa inochengetwa mumatangi makuru ekuchengetera mafuta anorema, kunoda kuti mita dzemvura dzienderane nekuchinja kwemhando yemafuta, viscosity, uye density. Inline density uye viscosity metres kubva kuLonnmeter zvakagadzirwa kuti zvienderane zvakanyanya, zvichibvumira kuyerwa kwakarurama mumhando dzese dzemafuta anorema anowanikwa mumafekitori emagetsi emazuva ano.
Kudzivirira mamita aya mune ramangwana kunoenderana nemisimboti miviri: kugona kusimudzira uye kugona kushandisa mamodularity. Zvishandiso zvekuyera zvakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvemodular, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutsiva kana kusimudzira masensa, mabhodhi emagetsi, kana macommunicators sezvo zvinodiwa pakushanda zvichichinja. Maitiro aya anotsigirawo kugadziriswa nekukurumidza uye anoderedza nguva yekushanda kwezvigadziriso panguva yekutsiva kana kuvandudza, zvakakosha munzvimbo dzinogara dzichiitwa senge mafekitori emagetsi anofambiswa nemafuta akawanda.
Semuenzaniso, sezvo mafuta matsva anosanganiswa ane hunhu hwakasiyana hwe rheological achiiswa, mamodule emita anogona kuchinjwa kana kugadziriswazve—achitungamirirwa negwara rekuisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta—kuti arambe achiyera kuyerera kwemafuta nemaseru ekuyerera kwemafuta pasina kutsiva system yakazara. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwema flow metres uye mhinduro dzekudzivirira kuvharika dzinobatsira kuchengetedza kuverenga kwakarurama uye kuderedza nguva dzekugadzirisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta ane mafuta akawanda, kunyangwe mamiriro ekushanda achichinja.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa mita akagadzirirwa nyore, zvichiita kuti vashandi vakwanise kuita maitiro ekugadzirisa mita yemafuta anoyerera nekukurumidza kana nzira dzekugadzirisa dzichida kugadziriswazve. Zvese zvinovandudzwa uye shanduko dzemodular zvakanyorwa, zvichivimbisa kuteverwa kwemitemo uye kutengeserana panguva yekuendesa mafuta.
Nzira yekuenda kumatanho ekushandisa mafuta anorema nhasi inoda kuti masisitimu ekuyera asanganiswe ne otomatiki yefekitori nemapuratifomu edhijitari, zvichitsigirwa nemaprotocol uye hardware architectures akavhurika, akajairwa, uye akagadzirirwa kushanduka pamwe chete nekushanda kwefekitori nezvinodiwa nemitemo.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
Chii chinoita kuti chiyereso chemafuta anorema chikodzere kushandiswa pakubhadhara mafuta?
Chiyero chemafuta anorema chinotarirwa kutamiswa kwekuchengetedza uye kugadziriswa kwekutengeserana chinofanira kuwana mwero wakanyatsojeka, kazhinji nekusava nechokwadi kwekuyera pasi pe0.1%. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti kunyangwe kutsauka kudiki kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kukuru kwemari pakubata huwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta. Chiyero chemafuta anorema chinoyera zvakananga kuyerera kwehuwandu, chakasimba pakudzivirira kuchinja kwe viscosity netembiricha, uye chinochengetedza kusimba kwe calibration mukati menguva dzese dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kutevedzera mitemo kwakakosha; mamita anofanira kubvumidza zvinyorwa zvinoteverwa, zvinoongororwa uye zvinoenderana nemiyero yakaita seyakatsanangurwa muMARPOL Annex VI neUNECE guidelines yeIMO. Kururama, kuteverwa, uye kuvimbika kunoderedza kusawirirana kwekutengeserana uye kudzivirira mapato ese ari muchibvumirano mukugadzirisa kutengeserana kwemafuta. Kune masisitimu ekuyera mafuta anorema, Coriolis mass flow metres anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sereferensi standard nekuti anoyera zvakananga huremu, pane kuhufungidzira kubva mukuverenga kwevolumetric, zvichienderana nekushanduka kwehuwandu uye tembiricha yemafuta anorema.
Zvinhu zvinodzivirira kusvibiswa uye zvinodzivirira kuvharika zvinogona sei kuvandudza kuvimbika kwekuyera muhurongwa hwemafuta anorema?
Kuwanda kwemafuta ane mafuta akawanda kunokonzera kusimba kwakanyanya uye kusvibiswa kunokonzera kuungana uye kuvharika mumasisitimu ekuyera kuyerera. Nzira dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwema flow metres dzinosanganisira kushandisa ma coatings emukati asinganamatire, seamless sensor geometries anoderedza nzvimbo dzakafa, uye nzira dzekuyerera dzinoderedza huwandu hwekumira. Zvinhu zvekuvaka zvinosarudzwa kuti zvive nyore kushandisa makemikari uye kutsvedzerera; simbi isingatsvedzeri inowanikwa nekuda kwekusabatana kwayo. Kuzvichenesa kunoshanda mumagadzirirwo emamita—senge machubhu ekuyerera anodedera—kunobatsira kubvisa sticky deposits. Aya matekinoroji pamwe chete anodzikamisa mashandiro ema heavy fuel oil flow metres, zvichiita kuti kuyerwa kwemafuta kuenderere zvakanaka uye kuderedza nguva yekugadzirisa uye nguva isingatarisirwi yekushanda kwesystem.
