Kuyerwa kweViscosity yeOiri yeMafuta

Maitiro Ekuyera Kusimba kweOiri yeMafuta

Ma viscometer ari mukushanda anoona viscometer yemafuta emafuta nekuyera frequency yekudedera kwetsvimbo inodedera iri mumafuta. Akakodzera zvakanaka kune ma viscosity ane simba guru uye asiri maNewtonian fluids. Izvi zvinoita kuti ave akakosha pakushandiswa kwemafuta ane simba uye bitumen, zvichipa kuverenga viscosity kwenguva chaiyo uye nguva dzose munzvimbo dzese dziri mumunda.

Mabhenefiti e rotational viscometers:

• Yakakodzera mafuta akasiyana-siyana ekupenya, kunyanya mafuta akakwira zvakanyanya kana asiri eNewtonian.

• Inokwanisa kuyera nguva dzose uye otomatiki.

• Kutarisa kwenguva chaiyo kwemaitiro ekushandisa.

Miganhu:

• Kuyera zvisina kunanga kwekinematic viscosity iyo inoda kushandurwa.

Kufambira Mberi Kwazvino Mukuyedzwa Kwekusviba

• Sero rimwe chete rekuyera rine hunyanzvi hwakakura: Mudziyo mumwe chete unofukidza hupamhi hwe viscosity, zvichideredza kuchinjana kwemidziyo.

• Kuramba uchichinja uye otomatiki: Hapana chikonzero chekuchinja ma viscometers kune akasiyana ma ranges, zvakanakira nzvimbo dzine simba rakawanda.

• Zvinodiwa zvishoma zvesamples uye solvent: Kuwanda kwemasamples madiki uye kuchenesa otomatiki kunoderedza mari uye kusimudzira kuchengetedzeka murabhoritari.

• Kugadziriswa/kugadzirisa kushoma: Matanho ari nyore ekusimbisa anoderedza nguva yekushanda.

• Kubatanidzwa kwemaitiro akazara: Kuburitswa kwedhijitari nekukurumidza uye kubatanidzwa kuri nyore nehurongwa hwemaitiro otomatiki.

Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekuyera Viscosity

Maitiro ekuyera viscosity yemafuta emafuta anotanga nekubata nekugadzirira sampuli zvakasimba. Mafuta anofanira kunge akafanana uye kupfuura poindi yawo yekudururwa; kubata zvisina kunaka ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekusagona kudzokororwazve. Kudziisa sampuli usati wadziisa uye kusanganisa zvinyoro nyoro kunoderedza kupatsanurwa uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu. Mabhodhoro emuenzaniso akakodzera uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwakakosha.

Kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza ma viscometer kunotsigira kuvimbika kwekuyera:

• Shandisa zviyero zvekutarisa zvakabvumidzwa kuti utarise nguva dzose.

• Tarisa kuti mudziyo wacho wakarurama here uchishandisa ongororo yemvura inotarisa huwandu hwe viscosity hunotarisirwa.

• Chengeta ma viscometer akachena—mafuta akasara anogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro.

• Kuongororwa kwemagwaro uye nzira dzekuchengetedza kuti zvionekwe zviri nyore.

Kudzora tembiricha panguva yekuedza kwakakosha. Maitiro akajairika ndeekuyedza pa40°C ne100°C nekuti viscosity yemafuta emafuta inoenderana zvakanyanya netembiricha. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoenderana nemamiriro etembiricha akajairika mukuchengetedza uye mashandiro einjini. Kunyangwe kutsauka kwe0.5°C kunogona kushandura kuverenga viscosity zvakanyanya.

Kusarudza viscometer chaiyo zvinoenderana nekushandiswa uye rudzi rwemafuta:

• Magirazi e capillary viscometers: Mwero wegoridhe wekuongorora uye wekuongorora marabhoritari; zvakanakira mvura yakachena yeNewton.

