Kuchera mvura inoyerera kwakakosha pakushanda nekuchengetedzeka kwemasystem ekuchera mud (OBM) ane mafuta. Kuchera mud kunotsanangura kuti matope anoyerera sei mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekumanikidzwa nekupisa, zvichikanganisa nhanho yega yega yekuchera mud ine mafuta. Kuchengetedza rheology yemvura yakakwana kwakakosha kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kucheka kunotakurwa zvakanaka, kutonga kumanikidzwa kwemudzvinyiriro, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro emudzvinyiriro akachengeteka.
Njodzi dzeKudzora Maronda Emudumbu Zvisina Kufanira
Kukundikana kutarisa nekugadzirisa rheology yematope yakagadzirwa nemafuta kunowedzera njodzi dzekushanda:
- Kusagadzikana kweWellbore:Kusasimba kwakakwana uye kugona kwemvura kunogona kukonzera kusamira zvakanaka kwezvinhu zvakasimba, zvichikonzera kutsemuka, kukoromoka, kana kuputsika kwemadziro emugodhi.
- Pombi Yakanamirwa:Kana simba rejeri rakaderera zvakanyanya, zvidimbu zvinogadzikana, zvichiwedzera mukana wekunamira kwakasiyana kana kupatsanurwa. Kusiyana neizvi, simba rejeri rakawanda kana kupenya kwepurasitiki zvinokwidza kumanikidzwa kwepombi uye zvinogona kukanganisa kufamba kwepombi, zvichikonzerawo zviitiko zvekunamira kwepombi.
- Kurasikirwa neropa:Kusashanda zvakanaka kwetsinga dzemutsinga, kunyanya kana paine ECD yakakwira, kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nevhu rakaita semapundu. Izvi zvinodhura, zvinokanganisa kufambira mberi kwekucherwa kwevhu, uye zvinowedzera njodzi yemamwe matambudziko akadai sekudzora matsime.
- Kuverengwa Kwepasi Kusina Kururama:Kuchinja kusingafungidzirwe mu rheology—kazhinji kunokonzerwa nekuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha kana kusangana kusingatarisirwi nemaumbirwo—kunopa kuverenga kweECD nedhaka zvisirizvo, zvingangowedzera njodzi dzekushanda.
Kudzora zvinhu nekukurumidzamvura yekuboorerarheology ichishandisa robust analytics uye continuous sensor feedback ikozvino ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuchera OBM, kuderedza nguva isingabudiriri, kuderedza kuwanda kwezviitiko, uye kutsigira kugadzirisa masisitimu ematope akavakirwa pamafuta.
Madhaka Ekuchera Akavakirwa Pamafuta
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Kufambira Mberi Mukutarisa Kwenguva Yechokwadi Kwezvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pakuchera Zvinoshandiswa Pakuchera Mafuta
Kuganhurirwa Kwekuongorora Nzvimbo Yevhu Yechinyakare
Zvakagadzirwa nemafuta echinyakarekuongororwa kwevhu rekucherwaInonyanya kuvimba nekushandisa sampling nemaoko uye bvunzo dzemurabhoritari, dzinowanzoitwa panguva dzakasiyana. Kuongororwa uku kwezviitiko zvishoma nezvishoma kuri shure kwekuchinja kwemamiriro emvura panguva chaiyo, zvichikundikana kubata shanduko dzinochinja-chinja dzinokonzerwa nekupisa kwepasi, kumanikidzwa, uye shanduko dzekushanda. Semuenzaniso, kuyerwa kwerheological kwakavakirwa murabhoritari kunogona kusatsanangura kukweshana kwemuganhu kwakakwira kunoonekwa mumafuta ekuchera mvura panguva yekubatana kwedhaimani nedombo, zvichipikisa fungidziro dzakajairika pamusoro pekunyorova kwepasi rose.
Nzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakakwira (HPHT) dzinowedzera kuburitsa pachena zvipingamupinyi izvi. Masisitimu ekuboorera madhaka akajairika anoisa njodzi pakukura kwemvura uye kurasikirwa nekudzora rheological pasi pemamiriro eHPHT - matambudziko ayo sampuli isingachinji asingagoni kufanotaura kana kuderedza. Zvitsva zvakaita semvura yekuboorera inowedzerwa nenanoparticle zvinoratidza vimbiso yekuvandudzwa kwekugadzikana, asi mabhenefiti azvo anogona kuwanikwa zvizere kuburikidza nekuongorora kwepfuma nekukurumidza kana kuenderera mberi.
Kuongorora madhaka nemaoko kunounzawo kukanganisa kwevanhu nekunonoka, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuita sarudzo dzakakosha panguva chaiyo, zvichikonzera kusashanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka mumabasa akaomarara.
Mabhenefiti eKutarisa Munguva Chaiyo Kwezvinodiwa Zvekubhowa Kwemazuva Ano
Kuongorora zvinhu zvevhu munguva chaiyo kunoshandura kugadzirwa kwevhu uchishandisa oiri nekupa zviyero zvinogara zvichiitwa otomatiki sezvo mvura ichitenderera. Mapuratifomu ekutarisa otomatiki anoshandisa masensa ane network uye kubatanidzwa kwedata, zvichiita kuti mhinduro ikurumidze kugadziriswa kwemaitiro - mukana wakajeka pamusoro penguva yekunonoka uye kusava nechokwadi kwekutora sampuro nemaoko.
