Kutarisira zvakanaka mvura inopwanyika ndiyo chinhu chikuru pakuwedzera kuburitswa kwemethane ine marasha. Kuyerwa kwe viscosity panguva chaiyo kunobatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko aya nekupa mhinduro nekukurumidza pakuongorora rheology yemvura inopwanyika panguva yekushanda. Matura emethane ane marasha (CBM), anotsanangurwa nekusapinda kwemvura uye ma microstructure akaomarara, anoda kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka kwehunhu hwemvura inopwanyika kuti abudirire kupwanyika kwe hydraulic uye kudzoreredza methane zvakanaka.
Matambudziko ekushanda achiripo, kunyanya kupwanyika kwejeri kusina kukwana, kupwanyika kwemvura isina kukwaniswa, uye kusvibiswa kwemethane zvisina kunaka. Kupwanyika kwejeri kusina kukwana kunoita kuti polymer residues irambe iripo mumacoal seams, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kuyerera kwemethane uye kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekudzoserwa kwayo. Kusafamba zvakanaka kwemvura inopwanyika yehydraulic kunowedzera kukuvara kwemvura inopwanyika, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa uye kuwedzera nguva yekuchenesa matsime. Zvipingamupinyi izvi pamwe chete zvinoderedza kugadzirwa kwegasi uye zvinowedzera mari yekushanda.
Kunzwisisa Kubviswa kweMethane Yakakangwa
Chii chinonzi Coalbed Methane?
Coalbed methane (CBM) imhando yegasi rechisikigo rinonyanya kunyungudutswa pamusoro pemarasha uye mamwe aripo mu network yekupwanyika kwemusungo wemarasha. Kusiyana negasi rechisikigo remazuva ano, iro rinoungana mumatombo ane maburi, CBM inobatwa mukati me matrix yemarasha nekuda kwehunhu hwakasiyana hwe micropore yemarasha uye nzvimbo yayo huru yemukati. Methane inobatwa nemasimba ekunyungudutswa, zvichiita kuti kuburitswa kwayo kuenderane nekuchinja kwekumanikidzwa mudura uye nemaitiro ekubviswa kwemusungo mukati memusungo wemarasha.
Madura eCBM ane matambudziko akasiyana kana tichienzanisa nekutorwa kwegasi kwakajairika. Maumbirwo maviri emarara ane maburi—kutyoka kwechisikigo (maburi) pamwe chete nema micropores—zvinoreva kuti kuyerera kwemvura kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekubatana kwemarara, nepo kuchengetwa kwegasi kuchidzorwa nenzvimbo yepamusoro yemarara emarasha. Mwero wekubviswa kwemvura unogona kuchinja zvakanyanya nekuda kweminda inoshanduka yekushushikana uye kusiyana kwenzvimbo dzezvemamiriro ekunze. Kuzvimba kwemarara emarasha, kunyanya panguva yekuiswa kweCO₂ kuti pave nekupora kwakanyanya (CO₂-ECBM), kunogona kuderedza upamhi hwekutyoka kwemvura uye kuderera kwekuyerera kwemvura, zvichideredza kuyerera kwegasi asi dzimwe nguva zvichiwedzera kubviswa kwemvura kuburikidza nemakwikwi e adsorption mechanisms. Katsika kemarasha kekukurumidza kuchinja kwemvura pasi pekumanikidzwa uye kukanganiswa nekusagadzikana kwemvura kunowedzera kuoma mashandiro ekugadzira uye kuda nzira dzakagadzirwa dzekukurudzira nekudzora kuyerera kwemvura.
Kupinza Steam muKupora kweHeavy Oil Thermal
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Chii chinonzi Coal Bed Methane?
Kukosha kweKupwanya Mvura muMabasa eCBM
Mvura inopwanyika inokosha pakuburitsa CBM, kunyanya tichifunga nezvekuti kudiwa kwekuvhura migero yemarasha isingapindi mvura yakawanda uye kuita kuti methane inonyungudutswa ibude uye ifambe zvakanaka. Mabasa makuru emvura iyi anosanganisira:
- Kugadzira nekuwedzera kutsemuka kwematombo kuti pave nekubatana pakati pematrix emarasha netsime rekugadzira.
- Kutakura zvinhu zvinotsigira (zvimedu zvakasimba) zvakadzika kusvika zvatsemuka kuitira kuti nzira dzekufambisa gasi dzirambe dzakavhurika kana kumanikidzwa kwaburitswa.
- Kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekushushikana kwenzvimbo kuti zvivandudze mafambiro ekuputsika kwemvura uye kuwedzera goho remethane.
Hunhu hukuru hwemvura dzinopwanyika kuti CBM ikurudzirwe zvakanaka ndeidzi:
- Kusviba: Yakakura zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kumisa uye kutakura propant, asi inofanira kupwanyika nyore nyore kuti idzoke zvakanaka uye idzoke zvakanaka mumvura inopwanyika. Kusviba kunodzora kuti propant dzinotumirwa zvakanaka sei uye kunokanganisa kusviba kwemvura inodzoka, zvichikanganisa kusviba kwejeli uye nguva yekupora.
