ContinuousgKuyerwa kwe viscosity yegum kunoita kuti pave nekutarisa kwakanyatsojeka kwekuchinja kwe viscosity kwakabatana ne concentration. Kufungidzira rheological modelling kunobatsira kuona concentration chaiyo inodiwa kuti pave ne viscosity ranges inodiwa, zvakakosha pakugadzirisa dhizaini yetangi rekusanganisa uye kuona kuti fluid fluid rheology inopararira sei. Ukama uhwu hwe linear concentration-viscosity hunobatsira mainjiniya mukunyora viscosities dzakadzorwa dzezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda.
Kunzwisisa Guar Gum muHydraulic Fracturing Fluids
Basa reGuar Gum seChinogodza
Mapolymer echisikigo akadai seguar gum ndiwo akakosha pakuumbwa kwemvura inopwanyika nekuda kwekukwanisa kwawo kuwedzera viscosity zvakanyanya, izvo zvakakosha pakumisa uye kutakurwa kweproppant zvinobudirira. Yakabva kumbeu dzeguar, chimiro chepolysaccharide cheguar gum chinokurumidza kunyorovesa kuti chigadzire mhinduro dzakasimba - dzakakosha pakutakura jecha kana zvimwe zvinopwanyika zvakadzika mumatombo panguva yekupwanyika kwehydraulic.
Maitiro eKusimba uye Kugadzikana:
- Mamorekuru egum anopindirana uye anokura mumvura, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekukweshana pakati pemamorekuru uye ukobvu hwemvura. Kukwidibira uku kwakanyanya kunoderedza kumhanya kweproppant settlement mu hydraulic fracturing fluids, zvichiita kuti maproppants amire zvakanaka uye agare zvakanaka.
- Zvinhu zvinobatanidza zvinhu zvakaita seboric acid, organoboron, kana organozirconium zvinowedzera kuwedzera kunaka kwechinhu ichi. Semuenzaniso, mvura dze organozirconium-crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) dzinochengetedza zvinopfuura 89.7% yehukuru hwadzo hwekutanga pa120 °C pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya, zvichipfuura masisitimu emazuva ano uye zvichipa simba rakasimba rekutakura zvinhu mumvura dzinopwanyika.
- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe crosslink, kunowanikwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwe thickener, kunosimbisa chimiro che gel uye kunoita kuti chigadzikane zvakanyanya, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma e reservoir.
Kugadzirwa kwegel nekukurumidza kweGuar gum kunoita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwakanaka kwetangi rekusanganisa mvura inopwanyika. Zvisinei, inonzwa kukuvadzwa nekucheka uye hutachiona; saka, kugadzirira nekungwarira uye kuwedzerwa kwakakodzera zvinodiwa kuti irambe ichishanda zvakanaka.
Upfu hweGuar Gum
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Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvine Chekuita Nekupwanya Mashandiro
Kugadzikana kweTembiricha
Mvura dzeguar gum dzinofanira kuchengetedza hunhu hwadzo hwekusviba pakupisa kwakanyanya. Guar gum isina kuchinjwa inotanga kuora pamusoro pe160°C, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nekusviba uye kudzikira kwekumisikidzwa kwepropant. Kugadziriswa kwemakemikari—senge sulfonation ne sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate—kunovandudza kutsungirira kwekupisa, zvichibvumira mvura kuti irambe ichisviba pamusoro pe200 mPa·s pa180°C kwemaawa maviri (kucheka 170 s⁻¹).
Crosslinkers dzinokosha pakugara zvakanaka kwetembiricha:
- Organozirconium crosslinkers inoratidza kuchengetedza kwakanyanya kwe viscosity pakupisa kwakanyanya kana tichienzanisa ne borate systems.
- Majeli ane borate akabatana anoshanda pasi pe100°C asi anorasikirwa nesimba nekukurumidza kupfuura chiyero ichi, kunyanya kana paine huwandu hwakaderera hwe biopolymer.
Zvinowedzerwa zvehybrid uye zvinogadziriswa nemakemikari zvinosundira miganhu yenzvimbo dzakadzika zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti mvura iputsike uye kudzorwa kwe viscosity munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekupisa.
Kuramba Kusefa
Kusagona kusefa kwakakosha pakudzivirira kurasikirwa nemvura muzvikamu zvisingapindi mvura zvakanyanya. Magum fluids, kunyanya ayo akabatana ne nanoparticles senge nano-ZrO₂ (zirconium dioxide), anoratidza kusimudzirwa kwejecha uye kurasikirwa kwekusefa kwakaderera. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzerwa kwe0.4% nano-ZrO₂ kunoderedza zvakanyanya kugara kwepropant, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvirambe zvakamira pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asingachinji uye ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
Guar gum inoshanda zvakanaka kupfuura mapolymer akawanda ekugadzira kana ichiramba kuchekwa nekusefa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine munyu wakawanda. Zvisinei, dambudziko rezvinhu zvakasara mushure mekuputsika kwegel richiripo uye rinofanira kutarisirwa kuti riwedzere kufambisa mvura mudura.
Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinowedzerwa zvakaita se thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs) — methanol ne PEG-200 — kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kwe antifiltration, kunyanya mumadhaka ane hydrate. Kuvandudzwa uku kunoita kuti gasi ridzoke zviri nani uye kunobatsira pakushanda zvakanaka kwematangi ekusanganisa mvura inopwanyika.
Mhedzisiro yeKudzivisa Ivhu
Kudzivirira ivhu kunodzivirira kuzvimba uye kufamba kwevhu, zvichideredza kukuvara kwekuumbwa kwaro panguva yekupwanyika kwemvura. Mvura yeguar gum inoita kuti ivhu rigadzikane kuburikidza ne:
- Kuwedzera kusimba kwesimbi uye kusungirirwa kwesimbi, zvichideredza kufamba kwesimbi izvo zvinogona kukanganisa ivhu.
- Kunyudzwa zvakananga pamusoro penzvimbo dzakaita seshale, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kufamba kwezvidimbu zvevhu.
Zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zve guar—zvakaita se maleic anhydride-grafted anionic guar—zvinoderedza mvura isinganyungudike, zvichideredza kukuvara kwekuumbwa uye zvinovandudza kugadzikana kwevhu. Fluorinated hydrophobic cationic guar gum variants uye polyacrylamide-guar copolymers zvinowedzera adsorption, zvichipa kuvandudzwa kwekudzivirira kupisa uye kudyidzana kwakasimba kwemvura nevhu.
