Kuyera kwakarurama uye kunoramba kuripo kwakakosha pakugadzira naphtha uye mashandiro e ethylene cracker—inoratidza hunhu hwezvikafu (hydrocarbon makeup, sulfur content, nezvimwewo), inotungamira kugadzirisa maitiro panguva chaiyo (tembiricha yefurnace/nguva yekugara), inoderedza njodzi dzisiri dzechokwadi, inoderedza kusvibiswa/kuiswa kwecoke, uye inotsigira kutevedzera mitemo uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemiti yepetrochemical, nemidziyo iri mukati senge oscillating tube densitometers uye tembiricha/pressure compensation inoita kuti zvive zvechokwadi.
Pfupiso yeMagadzirirwo eNaphtha uye Ethylene Cracking
Maitiro ekugadzira naphtha anoumba hwaro hwechikamu chemazuva ano che petrochemical. Naphtha, musanganiswa wehydrocarbon unoshanduka kubva kuC5 kusvika kuC12, unonyanya kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekudiridza mafuta asina kucheneswa uye kugadziriswa kwe condensates. Kukosha kwe naphtha kunobva mukusiyana-siyana kwayo: senzvimbo huru yekugadzira ethylene ne propylene, inoshandawo basa guru mukubatanidza peturu, kugadzira solvent, uye kugadzira makemikari akakosha.
Matanho Ekugadzira Naphtha
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Kugadzira naphtha kunotanga nekugadzirira zvekudya, zvakanangana nekubvisa tsvina kubva mumafuta asina kucheneswa kana macondensates. Kudzora tsvina, sekubviswa kwesarufa, kwakakosha kuchengetedza zvikamu zve process zviri pasi uye kuenderana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Danho rinotevera kudistilla kwekutanga—kushandisa mapuranga emhepo kana vacuum kubvisa naphtha sechikamu chechiedza. Kurapa nemvura kunotevera, kunatsa naphtha nekubvisa sarufa yakasara, nitrogen, uye simbi. Danho iri rinovandudza zvikuru kunaka kwekudya kwemishonga pamatanho anotevera ekushandura makemikari.
Zvimwe zvekuvandudza zvinosanganisira catalytic reforming uye isomerization, izvo zvinogadzirisa chimiro che naphtha zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo. Reforming inowedzera octane ratings yepeturu, ukuwo isomerization inogadzirisa chimiro chemahydrocarbon kuti chienderane zviri nani nekugadzirwa kwemakemikari. Matanho aya ekugadzirisa anotsanangura kukodzera kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira pakupwanyika kana kusanganisa pasi.
Basa reNaphtha sechikafu che ethylene cracker furnace rinokonzerwa nechimiro chayo chakaenzana chemamorekuru. Painounzwa kune maitiro ekupwanya kwemhepo, chimiro chenaphtha chinotsigira goho rezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana—kusanganisira musanganiswa we ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, uye xylene. Kuchinjika uku kunotsigira makemikari akabatanidzwa, ayo anoda ma olefins makuru uye zvigadzirwa zvakakosha kuti zviwedzere purofiti uye zvigutse zvinodiwa pamusika.
Mukati mechoto che ethylene cracker, maitiro acho anoitika mumatanho akati wandei akadzorwa zvakasimba:
- Kupisa Kwezvikafu:Naphtha inosanganiswa nemhepo inonyungudutsa, kunyanya kudzivirira kuumbwa kwecoke. Musanganiswa uyu unopiswa nekukurumidza, zvichipa simba rekupisa rinodiwa pakuputika kwemhepo.
- Kutsemuka kwemhepo ine mhute (Nzvimbo Inopenya):Rukova rwunopiswa runopinda mumachubhu emoto, rwunoiswa patembiricha iri pakati pe850°C ne950°C. Pasi petembiricha idzi dzakakwirira uye nguva pfupi yekugara, ma hydrocarbon bonds anotyoka, zvichigadzira ethylene, propylene, nedzimwe olefins dzakareruka.
- Kudzima uye Kupatsanurwa Kwechigadzirwa:Pakubuda, gasi rakatsemuka rinotonhodzwa ipapo ipapo muchikamu chekudzima mvura kuti rimise kusawirirana kusingadiwe uye kuchengetedza kubuda kwe ethylene. Rukova rwechigadzirwa rwunobuda runopatsanurwa uchishandisa zvidimbu zvezvikamu, ma decanters, uye ma absorbers, zvichiparadzanisa ma olefins ega ega nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa.
- Kucheneswa Kwechigadzirwa:Pakupedzisira, nzira yega yega yechigadzirwa inocheneswa kusvika pahunhu hwakatarwa, ichibvisa chero tsvina yasara kuburikidza nema absorbers, molecular seeves, uye distillation columns.
Rudzi rwezvikafu zvakatsemuka zvinoumba zvakananga kugoverwa kwechigadzirwa. Naphtha inogadzira portfolio yakasimba yezvigadzirwa zvechikafu asi ine goho rakaderera re ethylene—kazhinji 25–35% nehuremu hwechikafu. Kusiyana neizvi, zvimwe zvekudya zvakaita se ethane zvinopa goho re ethylene rinosvika 80% asi nezvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvishoma. Kusiyana uku kunoumba dhizaini yemiti, mhedzisiro yehupfumi, uye kuoma kwematambudziko ekuyera huwandu hwemvura.
Macracker e-ethylene anoshandisa naphtha anoda zvishandiso zvepamusoro zvekuyera huwandu hwemvura uye michina yekuongorora huwandu hwemvura mukati mekuita uku. Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwemvura zvinotarisa mhando yekudya kwenaphtha, kusanganisa kwakarurama, uye kubatsira kugadzirisa kushanda zvakanaka kwecracker. Kuyera huwandu hwemvura kwakarurama kunodzidzisa nzira dzekuyera huwandu hwemvura uye kunotsigira kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa, zvichiratidza kubatanidzwa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwemvura - zvakakosha kune vanogadzira zvirimwa zvikuru zve ethylene.
Kunzwisisa maitiro ekugadzira naphtha uye basa rayo rinotevera mukupwanyika kwe ethylene kwakakosha pakushandisa kushanduka-shanduka kwechigadzirwa cheindasitiri ye petrochemical uye mashandiro azvo. Kubatana pakati pemhando ye feedstock, magadzirirwo emaitiro, uye tekinoroji yekuyera kunoita kuti zvirimwa zvigadzirwe uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemusika nezvakatipoteredza.
Kugadzirisa Maitiro uye Maparamita Ekudzora Akakosha
Kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana mukati mechoto che ethylene cracker kunosarudza zvakananga goho re ethylene uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro acho. Kusarudzwa kwezvikafu, kutonga mamiriro echoto, uye kutarisira nguva dzekuita ndizvo hwaro hwemaitiro ekugadzira naphtha akagadziridzwa.