- Kutakura Zvinhu Zvisingatarisirwi: Kugona kuchengetedza mapropants akarembera uye kuona kuti akaiswa zvakaenzana kwakakosha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine marasha dzinokonzera zvikanganiso kana mapatani asina kurongeka. Matekinoroji matsva emvura, akadai se high viscosity friction reducer fluids (HVFRs) uye hydrophobic polymer/surfactant composites, akagadzirwa kuti agadzirise kutakurwa kwepropants uye kuvandudza kubuda kwemethane pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana emugodhi.
- Kugadzikana kweGel: Mvura inobva mujeli—kusanganisira silica gel variants—inofanira kuchengetedza kugadzikana pasi pekupisa kwakajairika kwemugodhi uye munyu, ichidzivisa kuputsika nguva isati yakwana kusvika yamutswa. Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekupwanyika kwejeli uye kushanda kwejeli mukupwanyika kwemvura kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kudzoka kwemvura mukubviswa kwemethane yemarasha uye kudzivirira kupwanyika kwejeli kusina kukwana, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kudzoserwa kwemvura uye kukanganisa kupinda kwemvura mugodhi.
Kuvandudzwa kuri kuitwa nemakemikari anopwanya gel kuti anyatso dzora nguva uye huwandu hwekuputika kwegel, zvichibvumira vashandisi kuti vagone kushandisa gel breaker dosage, kuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemvura inopwanya hydraulic, uye kuderedza njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwekugadzirwa. Kufambira mberi kwekutarisa kwakadai sekuongorora viscosity panguva chaiyo kuri kuva tsika yekugadzirisa mashandiro ekushanda, kuve nechokwadi chekuti fracturing fluid inoshanda zvakanaka panguva yese ye coalbed methane hydraulic fracturing process.
Mvura inopwanyika ne hydraulic fracturing inoramba ichichinja kuti ishande zvakanaka paCBM, zvichikonzerwa nekudiwa kwekuisa propant zvakanaka, kupwanya gel kwakavimbika, uye kuburitsa methane yakawanda kubva mumakomba emarasha akaomarara.
Kupwanya Gel: Pfungwa uye Pfungwa Dzakakosha Dzekudzora
Chii chinonzi Gel Break uye Gel Breaking Endpoint?
Kuputsika kwejeli kunoreva kuputsika kwemajeli epolymer anoshandiswa mukupwanya mvura panguva yekubviswa kwemethane yakachekwa nemarasha. Majeli aya, akakosha pakumisa mapropants uye kudzora kusviba kwemvura, anofanira kuchinja kubva pajeli ine viscosity yakakura kuenda kumvura ine viscosity yakaderera kuti mvura idzoke zvakanaka.gel breaking endpointndiyo nguva iyo viscosity inodonha pasi pemuganho wakatarwa, zvichiratidza kuti gel haisisiri kukanganisa kufamba kwemvura iri mudura uye inogona kugadzirwa zviri nyore kubva pakuumbwa kwayo.
Kuwana magumo ekupwanyika kwegel akakodzera mukupwanyika kwehydraulic kwakakosha. Magumo akakodzera nenguva anovimbisa kudzoserwa kwemvura yekupwanyika nekukurumidza uye kwakakwana, anoderedza kukuvara kwekuumbwa, uye anowedzera goho remethane. Semuenzaniso, masisitimu epamusoro ekupwanya gel anosunungurwa kwenguva refu—akadai se mesoporous SiO₂ nanoparticles kana bio-enzyme breakers—anobvumira vashandisi kudzora nguva nekukwana kwemaitiro ekupwanya gel, vachigadzirisa viscosity curve kuti ienderane nemamiriro ekuchengetedza uye zvinodiwa pakushanda. Miedzo yemumunda inoratidza kuti kutarisa viscosity munguva chaiyo uye kuburitswa kwebreaker kwakangwara kunoenderana nekushanda kwakavandudzwa kwekubuda kwemvura uye mwero wekubviswa kwemethane.
Migumisiro yeKupwanyika kweGel Isina Kukwana
Gel isina kukwana inopwanya mashizha akasara ari mapolymer kana zvidimbu zvegel mukati medura remarasha uye network yekupwanyika. Izvi zvinosara zvinogona kuvhara nzvimbo dzemaburi, kuderedza kupinda kwemvura mudura, uye kukanganisa kubviswa kwemethane. Kukuvadzwa kwekuumbwa kunodzivirira kufamba kwegasi, zvichikonzera goho shoma uye zvinokanganisa kudzoreredzwa kwemvura inopwanyika nehydraulic.
Uyezve, kupwanyika kusina kukwana kunowedzera kuchengetedza mvura mumusungo wemarasha. Mvura iyi yakawandisa inovhara nzira dzekuyerera kwegasi uye inoderedza kushanda kwe flowback hydraulic fracturing. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvekuenzanisa zvinoratidza kuti mvura itsva inobva mu hydrophobic polymer/surfactant inoita kuti gel break ikwane uye inosiya masara mashoma pane masisitimu akajairwa, zvichikonzera kuti methane idzoke zvakanyanya. Kupindira kwakadai sekurapa acid mushure mekupwanyika kwakaratidzwa kuti kunodzoreredza kupenya kwemvura, asi kudzivirira kunoramba kuri nani kuburikidza nekugadzirisa maitiro ekupwanyika kwegel.