Munzvimbo dzine hydrate yakawanda, kushandiswa kwe hydroxyl group-bearing THIs (semuenzaniso,methanol, PEG-200) inobatsira kuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura inopwanyika, zvichibatsira nenzira isina kunanga kugadzikana kwevhu uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwevhu.
Nekubatanidza shanduko dzemakemikari epamusoro uye zvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvakanangana, mvura dzemazuva ano dzinobva mugum dzinopa kusimba kwakanyanya, kuramba kusefa, uye kudzora ivhu, zvichitsigira kutakurwa kwakanaka kwepropant uye kukuvara kushoma kwekuumbwa.
Nheyo dzeGuar Gum Viscosity uye Concentration Dynamics
Ukama: Guar Gum Viscosity vs Concentration
Kuwanda kwegum reGuar gum kunoratidza hukama hwakananga, hunowanzo enderana nekuwanda kwaro mumvura. Sezvo kuwanda kwegum reGuar gum kuchiwedzera, kuwanda kwemvura kunowedzera, zvichivandudza kugona kwemvura kumisa nekutakura zvinodzivirira mumabasa ekupwanya hydraulic. Semuenzaniso, mvura ine huwandu hwegum reGuar gum hunotangira pa0.2% kusvika pa0.6% (w/w) inogona kugadzirwa kuti iite semaumbirwo akafanana nenectar kana huchi, ayo anoshanda pakumisa proppant mumadziva emvura akaderera uye akanyanya kupinza mvura.
Kuwanda kweguar gum kwakaringana kunoenzanisa kunaka kwegum rinotakura propant uye kugona kupomba. Kuwanda kwakaringana kunogona kukanganisa kugadzika kwepropant nekukurumidza uye kuderera kwehupamhi hwekuputsika; kuwanda kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa kuyerera kwemvura uye kukwidza mari yekushanda. Semuenzaniso, kuzara kwegum re0.5 wt% muhydrogels kunowedzera hunhu hwekukora neanenge 40%. Zvisinei, pa0.75 wt%, kusimba kwenetwork kunoderera, zvichideredza kumisa kwepropant uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekutakura.
Mhedzisiro yeKuchekwa kweShear uye Tembiricha paViscosity
Mhinduro dzeGuar gum dzinoratidza maitiro ekutetepa kweganda: viscosity inoderera sezvo shear rate ichiwedzera. Hunhu uhwu hunokosha mukupwanyika kwemvura, zvichiita kuti kupomba kushande zvakanaka panguva yekuchekwa kwakanyanya uye kutakura propant kwakasimba padanho rakaderera rekuyerera. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekupinza nekukurumidza, viscosity yeguar gum inoderera, zvichiita kuti kufamba kwemvura kuburikidza nemapaipi nekupwanyika kuenderere mberi. Sezvo kuyerera kunonoka muma network ekupwanyika, viscosity inodzoka, ichichengetedza suspension yepropant uye ichideredza kumhanya kwekugadzikana.
Tembiricha inokanganisawo zvakanyanya kusviba kwemvura inoputika. Sezvo tembiricha ichikwira, mapolymer eguar gum anosangana nekuora kwekupisa, kusviba uye kusimba kunopera. Kuongororwa kwekupisa kunoratidza kuti guar gum ine sulfonated inodzivirira kurasikirwa kwe viscosity zviri nani pane mafomu asina kuchinjwa, ichichengetedza hunhu hwayo uye kugona kwayo kutakura proppant patembiricha inosvika 90–100°C. Kunyange zvakadaro, patembiricha yakanyanya yemugodhi iri pamusoro pechiyero ichi, mhando zhinji dzeguar gum (kusanganisira hydroxypropyl guar kana HPG) dzinoratidza kuderera kwe viscosity uye kugadzikana, zvichida kugadziriswa kana nzira dzekuwedzera.
Kuwanda kwemunyu uye huwandu hweionic mumvura yemumvura (semuenzaniso, mvura yegungwa) zvinokanganisawo kutetepa kweganda uye kugadzikana kwekupisa. Munyu wakawanda, kunyanya ne multivalent cations, unogona kuderedza kuzvimba uye kusviba zvakanyanya, zvichikanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwepropant kutakura.
Kuchinja kweGuar Gum
Kugadziriswa kweguar gum nemakemikari kunobvumira kugadziriswa zvakanaka kwe viscosity, solubility, uye tembiricha, zvichiita kuti mvura ishande zvakanaka. Sulfonation—inoita kuti sulfonate groups ive guar gum—inowedzera kunyungudika kwemvura uye inoita kuti viscosity ikwire ne33%, zvakasimbiswa neIR, DSC, TGA, uye elemental analysis. Sulfonated guar gum inochengetedza viscosity uye kugadzikana kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine saline kana alkaline, ichipfuura gum isina kugadziriswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emugodhi.
Hydroxypropylation (HPG) inowedzerawo viscosity uye inovandudza kunyungudika, kunyanya mumvura ine simba guru reionic. HPG gels dzinoratidza viscosity yakakura uye elasticity iri pakati pe pH 7 ne 12.5, dzichichinja kuita hunhu hweNewtonian pa pH >13 chete. Mumvura yegungwa, HPG neguar gum zvinochengetedza viscosity iri nani kupfuura mamwe ma modified gums akadai se carboxymethyl guar (CMG), zvichiwedzera kukodzera kwawo kushanda kunze kwenyika uye munyu.
Kubatanidza, kunowanzoitwa nezvinhu zvakaita se boric acid, organoboron, kana organozirconium, imwe nzira yekusimbisa chimiro che network ye guar gum. Kuwedzera kwe cross-linking density kunowedzera simba re gel uye viscosity, zvakakosha pakumisikidzwa kwe proppant pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kucheka kwemazinga. Kusarudza cross-linking agent yakakodzera uye huwandu hwayo zvinoenderana nekupisa kwakanangana nenzvimbo dzekuyerera kwemvura. Mamodheru ekufungidzira anogonesa mainjiniya kugadzirisa zvese thickener uye cross-linker loadings kuti fracturing fluid rheology igadziriswe uye viscosity control.