Mabhenefiti makuru anosanganisira:
Kudzivirira Zviitiko uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwemugomba: Kutarisa nguva dzose mashandiro emvura kunoona zviratidzo zvezviitiko zvakaita sekusagadzikana kwebarite kana kusagadzikana kwemvura, zvakakosha pakuchengetedza maburi mumabasa ekuboorera.
Kushanda Kwakanaka Kwekudhiraivha: Mhinduro dzinoitwa panguva chaiyo dzinovandudza matekiniki ekudzora rheology yedhaka, zvichitsigira kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekugumburwa uye manejimendi ekumanikidza. Kupindura uku kunogonesa vanoshanda kugadzirisa mashandiro emvura yekuboora, kuderedza nguva yakatarwa, uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekushandisa kuchera.
Kuongorora Kwekufanotaura: Masisitimu epamusoro anosanganisa kuyerwa kwenguva chaiyo nekudzidza kwemuchina kuti vafungidzire matambudziko ekushanda asati awedzera, nokudaro zvichideredza nguva isina kurongwa isina zvibereko uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza.
Kudzivirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza: Kugara uchitarisa kunogonesa kupindira nekukurumidza kana paine mukana wekurasikirwa nemvura kana kuburitswa kwayo, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekutevedzera nharaunda.
Semuenzaniso, kuiswa kwema viscometers ari mumutsara uye ma sensors e automated density mumatsime emvura yakadzika kwakaita kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kunoyerwa kwehuwandu hwekupinda kwemvura uye kusimba kwenzvimbo dzemvura. Mamodheru ekufungidzira, anotsigirwa nedata iri, anowedzera kusimudzira manejimendi yekumanikidzwa kwemvura iri mugomba uye anogonesa kugadzirisa kwakanyatsojeka uye kunochinja-chinja.
Hunhu Hunokosha hweKuyera Pamhepo: Kusviba, Kuwanda, Tembiricha
Kusviba
Kuyerwa kwe viscosity panguva chaiyo ndiyo hwaro hwe rheology yakakwana ye drilling fluid, kugadzikana kwe wellbore, uye kunyorovesa tambo dze drill.Ma viscometer anodzungunuka ari mumutsara, yakaiswa panzvimbo dzakakosha mukati mehurongwa hwemadhaka hwakavakirwa pamafuta, inoramba ichitevera viscosity uye inobvumira kugadziriswa kwemhepo kuti ichengetedze ma profiles ayo. Zvisinei, kuyerwa kunogona kupikiswa nekudengenyeka kwepombi uye kuputika kwepombi; kugadziriswa kwechiratidzo chepamusoro (semuenzaniso, kuora kwemamiriro emuviri) ikozvino kwave kushandiswa kuparadzanisa ruzha kubva kudata rechokwadi re viscosity reflux. Mashandisirwo ekudzoreredza kupisa anowedzera kusimbisa kukosha kwe tight viscosity control, zvichikanganisa zvakananga mashandiro ekudzoka.
Kuwanda kwevanhu
Kugara uchitarisa huwandu hwevhu kwakakosha pakuisa madhaka pasi pevhu.manejimendi yekumanikidzwauye kudzora tsime. Chishandiso chakaita se inline density meter chinopa kuverenga kwehuwandu husingamire, chichitsigira hydraulic optimization uye kuona nekukurumidza kusagadzikana kwehuwandu hwemvura. Zvishandiso izvi zvinozvigadzira otomatiki zvinoderedza zvikanganiso zvekuyera nemaoko, zvinowedzera kuchengetedzeka, uye zvinobatsira mukugadzirisa system yematope inobva mumafuta.
Tembiricha
Kuverengwa kwekupisa kwematope kwakanyatsojeka, kwakaunganidzwa nechitupatempnguvatsikazvinotumira, zvinopesvedzera mafambiro emvura, maitiro e rheological, uye kudyidzana kwemakemikari ari mugomba. Kutarisa tembiricha panguva chaiyo kwakakosha kuti zvigadziriswe zvinobudirira zvezvinowedzera zvemvura inocherwa mafuta uye mukugadzirisa kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dziri mutsime, kunyanya mumatsime eHPHT. Ruzivo rwakarurama rwetembiricha runotsigirawo kuiswa uye kuongororwa kwekushanda kwezvinowedzera zvemvura inocherwa mafuta mumatope akavakirwa pamafuta pasi pemamiriro ekupisa akasiyana-siyana.
Matekinoroji aya pamwe chete anosimudzira kuongorora dhaka panguva chaiyo kubva pakuita zvinhu zvinochinja-chinja kuenda pakuita zvinhu zvinokurumidza—izvo zvinotsigira zvakananga kuchengetedzeka, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kushanda zvakanaka mukuchera dhaka kwemazuva ano uchishandisa mafuta.