Kugadzirisa Chipimo cheGel Breaker
Kugadzirisa huwandu hwejel breaker hwakakosha pakuputika kwegel. Chinangwa ndechekuisa gel breaker chemical additives yakakwana—yakadai se bio-enzymes, oxidants dzechinyakare, kana nanoparticle-encapsulated breakers—kuparadza gel pasina kusiya makemikari akawandisa mudura. Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwejel kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekukurumidza kwe viscosity panguva yekuisa proppant, nepo kushaya huwandu hwejel kunokonzera kuputika kwejel kusina kukwana uye kuunganidzwa kwemasaisai.
Maitiro epamusoro ekuyera huwandu hwemvura anoshandisa masisitimu ekudzikisa ganda kana ma enzyme anokonzereswa nekupisa kuti aenzane nenguva yekudzikisa gel. Semuenzaniso, sulfamic acid yakavharirwa mu urea-formaldehyde resin inobvumira kuburitswa kwemvura zvishoma nezvishoma kwakakodzera kuumbwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti viscosity iderere chete kana mvura yatanga kudzoka. Zvishandiso zvekutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo zvinopa mhinduro dzinobatsira kugadzirisa kushanda kwemvura inopwanya gel, zvichitsigira kupindira nekukurumidza kana viscosity profile ikatsauka kubva pachirongwa chekushanda.
Mienzaniso kubva muongororo dzechangobva kuitwa inoratidza mabhenefiti acho: Kana dosage yebreaker yaienzaniswa ne fracturing fluid viscosity uye tembiricha yemugodhi, vashandi vakawana fracturing fluid flowback nekukurumidza, makemikari akasara akaderera, uye goho re methane rakavandudzika. Kusiyana neizvi, maitiro e generic dosage anowanzo kukonzera kunonoka kana flowback isina kukwana, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwedata renguva chaiyo uye breaker concentration yakagadzirirwa matekiniki e coalbed methane hydraulic fracturing.
Kutarisa Kupwanyika Kwemvura Inoyerera: Maitiro uye Tekinoroji
Nzira dzekuyera kupwanyika kwemvura inoyerera
Kubviswa kwemethane yemarasha kwemazuva ano kunoenderana nekudzora kupenya kwemvura inopwanyika.Kuyera kwemaziso paindanetiuye matekinoroji ekuona ma "real-time" anobvumira vashandisi vemunda kuti varambe vachitevera viscosity panguva yekubuda kwe "hydraulic fracturing flowback". Sarudzo dzakakosha dzinosanganisira:LonnmeterViscometer iri mumutsetse, iyo yakagadzirwa kuti ikwanise kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mumunda uye inosangana nezvinodiwa zveAPI zvekuyedza viscosity. Kugara kwayo kwenguva refu kunokodzera mashandiro eCBM ane simba rakawanda uye inobvumira kugara ichiongororwa pamatangi ekusanganisa kana mapombi ejekiseni.
Nzira dzechinyakare dzemurabhoritari, dzakadai sema viscometer anotenderera, dzinosanganisira kuunganidza sampuro uye kuyera viscosity ne torque inodiwa kuti spindle itenderere nekukurumidza kwakafanana.mvura dzisiri dzeNewtonianZvakajairika muCBM hydraulic fracturing techniques, nzira dzekutenderera murabhoritari dzinopa kunyatsorongeka kwakanyanya asi dzinononoka, dzinounza kunonoka kwesampuru, uye dzinowanzo kundikana kubata shanduko dze dynamic viscosity munguva chaiyo. Nzira dze ultraviolet ne computer-vision-based dzekuongorora viscosity dzakabuda kuti dziongororwe zvakanyanya asi dzichiri kuenderana nerabhoritari.
Ma viscometer anodzungunyika, dzakadai semhando dzetsvimbo dzinodedera, dzinoyera zvakananga viscosity mumunda nekuona vibrational damping kana resonance change. Nzira idzi dzinoita kuti pave nekuongorora nekukurumidza uye nguva dzose panguva yekupwanyika kwemvura inoyerera.
Kutarisa Munguva Chaiyo vs. Kuenzanisa Kwenguva Dzose
Kutarisa viscometer panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti vashandi vape mhinduro nekukurumidza pakusarudza kwakakosha kwekudzora maitiro. Ma viscometer ari mumutsara uye masisitimu e sensor anopa kuverenga otomatiki, kuenderera mberi pasina kunonoka kunoenderana nekuunganidzwa kwesampuro uye kuongororwa kwerabhoritari. Kupindura uku kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kudzoka kwemvura mukubviswa kwemethane yemarasha, sezvo kuona kwekutanga kwekuputika kwegel kusina kukwana kunogonesa kugadziriswa panguva yakakodzera kwemuyero we gel breaker uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Semuenzaniso, zvinowedzera zve gel breaker zvinoburitswa kwenguva refu, zvakaita se paraffin-coated silica nanoparticles, zvinoda nguva yekushanda kwavo nekudonha kwe viscosity chaiyo, zvinongogoneka chete nedata renguva chaiyo. Kusiyana neizvi, kutora sampling murabhoritari hakugone kuona shanduko dzinokurumidza, kunonoka kugadzirisa uye kuisa panjodzi yekudzoserwa kwemvura ye hydraulic fracturing.