Matambudziko neMhinduro dzeKudzora Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi muMashandisirwo Emaindasitiri
Kukunda Kuyera uye Kusanganisa Matambudziko
Kugadziriswa kwemhinduro dzeguar gum mumaindasitiri kunosangana nematambudziko anoramba aripo pakuyera viscosity panguva chaiyo. Kusvibiswa kwesensor kwakajairika nekuda kwetsika yeguar gum yekugadzira masara pamusoro peviscometer. Kusvibiswa kunokanganisa kururama uye kunokonzera kudonha; semuenzaniso, polymer build-up inogona kuvharira shanduko chaiyo ye viscometer, zvichikonzera kuverenga kusina kuvimbika. Nzira dzemazuva ano dzekuderedza hutachiona dzinosanganisira machira ecomposite, akadai seCNT-PEG-hydrogel films, ayo anodzinga organic deposits uye anoramba achiona sensor sensitivity pasi pemamiriro ekusviba. Vanokurudzira turbulence vakadhindwa ne3D, vakaiswa mumatangi ekusanganisa, vanogadzira turbulence iri panzvimbo panzvimbo dzesensor, vachideredza zvakanyanya kuunganidza masara uye kuwedzera kururama kwekushanda. Masensor akabatanidzwa eRFID-IC anowedzera kuwedzera kutarisa, kuderedza kugadziriswa uku uchishanda mumvura dzakaoma, kunyange izvi zvichidawo maprotocol akasimba ekudzivirira kusvibiswa kuti avimbike kwenguva refu.
Mamiriro ezvinhu etangi anochinja-chinja, akadai sehuwandu hwemvura inochekwa, tembiricha inochinja-chinja, uye kugoverwa kwekuwedzera kusina kuenzana, zvinokanganisawo kudzora kupenya. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa matangi asina geometry yakagadziriswa kunogona kusiya maguar gum aggregates asina kusanganiswa, zvichigadzira kupenya kwenzvimbo uye hydration isina kukwana. Kugadzirisa dhizaini yetangi—kuburikidza nemabaffles nema mixers ane shear yakawanda—kunokurudzira kupararira kwakafanana uye kunoita kuti kuyerwa kwakarurama panguva chaiyo. Kuenzanisa kwegeji kunoramba kuri kwakakosha; kuenzaniswa kwakajairika kwenzvimbo uchishandisa zviyero zvinoteverwa kunobatsira kudzivirira kudonha kwesensor uye kurasikirwa kwekushanda mukati menguva refu yekushanda.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Kusviba Kunogara Kwakakura Muhurongwa Hwakawanda
Kuwana viscometer yakafanana ye guar gum solutions mumabasa makuru ekusanganisa kunoda masystem ekutonga akabatanidzwa uye otomatiki. Ma viscometer ari mumutsara akabatana ne PLC-based (programmable logic controller) process automation anobvumira kugadziriswa kwe closed-loop kwekumhanya kwekusanganisa, additive dosing, uye tembiricha. Ma framework eIIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) anogonesa kubatwa kwedata nguva dzose, kutarisa kwenguva chaiyo, uye kufungidzira chiito—ma machine learning models anofanotaura kutsauka uye kuita zvigadziriso viscosity isati yabuda kunze kwezvinodiwa.
Masisitimu emagetsi anoderedza zvakanyanya kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemabheti. Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitika zvinoratidza kuti kusiyana kwe viscosity kunoderera kusvika ku97% uye marara ezvinhu anoderera ne3.5% kana kudzora nguva chaiyo kuripo. Kuongororwa otomatiki kwezvinhu zvinobatanidza zvinhu—kusanganisira boric acid, organoboron, uye organozirconium—pamwe chete nekudzora tembiricha kwakarurama, kunoita kuti pave nekushanda kwe rheological kunodzokororwa kwemvura inotakura proppant. Kuongororwa kwemusanganiswa we guar gum wemhando yefood-grade kunoratidza kuti mamodheru anotungamirwa neIIoT anopfuura nzira dzekushandisa nemaoko, zvichikonzera kumisa proppant kwakarurama uye kunonoka kwekugadzikana, zvakakosha kuti hydraulic fracturing ishande zvakanaka.
Nzira dzekuderedza kusiyanisa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira kusarudza nekungwarira uye kugadzirisa zvinowedzerwa zvinobatanidza uye zvinodzikamisa. Kubatanidzwa kwezvinodzivirira thermodynamic hydrate (THIs) zvakaita semethanol kana PEG-200 kunowedzera kuchengetedza viscosity uye gel integrity, kunyanya mumamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya. Zvisinei, kuwanda kwavo kunofanirwa kugadziriswa—kuwedzerwa kwedosi kunowedzera kutetepa kweganda uye kunoderedza kugona kwekutakura proppant, zvichida kuyera kwakaringana nemidziyo mikuru inogocha.
Kugadzirisa Matambudziko: Kugadzirisa Zvinhu Zvisina Kutsanangurwa
Kana kupwanyika kwemvura inoyerera ichidonha, matanho akati wandei akakosha ekugadzirisa matambudziko. Kusakwana kwemvura uye kupararira kweguar gum kunowanzo konzera kuumbwa kwemapundu, zvichikonzera kuverenga kwe viscosity kusingatarisirwi uye kudzikira kwepropant suspension. Kusanganisa guar gum ne crosslinking agents kana kuparadzira powders muzvinhu zvisiri zvemvura zvakaita se glycol kunogona kudzivirira kuungana kwemvura uye kukurudzira kugadzirira mhinduro yakafanana. Nzira dzekuwedzera nekukurumidza uye dzakarongwa dzinofarirwa kudzivirira kukwira kwe viscosity kamwe kamwe; maitiro aya anoita kuti kusanganiswa kwakakwana uye kuderedza kuumbwa kwe sediment mumatangi ekusanganisa hydraulic fracturing fluid.
Kuvimbiswa kwemhando yepamusoro kunoenderana nekutevera kudyidzana pakati pezvinowedzera uye kutarisa kuora kwekupisa kana kuchekwa kunokonzerwa nekuchekwa. Matekiniki eMicroscopic nespectroscopic (SEM, FTIR) anoratidza kuumbwa kwezvisaririra uye kuputsika kwegel, izvo zvinoratidza matambudziko ekugadzira. Kugadzirisa kunogona kuda kuchinjana ma crosslinking agents—semuenzaniso, organozirconium systems, inoramba ichichengetedza anopfuura 89% ye viscosity yekutanga mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa (>120°C, high shear), yakakodzera kune mvura yakadzika kwazvo. Paunoshandisa stabilizers dzakadai semethanol nePEG-200, kuwanda kunofanirwa kugadziriswa nemazvo; mwero wakaderera unodzikama, asi kuwanda kunogona kuderedza viscosity uye kukanganisa kugona kwekutakura proppant.