MaViscometer Anoshanda Mukati: Tekinoroji Iri Kushanda
Nheyo dzeMashandiro eViscometers Dzinotenderera Mumutsetse dzeMadhaka Anobva Mumafuta
Ma viscometer anodzungudza ari mumutsara anoona kusviba nekuona shanduko muchinhu chinodengenyeka—chinowanzova tsvimbo—chinonyudzwa zvakananga mumvura inodzungudza mafuta. Sensor ye viscometer painodengenyeka pa frequency yakatarwa, kuramba kwemvura kunonyorovesa kusviba. Kusviba uku kunochinja amplitude uye frequency yekudzungudza, nehukuru hwekuchinja hunoenderana zvakananga nekusviba kwemvura. Mukudzungudza madhaka akavakirwa pamafuta, zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirirwa kutsungirira mamiriro akaoma, ekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye tembiricha yepamusoro. Magadzirirwo emazuva ano anogadzirisa dynamically, achitsiva rheology isiri yeNewtonian inowanzoitwa nemasystem ekudzungudza madhaka akavakirwa pamafuta, zvichibvumira kutarisa madhaka kwakarurama panguva chaiyo ye viscosity inooneka, yepurasitiki, uye inoshanduka muhuwandu hwe shear rates. Izvi zvinotsigira kutarisa kwechokwadi kwezvimiro zve core fluid zvakakosha pakutarisira kudzvanywa kwe downhole uye zvinobatsira kuona kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda kwe downhole nekupa ongororo nekukurumidza yematekiniki ekudzora rheology yedhaka.
Kuenzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzekuyera viscosity dziri mukati nedzisiri paindaneti
Ma viscometer anodzungudza ane mabhenefiti akasiyana pane nzira dzechinyakare dzekutarisa rheology yemvura inocherwa kunze kwekushandisa makombiyuta uye dzimwe nzira dzekutarisa kuchera:
- Maviscometer anotenderera:Zvishandiso zvinotenderera zvinogadzirwa murabhoritari kana kuti zvinotakurika zvinoyera viscosity kuburikidza ne torque inodiwa kuti itenderedze spindle mumvura. Kunyangwe zviri zvemhando yepamusoro mukugadzira madhaka akagadzirwa nemafuta, izvi zvinopa mhedzisiro inononoka, zvinoda kutorwa nemaoko, uye zvinogona kukanganisa mushandisi, zvichikanganisa kugadziriswa kwemaitiro nekukasika.
- Mavhiscometer eUltrasonic:Vimba nekuchinja kweacoustic wave propagation kuti uzive viscosity, asi unogona kurasikirwa neasensitivity kana ukamanikidzwa zvakanyanya uye zvidimbu zvidiki zvinowanzoonekwa mumadhaka akagadzirwa nemafuta.
- Mapombi (Capillary) Viscometers:Masisitimu emukati akavakirwa pakuyerera kwemvura anogona kupa ruzivo rwechokwadi asi kazhinji haashande zvakanaka kana paine zvinhu zvakasimba, uye anogona kusakurumidza kupindura mamiriro emvura ari kuchinja.
Kusiyana neizvi, ma viscometer anotenderera anotenderera anopa kuyera kunogara kuripo, otomatiki zvakananga mukufamba kwenzira. Kunzwa kwavo kwakanyanya uye kumhanya kwekuita kunoita kuti zvionekwe nekukurumidza kwekuchinja-chinja kwe viscosity, zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera uye zvichiita kuti system yemumadhaka ishande zvakanaka pasina kukanganisa mashandiro. Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti ma viscometer anotenderera akwanise kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinoda kucherwa uko kuchengetedza mafambiro emvura kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kuitwa pakushanda zvakanaka uye pakuchengetedza maburi pakucherwa.
Nzvimbo Dzakakosha DzekuisamuMatope Akavakirwa Pamafuta
Kuisa zvakanaka ma viscometer anodzungunuka mukati mehurongwa hwekuyerera kwemvura inocherwa kwakakosha kuti mvura inocherwa ishande zvakanaka uye kuti pave nekuongorora kwakarurama, uye kwenguva chaiyo, zvinhu zvine matope.
Sarudzo dzeKuisa Zvinhu Zvinokosha:
- Mumitsara yeSisitimu yeKutenderera:Kuisa viscometer mu main recirculation loop kana bypass lines kunobvumira kutarisa matope sezvaanenge achitenderera. Kuisa masensa ari pasi pemvura kubva pamatangi ematope kana mushure mekusanganisa kunopa mhinduro nekukurumidza pamusoro pemhedzisiro yezvinowedzera mvura pakuboorwa, zvichitsigira kugadziriswa kwemaitiro nekukurumidza.
- MuMatangi Ekuchengetera Madhaka kana Ekutonhodza:Kuiswa uku kunopa maonero akazara enzvimbo dzevhu dzisati dzagadziriswa uye dzagadziriswazve asi kunogona kunonotsa kuona shanduko dzinoitika nekukurumidza kana mvura yapinda musystem inoshanda.