Uyezve, zvinowedzera zvemakemikari zvinoshandisa enzyme uye CO₂-responsive gel zvinoshandisa CO₂ zvinoenderana nemhinduro dzekukurumidza pamusoro pemafambiro e viscosity. Kuyerwa kwe viscosity nguva dzose kunotsigira dynamic dosing uye activation, kuvandudza kushanda kwe gel breaker mu fracturing fluids uye kugadzirisa kushandiswa panguva ye coalbed methane hydraulic fracturing techniques.
Mabhenefiti makuru ekutarisa panguva chaiyo anosanganisira:
- Kukurumidza kupindura kukuchinja-chinja kwe viscosity panguva yekupwanyika kwemvura inoyerera.
- Kuderedzwa kwemarara echigadzirwa uye kugadzikana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu.
- Kubatanidzwa zvakananga muhurongwa hwekudzora maitiro uye masisitimu ekutevedzera mitemo.
Maparamita Akakosha Ekutevera
Chiratidzo chakakosha mukutarisa mvura inopwanyika ne hydraulic fracturing fluid i flowback fluid viscosity. Kutevera paramita iyi munguva chaiyo kunoratidza mamiriro ekushanda kwe gel breaking uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe breaker. Shanduko huru mu flowback fluid viscosity chiratidzo kana gel breaking yapera, zvichida kusarudzwa kwe end-point uye kushandiswa kwe breaker. Kudzidzira kwemuchina uye kugadzirisa masaini epamberi, akadai sekuora kwe empirical mode, kunonatsa kururama kwedata kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma eindasitiri, zvichiita kuti pave neruzivo rwakakosha panguva yekushanda kwe fracturing.
Zvikamu zvakakosha zvenguva chaiyo zvinosanganisira:
- Kupisa kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa panzvimbo dzekuyera.
- Mwero wekuchekerera mukati memitsetse yekuyerera.
- Kuvapo kwechinhu chine tsvina uye tupukanana kunokanganisa kuverenga kwe viscosity.
- Mwero uye kuenderana kwe viscosity kunoderera mushure mekuwedzera breaker.
Kana viscosity yadzikira zvakanyanya, vashandisi vanogona kusimbisa kuputika kwegel zvinobudirira uye kuderedza kuyera kwe breaker kusingakoshi. Kusiyana neizvi, kuputika kwegel kusina kukwana kunoguma nekukwira kwakanyanya kunogara kwenguva refu, zvichida kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.
Muchidimbu, kugara uchitarisa kuyerera kwemvura inoyerera kunopa mhinduro chaiyo panguva chaiyo yekugadzirisa maitiro ekupwanya gel, kunotsigira kuona kwekupedzisira kwekupwanya gel, uye kunotsigira manejimendi inochinjika kuti mvura inopwanyika idzoke zvakanaka mukubvisa methane yakacheneswa nemarasha.
Kushandiswa uye Kubatanidzwa muCoalbed Methane Extraction
Ruzivo rweViscosity rweNguva Yechokwadi rweKuongorora Gel Breaking Endpoint
Mhinduro yekukurumidza ye viscosity panzvimbo yetsime inobvumira vashandisi kuona magumo chaiwo ekuputsika kwegel mu fracturing fluids. Ma viscometer ari mumutsara anobata shanduko dzinoramba dzichiitika mu fluid properties mukati me hydraulic fracturing process, zvichiita kuti shanduko kubva ku gel kuenda ku breaked fluid iongororwe nemazvo. Iyi nzira inodzivirira njodzi dzine chekuita nejekiseni re gel breaker risati rasvika, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutakurwa kwe proppant isina kukwana uye kudzikira kwe conductivity ye fracture. Kusiyana neizvi, kutarisa panguva chaiyo kunoderedzawo kunonoka kwekuputsika kwegel kunogona kukanganisa flowback, kukonzera kukuvara kwekuumbwa, kana kuwedzera mitengo yemakemikari.
Zvishandiso zvemhando yepamusoro zve optical sensor-based bubble shape detectors zvakasimbiswa kuti zvishandiswe mumatsime e coalbed methane (CBM), zvichipa mukana wekuona nzira dzekuyerera kwegasi-liquid dzinokanganiswa zvakananga nekukweshana kwemvura. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobatana zvakanaka nezvivakwa zvetsime uye zvinopa ruzivo rwekushanda rwakakosha pakutarisira mafambiro ekupwanya gel, kunyanya mumamiriro ekuyerera kwezvikamu zvakawanda anowanzoitwa pakubvisa CBM. Nekushandisa ma profiles e dynamic viscosity panzvimbo pe static cutoff values, vashandisi vanowana kutonga kwepamusoro pamusoro pe endpoint yekupwanya gel, zvichideredza njodzi yekupwanya gel isina kukwana uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.