Hunhu hwemvura hunogara huchibuda kunze kwechinangwa hunoda mhinduro chaiyo kubva kumasensa ari mumutsara uye kudzora mashandiro anotungamirwa nedata. Kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa maitiro, pamwe nekuchengetedza zvinofanotaurwa, zvinogadzirisa kusawirirana kuripo uye zvinowedzera kuvimbika kwekuyera viscosity, zvichinyatso gadzirisa dhizaini yematangi ekusanganisa, fracturing fluid rheology, uye long-term proppant suspension mumashandisirwo e hydraulic fracturing.
guar gum inogona kumisa jecha rine simba guru uye kugona kunyudza mvura
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MaViscometer Akazvigadzira ega ari mumutsara
Mukushandiswa kwe hydraulic fracturing,ma viscometer ari mumutsarayakaiswa zvakananga mukati memapombi ematangi ekusanganisa inopa data rinogara richioneka rekuti viscometer. Nzira dzemazuva ano—kusanganisira machine learning-based uye computer vision viscometers—inofungidzira kuti viscometer ye zero-shear inobva pakufungidzira kwemvura kana kuti dynamic response, inofukidza kubva pakunyungudika kusvika pakusviba kwakanyanya. Masisitimu aya anogona kubatanidzwa mu automated process control, zvichideredza kupindira nemaoko.
Muenzaniso:
- Ma viscometer akavakirwa pakuona kwekombiyuta anoongorora otomatiki viscosity estimate nekuongorora maitiro emvura iri muvharo rakapindurwa kana mudziyo wekuyerera, zvichipa mhedzisiro nekukurumidza kune otomatiki inotevera kana feedback loops.
Kutarisa Kuongororwa kweGuar Gum munguva chaiyo
Kuchengetedza huwandu hweguar gum panguva yekusanganisa kunoderedza kusiyana kwebatch uye kunotsigira mashandiro emvura inopwanyika. Tekinoroji dzekutarisa huwandu hweguar gum panguva chaiyo dzinosanganisira:
Tekinoroji yeSLIM (Ross Solids/Liquid Injection Manifold):SLIM inoisa guar gum powder pasi pemvura, ichiisanganisa ipapo ipapo nemvura kuburikidza nekusanganisa zvakanyanya. Dhizaini iyi inoderedza kuungana uye kurasikirwa nekunaka kwechinhu nekuda kwekusanganiswa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kudzora huwandu hwechinhu padanho rega rega.
Non-Nuclear Slurry DensityMkudyar:Mamita ekudzikisa huwandu akaiswa mumatangi ekusanganisa anotarisa hunyanzvi hwemagetsi uye shanduko dzehuwandu hwemagetsi sezvo guar gum ichiwedzerwa uye ichiparadzirwa, zvichibvumira kuteverwa kwehuwandu hwemagetsi nguva dzose uye kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.
Kufungidzira kweUltrasonic Kwakabatana neRheometry ("Rheo-ultrasound"):Iyi nzira yepamusoro inobata mifananidzo ye ultrasound inokurumidza (inosvika 10,000 frames/sec) pamwe chete nedata re rheometric viscosity. Inogonesa kutarisa panguva imwe chete huwandu hwenzvimbo, mwero wekuchekwa kwebvudzi, uye kusagadzikana, zvakakosha pakuona kusanganiswa kusingaenderane uye kuchinja nekukurumidza kwe viscous mu guar gum solutions.
Mienzaniso:
- Masensa emagetsi anodzivirira kupisa anozivisa vanoisa peturu kana kuwedzerwa kwehupfu kuchikonzera kutsauka kwehuwandu hwemafuta, zvichiita kuti kugadziriswa kuitwe nekukurumidza.
- Masisitimu eRheo-ultrasound anoona zviitiko zvinosanganisa, zvichiratidza kuungana kwenzvimbo kana kupararira kusina kukwana izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemvura inopwanyika.
Zvishandiso Zvinoshanda uye Zvenguva Dzose Zvekutarisa
Nzira dzakadai seMavhiscometer eindasitiri eLonnmeter ari mumutsarainopa nzira dzinoshanda uye dzakavimbika dzekuyera viscosity munzvimbo dzekugadzira. Zvishandiso izvi zvakakodzera kuongororwa nguva dzose panguva yekusanganisa, chero bedzi maitiro acho achiramba ari mukati mezvikamu zvakatarwa.
Maitiro Ekusimbisa Hunhu uye Kubatanidzwa
Masisitimu ekuyera kupenya nekudzika kwesimba anofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti avimbike uye akarurama:
- Maitiro ekugadzirisa:Kuongororwa kwesero nguva dzose zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvinozivikanwa kunoita kuti sensor ive yakarurama uye igare yakafanana.
- Kusimbiswa kweKudzidza Kwemuchina:Ma viscometer akavakirwa pakuona kwekombuta anodzidziswa ne neural network uye anoongororwa kuti aone kushanda kwe guar gum uye fluid viscosities dzakasiyana.
- Kubatanidzwa kweQA munguva chaiyo:Kubatanidzwa nemaitiro ekudzora maitiro kunobvumira kufambira mberi, kuona zvikanganiso, uye kupindura nekukurumidza kune zvakatsauka, zvichitsigira mhando yechigadzirwa uye kutevedzera mitemo.
Muchidimbu, kugona kuongorora kusimba kwegum uye kuzara kwayo kunogara kuchienderana nekusarudza nekubatanidza matekinoroji akakodzera. Ma rotational viscometer, advanced in-line sensors, SLIM mixing technology, uye rheo-ultrasound zvinopa tsinga yepfungwa, nepo maturusi anoshanda uye maQA protocol akasimba achivimbisa kushanda kwakavimbika mukati memaitiro ese ekusanganisa maindasitiri.
