KuyangararamuKubatsira
Kuyerera kwemvura kunowedzera kukosha kwematombo nekuparadzanisa zvine hunyanzvi zvicherwa zvinokosha kubva kugangue minerals mukugadzirwa kwezvicherwa kuburikidza nekusiyana kwepanyama nemakemikari. Ingave iri kushanda nesimbi dzisina ferrous, simbi dzeferrous, kana dzisiri simbi, kuyerera kwemvura kunoita basa rakakosha mukupa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro.
1. Nzira dzeKuyangarara
(1) Kuyerera Kwakananga
Kuyerera zvakananga zvinoreva kusefa zvicherwa zvinokosha kubva mutsvina nekuzvibvumira kunamira pamabubble emhepo uye kuyerera pamusoro, nepo maminerari egangue achiramba ari mutsvina. Nzira iyi yakakosha mukuvandudza simbi dzisina ferrous. Semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwematombo kunosvika padanho rekuyerera mushure mekupwanywa nekukuyiwa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi dzemhangura, umo ma anionic collectors chaiwo anounzwa kuti achinje hydrophobicity uye orega zvichinyungudika pamusoro pemineral dzemhangura. Zvadaro hydrophobic copper particles dzinobatana nemabubble emhepo dzosimuka, dzichiita layer yefroth ine mhangura yakapfuma. Froth iyi inounganidzwa muhuwandu hwekutanga hwemineral dzemhangura, iyo inoshanda sezvinhu zvepamusoro-soro zvekunatswa.
(2) Kutenderera kwemvura
Kutenderera kwemvura kunosanganisira kuyambuka maminerari egangue ukuwo maminerari anokosha achiramba ari mumatope. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirisa iron ore ne quartz disadvantages, anionic kana cationic collectors anoshandiswa kushandura makemikari ari mumatope. Izvi zvinoshandura hunhu hwe quartz hwe hydrophilic kuita hydrophobic, zvichiita kuti ibatanidzwe kumabubbles emhepo uye iyangarare.
(3) Kufamba-famba Kwakanaka
Kana matombo ane zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zvinokosha, kuyerera kwemvura kunozviparadzanisa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekushanda kwezvicherwa uye kukosha kwehupfumi. Maitiro aya ekufamba kwemvura nhanho nhanho anoita kuti chicherwa chimwe nechimwe chinokosha chidzoserwe nekuchena kwakanyanya uye mwero wekudzoreredzwa, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
(4) Kuyerera Kwehuwandu
Kuyerera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinocherwa kunobata zvicherwa zvakawanda zvinokosha, zvichizvifambisa pamwe chete kuti zviwane mixed concentrate, zvichiteverwa nekuparadzaniswa kunotevera. Semuenzaniso, mukuwedzerwa kwemhangura-nickel ore, uko copper nenickel minerals zvakabatana zvakanyanya, kuyerera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinocherwa uchishandisa ma reagents akadai se xanthates kana thiols kunobvumira kuyerera kwesulfide copper nenickel minerals panguva imwe chete, zvichigadzira mixed concentrate. Maitiro ekuparadzanisa akaomarara anotevera, akadai sekushandisa lime ne cyanide reagents, anoparadzanisa high-purity copper nenickel concentrates. Iyi nzira ye "collect-first, separate-later" inoderedza kurasikirwa kwezvicherwa zvinokosha muzvikamu zvekutanga uye inovandudza zvakanyanya mwero wekudzoserwa kwematombo akaomarara.
2. Maitiro Ekuyangarara: Kunyatsojeka kweDanho Nedanho
(1) Maitiro Ekuyangarara Padanho: Kuvandudzwa Kwakawedzerwa
Mukuyerera kwemvura, kuyerera kwemvura muchikamu kunotungamira kugadziriswa kwematombo akaomarara nekukamura maitiro ekuyerera kwemvura muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Semuenzaniso, mukuita kwematanho maviri ekuyangarara, dombo rinokuya zvisina kunaka, zvichiburitsa zvicherwa zvinokosha zvishoma. Danho rekutanga rekuyangarara rinowana zvicherwa izvi zvakasunungurwa sezvinhu zvekutanga. Zvidimbu zvisina kusunungurwa zvinoenderera mberi kusvika padanho rechipiri rekukuya kuti saizi iwedzere kuderera, zvichiteverwa nedanho rechipiri rekuyangarara. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvicherwa zvakakosha zvasara zviparadzaniswe zvakakwana uye zvisanganiswe nezvidimbu zvedanho rekutanga. Nzira iyi inodzivirira kukuya zvakanyanya mudanho rekutanga, inoderedza marara ezviwanikwa, uye inovandudza kunyatsorongeka kwekuyangarara.
Kune matombo akaomarara, akadai seaya ane simbi dzakawanda dzisingawanzoonekwi dzine maumbirwo ekristaro akabatana zvakasimba, nzira yekuyangarara ine matanho matatu inogona kushandiswa. Matanho ekukuya nekuyangarara anobvumira kuongororwa kwakanyatsonaka uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti chicherwa chimwe nechimwe chinokosha chinoburitswa nekuchena kwakanyanya uye nekukurumidza kwekupora, zvichiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu.