Kugadziriswa kweGel Breaker otomatiki
Mhinduro yekusimba inogonesa kuyera otomatiki chiyero che gel breaker dosage panzvimbo. Masisitimu ekudzora akangwara, ane otomatiki mud testers uye sensor-integrated feedback loops, anogadzirisa mwero weinjection ye breaker chemicals mukupindura zvakananga kune data re live fluid property. Iyi nzira inotungamirirwa nedata yakakosha pakuvandudza maitiro ekupwanya gel mune coalbed methane hydraulic fracturing techniques.
Ma "employer" e "gel breakers" anosanganisira "urea-formaldehyde resin" uye "sulfamic acid variants" akagadzirwa kuti adzorerwe, achidzivirira kudzikiswa kwe "viscosity" isati yakwana kunyangwe mumamiriro e "disservoir" anopisa. Kuedzwa kwerabhoritari kunosimbisa kushanda kwawo kwenguva refu uye kushanda kwakavimbika, zvichitsigira nzira dzekugadzirisa otomatiki mumunda. Ma "bio-enzyme-enhanced breakers" anowedzera kuvandudza kusarudza uye kushanda kwe "dose", kunyanya kana tembiricha uye "shear profiles" zvichichinja panguva yekupwanya "fluid flowback". Aya ma "smart breaker compositions" anoderedza "viscosity" kusvika pasi pe10 cP pa100 s⁻¹ shear rate, zvichibatsira zvakananga kuona "endpoint determination" ye "gel breaking" uye kugadzirisa makemikari.
Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kusunungurwa kwemethane kubva mumakomba emalahle, kudzoreredzwa kwemvura inopwanyika zvinobudirira, uye kudzikira kwekushandiswa kwemakemikari. Masisitimu ekuongorora ma breaker otomatiki anoderedza njodzi yekusagadziriswa zvakanaka uye zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutarisira makemikari anopwanyika ne gel pasina marara akawanda.
Kukanganisa Kushanda Zvakanaka Kwekupwanyika KwemaHydraulic Fracturing
Kutarisa chimiro che viscosity panguva yekubuda kwe hydraulic fracturing kwakakosha pakufanotaura uye kupfupisa nguva yekubuda kwe flowback mukubvisa CBM. Mamodheru ekuongorora anoshandisa data re viscosity renguva chaiyo uye material balance equations akaratidza kuti mvura yekupwanyika inodzoserwa iri nani, zvichikonzera kudzoka nekukurumidza mukugadzirwa kwegasi. Vashandi vanoshandisa data iri kuti vatarise magumo chaiwo ekuputsika kwe gel uye kukurumidzisa kubuda kwe flowback, zvichideredza njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwenguva refu uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwe reservoir.
Kutevedzera ma "fractal fracture network" uye zvidzidzo zve "tracer" zvinoratidza kuti kutonga kwe "viscosity-responsive" kunowedzera kuchengetedza huwandu hwe "fracturing volume" uye kudzivirira kuvharwa nguva isati yakwana. Kuenzanisa nguva dze "flowback" dzekutanga nedzechipiri kunoratidza basa rekudzora "viscosity" mukuchengetedza huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwakakwira uye kuderedza kubatwa kwemvura mukati me "coal matrix". Nekubatanidza "tracer feedback" ne "real-time viscosity monitoring", vashandi vanowana njere dzinoshanda dzekuvandudza nguva dzose "fracturing fluid flowback optimization" mumatsime eCBM.
Kubatanidzwa neCO₂ Fracturing yeCoalbed Methane
Kushandiswa kweCO₂ fracturing coalbed methane kune matambudziko akasiyana ekugadzirisa flowback fluid viscosity. Kuunzwa kweCO₂-responsive surfactants kunogonesa kugadzirisa viscosity nekukurumidza, panguva chaiyo, zvichigadzirisa shanduko mukugadzirwa kwemvura uye tembiricha yemugodhi panguva yekukurudzira. Zvidzidzo zvekuyedza zvinoratidza kuti kuwanda kwe surfactant uye CO₂ thickeners yepamusoro zvinopa kuenzana nekukurumidza mu viscosity, izvo zvinotsigira kupararira kwe fractures uye kuburitswa kwegasi.
Masisitimu matsva emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye e telemetry anopa mhinduro nekukurumidza pazvikamu zvemvura zvinopwanyika uye kushanda kwazvo neCO₂, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa kwemvura panguva yekupedzwa. Izvi zvinowedzera kudzora kinetics yekupwanyika kwejeli uye zvinoderedza kupwanyika kwejeli kusina kukwana, zvichiita kuti kukurudzirwa kwetsime kuwane mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Muzviitiko zvekupwanya gel yefoam yeCO₂, maformulations anochengetedza viscosity iri pamusoro pe50 mPa·s uye anoderedza kukuvara kwemukati pasi pe19%. Kugadzirisa nguva uye chiyero chekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwegel kwakakosha, sezvo kuwedzera kweCO₂ fractions, tembiricha, uye mwero wekuchekwa kwegeri zvinochinja nekukurumidza maitiro e rheological. Kubatanidzwa kwedata renguva chaiyo, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwakangwara, kunotsigira kutonga kwemaitiro uye kuchengetedza nharaunda nekuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemvura yekupwanya hydraulic uye kuderedza kukuvara kwekuumbwa.