- Pedyo Nemajekiseni:Kuisa nzvimbo pedyo nepanopinda pombi kana nguva pfupi matope asati apinda mutsime kunoita kuti data rive rakakodzera mamiriro egomba rinobururuka, zvakakosha kuti pave nekutarisa mashandiro emvura mumabasa ekuboorera uye nzira dzekuchengetedza gomba rinobururuka.
Kudzivirira Chishandiso kubva kuzvinhu zvakaoma uye zvinosvibisa:
Madhaka ekuboorera akagadzirwa nemafuta ane zvinhu zvakasimba zvakaita sezvinhu zvinoyera uremu uye zvidimbu zvakaboorwa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunyatsoita kwesensa uye kugara kwenguva refu. Nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira dzinosanganisira:
- Kusefa Kwemvura Kumusoro:Kuisa masikirini kana zvinhu zvekusefa usati washandisa viscometer kunodzivirira zvinhu zvikuru zvakasimba kuti zvisabate sensor inonzwisisika.
- Kuiswa kweBypass Loop:Kufambisa matope padivi nepasefa kunoita kuti masampuli aratidzike zvakanaka asi asinganyanyi kukwesha, zvichiita kuti nguva yekushanda kwemidziyo iwedzere.
- Zvimiro zveSensor Self-Cleaning:Mamwe ma viscometer anotenderera anosanganisira kupukuta nemagetsi kana kuchenesa panzvimbo kuti adzivise kuungana kweganda.
- Kuongororwa otomatiki uye Kusingawanzoitiki:Kubatanidzwa nezvikamu zvezvimedu kana kuongororwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunogonesa kuona kusvibiswa kwechinhu nekukurumidza, kuchengetedza michina uye kuderedza nguva isingabudisi chinhu.
Matanho aya anochinjika, kana akabatanidzwa nekuisa sensor zvakanaka, anobatsira kuona kuti inline viscometry inoshanda zvakanaka mukati memamiriro ekunze anochinja-chinja ekuboorera mumatope akavakirwa pamafuta, zvichizovandudza mashandiro ekuwedzera kwemvura yekuboorera uye kutsigira kugadzirisa masisitimu emumatope akavakirwa pamafuta anotungamirirwa nedata.
Pfupiso yenzira yekutenderera kwemvura inocherwa mugomba remafuta.
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Kubatanidza Inline Viscosity uye Density Sensors muMud Circulation Systems
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirisa madhaka ekuchera uchishandisa mafuta kunoenderana nekutarisa kwakanyatsojeka kwe viscosity uye density panguva chaiyo. Kubatanidza ma sensors ari mukati mehunhu uhwu mukati mezvitenderedzo zvemadhaka kunoshandura mashandiro anoita vashandi kudzora rheology yemvura yekuchera uye kuvandudza mashandiro emvura yekuchera.
Magadzirirwo eSisitimu eEmbedding Sensors
Masisitimu evhu anowanzo shandiswa nemafuta anotenderera mvura kubva mumatangi epamusoro, kuburikidza nemapombi, achidzika netambo yekuboorera, uye achidzosera kumusoro kwetsime kuenda kumidziyo yekuparadzanisa pamusoro. Ma viscometer emukati memutsetse uye ma density metres zvinogona kuiswa panzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakakosha:
- Tangi remusanganiswa mushure mekusanganisaKuisa kunoita kuti zviyero zviratidze musanganiswa mutsva, zvichiratidza simba rezvinowedzera mvura yekuchera mafuta kana shanduko muhuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba.
- Kuisa tambo yekusveta (pamberi pepombi dzematope)inokurudzirwa zvikuru, sezvo nzvimbo iyi ichishandisa mvura inoenda pasi, ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha pakushanda. Inodzivisawo kukanganiswa kwemidziyo yekuparadzanisa gasi uye yakasimba, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuyerwa.
- Mitsetse yekuyerera kwekudzokainogona kushandiswa pakutarisa mvura inodzoka kubva mugomba repasi, ichipa nzira yekuona mashandiro anoita mvura iri mugomba repasi uye kutakurwa kwezvidimbu.
Kuisa zvinhu nemazvo kunosanganisira kushandisa ma "housings" ane simba guru, anodzivirira makemikari e "sensors", ane waya dzakasimba uye data interfaces dzakakodzera mamiriro e "oilfield". Ma "modular sensor packages" anogona kubatsira kubviswa nekukurumidza uye kugadziriswa, izvo zvakakosha kuti basa rirambe richienderera mberi.
Kubatanidza Data kubva kuViscometers neDensity Meters
Kutarisa matope panguva chaiyo hakungobvi pakuyera kwakarurama chete, asiwo pakubatanidza ma "streams" edata kubva kuma "sensors" akawanda. Matekiniki emazuva ano ekutonga rheology yematope anoshandisa data rakarongwa nenguva kuti agadzire ongororo yakazara yezvivakwa zvematope munguva chaiyo.
- Network dzezvinzwabatanidza ma viscometer nema density meter nema supervisory control systems, seSCADA, kuburikidza nema united data protocols (semuenzaniso, MODBUS, OPC-UA).