Kusarudzwa kwezvikafu zvechikafu ndicho chinhu chikuru chinobatsira. Naphtha yakareruka uye zvimwe zvekudya zvakaita se ethane zvine huwandu hwakaderera uye zvakapfuma muparaffins, zvichiwedzera ethylene selectivity uku zvichideredza zvinobuda muzvinhu zvisina kunaka uye kuumbwa kwecoke. Kusiyana neizvi, zvikafu zvakapwanyika zvine huwandu hwakawanda—nekuda kwemahydrocarbon akakora—zvinoguma nekuderedza goho re ethylene uye kuwedzera kweutsi. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuwedzera kwega kwega kwehuwandu hweC8+ kunoenderana nekurasikirwa kwegoho, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekutarisa nekudzora zvikafu zvechikafu nguva dzose.
Mukati mechoto, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakakwana ye coil-outlet (≈850°C) kwakakosha kuti pave nekukwanisa kuwedzera maitiro ekutanga ekupwanyika. Kutsauka kunotungamira kune maitiro echipiri asingadiwe kana kuti coke yakawanda. Nguva yekugara inofanira kugadziriswa zvakanaka; kana iri pfupi, kuchinja kunokanganisika, asi kana ikaramba kwenguva refu, ethylene inodyiwa mumaitiro akatevedzana, zvichideredza kubuda. Kubatana kwetembiricha nenguva yekugara, zvakagadziriswa nekuda kwehuwandu uye kuumbwa kwechikafu, ndiyo hwaro hwekushanda kwakanaka.
Kuyera density ndiyo nzira yakakosha inoita kuti pave nedanho iri rekudzora. Vachishandisa zvishandiso zvepamusoro zvekuyera density, zvakaita seLonnmeter's inline density metres, vashandi vanowana data renguva chaiyo pamusoro pezvinhu zve liquid feedstock. Midziyo yakadaro yekuyera density inopa mhinduro nekukurumidza pamusoro pemuumbirwo we naphtha inouya uye feedstock dzakatsemuka. Mhinduro iyi inozivisa kugadziriswa kwechoto chemoto kuti chipfute, kumanikidzwa kwedhiramu remhepo, uye arch oxygen, zvichichengetedza goho kunyangwe zvinhu zvechikafu zvichichinja.
Nzira dzekuyera huwandu hwemvura muchimiro ichi dzinosanganisira kutarisa panguva chaiyo uchishandisa zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwemvura, kunyanya kuburikidza nemasensa ari mumutsara anodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kunowanzoitika pakushanda kwe ethylene cracker. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekusiyana kwekudya kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwegoho uye zvinobvumira kubatanidzwa kwakasimba nemasisitimu ekudzora maitiro.
Matekiniki ekuyera huwandu hwemvura akarurama anotsigira kudzora nekuvandudza fungidziro. Vashandi vanoshandisa maturusi ekuyera huwandu hwemvura kuti vaone kana zvinhu zvinouya zvakakodzera kushandura zvinobudirira kana kuti kana zvichidikanwa kusanganisa. Semuenzaniso, mabheti e naphtha anogona kurongwa nenzira inochinja-chinja uye kusanganiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakayerwa, zvichiita kuti mamiriro echoto arambe ari muhurongwa hwakakodzera hwekugadzirwa kwe ethylene.
Midziyo yekuongorora huwandu hwemvura inokanganisa zvakananga kuronga nguva, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Kana madensitometer achiratidza shanduko kuenda kune huwandu hwekudya hwakanyanya, mainjiniya ekugadzirisa anogona kupindira nekugadzirisa tembiricha yechoto, chiyero chemhepo, kana nguva yekuita, zvichidzosera maitiro acho kukushanda zvakanaka. Mumafekitori emazuva ano, data renguva chaiyo rehuwandu rinobva kumidziyo yakasimba rinotsigirawo multigranularity modeling yekugovera chikafu uye manejimendi ye throughput.
Muchidimbu, kugadzirisa mashandiro ekugadzira ethylene kunoenderana nekutarisa nguva dzose uye kudzora maitiro akakosha: kusarudzwa kwezvikafu, maparamita echoto, uye nguva yekuita. Kuiswa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera density zvakavimbika kubva kuLonnmeter kunobvumira kunzwisisa mashandiro ekuita, kuchengetedza goho uye kugonesa kushanda kwenguva refu uye kwakanaka mumatanho ese ekupwanya naphtha.
Nheyo uye Kukosha kweKuyerwa kweHuremu
Kuyera density kunoshanda sedombo guru rekudzora maitiro ekugadzira naphtha uye mashandiro e ethylene cracker furnace. Mukupwanya naphtha-steam, density inopa ruzivo rwekukurumidza nezvekwakabva feedstock uye nhoroondo yayo yekunatswa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha pakugadzirisa maitiro. Density ye naphtha—inowanzo verengerwa nemaitiro akajairwa ekuyera density yemvura akadai seASTM D4052—haingoratidzi chete hydrocarbon makeup asiwo shanduko muhuwandu hwesarufa, kunhuhwirira, uye kugoverwa kweparafini. Kusiyana uku kunokanganisa zvakananga goho rezvigadzirwa, kushanda zvakanaka, uye maitiro ekusvibisa mu ethylene cracker furnace, zvichisimbisa density sechiratidzo chikuru chemhando yekudya uye kugona kwayo kupwanyika.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu kunobvumira vashandi vemafekitori kutarisa kuenderana kwezvikafu zvakatsemuka panguva chaiyo. Nekubata kushanduka kwehuwandu hwezvinhu, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa tembiricha yechoto nenguva yekugara nekukurumidza, kugadzirisa kugoverwa kwezvigadzirwa uye kuderedza njodzi yenzizi dzisina kutsanangurwa. Kudzora kwakadaro kwakakosha mukuwedzera kugadzirwa kwe ethylene, kuderedza kuiswa kwe coke, uye kuwedzera mashandiro ekushanda kwezvikafu zvinotsemuka.
Pakati payo, huwandu hunotsanangurwa sehukuru pahuwandu hweyuniti (ρ = m/V). Kuyera huwandu munzvimbo yekucheneserwa zvinosanganisira kuona huwandu chaihwo uye huwandu hwesampuro yemvura pasi pemamiriro chaiwo ekupisa uye kumanikidzwa. Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hweindasitiri zvinotarisa pakuyera huwandu hwakarurama uye huwandu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Oscillating tube densitometry, inonyanya kushandiswa muLonnmeter inline densitometry, inoverenga huwandu nekuona shanduko dzefrequency muU-tube inodedera yakazadzwa nesampuro fluid—shanduko dzinoenderana zvakananga nehuremu hwesampuro. Nzira iyi inoita kuti isave nechokwadi pasi pe0.1% nekuongororwa kwakasimba uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuvimbika kwayo uye kugona kwayo.