Kuyerera kweHydraulic Fracturing uye Mvura Yakagadzirwa Yekubvisa CO2
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Kuvandudza Migumisiro Yezvakatipoteredza Nehupfumi
Kuderedzwa Kwemitoro Yekurapa Mvura Inodzokera Kumvura
Kuputsika kwegel yemvura inopwanyika kwakagadziriswa, kunogoneswa nekuyera viscosity panguva chaiyo uye chiyero chakarurama che gel breaker, kunoderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwepolymer inosara mu flowback fluids. Izvi zvinoita kuti kurapwa kwemvura kuite nyore, sezvo ma residues mashoma e gel achichinja kuita kuti pasave nekuvharika kwakanyanya mu filtration media uye kuderera kwekuda kwe chemical treatment agents. Semuenzaniso, maitiro akavakirwa pa cavitation anoshandisa microbubble collapse kuti avhiringidze zvinosvibisa nema residual gels, zvichibvumira throughput yakakura mu treatment plants uye kuderedza membrane fouling inoonekwa mu reverse osmosis uye forward osmosis systems.
Mvura inoyerera yakachena inoderedzawo njodzi yezvakatipoteredza, sezvo kudzikira kwemagel nemakemikari akasara zvichireva mukana mudiki wekusvibiswa kwevhu nemvura panzvimbo dzekurasa kana kushandisazve. Zvidzidzo zvinosimbisa kuti kupwanyika kwegel zvachose—kunyanya ne bio-enzyme gel breakers—kunokonzera kuderedzwa kwechepfu, kusakara kushoma, uye kuwedzera kufambisa kwemethane, zvichitsigira kubudirira kwekudzoreredza methane uye nyore kudzokorodza mvura pasina kuwedzera kwemitengo. Miedzo yemumunda muOrdos Basin inoratidza mabhenefiti aya ezvakatipoteredza uye mashandiro, ichibatanidza kupwanyika kwegel zvakananga nekuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwemvura uye kudzikiswa kwemutoro wekutonga kune vanoshanda.
Kuchengetedza Mari Yekushanda uye Kugadzirisa Zvishandiso
Kupwanyika kwegel inoyerera nekupwanyika zvakanaka kunopfupisa nguva inodiwa yekudzoserwa kwemvura inoyerera nekupwanyika kwemvura inoyerera nekubviswa kwemethane ine coalbed. Nekuona nemazvo nzvimbo yekupwanyika kwegel uye kugadzirisa chiyero che gel breaker, vanoisa gel breaker vanoderedza huwandu hwemvura inoyerera ichida kurapwa uye nguva yese iyo tsime rinofanira kugara riri muchimiro chekudzoserwa kwemvura mushure mekupwanyika. Kudzikira uku kwenguva yekudzoserwa kwemvura kunotungamira mukuchengetedza mvura zvakanyanya uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari pakurapa, zvichideredza mari yese yekushanda.
Nzira dzepamusoro-soro—dzakadai seSiO₂ nanoparticle gel breakers dzinoburitswa kwenguva refu uye mhinduro dzebio-enzyme—dzinovandudza kushanda kwegel breaking pamhando dzakasiyana dzetembiricha, zvichiita kuti irambe ichidonha nekukurumidza uye zvakakwana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudzoreredzwa kwemvura kunova nekukurumidza uye kwakachena, zvichideredza nguva yekushanda uye zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Kuwedzerwa kwemethane kubva mumarasha kunoonekwa nekuda kwekuvhara maburi mashoma, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwegasi rekutanga huwedzere. Zvidzidzo zvemarasha muIllinois zvinosimbisa kuti gel residues inogona kukanganisa methane neCO₂ sorption, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwekupwanyika kwegel yese kuti kugadzirwa kuve kwakanaka.
Vashandi vanoshandisa nzira dzekutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo vakaratidza kuvandudzwa kwekutonga kwemvura yekupwanyika, zvichishandura zvakananga mukugadzirisa zviri nani zviwanikwa. Kuisa mari pakutanga muhunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekugadzirisa gel breaker uye tekinoroji yekutarisa nguva chaiyo zvinopa kuchengetedza hupfumi kuburikidza nekudzikisa mitengo yekuchenesa, kudzikisa kukuvara kwekugadzira, uye kuwedzera simba rekugadzira gasi. Izvi zvitsva zvino zvakakosha kune vashandi vari kutsvaga kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera purofiti mumabasa ekubvisa hydraulic methane.
Maitiro Akakosha Ekushandisa Kutarisa Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi
Kusarudzwa kweZvishandiso uye Kuiswa Kwazvo
Kusarudza masensa ekukweva methane akakodzera pakubvisa methane yakakuvadzwa nemarasha kunoda kunyatsoongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana:
- Kuyera Range:Masensa anofanirwa kugamuchira huwandu hwese hwekukweshana kwemvura, kusanganisira kuchinja panguva yekuputsika kwegel uye kudzoka kwayo.
- Nguva Yekupindura:Ma sensor anokurumidza kushanda anodiwa kuti aongorore shanduko dzinokurumidza mu rheology ye fracturing fluid, kunyanya panguva yekubaiwa mishonga yekuwedzera uye zviitiko zvekudzokera kweropa. Mhinduro chaiyo inotsigira sarudzo dzekugadzirisa dosage ye gel breaker uye inoona nemazvo magumo ekupwanywa kwe gel.