- Kubatanidza otomatikiinogona kushandisa nguva yakatarwa padanho re sensor, ichienzanisa kuverenga mukati memamiliseconds—chinhu chinodiwa kana hunhu hwemvura huchigona kuchinja nekukurumidza nekuda kwezvinowedzera mvura yekuboorera kana zviitiko zvinongoerekana zvabuda.
- Mienzaniso:Ongororo dzemurabhoritari nedzemunda dzinoratidza kuti helical pipe viscometers nema inline density metres, kana zvabatanidzwa, zvinopa data rechokwadi uye rinogona kushandiswa rekutarisira kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro nepaburi. Semuenzaniso, mapuratifomu akavakirwa pa neural-network akadai seSENSE anoongorora data re sensor rinoenderana nenguva kuti afanotaura ukobvu hwemafuta efirimu uye ave nechokwadi chekuti mafuta akakodzera, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera.
Vashandisi vanowedzera kuvimba nemaalgorithms ekubatanidza data kana madhibhodhi enguva chaiyo kuti vaone uye vaite zvinoenderana nemaitiro akabatana ekugadzirisa madhaka akavakirwa pamafuta. Izvi zvinotsigira kugadziriswa kwekugadzira, zvichiita kuti pave nekuchengetedzeka kwemabasa ekudzikisa madhaka.
Kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemafuta
Kuchengetedza data rakasimba munzvimbo ine hukasha yekuchera madhaka uchishandisa mafuta kunoda masensa ane magadzirirwo akasimba emakanika, emagetsi, uye emakemikari:
- Dzimba dzakaomarara:Vagadziri vemasensa vanoshandisa zvinhu zvakavharwa, zvisingakanganiswi nengura zvakaita sesimbi isingatsvi kana titanium, izvo zvinotsungirira matope anokwesha, anodziya zvakanyanya, uye ane makemikari anopisa.
- Kutarisira kupisa:Nzira dzekutonhodza dzisingashande uye dzinoshanda, pamwe chete nemafuta anozadzwa nemagetsi, zvinobatsira kudzivirira magetsi anonzwa kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya kwevhu. Zvisinei, izvi zvinouya nekuchinjana, senge njodzi yechando yemafuta anozadzwa nevhu kana kuora kwekupisa panzvimbo yepamusoro yekushanda kwevhu.
- Kuvharwa kweganda uye kupatsanurwa kwemuchina:Masensa anoiswa muchikamu chemafuta seari muchirongwa che eRTIS anoshandisa magetsi akavharirwa uye diaphragms dzinopatsanurwa kudzivirira kuvhunduka kwemuchina, kudedera, uye kupinda kwezvikamu zvemvura inoboorwa.
- Kuona mhosho nekuchenjera:Zvishandiso zvepamusoro zvinoshandisa ma "accelerometers" uye maitiro ekuzviongorora; matekiniki ekudzidza kwemuchina anogona kuona nekudzivirira kutadza kwemasensa panzvimbo, kunyangwe akaiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma senge matangi ematope kana zvakananga mumitsetse yekuyerera kwemvura.
Masisitimu akajairwa mumunda anotaura kuti anoshanda kwenguva refu kana paine kudedera kwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana, uye makemikari akasiyana-siyana, sezvakanyorwa nezvishandiso zvakaita seRheonics inline viscometers uye density meters. Kugadzira sisitimu nemazvo—kufukidza kuiswa kwesensa, kuisa, kudzivirirwa kwetambo, uye kuwanikwa kwedata—zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuvimbika kwekuyera uye, pamwe nekugona kuwedzera kugona kwekuvandudza mashandiro esystem yekuchera madhaka.
Kubatanidzwa kwemasensa kwakakodzera kunoumba musimboti wekugadzirisa masisitimu edhijitari akavakirwa pamafuta, zvichibvumira vashandi kuti vatarise hunhu hwemvura yemukati munguva chaiyo uye vapindure nekukurumidza kuti vaone kuchengetedzeka kwemugomba uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Kutarisa Madhaka Munguva Yechokwadi: Kukanganisa Kutarisirwa Kwekumanikidzwa Kwemugomba Uye Kushanda Nemazvo Kwekubhoorera
Kubatana Kwakananga Pakati PeFluid Rheology uye Downhole Pressure Management
Kucherwa kwematope akavakirwa pamafuta kunoumba zvakananga manejimendi yekumanikidzwa kwemugodhi kuburikidza nepesvedzero yayo pamatanho akadai sekusimba kwepurasitiki nenzvimbo yekukohwa. Kusimba kwepurasitiki kunoratidza kuramba kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa uye kukweshana kwemvura, zvichiratidza kuti matope anofamba zviri nyore sei nepaburi remvura kana amanikidzwa. Nzvimbo yekukohwa, kushushikana kwekutanga kunodiwa kuti mvura itange kuyerera, kunodzora kuti matope anogona kutakura sei zvidimbu.