Dzimwe nzira huru dzinosanganisira hydrostatic weighing uye pycnometry. Zvisinei, izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora murabhoritari kana kuti kuongorora mhando sezvo zvichiwanzoda kupindira nemaoko uye zvisingakwanise kupa zviyero zvinogara zvichiitwa panguva chaiyo zvinodiwa muzvirimwa zvemazuva ano. Mumafekitori emaindasitiri, michina yekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu yakanyatsogadzirwa inoiswa nguva dzose panzvimbo dzakakosha mukuyerera kwemaitiro kuti irambe ichiyedza huwandu hwezvinhu, zvichiita kuti mhinduro dzekushanda dzikurumidze kutsauka uye kutsigira kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa.
Zvakakosha kuti michina yekuyera huwandu hwevanhu iongorore mhedzisiro yetembiricha nekumanikidzwa, sezvo shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzinokonzereswa nemaitiro dzinogona kushandura zvakanyanya kukosha kwakayerwa. Midziyo yepamusoro inobatanidza muripo wetembiricha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuverenga kwehuremu nevhoriyamu zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, basa rakaitwa kuti rive rakaoma asi rakaruramawo nekuvandudzwa mukugadzira masensa uye maitiro ekugadzirisa.
Muchidimbu, kuyera kwakarurama uye kunoramba kuripo kwehuwandu hwemvura uchishandisa maturusi akasimba akadai se inline oscillating tube meters kwakakosha pakuvimbisa mhando uye kugadzirisa mashandiro mukugadzirwa kwe naphtha uye mashandiro e ethylene cracker furnace. Aya matekiniki ekuyera huwandu anopa data rakakosha rekuchengetedza hutano hwezvikafu, kuvandudza kugara zvakanaka kwechigadzirwa, uye pakupedzisira kutungamira mashandiro ehupfumi nekushanda kwezvirimwa zve petrochemical.
Matekinoroji neZvishandiso zveKuyera Density Yepamusoro
Kuchinja kubva pakuyera huwandu hwemvura hwechinyakare kuenda pakuyera huwandu hwemvura hwakavakirwa pa sensor kwakachinja maindasitiri ekugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sekugadzira naphtha, mashandiro e ethylene cracker furnace, uye kutarisa nguva dzose kwezvikafu zvakapwanyika. Maitiro ekutanga ekuyera huwandu hwemvura aishandiswa nemaoko kana semi-otomatiki, zvichida kubata kwakawanda kwemasampuro uye nguva yakareba yemushandisi. Capillary viscometers, hydrostatic method, uye musimboti waArchimedes zvaive zvakakosha asi zvaitora nguva, zvichiwanzoburitsa data remurabhoritari re one-point pane kutonga kwemaitiro panguva chaiyo.
Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakajairwa, zvakaita seCoriolis flow meter kana oscillating tube viscometers, zvakaratidza kunaka kuri nani asi zvakaramba zvichisangana nematambudziko. Semuenzaniso, Coriolis metres inogona kurasikirwa nekunaka kwayo ne multiphase mixes, intrained gas, kana kuyerera kusina kurongeka—mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika muindasitiri ye petrochemical. Nzira idzi dzinowanzoda kugadziriswa kwakawanda, kugadziriswa, uye kunonoka nekuda kwekubviswa kwesampuro kana kushandiswa nemaoko.
Midziyo yemazuva ano yekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu yakaunza masensa madiki ane hunyanzvi hwedhijitari hwakabatanidzwa hunokurudzira kuyedzwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu mumvura panguva chaiyo. Tekinoroji yekuona zvakaita sekugadzira forogo densitometers, acoustic uye capacitive devices, uye ma x-ray absorption systems zvino anopa kuyerwa kunogara kuripo, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekutora sampuro dzekunze uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwevanhu.
Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu uye maturusi
Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwevanhuinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvikuru zvakasiyana, chimwe nechimwe chichishandisa misimboti yakasiyana yemuviri:
Maitiro Ekudzikisa (Tuning Fork, Cantilever):
Ma sensor e vibrational, anosanganisira Lonnmeter inline density metres, anovimba nekuchinja kwe resonance frequency sezvo mvura ichipfuura kana kusangana nechinhu chinodedera. Mukugadzirisa zvishandiso zveforogo, ma prong maviri anoiswa kuti atenderere; density yemvura inokanganisa frequency yavo yechisikigo. Nzvimbo dzine kuyerera kwakasimba, senge mapaipi ari mu ethylene cracker furnaces, dzinobatsirwa nezvishandiso izvi nekuda kwekugadzikana kwakanyanya uye kupindura nekukurumidza. Zvishandiso zveCantilever zvinopa misimboti yakafanana, ine sensitivity yakakodzera kune ese maNewtonian neesiri maNewtonian fluids. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya pakudzora nguva dzose mukubatanidza, kugadzirisa, uye kutarisa throughput, pamwe nekutsiva tembiricha nekushanduka-shanduka kwesimba zvichiita kuti kushanda kwakavimbika mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma e petrochemical.
MaSensor eAcoustic:
Masensa eAcoustic anoyera kumhanya kweruzha kuburikidza nemvura, iyo inosiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura uye maumbirwo ayo. Nekutumira pulse ye ultrasonic munzira yakatarwa uye kubata nguva yayo yekufambisa, sensor inoverenga huwandu zvakananga. Midziyo yeAcoustic inobatsira kune ma streams ane misanganiswa yakawanda-senge feedstock yakapwanyika-uko shanduko dzechikamu chekukurumidza dzinowanzoitika. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) uye fiber optic arrays zvinogonesawo kuyera zvakadzama maitiro ekuyerera uye kusiyana kwehuwandu pasina kukanganisa maitiro. Masisitimu aya anobudirira mukushandiswa kunoda kukanganiswa kushoma kwesampuro, kunoenderera mberi pakubuda kwepamusoro uye kusiyana kwechikamu chechikamu.
Nzira dzeKudzvanywa uye dzeDiaphragm:
Zvishandiso zvinoshandisa pressure diaphragm zvinoshandisa differential pressure kuburikidza ne geometry inozivikanwa kuti zviverenge density. Munzvimbo dzakanyanya, dzakadai se visbreaking kana mamwe ma naphtha units ane tembiricha yepamusoro, diaphragm seals inodzivirira zvikamu zvinonzwa uku ichitumira shanduko dzakarurama dzekumanikidza kuma remote transmitters kana inline. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi zvakaita se stainless steel uye high-tembiricha fill fluids zvinochengetedza mashandiro emidziyo mumamiriro ezvinhu anopfuura 400°C uye high pressures, ne integrated calibration ichivimbisa kuteverwa uye kuvimbika kwekuyera. Kugadziriswa nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, flushing ports) kunochengetedza kururama mumaitiro anowanzo shandiswa pakusvibisa mvura.