• Viscometer dzinoshanda: Dzinoshandiswa pamafuta anorema, ane kusimba kwakanyanya, kana kuti asiri eNewtonian; shandisai nzira yekuyera zvinhu panguva chaiyo.

Kunzwisisa kuti sei kusimba kwemafuta emafuta kuchikosha—kunokanganisa zvakananga atomization, kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto, uye kupera kweinjini—kunofanira kutungamira kusarudzwa kwemudziyo, nzira, uye maitirwo eongororo yega yega. Miedzo inoitwa nemazvo inochengetedza mashandiro einjini, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini.

Mitemo uye Kutevedzera Mutemo muKusviba kweOiri yeMafuta

Pfupiso yeMaitiro Makuru

Kuyerwa kwekusimba kwemafuta emafuta kunoenderana nekutevedzera mitemo yakatarwa inoita kuti pave nekuenderana, kuchengetedzeka, uye kushanda zvakanaka mumashandisirwo ese. ASTM D445 neASTM D7042 zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa, pamwe chete neISO 3104 nezvimwe zvinodiwa.

Maitiro eASTM

• ASTM D445: Iyi ndiyo nzira yekare yekuyera kinematic viscometer, kunyanya uchishandisa girazi capillary viscometers. Yakasimba, inogamuchirwa nevakawanda, uye inoumba hwaro hwemiganhu yakawanda yemafuta.

• ASTM D7042: Imwe nzira yemazuva ano, D7042 inoshandisa Stabinger viscometers kuyera dynamic viscosity uye density panguva imwe chete. Nzira iyi inokurumidza, inosanganisira huwandu hwakakura hwe viscosities uye tembiricha, inoda sampuro shoma, uye inogona kuitwa otomatiki kuti iwedzere kubuda. Indasitiri yepeturu iri kuramba ichida nzira iyi yekuongorora nguva dzose uye yepamusoro nekuda kwekushanda zvakanaka uye kuchinjika kwekushanda.

• Mamwe maprotocol eASTM: Pamusoro pezvo, nzira dzakadai seASTM D396 dzinodzora miganhu ye viscosity yemhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta emafuta, zvichiratidza mashandiro ekugadzira magetsi uye mashandisirwo emaindasitiri.

ISO neInternational Equivalents

• ISO 3104:2023: Standard yeISO yazvino inoratidza musimboti weASTM D445 asi inowedzera huwandu hwemafuta, kusanganisira biofuel blends (kusvika ku50% FAME) uye mamwe mafuta matsva akadai seHVO neGTL. Inotsanangura maitiro maviri makuru:

  • Maitiro A: Magirazi ekubata capillary viscometers nemaoko.

  • Maitiro B: Ma capillary viscometers anongoerekana aonekwa.
    Ose akakodzera maNewtonian fluids asi ane machenjedzo pamusoro pemafuta asiri eNewtonian.

• Mitemo yeISO inotevedzwa uye inotariswa pasi rose, ichibatanidzwa zvakanaka nemitemo yenyika uye ichibatanidza zvinodiwa zveinjini dzengarava, mafekitori emagetsi, uye maburner emaindasitiri.

Zvinodiwa zveKutevedzera Mutemo

• Injini dzeShip (IMO MARPOL Annex VI): Kutevedzera mitemo yegungwa kunotarisa pamhando yemafuta, izvo zvinorayira nenzira isina kunanga kudzora kupenya kwemafuta kuti zvitsigire kushanda kwemoto uye kutevedzera mitemo yeutsi hunobuda. Kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2025, vashandi vengarava vanofanirwa kutevedzera magwaro akaomarara emhando yemafuta uye zvisungo zvesampuli. Kushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta anotevedzera mitemo—kunyanya mukati meEmission Control Areas (≤1,000 ppm sulfur)—kuda kuyerwa kwakarurama kwehutsi hunobuda uye zvinyorwa zvinoteverwa.