- Kuenderana:Masensa anofanirwa kuramba kurwiswa nemakemikari anokonzerwa nekupwanya gel, CO2-based fluids, uye misanganiswa ye abrasive proppant. Zvinhu zvinofanira kutsungirira mamiriro akaomarara uye anochinja-chinja e hydraulic anowanikwa mumasekete eCBM fracturing.
Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwemasensa ekupenya kwakakosha pakururama kwedata uye kuvimbika:
- Nzvimbo Dzakanyanya Kushanda Nemvura:Masensa akaiswa pedyo kana mukati memitsetse yekuburitsa mvura inopwanyika—kumusoro nekudzika kwenzvimbo dzekupinza gel breaker—anobata shanduko dzakananga dzehukobvu hwemuviri dzinoenderana nekudzora mashandiro.
- Nzvimbo dzekutarisa mafambiro emvura:Kuisa masensa panzvimbo dzekutanga dzekutora flowback nekuburitsa mvura kunoita kuti pave nekuongorora kushanda kwegel panguva chaiyo, matambudziko asina kukwana ekupwanyika kwegel, uye viscosity ye flowback fluid yekudzoreredza hydraulic fracturing fluid.
- Sarudzo yeNzvimbo Inofambiswa neData:Nzira dzeBayesian dzekuedza kugadzira uye kuongorora kunzwisisika dzinotarisa masensa panzvimbo dzine ruzivo rwakanyanya kutarisirwa, zvichideredza kusava nechokwadi uye zvichiwedzera kumiririrwa kwekutarisa viscosity.
Mienzaniso:Maviscometer ari mumutsarazvakabatanidzwa zvakananga muzvikamu zvakakosha zve fracturing circuit zvinobvumira kutarisirwa kwemaitiro nguva dzose, nepo sparse sensor arrays yakagadzirwa uchishandisa QR factorization ichiramba yakasimba nemidziyo mishoma.
Kubatanidzwa neCBM Infrastructure iripo
Kugadzirisa kutarisa kwe viscosity panguva chaiyo kunosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye kugadziriswa kwebasa:
- Maitiro Ekugadzirisa:Masisitimu aripo ekupwanya matombo anowanzo gamuchira masensa ari mumutsara—akadai semapombi viscometer—kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwakapfava kana kuti kwakarukwa. Kusarudzwa kwemasensa ane maprotocol ekukurukurirana kwenetiweki (Modbus, OPC) kunoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakanaka.
- Kubatanidzwa kweSCADA:Kubatanidza masensa ekupenya kune masisitimu eSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) anoshanda otomatiki, maaramu ekuona kuti mvura iri kupenya sei, uye kudzora rheology yemvura inopwanyika.
- Kudzidziswa kweVashandi veMatekiniki eMunda:Matekiniki haafanire kungodzidza mashandiro e sensor chete asiwo nzira dzekududzira data. Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvinosanganisira maitiro ekugadzirisa, kusimbiswa kwedata, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kuyera gel breaking chemical additives zvichienderana nemhedzisiro ye viscosity panguva chaiyo.
- Kushandisa Data reViscosity:Madhibhodhi epanguva chaiyo anoona mafambiro ekupwanya mvura, achitsigira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kwemuyero we gel breaker uye kugadzirisa kudzoka kwemvura mukubvisa methane yecoalbed. Muenzaniso: Masisitimu ekuongorora otomatiki anoshandisa mhinduro dze sensor kuti agadzirise maitiro ekupwanya gel uye kudzivirira kuputika kwegel kusina kukwana.
Nzira yega yega—kusarudza masensa, kuisa zvakanaka, kubatanidzwa kwezvivakwa, uye rutsigiro rwekushanda—inovimbisa kuti kutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo kunopa data rinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa maitiro e coalbed methane hydraulic fracturing uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
1. Chii chinonzi coalbed methane uye inosiyana sei negasi rechisikigo?
Coalbed methane (CBM) igesi rechisikigo rinochengetwa mumakomba emalahle, kunyanya segasi rinonyungudika pamusoro pemarasha. Kusiyana negasi rechisikigo rinowanzo shandiswa, rinowanikwa segasi rakasununguka mumatura ematombo ane maburi akadai sejecha necarbonates, CBM ine maburi mashoma uye inoyerera zvishoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti gasi iri rakasungwa zvakasimba, uye kubviswa kwaro kunoenderana nekubviswa kwemvura uye kuderedza kumanikidzwa kuti methane iburitswe kubva mumarasha. Matura eCBM anewo akasiyana-siyana, anowanzova ne biogenic kana thermogenic methane. Hydraulic fracturing yakakosha pakugadzirwa kweCBM, inoda kutarisirwa kwakanyatsonaka kwekuyerera kwemvura uye kuputsika kwegel kuti gasi ridzoke zvakanyanya uye kuderedza kukuvara kwekuumbwa kwaro.