Zvishandiso Zvinoshandisa Magnetic Field:
Magnetic densimeters anoshandisa kudyidzana kwemvura nesimba remagineti—kungave kuburikidza nekufamba kwemagineti mukati mechubhu yekutarisa kana kuburikidza neHall effect sensors—apo shanduko musimba remvura inoenderana nehuwandu hwemvura. Izvi zvinobatsira kune samples dzisingafambise kana dzinoparadza; zvisinei, dzinoda muripo wakanyatsonaka kana dzichishandiswa munzizi dzine compositions dzakasiyana kana high temperature gradients.
Nzira dzeKutora X-ray:
Mukutsvaga uye munzvimbo dzakagadzirwa zvinhu zvinoda kunyatsorurama kwakanyanya pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa, kunyudzwa kwe x-ray kunopa mhinduro yakasimba, isingapindi. X-rays ine simba rakawanda inopfuudzwa nemumuenzaniso, uye kuderedzwa kwesimba kunoyerwa; mwero wekunyudzwa kwacho wakanangana nekuwanda uye ukobvu hwemuenzaniso. Kana ikasanganiswa nemasero edhaimani ane laser-heated, nzira iyi inogonesa kuyerwa pakumanikidzwa kuri pamusoro pe20 GPa uye tembiricha dziri pamusoro pe2000 K—mamiriro ezvinhu anosangana mukutsvaga kwezvinhu zvepamusoro uye zvidzidzo zve petrochemical zvine simba rakawanda. Nzira iyi inopa kusava nechokwadi kwakaderera kusvika ku0.01%, ichifukidza zvikamu zvakasimba uye zvemvura munguva chaiyo uye pasi pekuchinja kwekushisa kunochinja.
Hunhu hweKuenzanisa Kwekuita
Matekinoroji emazuva ano ekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu akagadziridzwa kuti ashande zvakanaka uye asanganisire maitiro. Maturusi ekuyera ari mumutsara nemidziyo yakaita seyakapihwa neLonnmeter ine zvakanakira zvakawanda zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare:
- Kuyera kwenguva chaiyo, kunoramba kuchiitwainobvumira mhinduro yakananga yekugadzirisa otomatiki maitiro mumafurnace ethylene cracker kana mashandiro ekubatanidza naphtha.
- Kubata sampuro kwakadererauyenguva dzekupindura nekukurumidzakuderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro.
- Maitiro ekugadzirisa nekuyera magadzirirwo edhijitarikuderedza kusiyana kunoenderana nemushandi, zvichiwedzera kuenderana kwechigadzirwa uye kudzorwa kwemhando.
- Kuramba kusvibiswa, tembiricha, uye kufamba kwekumanikidzwaMuzvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvinoita kuti kuyerwa kwakasimba kunyangwe paine kuyerera kwezvikafu zvakatsemuka, musanganiswa wakaoma wehydrocarbon, kana nzvimbo dzakanyanya kuchekwa.
Nzira dzemazuva ano dzemarabhoritari dzinoramba dziri nzira yekutarisa nayo zvinhu, kunyanya kana kusaziva kana kutevedza mayuniti eSI kuchidikanwa. Zvisinei, pakutarisa nguva dzose, kwakawanda-kazhinji kwenzira dzekushanda, michina yekuyera inline density inomiririra mwero weindasitiri.
Hunhu hweKushanda uye Zvinhu Zvinoita Basa
Kuvimbika kwekuyera munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri kunoenderana nezviyero zvakasiyana-siyana. Huwandu hwemuenzaniso hunokanganisa kuratidzwa uye kumhanya kwekupindura kwehuwandu hwezvinhu. Zvishandiso zvinoshanda nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvishoma zvinofanirwa kudzora kusimba kwekuyera kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti data rine zvarinoreva, kunyanya kune zvinoshandiswa mukati memuchina zvakaita semidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu yeLonnmeter. Kunzwa kwakakoshawo - kugona kuona shanduko dzisinganzwisisike muhunhu kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuenderana kwechigadzirwa uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ekugadzirisa zvinhu mumatura akapwanyika kana maitiro ekugadzira naphtha.
Kureba kwekupisa kunoita basa guru mukusarudza michina uye kugadzikana kwekuyera. Midziyo yekuyera density yemvura inofanira kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakupisa kwepakati kusvika kune kwakanyanya mukushanda kwe ethylene cracker. Semuenzaniso, kuyerwa kwakarurama pa >800°C, sezvinoonekwa mu ethylene cracker furnaces, kune zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira kuora kwezvinhu zve sensor, kudonha, uye kupfupikiswa kwe calibration cycles. Kupisa kwakanyanya kwekushanda kunokurumidza ngura, kukonzera kuneta kwemuchina, uye kumanikidza kushandiswa kwe specialized sensor coatings kana ma instrument housing akasimba kuti nguva yebasa iwedzere uye kuchengetedza kururama.
Kururama pachakwo kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo uye mashandiro ayo. Matekiniki emazuva ano ekuyera huwandu hwezvinwiwa anoenderana nekusimbisa kwakajairika zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo. Kune mashandisirwo ezvinwiwa zvakapwanyika, kusarongeka kudiki mukuona huwandu hwezvinwiwa kunowedzera kuita shanduko dzisina kururama, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka uye goho. Kutevedzera zvakanyanya maitiro ekugadzirisa uye kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzekutarisa dzinogara dzichiongororwa kunotsigira kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinwiwa zvakanyatsonaka munzvimbo dzinocheneswa.
Kuyera huwandu hwezvikafu zvakapwanyika mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kunounza matambudziko akasiyana. Kuyerera kwemaitiro mumafurnace ethylene cracker nemiti ye naphtha kunowanzova nezvikamu, kuyerera kwezvikamu zvakawanda, uye mahydrocarbon anochinja zvakanyanya. Mamita eLonnmeter inline density akagadzirwa kuti agone kutsungirira mamiriro aya ane hukasha nekuvakwa kwakasimbiswa uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira kushushikana kwemakemikari nekupisa. Pasinei nekufambira mberi uku, musanganiswa wekumhanya kwakanyanya, shanduko dzechikamu chinokurumidza, uye kupisa kwakanyanya mukati me process coils zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwekuyera kwekupisa uye kwemuchina, zvichikonzera protocol dzakasimba dzekubata sampuro uye kuisa.