• Magetsi: ASTM D396 inotsanangura zvinodiwa zvezvipfungaidzo zvidiki, zvemabhizinesi, uye zvemaindasitiri. Kupenya kunofanirwa kuyerwa uye kusimbiswa kuti kugare mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa, uye kupisa kunowanzo dikanwa kuti pave nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwekupisa kuti zvive nyore kupomba uye kugadzira atomization.

• Zvishandiso zveIndasitiri: Kutevedzera mitemo yeASTM neISO viscosity kwakakosha pakuchengetedza mashandiro, kubata mafuta, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto. Viscosity isiriyo inokanganisa atomization yemafuta uye inogona kuwedzera kuburitsa utsi kana kukuvadza michina.

Kugadzira uye Kuongorora Kwepamusoro-soro Mafuta Emafuta

Kuvimba neTembiricha uye Kukura kweModhi

Kusviba kwemafuta emafuta kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekupisa, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kuyerera, atomization, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa. Kazhinji, hukama uhwu hunotevedzera uchishandisa Andrade naArrhenius equations, iyo inoratidza kuora kwe exponential kwe viscosity sezvo tembiricha ichikwira. Equation yemhando yeArrhenius inowanzo nyorwa se:

η = A · exp(Eₐ/RT)

Apo η iri viscosity, A i pre-exponential factor, Eₐ i activation energy, R i universal gas constant, uye T itembiricha muKelvin. Fomura iyi inoratidza chokwadi chekuti fluidity inowedzera sezvo simba rekupisa richikunda masimba epakati pemamorekuru.

Ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzakaratidza kuti equation yeVogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) uye mamodheru ekuyera ese anoshanda zvakanyanya kune mvura dzakaomarara dzakadai semafuta asina kucheneswa kana mafuta anorema. VFT equation,

η(T) = η₀ · exp[B/(T–T₀)],

inoisa maparamita akabatana netembiricha yekuchinja kwegirazi (T₀), ichipa fungidziro dzakarurama dze viscosity pamhando dzakasiyana dzetembiricha uye dzemhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta. Zvidzidzo zvakaongororwa nevezera zvinosimbisa kuti mamodheru aya anoshanda kupfuura nzira dzekuongorora, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kana nekusiyana kwezvimiro.

Kusarudza MaParamita Akakosha:

• Kukweva kweAPI: Izvi zvinoratidza huwandu hwemafuta uye zvakakosha pakufanotaura maitiro ekuyerera kwemafuta. Kukweva kweAPI kwakakwira kunowanzoita kuti pave nekukweva kwakaderera—zvakakosha pakugadzirisa uye pakushandisa simba zvakanaka.

• Chiratidzo cheFragility: Chinoratidza kudzikira kwe viscosity sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera pedyo nekuchinja kwegirazi. Mafuta ane zviratidzo zvefragility zvakanyanya anoratidza shanduko huru dze viscosity, zvichikanganisa mashandiro uye nzira yekupisa.

• Simba reKushanda: Rinomiririra chiyero chesimba rekufamba kwemamorekuru mumvura. Mafuta ane simba rekushanda rakawanda anoramba akasimba zvakanyanya patembiricha yakatarwa.

Mamodheru ekuyera Universal, akasimbiswa netsvagurudzo yemazuva ano, anopa nzira dzekubvisa maparamita aya kubva mukuyera viscosity. Semuenzaniso, chidzidzo chegore ra2025 chakashandisa modheru yekuyera global kumafuta asina kucheneswa, ichibatanidza tembiricha yekuchinja kwegirazi nesimba rekuita kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakananga kuAPI gravity uye molecular makeup. Izvi zvinogonesa vashandisi kufanotaura shanduko dze viscosity nekuda kwekusanganiswa, kuchinja kwetembiricha, uye kusiyana kwemavambo nekuvimbika kukuru.

Mabhenefiti muKutevedzera Maitiro uye Kugadzirisa:

• Kushandiswa kwakakura kwemuenzaniso wemaitiro: Hakuchina kudziviswa nemiganhu yefomura yekuongorora - mamodheru anobata mhando dzakasiyana dzemasampuli emafuta asina kuchekwa.