Tekinoroji dzekuyera dzekutarisa nguva dzose mumatangi ekusanganisa
Nheyo dzeKuyera Viscosity
Kuongororwa kwe viscosity nguva dzose mumatangi ekusanganisa kwakakosha pakudzora rheology ye guar gum-based fracturing fluids. Ma viscometer ari mumutsara akaiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri kuti ape data renguva chaiyo pamusoro pe guar gum viscosity. Ma sensor aya anoshanda zvakananga mukati menzira yekuyerera, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekutora sampuro nemaoko uye nokudaro zvichideredza kunonoka kwekupindura.
Vibhurezhationalma viscometerZvinonyanya kukosha pakuyera mvura isiri yeNewtonian nekuda kwekugona kwayo kubata mhinduro dzemvura dzinoshanduka. Zvishandiso zvakaita se inline process viscometer zvakagadzirirwa kuiswa mu-line uye zvinopa kuverenga kunogara kuchikodzera kuwanda kwakasiyana-siyana uye viscosities, sezvinowanikwa mukugadzirira hydraulic fracturing fluid. Nzira iyi inobudirira ne guar gum solutions nekuda kwemaitiro avo ekuchekerera uye huwandu hwakakura hwe viscosity, zvichiita kuti data riwanikwe zvakasimba uye kuvimbika kwemaitiro.
Kuongorora Kugara Uchitarisa
Kuti mvura ikwanise kupwanyika zvakanaka zvinoda kudzora huwandu hweguar gum. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa nzira dzekuyera huwandu hweguar gum dzakaita seACOMP (Kuongororwa Kwepombiyuta Kwepamhepo Kunogara Kuchiitwa)nzira yekushanda. ACOMP inoshandisa musanganiswa wemapombi ekumusoro, ma mixers, uye ma downstream optical detectors kuti ipe ma profiles ekuyera panguva chaiyo uye kuverenga kwe viscosity mukati sezvo mhinduro dze polymer dzichigadzirwa mumatangi makuru ekusanganisa.
Kutora sampuro inoshanda munzvimbo dzinosanganisa zvinhu zvine simba kunosanganisira kutevedzera sisitimu yechitatu-order kuti itsanangure kuchinja kwehuwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo. Kuongorora mhinduro dzenguva dzose kunovimbisa hukama hwakarurama pakati pemamodeli edzidziso nedata rekuyedza, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakodzera rwekugadzirira mhinduro yeguar gum nguva dzose. Matekinoroji aya akakodzera zvikuru pakusimbisa huwandu hwezvinhu nekukurumidza, kugadzirisa dosage, uye kuderedza kusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu.
Kubatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekuita madosing otomatikiinovandudzawo manejimendi yekutarisa huwandu hwevanhu vari munjodzi.mita yekuwanda kwe ultrasonicKana yakaiswa zvakananga mutangi kana paipi, inopa mhinduro dzinogara dzichiitika; mapombi anogadzirisa mwero wekuyerwa kwemushonga zvichienderana nedata remasensa aripo, zvichiita kuti guar gum viscosity vs concentration ienderane ne target fracturing fluid rheology. Kubatana uku kunoderedza kupindira kwevanhu uye kunobvumira chiito chekugadzirisa nekukurumidza kune mabheti asina kutsanangurwa.
Mhedzisiro yeZviwedzerwa uye Kugadziriswa kweMaitiro paGuar Gum Viscosity
Kugadziriswa kweSulfonation
Sulfonation inoisa mapoka esulfonate ku guar gum, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya viscosity uye kunyunguduka kwe guar gum solutions dzinoshandiswa mukupwanya kwe hydraulic. Mamiriro ekuita zvakanaka anoda kudzora tembiricha, nguva, uye huwandu hwe reagent. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate pa26°C, nenguva yekupindura kwemaawa maviri, 1.0%.NaOH, uye 0.5% sulfonate kuburikidza neguar gum mass, zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwe33% mukupenya kunooneka uye kudzikira kwehuwandu husinganyungudike mumvura ne0.42%. Shanduko idzi dzinowedzera kugona kwekutakura propant mumvura dzinopwanyika uye dzinotsigira kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa nekusefa.
Dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa sulfonation—dzakadai se sulfation ne sulfur trioxide–1,4-dioxane complex pa60°C kwemaawa 2.9, uchishandisa 3.1 mL chlorosulfonic acid—dzinoratidzawo kuwedzera kwe viscosity uye kudzikira kwezvikamu zvisinganyunguduke. Kuvandudzwa uku kunoderedza masara ari mumatangi ekusanganisa hydraulic fracturing fluid, zvichideredza njodzi yekuvharika uye zvichiita kuti flowback ive nani. FTIR, DSC, uye elemental analysis zvinosimbisa shanduko idzi dzechimiro, nekutsiviwa kwakanyanya panzvimbo yeC-6. Mwero wekutsiviwa uye kudzikira kwehuremu hwemamorekuru zvinoguma nekunyungudika kuri nani, antioxidant activity, uye enhancement efficiency viscosity—zviyero zvakakosha zve fracturing fluid rheology uye viscosity control zvinobudirira.
Zvinobatanidza uye Kubudirira Kwekugadzira
Kusviba kwegum muzvinwiwa zvinopwanyika kunobatsira zvikuru nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinobatanidza mativi. Organozirconium neborate-based cross-linkers ndidzo dzinonyanya kuwanikwa:
Organozirconium Cross-linkers:Zvinonyanya kufarirwa munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, organozirconium agents dzinowedzera kugadzikana kwekupisa kwema guar gels. Pa 120°C uye 170 s⁻¹ shear, hydroxypropyl guar gum yakabatana ne organozirconium inochengetedza zvinopfuura 89.7% ye viscosity yayo yekutanga. SEM imaging inoratidza maumbirwo enetwork ane mativi matatu ane saizi dzemapore ari pasi pe 12 μm, zvichitsigira kuvandudzwa kweproppant suspension uye kudzikira kweproppant setting velocity mu hydraulic fracturing.
Borate Cross-linkers:Zvishandiso zvechinyakare zve boric acid uye organoboron cross-linkers zvinoratidza kushanda zvakanaka pakupisa kuri pakati nepakati. Kushanda zvakanaka kunogona kuwedzerwa uchishandisa zvinowedzera zvakaita se polyethyleneimine (PEI) kana nanocellulose. Semuenzaniso, zvishandiso zve nanocellulose-boron zvinochengetedza viscosity iri pamusoro pe50 mPa·s pa110°C kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu pasi pekuchekwa kwakanyanya, zvichiratidza kupisa kwakasimba uye kuramba munyu. Kubatana kwehydrogen kubva ku nanocellulose kunobatsira kuchengetedza hunhu hwe viscoelastic hunodiwa kuti propant ikwanise kutakura mu fracturing fluids.