Kugadziriswa kwezvinowedzera mvura yekuboora oiri, zvakaita sePAC_UL polymer kana CMITS-modified starch, kunowedzera mwero weiyield uye viscosity yepurasitiki. Kuchinja uku kunowedzera equivalent circulation density (ECD), iyo inoshanda density yematope anotenderera, izvo zvinodzora downhole hydraulic pressures. Kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kweECD kwakakosha—zviyero zvepamusoro zvinovandudza kucheneswa kwemakomba asi, kana zvakawandisa, zvinogona kupwanya kuumbwa kana kutungamira kurasika kweropa. Saka, kudzora kwakasimba kwe drilling fluid rheology kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro e downhole uye wellbore integrity yakachengeteka.
Kuyera Mutsetse Kunovandudza Sei Kutarisa Kwechokwadi Kwezvinhu zveCore Fluid
Kuongororwa kwevhu kwechinyakare, kushoma pakuwanda uye kunowanzo nonoka nenguva dzekumirira murabhoritari, kunogona kupotsa kuchinja kamwe kamwe mumaitiro evhu akavakirwa pamafuta. Maitiro ekudzora rheology yevhu mumutsara, kunyanya kushandiswa kweviscometers dzinotenderera mumutsara, ikozvino zvinoita kuti pave nekuongororwa kwevhu munguva chaiyo.
Ma sensor aya anogona kuiswa zvine hungwaru panzvimbo dzakakosha muhurongwa hwevhu hwakavakirwa pamafuta, senge mitsetse yekudzosa uye matangi ekusanganisa. Nekuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kwakawanda, vanoshanda mumunda vanoona ipapo ipapo mafambiro ekuongorora fluid drilling, akadai sekuchinja kwe viscosity yakabatana nemafuta matsva ekuwedzera fluid drilling kana kuchinja kwemutoro wezvidimbu.
Nekupa ruzivo rwekukurumidza uye runoshanda, kuyera mukati kunotsigira kugadzirisa masisitimu ematope akavakirwa pamafuta, kuchengetedza mafambiro emvura inoyerera, uye kunobvumira kugadziriswa panguva chaiyo sezvo mamiriro ekuboorera achichinja. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete mashandiro emvura asiwo zvinoenderana nemitemo yekuchengetedza gomba muboorera.
Kukurumidza Kuona uye Kugadzirisa: Kuderedza Njodzi Nenguva Isina Kubudirira
Kuongorora zvinhu zvine matope nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti vashandi vakwanise kuona zvinhu zvisina kunaka panguva yazvinoitika. Masensa ari mumutsara anoona kuwedzera kudiki kwe viscosity kana ECD signaling cuttings kuunganidza, kubuda kwemvura, kana kuchinja kumanikidzwa kwekugadzirwa. Vashandi vemumunda vanogona kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwematope nekukurumidza—kungave kuburikidza nekudiridza, kuwedzera kuwedzerwa kwemvura inocherwa mumatope anobva mumafuta, kana kugadzirisa mwero wekupomba—kudzivirira mamiriro ane njodzi akadai sekusagadzikana kwemvura, mapaipi anonamira, kana kurasikirwa kweropa.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera kunokwirawo kana sarudzo dzichiitwa nedata. Mhinduro chaiyo inotsigira kuverenga kwemahydraulics kunoenderana nekupisa kwechokwadi kwegomba rekudzika uye kumanikidzwa, zvichidzivirira zvikanganiso zvakajairika mukufanotaura kwekumanikidzwa kwepombi izvo nzira dzeAPI dzinowanzo tadza. Kutarisa kwakabatana kwedhiragi - uchishandisa nzira dzekushandisa.Lonnakasanganaer dillingfluid viscometerpamitsetse yekudzoka—inoratidza njodzi dzakadai sekuwedzera kwegasi kanakurasikirwa nemvuramatambudziko akakomba asati aitika, zvichipa simba vashandi kuti vagadzirise matambudziko vasati vatanga.
Muchidimbu, kutarisa madhaka panguva chaiyo uchishandisa ma viscometers ari mumutsara uye ma analyzers zvinoshandura zvakanyanya kutarisa kwemvura mumabasa ekuboora. Nekuona kuti dhaka rakanyatsorongeka uye kugona kugadzirisa nekukurumidza, vashandi vanowana manejimendi ekuwedzera ekumanikidza pasi, njodzi shoma, kugadzirisa matambudziko nekukurumidza, uye kugona kwakanyanya kwekuboora.
Kugadzirisa Kugadziriswa Kwemadhaka Anobva Mumafuta uye Kutarisirwa Kwekuwedzera
Mhinduro Yenguva Yechokwadi Mukushanda Kwekugadzira Madhaka Akavakirwa Pamafuta
Kushandisa matekinoroji ekutarisa matope panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti pave nekuongorora nguva dzose hunhu hwematope anocherwa nemafuta. Ma viscometer anotenderera mumutsara uye masisitimu e viscometer epombi otomatiki anoteedzera ma parameter e rheology emvura inocherwa—senge viscosity uye goho—zvakananga mukati mekutenderera kwemafuta anocherwa nematope, zvichibvisa kunonoka kunotambudza nzira dzemaoko. Ma sensor aya anopa mhinduro nekukurumidza uye anobvumira kuona nekukurumidza kutsauka mumaitiro ematope, senge kudzikira kamwe kamwe kwe viscosity kana shanduko dzine chekuita nekunyungudika kana kusvibiswa.