• Kudzora kwakawedzerwa maitiro: Vashandi vanogona kutarisira kushanduka-shanduka kwe viscosity uye kugadzirisa kupisa, kusanganisa, kana kuwedzera dosing kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvakakwana zvekuyerera uye atomization.

• Kushanda nesimba kwakawedzerwa uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo: Ruzivo rwakarurama rwekupenya runotsigira magadzirirwo einjini nezvinotsva kuti zviite kuti moto utsve zvakakwana uku uchideredza mahydrocarbon asina kupiswa uye kuburitswa kweCO₂.

Kushandisa mamodheru aya epamusoro-soro kunoita kuti mabasa ekutsvaga neindasitiri afambire mberi, zvichiita kuti masisitimu ekutarisira mafuta anorema ashande panguva chaiyo, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika.

Kubatanidza Data reViscosity muKuongorora Kushanda uye Kuburitsa Hutsi

Kubatanidzwa kwakakodzera kwedata rekusimba kwemafuta emafuta mukushanda uye kuongororwa kwekubuda kwemhepo kwakakosha kuti mashandiro ashande zvakanaka uye akachena. Kusimba kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kweatomization mukati memajekiseni nemaburner. Kusimba kwakanyanya kunokanganisa kuumbwa kwemadonhwe madiki, zvichikonzera kupiswa kusina kunaka, kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakawanda, uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya (kunyanya mahydrocarbon asina kupiswa uye zvinhu zvidiki). Kusiyana neizvi, kusimba kwakagadziriswa kunotsigira kusimba kwakaderera, zvichitungamira mukupiswa kwakakwana uye kusvibiswa kwakaderera [Lonnmeter].

Zvinokonzera Kushanda Kwemasisitimu:

• Kubuda Kwesimba: Ongororo yeinjini ya2025 yakawana kuti kuderedza kusimba kwemafuta (semuenzaniso, kubva kuSAE 10W-40 kusvika kuSAE 5W-30) kwakawedzera simba reinjini kusvika ku6.25% nekuda kwekugadzikana kuri nani kwekupisa.

• Kushandiswa kwemafuta: Mishumo yakawanda inoratidza kuti mafuta ane viscosity yakawanda anokonzera kupisa kusina kukwana, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta chaiwo uye kusakara kweinjini. Kuderedzwa kwakadzorwa—nekudziyisa kana kusanganisa—kunogara kuchiita kuti mafuta asade kushandiswa.

• Nhoroondo yeEmissions: Data rezviitiko rinoratidza kudzikira kukuru muCO₂ uye huwandu hwese hwehydrocarbon hunobva mumhepo kana viscosity ikatarisirwa nemazvo. Semuenzaniso, kupisa mafuta anorema kana kusanganisa nemafuta akareruka zvakaderedza kuburitswa kwemahydrocarbon panzvimbo yakakwirira ne95% uye kuvandudza mashandiro emafuta.

Kushanda Nesimba Uye Kubudirira Kwezvakatipoteredza:

• Kubatana kwakananga pakati pekuderedza viscosity uye kudzora utsi: viscosity yakaderera = atomization iri nani = mashoma mahydrocarbon asina kupiswa uye tiiculates.

• Kushandiswa kwemafuta chaiwo kunoderera sezvo viscosity inosvika padanho rakakodzera, zvichipa mabhenefiti ezvehupfumi uye ekutevedzera mitemo.

Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwemaitiro akasimba ekuyera viscosity yemafuta emafuta, kutevedzera mitemo yeASTM, uye kushandiswa kwevanoongorora vepamusoro kuti varambe vachitarisa uye vachigadzirisa. Kunyatsoteerera viscosity kunoita kuti masisitimu emafuta emafuta ashande zvakanaka pasina kukanganisa zvakanyanya zvakatipoteredza.