Kubatanidza gum mu guar gum kunotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwekuchekwa kwe shear uye elasticity, zvese zvakakosha pakupomba uye kusungirirwa kwe proppant. Ma hydrogels ane makemikari anoratidza kupora kwakasimba kwethixotropic, zvichireva kuti viscosity uye chimiro zvinodzorerwa mushure mekuchekwa kwakanyanya - zvakakosha panguva yekuisa mvura uye kucheneswa mumabasa e hydraulic fracturing.
Kuenzanisa Mhedzisiro yeNon-Polymeric vs Polymeric Fluid Systems
Masisitimu emvura epolymeric neasiri polymeric ane mapurofayiro akasiyana e rheological, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwepropant kutakura:
Masisitimu ePolymeric:Izvi zvinosanganisira natural (guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar) uye synthetic polymers. Polymeric fluids inogona kugadziriswa kuti ive viscosity, yield point, uye elasticity. Advanced amphoteric copolymers (semuenzaniso, ATP-I) inoita kuti viscosity retention ive nani uye rheological stability munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira uye ine salinity yakawanda zvichienzaniswa ne polyanionic cellulose formulations dzekare. Kuwedzera viscosity uye elasticity zvinowedzera proppant suspension, kuderedza setting velocity, uye kugadzirisa dhizaini yemixing tank ye fracturing fluids. Zvisinei, viscosity yakakwira inogona kukanganisa proppant transportation mu low-permeability formations kunze kwekunge yakanyatsoenzana.
Masisitimu Asina Kushandiswa Pakugadzira Zvinhu Zvisina Kushandiswa (Surfactant):Izvi zvinoshandisa ma surfactants e viscoelastic pane ma polymer network. Mvura inobva ku surfactant inopa masara akaderera, kudzoka nekukurumidza, uye kutakura proppant zvinobudirira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina kujairika uko kuchenesa kusina masara kunonyanya kukosheswa. Kunyange zvazvo masisitimu aya asinganyanyi kuchinjika kupfuura ma polymers, anoshanda zvakanaka maererano ne proppant suspension uye anoderedza njodzi yekuvharika mumatangi ekusanganisa mvura inopwanyika ne hydraulic fracturing.
Kusarudzwa pakati pemvura inopwanyika yepolymeric neisiri polymeric kunoenderana nechiyero chinodiwa pakati pekupenya, kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchenesa, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvinodiwa zvekutakura propant. Masisitimu ehybrid anosanganisa mapolymers nemasurfactants e viscoelastic ari kubuda kuti ashandise kupenya kwakanyanya uye kukurumidza kupora kwemvura. Kuedza kweRheological - uchishandisa linear oscillatory deformations uye flow sweep - kunopa ruzivo rwemaitiro ethixotropic nepseudoplastic, zvichibatsira mukugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo etsime.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Kupwanyika Kwemvura Yakasviba Uye Kugona Kutakura Proppant
Maitiro eRheological uye Kutakura Kunofambira Mberi
Kugadzirisa kusimba kwegum gum kwakakosha pakudzora kumhanya kwekugadzika kwepropant mukupwanyika kwe hydraulic. Kusimba kwemvura yakawanda kunoderedza kumhanya uko mapuroteni epropant anonyura, zvichiwedzera mukana wekutakurwa zvinobudirira mukati me network yekupwanyika. Kubatanidza kunosimudzira kusimba nekugadzira maumbirwo akasimba egel; semuenzaniso, organozirconium-crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar fluids inoumba network dzakasimba dzine saizi dzemapore ari pasi pe12 μm, izvo zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kumisa uye zvinoderedza kumhanya kwekugadzika zvichienzaniswa ne organoboron systems.
Kugadzirisa huwandu hweguar gum kunokanganisa zvakananga viscosity ye guar gum solutions. Sezvo huwandu hwepolymer huchikwira, ndizvo zvinoitawo crosslinking density uye gel strength, izvo zvinoderedza proppant sedimentation uye zvinowedzera nzvimbo. Muenzaniso: kuwedzera crosslinker concentration muHPG fluids kunoita kuti viscosity irambe iripo ne89% panguva yekuchekwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya (120°C), zvichiita kuti proppant ikwanise kutakura kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emudura.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Kugadzira
Maitiro ekushandisa data ikozvino anogonesa kudzora viscosity uye concentration yemvura inopwanyika panguva chaiyo. Mamodheru ekudzidza emuchina—masango asina kurongeka uye muti wesarudzo—anofanotaura rheological parameters dzakadai sekuverenga kweviscometer ipapo ipapo, zvichitsiva bvunzo dzemurabhoritari dzinononoka uye dzinoitwa nguva nenguva. Mukuita, matangi ekusanganisa mvura inopwanyika nehydraulic ane michina inoenderana nezvinodiwa uye masensa epiezoelectric anoyera viscosity yemhinduro dzeguar gum sezvo hunhu hwemvura huchichinja, nekugadzirisa kukanganisa kuburikidza nekuora kwe empirical mode.
Vashandi vanoongorora kusviba uye kuwanda kwechinhu chiri mukati, vobva vagadzirisa huwandu hweguar gum, crosslinkers, kana mamwe ma thickeners zvichibva pane zvinoitwa ne sensor live. Kugadziriswa uku kunongoitika panguva imwe chete kunoita kuti mvura inopwanyika irambe iine kusviba kwakakodzera kwemvura inopwanyika yeproppant suspension pasina nguva yekushanda. Semuenzaniso, kuyerwa kwe viscosity yepombi zvakananga kunopihwa muma control systems kunobvumira dynamic fluid tuning, zvichichengetedza kusviba kwakakodzera kweproppant sezvo reservoir kana operation parameters zvichichinja.