Mamodheru ekudzidza emuchina anogona kubatanidzwa mukushanda uku kufanotaura kuverenga kwakajairika kweviscometer uye mamwe ma rheological values kubva ku data re sensor renguva chaiyo. Mamodheru aya anopa ongororo dzakavimbika dzekutsigira sarudzo dzakakosha pakutarisira dhaka, zvichivandudza kugona kwekuvandudza mashandiro emvura yekuboora uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekuboora. Semuenzaniso, chiratidzo chisingatarisirwi kubva kuviscometer chinogona kukonzera kurudziro yekugadzirisa zvinowedzera kana kugadzirisa mwero wepombi, kuve nechokwadi chekutarisira kudzvanywa kwegomba uye kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwemabasa ekuboora.
Kugadzirisa Zvinowedzerwa paKuchera Oiri Kuti Uite Murau Wekushanda Kwematope Wakawedzerwa
Kudzora kwezvinowedzera mvura inocherwa nemafuta kunoenderana nedata renguva chaiyo. Masisitimu ekushandisa otomatiki anoshandisa sensor input kudzora kuiswa kwezvinonamira, zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura, zvinogadzirisa ma emulsifier, uye zvinodzivirira shale. Kana kuverenga kwe viscosity kwakawira kunze kwenzvimbo dzakatarwa, iyo dosing unit inogona kuwedzera kuendeswa kwe organophilic clay kana amphipathic polymers - zvichiwedzera chaizvo kuti zvidzore kugadzikana kwe rheological.
Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura kunosanganisirawo mhando itsva dzekuwedzera—dzakadai se nanocomposite agents kana β-cyclodextrin-based polymers—dzinoratidza kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kudzora kurasikirwa kwemvura munzvimbo dzeHPHT. Semuenzaniso, kana kudonha kwekupisa kwepasi kwaonekwa, sisitimu inogona kuchinja yega huwandu hwema polymers anofukidza kuti agare akasimba.
Zvishandiso zve emulsifier zvine upfu, kusanganisira izvo zvakagadzirwa kubva mumarara, zvinopa kugadzikana kuri nani pasherufu uye nyore kubatanidzwa kupfuura zvishandiso zvechinyakare zve emulsifiers. Kuiswa kwazvo kunoita kuti kushandiswa kwekuwedzera kuve nyore uye kunotsigira zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza. Muenzaniso: kuchinjana kwezvinhu panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti sisitimu isanganiswe neupfu hwe emulsifier hwakati kuti ichengetedze chimiro chakakodzera che emulsion musystem yemafuta.
Kugadzirisa Kugadzirwa Kwematope Pakufamba Kwemhepo
Ruzivo rwunoenderera mberi rwunobva mukunyora mumatope edhijitari, kuongorora zvicherwa, uye masensa epamusoro anoiswa mumapuratifomu ekutonga otomatiki. Masisitimu aya anoongorora mafambiro achipesana nenhoroondo dzekare uye mamodheru ekufanotaura kuti aratidze—kana kuita zvakananga—shanduko dzekugadzira mumatope. Semuenzaniso, sezvo mamiriro emuboora achichinja, sisitimu inogona kuderedza huwandu hwechinhu chinorasikirwa nemvura uye kuwedzera huwandu hwe viscosity modifier, zvese izvi pasina kumira mashandiro.
Kuchinjika uku kwakakosha mumatsime akaomarara, kusanganisira mamiriro eHPHT neERD, uko mukana wekugadzirisa kumanikidzwa kwemugomba uri mudiki. Kugadziriswa kunogona kuitwa nekukasika nekuda kwemutoro wekucheka, kubuda kwegasi, kana shanduko mukumanikidzwa kwemudenga, zvichideredza nguva isingabudiriri uye zvichideredza njodzi. Nekubatanidzwa kwekudzidza kwemuchina kwekuongorora zvinhu zvemudhaka panguva chaiyo, nzira yekupa mhinduro inosimba, ichipa nzira inoshanda yekugadzirisa masisitimu emudhaka akavakirwa pamafuta nekumhanya kwekuchinja kwekuboorera.
Muenzaniso unoshanda: Mutsime remvura yakadzika, viscometer inodzungunuka inoona kuwedzera kwe viscosity nekuda kwemaumbirwo anotonhorera. Iyo automated control algorithm inorayira kuderedzwa kwekupinda kwe viscosifier uye kuwedzera kudiki kwe emulsifier yakagadzirwa, zvichiita kuti system ive nani yekuyerera uye njodzi yekubatwa kwepombi. Kupindira uku nekukurumidza, kwakaitwa kuti kuvepo kuburikidza ne integrated analytics uye automation, kunoshanda sehwaro hwemasisitimu emvura ekuboorera anozvitonga emangwana.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Mubvunzo 1. Kutarisa rheology yemvura inocherwa panguva chaiyo kunovandudza sei kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera madhaka uchishandisa mafuta?