Pfungwa Dzinoshanda dzeKugadzira Maitiro

Kutarisa uye Kudzora Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi

Maitiro emazuva ano ekushandisa otomatiki anoshandisa nzira yekuyera viscosity panguva chaiyo, iri mumutsara kuti mafuta emafuta arambe achiyerera zvakanaka uye aine hunhu hwekupisa. Ma viscometer ari mumutsara, akadai sema viscometer ari mumutsara, anopa kuverenga viscosity kunoenderera mberi, kwakasimba zvakananga kubva mumutsara wemaitiro. Midziyo iyi inoshandisa matekinoroji anopa kuiswa nekukurumidza uye kudzokorora kwakanyanya pasina kugadzirisa nguva nenguva.

Kubatanidzwa zvakananga nevanodzora mashandiro, kunyanya maPID loops, kunobvumira masisitimu ekugadzirisa mafuta otomatiki kugadzirisa kupisa kwekutanga, nokudaro vachitarisa nzvimbo dzakatarwa dze viscosity pakuendesa kumaburner. Iyi dhizaini yakavharwa-loop inopa mabhenefiti akati wandei:

• Kushanda Nesimba Kwemoto Zvakavandudzwa: Mhinduro chaiyo inovandudza atomization yemafuta, inowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto uye inoderedza mari inoiswa mumoto.

• Kuchengetedza Kushoma: Chiyero cheLonnmeter chine viscosity chakasiyana hachina zvinhu zvinofamba uye chinogona kuramba kusvibiswa netsvina kana zvinhu zvinosvibisa.

• Kuvimbika: Kunzwa kwemukati kunopa data rakarurama risingakanganiswe nekumhanya kwekuyerera kana kudedera kwemuchina, zvichitsigira kushanda kwakasimba munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzegungwa kana maindasitiri.

Masisitimu e-viscometer e-kinematic capillary otomatiki uye maVFMU anowedzera kugona uku. Sarudzo dzepamusoro dzinoshandisa computer vision yekuongorora viscosity isingabatanidzwe, kuderedza kusvibiswa uye kupa data redhijitari rekutarisira kana kuteverwa kwemiti.

Kugadzirisa Matambudziko uye Matambudziko Akajairika

Kuyerwa kwe viscosity kunobudirira kunogona kusangana nematambudziko akati wandei:

Kuziva nekugadzirisa Zvisina Kunaka zveKuyera

Kuverenga kusingatarisirwi—kwakadai sekukwira kwemusoro kusingawanzoitiki, kusvetuka, kana kusiya chikoro—kuda kugadziriswa kwakarongeka:

• Tarisa Kugadziriswa kweSensor: Simbisa kuenzaniswa kwemudziyo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zve viscosity (senge maprotocol eASTM) kuti usashandise nzira yekudzungaira.

• Ongorora Mabatirwo Emagetsi: Waya dzisina kusimba kana nzira dzisina kunaka dzemasaini ndizvo zvinowanzokonzera zvikanganiso pakuyera.

• Ongorora Magadzirirwo eMudziyo: Kukanganisa kwepurogiramu kana nzvimbo dzisina kuenderana zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana kwedata. Tarisa mabhuku ehunyanzvi emugadziri kuti uwane matanho ekusimbisa.

Kugadzirisa Kusvibiswa, Kuyerera kweTembiricha, uye Zvikanganiso zveCalibration

• Kusvibiswa: Kuunganidzwa kwevhu kana tsvina pedyo nemuromo we sensor kunogona kukanganisa kuverenga. Sarudza masensa ane nzvimbo dzakatsetseka, dzisinganamati uye matombo mashoma. Kune michina inobatwa nehutachiona, kuongororwa nguva nenguva uye kuchenesa zvinokurudzirwa.

• Kufamba kweTembiricha: Kupenya kunoenderana zvakanyanya netembiricha. Simbisa kuti kuverenga kwese kwakanyorwa uye kwagadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro akajairwa (kazhinji 40°C kana 100°C) kuti kuongororwa kudzokororwe.