Migumisiro yekubatana pamwe chete neClay uye Temperature Stability Additives
Zvigadziko zvevhu uye zvinowedzera kugadzikana kwekupisa zvakakosha mukuchengetedza kusimba kweguar gum munzvimbo dzine hukasha uye dzinopisa zvakanyanya. Zvigadziko zvevhu—zvakadai sezvinobva muguar zvine sulfonated—zvinodzivirira kuzvimba nekufamba kwevhu; izvi zvinodzivirira kusimba kwemhinduro dzeguar gum kubva mukurasikirwa kamwe kamwe nekuderedza kusangana nemarudzi eionic mukuumbwa. Chigadziko chevhu chemazuva ano, sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate–chinogadziriswa guar gum, chinoita kuti kusimba kwemukati kukwanise kupwanyika uye kunodzivirira huwandu husinganyungudike mumvura, kuchengetedza chimiro chegel uye kumisa proppant kunoshanda kunyangwe mukugadzirwa kwevhu rakawanda.
Zvinosimbisa kupisa, zvinosanganisira zvinosimudzira supramolecular viscosifers zvepamusoro uye zvinodzivirira thermodynamic hydrate (semuenzaniso,methanol, PEG-200), inodzivirira kubva pakuputsika kwe viscosity pamusoro pe160°C. Mumasystem emvura ane brine uye tembiricha yakanyanya, izvi zvinowedzera zvinoita kuti viscosity irambe iri pamusoro pe200 mPa·s pasi pe180°C shear, zvichipfuura zvisviniro zveguar gum zvechinyakare.
Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
- Sulfonated guar gumkuti ivhu rirambe richikura uye tembiricha irambe yakasimba.
- Organozirconium crosslinkerskuti pave nekugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa.
- PEG-200seTHI yekuwedzera mashandiro emvura uye kuderedza masara.
Maitiro akadaro nemapakeji ekuwedzera anobvumira vashandisi kugadzirisa magadzirirwo ematangi ekusanganisa emvura inopwanyika uye kugadzirisa matekiniki ekuyera viscosity yegum kuti irambe ichipenya uye irambe ichipenya.kuyerwa kwehuwanduMugumisiro wacho unoratidza kugona kwekutakura propant zvakanaka uye kupararira kwemavanga nguva dzose, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakadzika zvakanyanya.
Kubatanidza Guar Gum Viscosity neProppant Repatting Velocity uye Kubudirira kweKupwanya
Kunzwisisa Kwemakanika muProppant Suspension
Kusviba kwegum gum kunoita basa rakananga mukudzora kumhanya kwekugadzika kwepropant panguva yekupwanyika kwehydraulic. Sezvo kusviba kwemhinduro dzegum gum kuchiwedzera, simba rekudhonza rinoshanda pazvikamu zvepropant rinokwira, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kudzika kwadzo. Muchokwadi, mvura ine huwandu hwakawanda hwegum gum uye hunhu hwakawedzerwa hweviscous - kusanganisira izvo zvakagadziriswa nepolymer additives uye fibers - zvinopa kugona kwakawedzerwa kwekutakura propant, zvichibvumira zvikamu zvakamiswa kuti zvirambe zvakapararira zvakaenzana munetwork yese yekupwanyika pane kuungana pasi.
Zvidzidzo zvemurabhoritari zvinoratidza kuti, zvichienzaniswa neNewtonian fluids, shear-thinning guar gel solutions dzinoratidza kumhanya kwakaderera kwepropant setting, zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwe viscosity uye elastic effects. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kaviri huwandu hweguar gum kunogona kuderedza nehafu kumhanya kwe setting, zvichiita kuti propant irambe yakamiswa kwenguva yakareba. Kuwedzera fibers kunowedzera kukanganisa sedimentation nekugadzira network yakaita se mesh, zvichikurudzira kuiswa kwepropant yakafanana. Mamodheru eEmpirical uye coefficients zvakagadzirwa kuti zvifanotaura mhedzisiro iyi pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekupwanyika uye efluid, zvichisimbisa kubatana pakati pe fluid rheology uye propant suspension.
Mumapundu apo upamhi hwacho hunoenderana nehupamhi hweproppant, kuvharirwa kunowedzera kunonoka kugadzika, zvichiwedzera mabhenefiti emhinduro dze high-viscosity guar. Zvisinei, kusviba kwakanyanya kunogona kudzikamisa kufamba kwemvura, zvichigona kuderedza kudzika kweproppant inoshanda uye kuwedzera njodzi yekuumbwa kwemarara izvo zvinokanganisa kufambisa kwemapfupa.
Kuwedzera Upamhi uye Kureba kweKutyoka
Kugadzirisa viscosity ye guar gum solutions kune simba guru pakupararira kwe fracture panguva yekupwanyika kwe hydraulic. High-viscosity fluids inowanzo buritsa fractures yakakura nekuda kwekukwanisa kwayo kuramba kuvharika uye kuparadzira cracks kuburikidza nedombo. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations uye acoustic emission monitoring zvinosimbisa kuti viscosity yakakwira inotungamira kune ma geometries akaomarara ekupwanyika uye hupamhi hwakawedzerwa.
Zvisinei, kutengeserana pakati pekupenya nehurefu hwekupwanyika kunofanirwa kutarisirwa nokungwarira. Kunyange zvazvo kupwanyika kwakafara kuchibatsira kuisa propant zvakanaka uye kufambisa simba, mvura inotsvedza zvakanyanya inogona kubvisa kumanikidzwa nekukurumidza, zvichidzivisa kukura kwekupwanyika kwenguva refu. Kuenzanisa kwemasimba kunoratidza kuti kudzikisa viscosity mukati memiganhu yakadzorwa kunogonesa kupinda kwakadzika, zvichipa kupwanyika kwakareba kunowedzera mukana wekuwana dura. Saka, viscosity inofanira kugadziriswa—kwete kuwedzerwa—zvichienderana nerudzi rwedombo, saizi yepropant, uye nzira yekushanda.
Kupatsanura fluid rheology, kusanganisira kuchekerera uye viscoelastic properties kubva mukuchinja gum gum, zvinoumba kuumbwa kwekutanga kwetsekwe uye maitiro ekukura anotevera. Kuedzwa kwemunda mu carbonate reservoirs kunosimbisa kuti kugadzirisa huwandu hweguar gum, kuwedzera thermal stabilizers, kana kuisa dzimwe nzira dze surfactant zvinogona kugadzirisa kupararira kwetsekwe, zvichiwedzera hupamhi nehurefu zvichienderana nechinangwa chekukurudzira.