Kuongororwa kwezvikanganiso mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro kunoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora nekutora mifananidzo. Nzira dzekare dzekufamba netsoka ne pycnometry dzinopa mhedzisiro yakavimbika munzvimbo dzakadzorwa asi hadzishande zvakanaka pakupisa kwakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa, kusviba kwemucheto, uye kuyerera kwe calibration. Nzira dzepamusoro, dzinosanganisira UV ne thermal imaging, dzinowedzera kururama nekuderedza zvigadzirwa zvemwaranzi uye kuvandudza kusiyana munzvimbo yekuyera. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirisa mamiriro emifananidzo - akadai sekubvisa kumashure uye elliptical fitting - kunogona kuderedza nehafu kusava nechokwadi kwemiganhu kunyangwe pakushanda pamusoro pe3000 K. Chati 1 inoratidza manyuko makuru ekukanganisa uye kukanganisa kwavo pakunyatso:
Kusimbiswa kwechokwadi kwemidziyo kunosanganisira kudzokororwa kwekuyera uchishandisa masampuli ereferensi ane certification. Mukushandiswa kwezvikafu zvakapwanyika, kuenzaniswa hakufanirwe kungogamuchira chete mhedzisiro ye viscosity yemuenzaniso uye kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekupisa asiwo kutenderera kwenguva refu kwesensor. Zvidzidzo zvakaburitswa zvinoratidza kuti kudzokororwa kwenzvimbo uchishandisa mareferensi anoteverwa kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remidziyo kaviri, kuderedza kuwanda kwekudzokororwa, uye kuchengetedza mazinga ezvikanganiso ari pasi pe1% mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kusimbiswa kwemaitiro ese—kwakawedzerwa nekuongorora kwakaiswa mukati—kunoramba kuri kwakakosha kuti maitiro arambe achienderera mberi uye kuchengetedzeka munzvimbo dze petrochemical.
Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, zvakaita sezvakaitwa neLonnmeter, zvinosanganisa masensa arrays, maitiro ekuchenesa otomatiki, uye kutarisa kure kuti zvikwanise kuvimbika kwekushanda. Muzvishandiso zvekuyedza huwandu hwezvinhu zvine mvura, kuongororwa kwekukanganisa nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa ndizvo zvinoyera kutevedzera mitemo, kudzora maitiro, uye kushanda pamwe chete kwemusika. Pakupedzisira, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu munzvimbo dzakaoma kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvakaoma, kugadzirisa kwakazara, uye kutarisa kukanganisa kwakarongeka—mbiru dzakakosha kune nzira dzese dzekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvine mvura muindasitiri yepetrochemical.
Mashandisirwo eKuyera Density muPetrochemical Processes
Midziyo yekuyera huwandu hwemvura, yakaita se vibrating tube densitometers, inokosha mukugadzirwa kwe naphtha uye kushanda kwe ethylene cracker furnaces. Zvayakagadzirwa zvakananga mukati memapipeline eprocess, izvi zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwemvura zvinopa kutarisa nguva dzose, panguva chaiyo kwehuwandu hwemvura - chinhu chakakosha pakudzora mhando yezvinhu zvakasvibiswa uye kuita nekukurumidza kune shanduko mumamiriro ekugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, vibrating tube densitometers inoona huwandu hwemvura nekuyera mafambiro e resonance frequency echubhu yakazadzwa ne process fluid; sezvo huwandu hwemvura huchichinja, ndizvo zvinoitawo resonance frequency, zvichipa data nekukurumidza uye rakarurama kunyangwe pasi pekushisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye kumanikidzwa, kusanganisira mamiriro e cryogenic ane chekuita nematanho ekutonhora kwe feedstock yakapwanyika. Kuenzanisa nemahydrocarbons akadai se methane ne ethane kunoita kuti zvishandiso izvi zvirambe zvakarurama kune akasiyana petrochemical fluids.
Mukugadzirwa kwe naphtha, inline density metres inobvumira vashandi kutarisa kusimba kwe feedstock uye huwandu hwekusvibiswa pasina kukanganiswa kwekutora sampling nemaoko. Midziyo yekuyera density inoona shanduko dzisinganzwisisike dzine chekuita nekutsauka kweprocess kana kuvapo kwetsvina isingadiwe - senge munyu nesimbi - zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa mumachubhu e ethylene cracker furnace. Kuverenga kwe density panguva chaiyo kunogonesa kugadzirisa mwero wekusefa uye masisitimu ekuchenesa feedstock, zvichibatsira kuderedza kuumbwa kwe coke uye kuwedzera nguva yekushanda kwechoto ukuwo zvichideredza mari yekugadzirisa isina kurongwa. Nekuchengetedza mhando ye feedstock yakafanana, chishandiso chekuyera density ye liquids chinovandudzawo kuvimbika kwekushanda uye mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza, sezvakanyorwa muzvidzidzo zvakawanda nemishumo yekutengeserana.
Data re density sensor ndiro rakakosha pakugadzirisa mashandiro e ethylene crackers. Yakabatanidzwa mukati meDistributed Control Systems (DCS), Lonnmeter's inline density metres inopa data rinoramba richienderera kune vanodzora mashandiro, zvichibatsira pakuchinja kwekushisa kwechoto uye feedstock flow rate. Semuenzaniso, kutsauka mukuverenga kwe density kunogona kuratidza shanduko mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro kana kutanga kwe fouling; vashandi vanogona kupindura nekugadzirisa profile ye tembiricha yechoto kana kugadzirisa throughput, nokudaro vachivandudza goho rezvigadzirwa nekushandiswa kwesimba. Ongororo dzemaindasitiri dzinoratidza mabhenefiti anogona kuverengerwa: throughput iri nani, nguva shoma dzekushanda, uye kuchengetedza simba, nekudzoka kwemari yemidziyo yekuyera density inowanzoonekwa mukati memwedzi yakati wandei nekuda kwekushanda kwakawedzerwa.
Panyaya yekuchengetedzeka, kutarisa huwandu hwevanhu nguva dzose kunopa yambiro yekutanga yezvisina kunaka zvinogona kukanganisa kuvimbika kwemidziyo mumidziyo ye ethylene cracker. Humbowo hwakaburitswa hunosimbisa kuti kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu panguva chaiyo kunotsigira nzira dzekudzivirira; vashandi vanogona kupindira vasati vasvibiswa kana kuunganidzwa kwecoke kwawedzera kusvika pakukundikana kunodhura kana njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Kufambira mberi uku hakungovimbisi chete kushanda kwakachengeteka asiwo kunoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza nekudzora kuburitswa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nekupiswa kusina kunaka uye kutamiswa kwekupisa.
Mienzaniso kubva kumafekitori emafuta anoshanda inoratidza kuti kushandisa michina yepamusoro yekuongorora huwandu hwemvura kunotungamira kumabasa echoto akasimba, mhando yepamusoro yechigadzirwa, uye kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba. Maitiro ekuyera huwandu hwemvura - kusanganisira nzira dze vibrating tube, vibronic, uye Coriolis - anopa kunyatsojeka kunodiwa munzvimbo idzi dzinoda simba, kazhinji achiwana kururama kwe ±0.1 kg/m³ kana zviri nani munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakakwira. Kutsauka kubva kumaprofayili ehuwandu anotarisirwa kunoita kuti kukurumidza kuzivikanwa kwekusagadzikana kwemaitiro, zvichitsigira kugadzirisa uye kuvimbisa mhando mukugadzira naphtha uye ethylene cracking units.