• Zvikanganiso zveCalibration: Kusimbiswa kwakarongwa nemafuta akajairika uye kutevedzera maitiro ekugadzirisa emugadziri zvinodzivirira kufamba kwenguva refu uye zvinoita kuti kuyerwa kuonekwe.

Kana zvinhu zvisina kumira zvakanaka zvikaramba zviripo, tarisa magwaro emugadziri kuti uwane ruzivo rwekuongorora masensa kana kuti chinja zvinhu zvinofungidzirwa kuti udzorere kunaka kwekuyera.

Kugadzirisa Kuchinja Kwemhando Yemafuta

Kudzora kusimba kwemafuta kunowedzera kuoma nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kunowanikwa mumhando dzemazuva ano dzemafuta emafuta uye musanganiswa, kusanganisira misanganiswa yeHFO-biofuel.

Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Kuyera Nekudzora Zvinoenderana Nezvinodiwa

• Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Anochinjika: Shandisa nzira dzekudzidzira dzinoratidza kufembera (MPC) kana nzira dzekudzidza dzinosimbisa dzakabatana ne viscometry yenguva chaiyo kuti pave nemhinduro inochinja-chinja mukuumbwa kwemafuta.

• Kugadziriswa kweTembiricha neAdditive: Gadzirisa otomatiki ma setpoints e preheater, kana kuti dosing ye flow improvers, zvichienderana nekusiyana kwe viscosity kwakayerwa.

• Kufungidzira: Shandisa mamodheru ekudzidza emuchina akadzidziswa nezvemusanganiswa wenhoroondo uye data repfuma kuti ufanotaura kusviba uye kugadzirisa maparamita emaitiro usati watanga.

Kukanganiswa Kwehunhu hweMafuta Pakusviba uye Mashandiro

• Zvipingamupinyi Pakushanda: Mafuta anoshanduka-shanduka anoda kudzorwa kunochinjika, sezvo magiredhi akasiyana anopindura zvakasiyana kukupisa nekuchekwa. Kukundikana kuchinjika kunogona kutungamira mukusapisa kana kupfuudza atomu, zvichikonzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto uye kuburitsa utsi.

• Zvinodiwa Pakushandisa Zvishandiso: Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kunge zvakasimba pakuchinja kwemakemikari emafuta, kusvibiswa, uye tembiricha yakakwira, zvichiita kuti kuyerwa kwacho kugadzikane uye kwakarurama mumamiriro ezvinhu anochinja-chinja.

• Kutevedzera Mutemo Nemitemo: Kuchengetedza viscosity yemukati kwakakosha pakutevedzera mitemo uye kudzivirira kusakara kana kutadza kushanda kweinjini [Nei Viscosity Yakakosha Mumafuta].

Semuenzaniso, kuchinja kubva kuHFO ine viscosity yakakura kuenda kubio-blend yakareruka kunogona kuda kukurumidza kugadzirisa mwero wekupisa uye pamwe kugadzirisa sensor range kuchengetedza atomization yakakwana uye mhando yekupisa. Masensa epamusoro uye nzira dzekudzora dzakakosha pakushanda kwemafuta emafuta kwakavimbika uye kwakanaka kana paine shanduko yakadaro.

Kuyera kusimba kwemafuta emafuta nemazvo kuchiri kukosha pakugadzirisa mashandiro, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kugadzikana muzvikamu zvesimba nekufambisa. Kusimba kunokanganisa zvakananga kugadzirwa kwemafuta, kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta, uye mapurofiti emhepo. Kusimba kusingakoshi kunogona kukonzera kusapinza mafuta zvakanaka, kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta, kusvibisa zvakanyanya, uye kusakara kweinjini—zvichiita kuti kuyera kwakanyatsonaka kuve kwakakosha kune vanoshanda nemainjiniya ekugadzira zvinhu zvakafanana.nei-kupenya-kwakakosha-mumafuta.