Kubatanidzwa neDownhole Operational Parameters
Kusviba kwegum kunofanira kudzorwa nenguva chaiyo sezvo tembiricha yekudzika kwegomba nekumanikidzwa zvichichinja-chinja panguva yekupwanyika kwemvura. Kupisa kwakakwira pakadzika kunogona kuderedza kusviba kwegum fluids, zvichideredza kugona kwayo kumisa kusimba. Kushandiswa kwecrosslinkers, thermal stabilizers, uye zvimwe zvinowedzera - zvakaita sethermodynamic hydrate inhibitors - zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kusviba kwakakodzera, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya.
Kufambira mberi kwazvino muhunyanzvi hwekuyera viscosity, kusanganisira pipe viscometry uye regression modeling, zvinobvumira vashandisi kutarisa nekugadzirisa fracturing fluid viscosity nenzira inochinja. Semuenzaniso, matangi ekusanganisa hydraulic fracturing fluid anobatanidza ma sensors enguva chaiyo kuti atevere shanduko dze viscosity uye ongotora imwe guar gum kana stabilizers sezvinodiwa, zvichiita kuti propant ikwanise kutakura zvinhu nguva dzose.
Vamwe vanoshandisa guar gum vanowedzera kana kutsiva guar gum ne high-viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) kana synthetic polymers kuti vawedzere kugadzikana kwekupisa uye vaderedze njodzi dzeresidue. Aya masystem emvura anoratidza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuramba kusimba kwekucheka, achichengetedza viscosity yakanyanya yepropant suspension kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara.
Maparamita ekushanda akadai sehukuru hwepropant, huwandu, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, uye geometry yekutyoka zvinosanganiswa nemaitiro ekudzora viscosity. Kugadzirisa izvi zvinovimbisa kuti mvura yekutyoka inogona kuchengetedza kufambiswa kwepropant pamusoro pehurefu nehupamhi hwekutyoka kwaunoda, zvichideredza njodzi yekuvharika, kutenderera, kana kufukidzwa kusina kukwana. Kugadziriswa kweviscosity hakungobatsiri chete kufambisa kutyoka kwemvura asiwo kunovandudza kuyerera kwehydrocarbon kuburikidza nenzvimbo yakasimudzirwa.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
Mubvunzo 1: Kuwanda kweguar gum kunokanganisa sei viscosity yayo mu fracturing fluids?
Kuwanda kwegum gum kunowedzera kana huwandu hwayo hwakwira, zvichiwedzera zvakananga kugona kwayo kutakura propant yemvura. Ruzivo rwemurabhoritari runosimbisa kuti huwandu hunosvika 40 pptg hunopa kusimba kwakasimba, kuvhurika kuri nani, uye kusakara kushoma pane huwandu hwakakwira, zvichienzanisa mashandiro ekushanda uye mutengo. Munyu wakawandisa kana maion akawanda mumvura anogona kukanganisa kuzvimba kwegum gum, kuderedza kusimba uye kushanda kwekuputika.
Mubvunzo wechipiri: Chii chinoshanda mukugadzira guar gum mukuchengetedza mhando yemushonga?
Tangi rekusanganisa mvura inopwanyika ne hydraulic rinoita kuti guar gum ipararire zvakaenzana, richidzivirira mapundu nekusawirirana. Michina yekusanganisa yakawanda inosarudzwa, sezvo ichipfupisa nguva yekusanganisa, ichipwanya ma polymer agglomerates, uye ichivimbisa kusimba kwakafanana mukati memhinduro yese. Zvishandiso zvekuyera zvinogara zvichiitwa munguva chaiyo mumatangi ekusanganisa zvinobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hweguar gum hunodiwa uye mhando yemvura, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kana zvinhu zvikasiyana nezvinodiwa.
Mubvunzo wechitatu: Kuputika kwemvura inoyerera kunokanganisa sei kumhanya kwepropant setup?
Kupwanyika kwemvura inoyerera ndicho chinhu chikuru chinosarudza kuti zvikamu zvepropant zvinogara nekukurumidza sei. Kupenya kwakanyanya kunoderedza kumhanya kwekugadzika, zvichiita kuti propant irambe yakamiswa kwenguva yakareba uye zvichiita kuti ipinde zvakadzama mukupwanyika. Mamodheru emasvomhu anosimbisa kuti mvura ine kupenya kwakawedzerwa inovandudza kutakurwa kwakatwasuka, inovandudza geometry yebhangi, uye inokurudzira kuiswa kwakafanana kwepropant. Zvisinei, pane chinjana: kupenya kwakanyanya kunogona kupfupisa kureba kwekupwanyika, saka kupenya kwakakodzera kunofanira kusarudzwa kune mamiriro chaiwo emugodhi.
Mubvunzo wechina: Ndezvipi zvinowedzera zvinokanganisa viscosity yemhinduro dzeguar gum?
Kugadziriswa kweguar gum nesulfonation kunowedzera kusimba uye kusimba. Zvinowedzerwa zvakaita seboric acid, organoboron, uye organozirconium cross-linkers zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kusimba uye kusimba kwekupisa, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anowanzoitwa munzvimbo dzemafuta. Mhedzisiro yacho inoenderana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera: huwandu hwakawanda hwe cross-linker hunopa kusimba kukuru asi zvinogona kukanganisa kusimba kwekushanda uye mutengo. Munyu uye huwandu hweionic mumushonga zvine basawo, sezvo munyu wakawanda (kunyanya ma cations akawanda) zvinogona kuderedza kusimba nekuderedza kuzvimba kwepolymer.
Mubvunzo wechishanu: Ko viscosity yemvura inogona kuyerwa nekudzorwa nguva dzose panguva yekupwanyika kwematombo here?
Ehe, kuyerwa kwe viscometer kunoenderera mberi kunowanikwa uchishandisa ma viscometer ari mumutsara uye masisitimu ekuongorora ega ega. Ma viscometer epaipi uye masensa enguva chaiyo akabatanidzwa nemaalgorithms epamusoro anobvumira vashandisi kuteedzera, kugadzirisa, uye kugadzirisa viscometer yemvura inopwanyika panguva imwe chete. Masisitimu aya anogona kutsiva ruzha rwemasensa uye mamiriro ekunze anochinja, zvichikonzera kushanda kuri nani kwekutakura propant uye mhedzisiro yakagadziriswa ye hydraulic fracturing. Masisitimu ekudzora ane hungwaru anogonesawo kugadzirisa nekukurumidza kuchinjika kwemhando yemvura kana mwero wekuburitsa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-05-2025