Kubatanidzwa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera density zveLonnmeter mukati memaitiro aya kunoratidza kuti data renguva chaiyo rinogonesa sei indasitiri yemakemikari kuchinja kubva pakuedza nemaoko nguva nenguva kuenda kukutonga kwakazara uye kwakasimba. Sezvo mashandiro epetrochemical achiwedzera kuoma uye kudzorwa, zvishandiso zvekuyera density zvinosimbiswa sezvinokosha pakushanda kwehupfumi nekuchengetedza.
Zvipingamupinyi uye Mhinduro
Zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaita se pycnometers, hydrometers, uye zvishandiso zveU-tube zvinofamba nemaoko zvakashanda muchikamu che petrochemical kwemakumi emakore. Zvisinei, nzvimbo dzekugadzira petrochemical—dzakadai se ethylene cracker furnaces uye maitiro ekugadzira naphtha—dzinowanzo konzera matambudziko anowanzo pfuura kugona kwadzo. Kubata sampuro dzenzira idzi kunoda simba rakawanda uye kunowanzo kanganisa. Kuchinja kwetembiricha panguva yekufambisa kunogona kushandura mhedzisiro, nepo nyaya dzakadai sekupinda kwebubble air bubble dzinowanzo kukanganisa kururama. Semuenzaniso, kuyera huwandu hwe feedstock yakapwanyika kana naphtha streams dzinotenderera kunoda kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye kuchena kwesampuro, mamiriro ezvinhu asingadzokororwe nyore nyore murabhoritari, kunyanya nemasampuro ane viscous kana akawanda.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushanda—kupisa kwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kana paine makemikari ane hukasha kana akasvibiswa—zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoderera nekukurumidza kana kuti zvinokundikana kupa mhedzisiro inodzokororwa. Zvishandiso izvi hazviwanzo kwanisa kuteedzera shanduko dzemaitiro munguva chaiyo, saka mapoka ekushanda haana data rinokurumidza uye rinogona kuitwa. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu mumvura muchoto che ethylene cracker, nzira dzekare dzinoda kutorwa sampuli nemaoko, zvichiunza kunonoka kunodzivirira kushanduka kwemaitiro. Kushaikwa kwemhinduro panguva yakakodzera kunogona kutungamira kusarudzo dzisina kunaka dzekupwanya uye kuderedza goho rechigadzirwa.
Kuvimba nekuyera nemaoko kunoderedzawo kubatanidzwa nemasystem ezvishandiso zvemagetsi. Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinwiwa zvekare hazvipe data rinoenderera mberi uye zvinoda kupindira kwakakosha kwemushandisi kuti agadzirise uye agadzirise. Kudzokorora kakawanda uye mukana wekudonha kunowedzera kusava nechokwadi kwekushanda uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwezviwanikwa. Muzvishandiso zvemazuva ano zve petrochemical zvinoisa pamberi kufambisa nekuchengetedzeka, kunonoka uku uye kusashanda zvakanaka zvinoreva kuwedzera kwemitengo uye kuzviisa panjodzi.
Zvishandiso zvepamusoro zvekuyera huwandu hwemvura mumutsara, zvakaita seizvo zvakagadzirwa neLonnmeter, zvinogadzirisa zvipingamupinyi izvi nekupa ongororo inogara iripo, isina kugadziriswa zvakanyanya. Zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirwa kuti zvikwanise kutsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekushanda—tembiricha yakakwira, kusiyana kwesimba, uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyerera dzinosangana mumidziyo yepetrochemical. Semuenzaniso, inline vibrating tube densitometers uye advanced acoustic density metres zvinogona kuiswa zvakananga mumitsetse yekushanda kana kutamisa, zvichibvisa zvikanganiso zvekubata sampuro nemamiriro asina kunaka pakati pemvura yekurabhoritari neyekushanda. Mhinduro yavo nekukurumidza inopa data renguva chaiyo, zvichigonesa mhinduro nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa maitiro, zvakakosha pakugadzira naphtha uye pakugadzirisa hunhu hwezvikafu mumidziyo ye ethylene cracker.
Kusarudzwa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwakakodzera hakusi kwese; kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nemaitiro uye hunhu hwechikafu. Semuenzaniso, kusarudza nzira yekuyera huwandu hwezvinwiwa mukuita kwenaphtha kunoda chishandiso chakarurama, chinodzokororwa, uye chinoenderana nemakemikari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekupisa nekumanikidzwa. Inline vibrating tube metres inofarirwa kune marwizi emvura akachena echikamu chimwe chete nekuda kwekunyatsorongeka kwawo, nepo masisitimu epamusoro e acoustic kana multi-sensor hybrid akakodzera zviri nani kuyera huwandu hwezvikafu zvakapwanyika zvine gasi rakaiswa mumhepo kana zvidimbu. Zvichienderana nezvinonyanya kukosha mumaitiro—kuburikidza, kuvimbika, kana nyore kugadzirisa—mainjiniya anofanirwa kuongorora zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa huwandu hwezvishandiso, kuoma kwekubatanidza, uye zvinodiwa zvekutsigira zviri kuramba zvichiitika.
Muchidimbu, kuwedzera kuvimbika kwemidziyo yekuyedza huwandu hwemvura inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemafuta kunoenderana nekusarudza mhinduro dzakasimba dzinoenderana nemaitiro uye mamiriro ezvinhu ezvekudya. Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvinovhara musiyano uripo pakati pekururama kwerabhoritari uye zvinodiwa pakuita zvinhu chaizvo, zvichiita kuti mashandiro anyatsojeka, anoshanda, uye akachengeteka mukati meketani yemafuta, kubva pakuongorora kwezvekudya zvakapwanyika kusvika pakusimbiswa kwehunhu hwe naphtha.
Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekusarudza nekushandisa Midziyo Yekuyera Density
Kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera chekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumafuta epetrochemical senge ethylene cracker furnaces kana maitiro ekugadzira naphtha kunoda kurongeka kwakanyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa nemaitiro uye zvinodiwa nemutemo. Vashandi vanofanirwa kufunga nezvekuenderana kwemakemikari, musimboti wekuyera, mamiriro ekuisa, zvinodiwa zvekururama, uye mitengo inotarisirwa yehupenyu pavanenge vachisarudza michina yekuyedza huwandu hwezvinhu—kusanganisira inline densitometers senge idzo dzakagadzirwa neLonnmeter.