3. Zvinhu Zvikuru Mukuyerera Kwemvura
(1) Kukosha kwepH: Kuenzana kusinganzwisisike kweSlurry Acidity
Kuwanda kwepH yeslurry kunoita basa guru mukudonha kwemvura, zvichikanganisa zvikuru hunhu hwepamusoro pemineral uye mashandiro e reagent. Kana pH iri pamusoro penzvimbo ye isoelectric yemineral, pamusoro payo pachava negative charge; pasi payo, pamusoro payo pachava ne positive charge. Kuchinja uku mu surface charge kunotungamira kudsorption interactions pakati peminerals ne reagents, sekunge kukwezva kana kudzinga magineti.
Semuenzaniso, kana paine acidic, sulfide minerals dzinobatsirwa nekuwedzera kwe collector activity, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubata target sulfide minerals. Kusiyana neizvi, alkaline conditions dzinoita kuti oxide minerals dzifambe zvakanaka nekuchinja hunhu hwadzo hwepamusoro kuti dziwedzere reagent affinity.
Zvicherwa zvakasiyana zvinoda huwandu hwepH hwakatarwa kuti zvifambe, zvichida kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka. Semuenzaniso, mukusangana kwequartz necalcite, quartz inogona kufambiswa zvakanyanya nekuchinja pH yeslurry kuita 2-3 uye kushandisa amine-based collectors. Kusiyana neizvi, calcite flotation inodiwa mumamiriro ealkaline ane fatty acid-based collectors. Kugadziriswa kwepH kwakanyatsojeka uku ndiko kunokosha pakuwana kupatsanurwa kwemineral kwakanaka.
(2) Regime yeReagent
Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu (reagent) ndiwo anotungamira maitiro ekudonha kwemvura, kusanganisira kusarudzwa, kupimwa, kugadzirwa, uye kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinhu. Zvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zvinonamira pamusoro pezvicherwa, zvichichinja kushaya simba kwemvura.
Mafuro anoita kuti maburi agare zvakanaka mumatope uye zvinoita kuti zvidimbu zvemvura zvisanyanya kudonha. Mafuta anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisira mafuta epaini nemafuta ecresol, ayo anoumba mabhuro akagadzikana uye akakura zvakanaka ekubatanidza zvidimbu.
Zvinogadzirisa zvinomutsa kana kudzivirira hunhu hwepamusoro pemaminerari uye zvinogadzirisa mamiriro emakemikari kana emagetsi eslurry.
Kuyera ma reagent kunoda kunyatsojeka—huwandu husina kukwana hunoderedza kutya mvura, huchideredza mwero wekudzoreredza, nepo huwandu hwakawanda huchirasa marara, huchiwedzera mitengo, uye huchikanganisa kunaka kwechinhu. Midziyo ine hungwaru yakaita semita yekuyera vanhu paindanetianogona kudzora zvakakwana mareagent dosages.
Nguva uye nzira yekuwedzera reagent zvakakoshawo. Zvinogadzirisa, zvinoderedza kushushikana, uye zvimwe zvinounganidza zvinowanzowedzerwa panguva yekukuya kuti slurry igadzirire makemikari emuchina uyu nekukurumidza. Zvinounganidza nezvinoburitsa mvura zvinowanzoiswa mutangi rekutanga reflotation kuti zviwedzere kushanda zvakanaka panguva dzakaoma.
(3) Mwero weMhepo
Mwero wekufefetera unogadzira mamiriro akanaka ekubatanidza maburi ane mineral, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pakufefetera. Kusafefetera kwakakwana kunoita kuti pave nemaburi mashoma, zvichideredza mikana yekubonderana uye yekunamatira, nokudaro zvichikanganisa mashandiro ekufefetera. Kufefetera kwakanyanya kunotungamira mukuvhunduka kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti maburi aputsike uye abvise zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka.
Mainjiniya anoshandisa nzira dzakadai sekuunganidza gasi kana kuyera mhepo uchishandisa anemometer kuti vagadzirise mwero wemhepo. Kune zvidimbu zvakakora, kuwedzera mhepo kuti igadzire mabubbles makuru kunovandudza kushanda kwemvura. Kune zvidimbu zvakapfava kana zviri nyore kuyerera, kugadzirisa kwakanyatsonaka kunoita kuti mvura ifambe zvakanaka uye zvakanaka.
(4) Nguva Yokuyerera
Nguva yekuyangarara inyaya inonzwisisika pakati pegiredhi re concentrate nerecovery rate, zvinoda kuyera kwakanyatsojeka. Pakutanga, zvicherwa zvinokosha zvinonamira nekukurumidza kumabubbles, zvichikonzera kudzoserwa kwepamusoro uye magiredhi e concentrate.
Nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo zvicherwa zvinokosha zvichiyangarara, zvicherwa zvegangue zvinogonawo kukwira, zvichideredza kuchena kwe concentrate. Kune matombo akareruka ane zvicherwa zvakakora uye zviri nyore kuyangarara, nguva pfupi yekuyangarara yakakwana, zvichiita kuti pave nekudzoreredzwa kwakawanda pasina kukanganisa giredhi re concentrate. Kune matombo akaomarara kana asingachashandi, nguva refu yekuyangarara inodiwa kuti zvicherwa zvakapfava zvive nenguva yakakwana yekudyidzana nema reagents nemabubbles. Kugadzirisa kwakasimba kwenguva yekuyangarara chiratidzo chetekinoroji yekuyangarara chaiyo uye inoshanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-22-2025