Sei kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemafuta kuchisarudzwa pane nzira dzehuwandu hwemafuta anorema?
Kuyera huwandu hwemafuta zvakananga, sezvinoratidzwa nemamita eCoriolis, kwakakosha pakuyera huwandu hwemafuta hwakavimbika nekuda kwehuwandu hwemafuta anorema uye tembiricha. Mamita evolumetric, akadai seturbine kana positive displacement types, anoyera huwandu hwemafuta muhuwandu hwemuviri uye anoda kugadziriswa kwehuwandu hwemafuta kuti afungidzire huwandu hwemafuta anorema—izvi zvinounza mamwe masosi ekukanganisa sezvo huwandu hwemafuta anorema hunowanzo chinja nemakemikari, nhoroondo yekudzivirira, uye tembiricha yekushanda. Mamita eCoriolis mass flow anobata zvakananga mwero wechokwadi wehuwandu hwemafuta uye, panguva imwe chete, anotaura huwandu hwemafuta chaiwo uye tembiricha, zvese munguva chaiyo. Kugona uku kunobvisa kusarongeka kwekushandura uye kunopa hwaro hwekuyera hunoenderana nemitemo yechibvumirano chemusika, kunyanya mukuita kwekugadzirisa kutengeserana kwemafuta, uko huwandu—kwete huwandu—hunowanzo tsanangura kuchengetedza.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo pakuisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta anorema mutangi rekuchengetera zvinhu?
Maitiro ekuisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta anorema mumatangi ekuchengetera zvinhu anokanganisa zvakananga kururama uye hurefu hwemita. Kusarudzwa kwehukuru hwemita kunofanirwa kuenderana nehuwandu hwekuyerera hunotarisirwa, kudzivirira kudzikira kwekushanda kubva pakurodha pasi kana kuwandisa. Kuiswa kwakakosha; mita inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo ine kuyerera kwakanyatsogadzirwa—kure nemapombi ari pedyo, makomba, kana mavharuvhu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwekuyerera kwemafuta. Kune matangi ekuchengetera mafuta anorema, kugadzirisa tembiricha yemafuta nekudzivirira kana kuti madonhwe ekupisa kunodzivirira zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvine chekuita ne viscosity uye kudzivirira nzvimbo dzinotonhora dzinogona kukurudzira kuvharika.
Kutarisa kwakakodzera, sekunge kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura inoyerera ichikwira mudenga mune mamwe magadzirirwo eCoriolis, kunodzivirira kubatwa kwemabubble egasi. Kuisa pasi uye kupatsanurwa kwemagetsi kunoderedza zvinhu zvekuyera zvinokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Gwaro rekuisa mita yekuyerera kwemafuta ematangi ekuchengetera rinokurudzira rutsigiro rwakasimba rwemita dziri mukati nedzinoiswa muflange, sezvo kudedera kubva mukushanda kwematangi kunogona kukanganisa kuverenga kana kusina kunyoroveswa zvakanaka kana kusimbiswa. Matanho ese ekuisa anofanira kunyorwa kuti aonekwe uye kuti anotevedzera zvinodiwa.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvemita zvinokurudzirwa pakubata nzvimbo dzine mafuta anorema anokuvadza kana anogumbura?
Mamita emafuta anorema akakodzera anogadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingapindi ngura kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti nguva yekushanda yareba munzvimbo dzine makemikari anopisa. Simbi dzisina ngura, kunyanya duplex ne super-duplex grades (dzakadai se2205 na2507), dzinopa musanganiswa wesimba remakanika uye dzinodzivirira ngura, dzakakodzera mafuta ane chloride, sarufa, nemvura. Ma alloys akakosha ane nickel, anosanganisira Alloy 625 naC-276, anosarudzwa kuti ashandiswe mu "sour" crude kana kana paine mukana wekuona hydrogen sulfide ne carbon dioxide. Pakushandisa zvinhu zvine abrasive comtaminants, zvakaita se catalyst fines kubva kumafuta akasara, ma internal akaomeswa kana proprietary ceramic kana polymeric coatings zvinobatsira. Coated cast iron inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzisina ngura asi ingada kuongororwa kakawanda. Sarudzo yezvinhu inofanira kuratidza ongororo yakakwana yemakemikari emafuta, tembiricha, uye kumanikidzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mita inotsungirira ngura nekukweshwa muhupenyu hwayo hwese hwekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2025