Maitiro Ekusarudza Zvishandiso Zvekuyera Huremu
Kune maitiro anosanganisira kuchera kwezvikafu kana kutarisa huwandu hwemvura muzvicherwa panguva chaiyo, zvinhu zvikuru zvinofungwa nezvazvo ndeizvi:
Nheyo yekuyera: Sarudza zvishandiso zvichibva pane hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwemuenzaniso. Madensitometer eU-tube anotenderera, anotevera ASTM D4052, anopa zviyero zvakanyatsonaka uye zvinodzokororwa, kunyanya zvemahydrocarbon emvura. Mamita eRadiometric (gamma) anopa mhinduro dzakasimba dzemamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya kana kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya anowanikwa mu ethylene cracker furnace outlets uye mamwe ma naphtha process streams, sezvo asingapindi uye asingakanganiswi nemaitiro akawandisa.
Kuenderana kwemuenzaniso: Batanidza zvinhu zvakanyoroveswa nemidziyo yemagetsi—ita shuwa kuti hazvipindi ngura uye kuti zvinoyera kumanikidzwa munzvimbo dzakaoma. Kuisa mukati menzira (munzira yakananga) kwakanakira kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu nguva dzose, nepo nzira dzekubvisa mvura dzichipa zvinodiwa pakuyera mvura yakaoma.
Kururama uye Kuvimbika: Kusarudzwa kwemidziyo kunoenderana nekunyatsojeka kunodiwa. Nzvimbo dzekutamisira zvinhu dzinogona kuda kunyatsojeka kwe±0.001 g/cm³, nepo kutarisa kwakajairika kwemaitiro ezvinwiwa zvakagadzirwa kuchibvumira kutsanangurwa kwakakura.
Zvinodiwa Nezvekuchengetedzwa Kwenzvimbo: Ongorora zviyero zvemuchina kuti ushande kwenguva refu pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakakwira, kupisa kwakasimba, uye makemikari akasimba anowanzoonekwa mumigero yecracker neyerefinery. Midziyo inofanira kutsungirira kusvibiswa uye kuchengetedza kuyera panguva yekuchinja-chinja kwemaitiro.
Kubatanidzwa uye Kuzvigadzira: Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kugonesa kubatanidzwa kwedhijitari kuti pave nekudzora maitiro zvakanaka, kuderedza kupindira nemaoko uye kuderedza zvikanganiso zvemushandisi.
Mazano Ekuisa Kuti Uwane Kuyera Kuwanda Kwezvinhu Zvakarurama
Kuisa zvakanaka kwakakosha pakuyera huwandu hwezvinhu munzvimbo dzakadai sema "high-pressure steam reformers" kana kuti "liquid feed lines" muma "crackers":
Kuiswa uye Kudzidziswa: Madhigirii ekudzivirira kupisa (densitometers) anofanira kuiswa panzvimbo ine mvura yakafanana—dzivisa nzvimbo dzinogona kuvharwa nemhepo kana kuunganidzwa kwematope. Kune mamodheru ari mukati, iva nechokwadi chekuti mapaipi ari kuyerera zvakanaka kumusoro nekuzasi kwemvura kuti aderedze kukanganiswa kwekuyerera kwemvura. Kune vanoisa vakamira, simbisa kuti chinhu che sensor chinoramba chakanyura mumvura nguva dzese.
Kuzviparadzanisa Kwekupisa uye Kwemichina: Dzima pombi kuti uchengetedze tembiricha yemuenzaniso asi usavhara michina yemagetsi kuti usanyanya kupisa. Isa masensa kure nemhepo inopisa kana kudedera, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuyerera kwechiratidzo.
Kubatanidzwa kweSisitimu: Shandisa mapiping tees akarongwa uye zvinotsigira zvakagadzirwa kuti zvikwanise kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha ye cracker furnace recycle lines kana naphtha hydrotreating units. Simbisa kuti kubatana kwese kwemechanical kunoenderana nema site codes ekudzivirira simba uye kudonha kwemvura.
Kuwana Kugadzirisa: Ronga kuisa kwacho nekukwanisa kuongororwa nguva nenguva, kuchenesa, uye kugadzirisa kuti data remuchina rirambe rakasimba mukati menguva yekushanda kwawo.
Kuchengetedza Kushanda Kwenguva Refu
Kuongororwa nguva dzose uye kugadziriswa kwakagadziriswa kunotsigira kururama uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemafuta:
Kuongorora uye Kuchenesa: Gara uchitarisa nzvimbo dze sensor kuti uone kana paine kuunganidzana—kunyanya kunowanikwa nemafuta ane viscous kana chikafu chakatsemuka chakasvibiswa. Chenesa sezvinodiwa kudzivirira kukanganisa pakuyera.
Kuenzanisa: Shandisa mareferensi ekuongorora akasimbiswa kuti ukwanise kuongorora mareferensi aripo kana maviri-point munzvimbo yese yekushanda. Kuenzanisa mareferensi nemaitiro chaiwo ekuongorora mareferensi ndiko kwakanakira mamodheru ari mukati. Nyora zvese zviitiko zvekuongorora mareferensi zvichienderana nemirairo inozivikanwa yepasi rose kuti urambe uchitevera.
Kutarisa Data: Ramba uchitarisa zvinobuda pakuyera kuti uone zviratidzo zvekudonha kwemvura. Shandisa ongororo dziri kuitika kuti uone matambudziko ari kubuda asati akanganisa kudzora mhando kana kuvimbika kwekutumirwa kwemwana.
Kudzidziswa kweVashandi: Iva nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vakadzidziswa mashandiro emidziyo uye maitiro ekukurumidzira, kunyanya pakubata mashandisirwo ane simba guru mu ethylene cracker kana naphtha production units.
Kufunga Nezvekuchengetedza Mumamiriro Ekunze Anopisa/Ane Kumanikidzwa Kwakanyanya
Kuchengetedzeka kwakakosha pakuiswa nekushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu munzvimbo dzakadai semitsetse yekufambisa zvinhu muchoto:
Tsanangudzo Yezvinhu: Sarudza michina ine mwero wekumanikidzwa nekupisa kwakasimbiswa. Shandisa mavharuvhu, maflange, uye ma sensor bodies akasimbiswa anodzivirira kukambaira, ngura, uye kupisa.
Kushanda Kwakasimba: Edza kudonhedza mvura uye tevedzera mitemo yekuvaka inoshanda. Simbisa kuti masisitimu ekugadzirisa tembiricha aripo kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya uye kukuvara kwemidziyo.
Kuzviparadzanisa Nemaitiro & PPE: Shandisa mavharuvhu anodzima otomatiki uye dzivisa kupinda panguva yekugadzirisa. Mirairo yekushandisa michina yekudzivirira uye simbisa mvumo yekupinda nemhepo yakakodzera kana paine hova dzinopisa uye dzine simba.