Kuongororwa kwemvura inoyerera pakuchera mafuta panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti zvionekwe nekukasika kana paine kuchinja kwe viscosity uye zvisina kunaka. Ma sensors ega uye ma models ekufanotaura anoramba achiyera zvinhu zvakaita se viscosity, yield point, uye density panzvimbo ye rig. Vashandi vanogona kugadzirisa nekukurumidza ma parameter ekuchera—senge mud pump rates kana additive dosages—vachideredza nguva isingabudiriri (NPT) uye vachideredza njodzi yekusagadzikana kwe wellbore. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira mud rheology inodzivirira matambudziko akadai se barite sag uye filtration control failures, zvichiita kuti drilling fluid ishande zvakanaka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT). Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa mu deepwater mud drilling zvakaratidza kuvandudzika kukuru mukushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka, zvichikonzerwa zvakananga nema system ekuongorora mud munguva chaiyo.
Mubvunzo wechipiri. Ndezvipi zvakanakira ma viscometer anotenderera mumutsara kupfuura kuyera viscometer nemaoko mukutarisira mvura yekuboorera yakavakirwa pamafuta?
Ma viscometer anodzungudza ari mumutsara anopa ongororo dzinoenderera mberi, dzinoitwa panguva chaiyo, kusiyana nekutarisa viscometer nemaoko uchishandisa Marsh funnels kana capillary viscometers, izvo zvinogara zvichiitika uye zvinononoka. Ma sensor aya anopa mhinduro yakananga pasina kutora sampling nemaoko, zvichideredza kukanganisa kwevanhu uye zvinovimbisa kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kwekugadzirwa kwematope kana kuwedzerwa kwemvura inodzungudza mafuta. Ma viscometer anodzungudza akagadzirirwa kuoma kwekugadzirisa matope akavakirwa pamafuta, kusanganisira mamiriro eHPHT, uye anoda kugadziriswa kushoma nekuda kwekushaya zvikamu zvinofamba. Kuiswa mumunda mumatsime akadzika zvakanyanya kunosimbisa kugara kwawo kwenguva refu uye kururama, zvichiita kuti ave maturusi akakosha ekuisa ma viscometer mumasisitimu emvura inodzungudza uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwese.
Mubvunzo 3. Masensa emukati anofanira kuiswa kupi mumasisitimu ematope akavakirwa pamafuta kuti pave nekuyera kwakanaka kwehunhu hwematope?
Kuisa zvakanaka mumadhaka akagadzirwa nemafuta kunosanganisira mapombi edhaka mushure memvura, pakubvisa makiyi (semuenzaniso, madhaka anodzoserwa mushure memvura), uye nekukurumidza pasi pemashaker eshale. Iyi nzira inobata madhaka anomiririra, zvichibvumira kutariswa kwakazara kweruzivo rwedhaka uye huwandu hwaro uku ichidzivirira zvishandiso kubva kuzvinhu zvakasimba zvinokuvadza uye kupfeka zvakanyanya. Kubatanidzwa nemasensa ezwi uye density panzvimbo idzi kunosimbisa kutarisa kwemvura mumabasa ekuboora uye kunotsigira nzira dzinoshanda dzekuchengetedza gomba muboora. MuPermian Basin, kuiswa kwemasensa akangwara kwakaderedza mari yekunyora uye kwakavandudza kuboora munzvimbo dzakakosha.
Mubvunzo wechina. Zvinowedzerwa pakuchera mafuta zvinoita basa rei mukutarisa matope panguva chaiyo uye kugadzirisa mashandiro awo?
Zvinowedzerwa mumvura inocherwa mafuta—zvakaita se emulsifiers, weighting agents, uye rheology modifiers—zvakakosha pakugadzirisa rheology, kugadzikana, uye kuwanda kwematope anocherwa mafuta. Real-time mud analytics inotungamira vanoshanda mukugadzirisa zvinowedzerwa kuti vapindure kune shanduko dzinoonekwa mu viscosity, density, kana tembiricha. Masisitimu ekufananidzira anotsanangura data re sensor, zvichiita kuti kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kwekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwematope anocherwa mafuta. Iyi nzira inochengetedza wellbore kugadzikana, inodzora downhole pressure, uye inodzivirira zviitiko zvakaita sekurasikirwa kweropa, barite sag, kana kicks, zvichiita kuti kuchera kushande zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwemari.
Mubvunzo 5. Kudzora kusimba kwemukati uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobatsira sei kuona kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda kwemugomba uri pasi?
Kudzora kusviba kwakadzika uye kuwanda kwemvura kunochengetedza hunhu hwakakosha hwemvura inocherwa mukati memiganhu yakachengeteka nguva dzese. Mhinduro chaiyo kubva kumasensa inobvumira kukurumidza kupindura kune kutsauka kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwetembiricha, kurasikirwa kwemvura, kana kusvibiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-11-2025