2. Chii chinonzi gel break mukugadzirisa fracturing fluid?
Kupwanyika kwejel zvinoreva maitiro ekupwanyika kwemakemikari emvura inopwanyika ine viscosity yakawanda inoshandiswa panguva yekupwanyika kwehydraulic. Mvura iyi, inowanzo kora nemapolymers, inopinzwa mudura kuti iite fractures uye inotakura jecha kana proppant. Mushure mekupwanyika, magel breakers—kunyanya enzyme-based, nanoparticle, kana chemical agents—anowedzerwa kuderedza viscosity nekupwanya ma polymer chains. Kana gel yapwanyika, mvura inoshanduka kuita low-viscosity, zvichiita kuti flowback ishande zvakanaka, residue yakaderera, uye kugadzirwa kwemethane kuve nani.
3. Kutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo kunobatsira sei pakupwanyika kwejeli yemvura?
Kutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo kunopa ruzivo rwekukurumidza uye rusingaperi pamusoro peviscosity yemvura inopwanyika apo gel inopwanyika. Izvi zvinobvumira vashandisi kuti:
- Sarudza nemazvo magumo ekupwanya gel uye dzivirira kupwanyika kusina kukwana.
- Gadzirisa madhigirii e gel breaker nenzira inochinja-chinja, uchidzivirira kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwe breaker kana kusashandiswa zvakanaka.
- Tsvaga shanduko dzisina kunaka (kusviba kwakanyanya, kusvibiswa) uye pindura nekukurumidza.
- Gadzirisai kuyerera kwemvura inopwanyika kuti idzoke nekukurumidza uye yakachena uye kuti ishande zvakanaka pakuburitsa CBM.
Semuenzaniso, mumatsime eCBM, masensa emagetsi e telemetry ne downhole anotungamira nguva uye chiyero chejekiseni re gel breaker, zvichideredza njodzi dzekushanda uye nguva yekutenderera.
4. Sei kugadzirisa gel breaker dosage kuchikosha pakuburitsa methane ine coalbed?
Kuyera gel breaker kwakakodzera kwakakosha kuti gel polymers iparare zvakanaka pasina kukuvadza nzvimbo inochengeterwa mvura. Kana gel residue iri shoma, gel residue inogona kuvhara nzvimbo dzine maburi, zvichideredza kupenya kwemvura uye kugadzirwa kwemethane. Kushandisa gel breaker zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kudzikira nekukurumidza kwe viscosity kana kukuvara kwemakemikari. Kuyera gel breaker kwakagadziridzwa - kazhinji kunowanikwa ne nanoparticles kana bio-enzymes dzinoburitswa kwenguva refu - zvinoguma ne:
- Kukuvadzwa kudiki kwekugadzirwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvisaririra
- Kudzoka kwemvura inopwanyika zvakanaka
- Mari shoma yekurapa mvura mushure mekubuda kwemvura
- Kubviswa kwemethane kwakavandudzwa uye kubereka kwese.
5. Ndezvipi zvikonzero nenjodzi zvinowanzoonekwa kana gel isina kupwanyika zvakanaka pakubviswa kweCBM?
Kuputsika kwegel kusina kukwana kunogona kukonzerwa ne:
- Kusakwana kwehuwandu hwegel breaker kana kuti nguva isiriyo
- Kusasanganiswa uye kupararira kwemvura zvisina kunaka mugomba remvura
- Mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ekuchengetedza mvura (tembiricha, pH, kemikari yemvura)
Njodzi dzinosanganisira:
- Kuyerera kwemvura yakawanda inodzoka shure, zvichitadzisa kuchenesa
- Mapolima akasara anovhara nzira dzemaburi, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwekugadzirwa
- Kuderera kwehuwandu hwekudzoserwa kwemethane nekuda kwenzira dzakaganhurirwa dzekubviswa kwemethane
- Mari yakawedzerwa yekuchenesa mvura nekugadzirisa matsime
Semuenzaniso, kushandisa ma "chemical breakers" echinyakare pasina kutarisa panguva chaiyo kunogona kusiya zvidimbu zve polymer zvisina kumedzwa, zvichideredza kugadzirwa kweCBM uye kushanda zvakanaka.
6. Kupwanyika kweCO₂ kunokanganisa sei kupenya kwemvura inopwanyika mumabasa emethane ine marasha?
Kupwanya kweCO₂ kunounza CO₂ sefuro kana mvura inokonzeresa kupwanya musanganiswa wemvura inopwanya. Izvi zvinoshandura kudyidzana kwemakemikari uye hunhu hwerheological hwegel, zvichikonzera:
- Kupenya kunodzikira nekukurumidza kana chikamu cheCO₂ vhoriyamu chakakwira, mwero wekuchekwa, uye tembiricha yakakwira
- Mikana yekukuvara kwematrix kana viscosity ikadonha nekukurumidza kana kuti zvasara zvikaramba zviripo
- Kudiwa kwezvishandiso zveCO₂ zvakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi uye zvinoshandisa simba kuti zvigadzikane kuti propant ifambe zvakanaka uye kuti gel iputswe zvakanaka.
Vashandi vanofanirwa kushandisa nguva chaiyo yekutarisa viscosity kuti vagadzirise dosage ye breaker zvichienderana nekuchinja uku, vachiona kuti gel yapwanyika zvakakwana uye vachidzivirira musono wemarasha.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-06-2025