Kuisa Sensor Positioning: Isa zvishandiso kure nenzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye iva nechokwadi chekuti zvinobuda nekukurumidza. Kana zvichibvira, shandisa nzvimbo iri kure munzvimbo dzakanyanya kuipa, dzakadai sechikamu chinopenya chefurnace ye ethylene cracker.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura hwakarurama, hwakachengeteka, uye hwakavimbika muzvigayo zvemafuta kunoenderana nekusarudza zvishandiso zvakakodzera—zvakaita sezviri kupihwa neLonnmeter—zvakaiswa uye zvinochengetwa zvichienderana netsika dzakanakisa. Kutevedzera misimboti iyi kunoita kuti pave nekudzora kwakakodzera maitiro, mhando yechigadzirwa, uye kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi muzvishandiso zvinonyanya kudiwa.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ungayera sei huwandu hwemvura iri muchoto che ethylene cracker kana kuti naphtha?
Kuwanda kwemvura iri muchoto che ethylene cracker kana panguva yekugadzira naphtha kunogona kuyerwa uchishandisa zvishandiso zvekuyera inline density zvichibva pamisimboti yakaita se vibrational, acoustic, kana pressure-based sensing. Oscillating U-tube densitometers inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakutarisa density panguva chaiyo munzvimbo dzakaoma dzeprocess, ichiyera zvakananga resonant frequency shift inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwe liquid mass. Tuning fork uye acoustic sensors zvinoshanda zvakafanana nekuongorora vibration patterns kuti zvione density. Aya matekinoroji akagadzirirwa kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwe ethylene cracking uye akaiswa inline kuti arambe achitarisa liquid streams, zvichipa mhinduro nekukurumidza yekudzora maitiro. Kubatanidzwa nemaitiro emazuva ano ekudzora kunobatsira kuona kuverenga kwakarurama, kwakagadzikana kunyangwe panguva yekuchinja-chinja kwemaitiro. Semuenzaniso, Lonnmeter inline vibrational density meter inogona kuendesa data rakavimbika kubva ku naphtha feed zvakananga kuimba yekudzora oven.
Ndeipi basa rekuyera huwandu hwevanhu mukuvandudza kugadzirwa kwe ethylene kubva mu naphtha feedstock?
Kuyera huwandu hwezvinhu nenzira chaiyo uye panguva chaiyo ndiko kunokosha pakuvandudza goho re ethylene kubva mu naphtha feedstocks. Kusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinodyiwa kunoratidza kuchinja kwechimiro, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kinetics yekupwanyika, kuoma kwechoto, uye kugoverwa kwechigadzirwa. Maturusi ekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinodyiwa neinline anobvumira vashandi kugadzirisa nekukurumidza maparameter ekushanda akadai sekupisa, mwero wekudya, uye chiyero chemhepo kubva ku hydrocarbon. Kugadzirisa uku kunobatsira kuwedzera kubuda kwe ethylene, kuderedza kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa, uye kudzikamisa maitiro ekurwisa kusiyana kwezvinowanikwa mukudya. Semuenzaniso, kutarisa nguva dzose kunogonesa kuona nekukurumidza chikafu chisina kutsanangurwa izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukushanda kusingakoshi kana kuwedzera kusvibiswa, zvichitsigira kuenderana kwegoho uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa.
Ndedzipi mhando huru dzemidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwevanhu inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri epetrochemical?
Mashandiro ePetrochemical anoshandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuyera density kuti vatarise uye vadzore mashandiro emvura. Ma inline vibrating tube densitometers akajairika, achipa kunyatsojeka uye nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza yakakodzera nzvimbo dzinoshanduka. Acoustic density meters anoshandisa sound velocity uye attenuation measurements, zvichipa simba rakawedzerwa mune mamwe maapplication. Tuning fork devices anoongorora vibration amplitude uye frequency kuti aone density yemvura, nekushanda kwakavimbika munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekupisa nekumanikidzwa. X-ray absorption systems, kunyange zvazvo isingawanzoitiki kune mvura, inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa uko kuyerwa kusingapindiki kunodiwa. Nzira chaiyo inosarudzwa inoenderana nezvinodiwa nemaitiro, chemical compact, uye zvinodiwa zvekubatanidza. Lonnmeter inogadzira inline vibrational densitometers dzakasimba, dzakakodzera zvakanyanya kutarisa density continuously mu ethylene crackers uye naphtha processes.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu kunobatsira sei pakuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirwa kwe naphtha uye kupwanyika kwe ethylene?
Kutarisa huwandu hwezvinhu nguva nenguva kunoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka mukugadzira naphtha uye kugadzirwa kwe ethylene. Kutsauka muhuwandu hwezvinhu panguva nenguva kunoratidza shanduko mukugadzirwa kwazvo, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ekupisa, kukurudzira kuumbwa kwe coke, kana kushandura hunhu hwekuparadzanisa mumidziyo iri pasi pemvura. Ruzivo rwehuwandu hwezvinhu panguva yakakodzera runogonesa masisitimu ekudzora kuti aite nekukurumidza nekugadzirisa ma parameter echoto, kugadzirisa zvinowedzera senge steam, kana kutanga matanho ekugadzirisa kuchengetedza kushanda kwakachengeteka. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekuchinja kwekushanda, zvinoderedza kudzimwa kusina kurongwa, uye zvinowedzera nguva yekushanda pakati penguva dzekugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo kunobatsira kudzivirira kusatsemuka kana kuungana kwe coke mu coil dzechoto - zvese izvi zvinokanganisa goho rezvigadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba - nokudaro zvichitsigira kugadzirwa kunogara kuripo uye kwakanaka.
Chii chinofanira kufungwa nezvacho pakusarudza mudziyo wekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu kuti ushandiswe mukugadzira naphtha kana mukugadzira ethylene cracker furnace?
Kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera chekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mu petrochemical processes kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Chishandiso ichi chinofanira kuchengetedza kururama uye kudzokorora mumamiriro ekushanda anoenderana nemaitiro chaiwo - tembiricha yepamusoro, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye kusangana nemakemikari ane hukasha. Chinofanira kunge chinoenderana nehunhu hwemakemikari e naphtha nezvimwe zvinhu zvekudya, uye kupa kutenderera kwekuyera nekukurumidza kuti chipe data renguva chaiyo. Rudzi rwekuyera runofanira kufukidza kushanduka kwese kwemaitiro kunotarisirwa. Kureruka kwekuisa, kubatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekudzora hwakapararira, uye kugadzirisa kwakananga kwakakosha kuti zvive zvakavimbika kwenguva refu. Inline vibrational densitometers, senge idzo dzinogadzirwa neLonnmeter, dzinozadzisa zvinodiwa izvi nekupa chiyero chakarurama, chinokurumidza, uye chakasimba chehuwandu zvakananga mu process stream, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kushanda uye nyore kubatanidzwa kwemaitiro. Maitiro ekugadzirisa, dziviriro kubva pakusvibiswa, uye kutevedzera nhungamiro dzekuchengetedza maitiro zvinofanirawo kutariswa mu process yekusarudza.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2025
