I. Kushandiswa Kwakanaka Mumaitiro Ekugadzira Wakisi yeParaffin Yakanyungudutswa
1.1 Kutarisa Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi: Chinhu Chinokosha Pakudzora Maitiro
Kugadzirwa kweparafini wakisi kunosanganisira kugadzirisa mamiriro emuviri emusanganiswa wakaoma wezvikamu zvehydrocarbon zvakazara. Dambudziko guru nderekudzora shanduko kubva pamamiriro akanyungudutswa kuenda kumamiriro akaoma, ayo anoratidzwa nekutanga kwekristaro sezvo tembiricha yemvura inodonha pasi penzvimbo yayo yegore. Viscosity inoshanda sechiratidzo chakakosha, chenguva chaiyo chekuchinja uku uye ndiyo nzira yakananga yekuyera mamiriro emvura uye kugadzikana kwayo.
Kutarisa viscosity panguva chaiyo neLonnmeter viscometerinopa mabhenefiti akakosha pane nzira dzechinyakare dzekutora sampuli nemaoko. Kutora sampuli nemaoko kunongopa mufananidzo wenhoroondo wemaitiro acho uye kunounza nguva yakareba yekunonoka, kukanganisa kwevanhu, uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza pakubata nemvura inopisa, ine pressure. Kusiyana neizvi, Lonnmeter viscometer inopa ruzivo rwusingaperi, zvichiita kuti pave nepfungwa yekudzora inoshanda uye yakarurama.
Chikumbiro chikuru ndechekusarudza mhinduro yekupedzisira. Mukuita polymerization kana blending processes, viscometer yemusanganiswa inowedzera sezvo ma molecular chains achikura muhurefu uye cross-link. Nekutarisa viscometer profile munguva chaiyo, Lonnmeter viscometer inogona kuona nguva chaiyo iyo target viscosity inosvikwa, zvichiratidza kuguma kwe reaction. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chinoenderana kubva kune batch kuenda kune batch uye zvakakosha kudzivirira runaway exothermic reactions kana kuomeswa kusingadiwe kwechigadzirwa mukati me reactor.
Uyezve, Lonnmeter viscometer inobatsira zvikuru mukudzora makristaro. Hunhu hwe rheological hwe paraffin yakanyungudutswa hunonyanya kukanganiswa nekupisa. Kuchinja kwekushisa kwe 1°C chete kunogona kuchinja viscosity kusvika ku 10%. Kuti izvi zviitike, Lonnmeter viscometer ine sensor yekupisa yakavakirwa mukati. Ichi chinhu chakakosha zvikuru sezvo ichibvumira system yekudzora kugamuchira viscosity inobhadharwa tembiricha. Sisitimu iyi inogona kusiyanisa pakati pekuchinja kwe viscosity kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kuri nyore kwetembiricha uye shanduko chaiyo mumamiriro emamorekuru eparaffin, senge kuumbwa kwekutanga kwemakristaro ewax. Musiyano uyu wakakosha kuti system yekudzora iite sarudzo dzakangwara, dzakadai sekuchinja mwero wekutonhorera kuti mvura irambe iri pamusoro penzvimbo yayo yegore pasina kukonzera kuomarara uye kuiswa pamadziro epombi.
1.2 Kutarisa Kuwanda Kwemvura Yekubatsira: Kururamisa "Binary Liquid"
Kunyange zvazvo LONNMETER600-4 densimeter ichikwanisa kuyera huwandu hwemvura, kushandiswa kwayo mukugadzirwa kweparafini wax yakanyungudutswa kunonyanya kukosha uye kwakakodzera mune mamwe maitiro ekuwedzera. Chinhu chikuru chekushandiswa uku kwehurongwa ndechekushandiswa kwayo mumamiriro ezvinhu apo huwandu hunopa chiyero chakananga uye chisina kujeka chechinhu chimwe chete chakakosha.
Kusviba kwakanyanya kwe densimeter kwe2000 cP zvinoreva kuti haisi chinhu chakakodzera mutsetse mukuru weparafini une viscosity yakakura, asi muganhu uyu ndiwo chaiwo unoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune dzimwe nzizi dzisina viscosity yakawanda.
Imwe yenzira dzakadaro ndeyekuongorora kuchena kwezvinhu zvakabikwa. Paraffin feed isati yapinda mureactor huru, LONNMETER600-4 inogona kushandiswa kutarisa huwandu hwayo. Kutsauka kubva pakuwanda kunotarisirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa kunoratidza kuvapo kwetsvina kana kusawirirana mune zvekudya, zvichiita kuti mainjiniya ekugadzira zvinhu vatore matanho ekugadzirisa dambudziko risati ragadziriswa.
Kushandiswa kwechipiri, kunoshanda zvikuru kuri mukusanganisa kwekuwedzeraMaitiro eparafini anowanzo da kuiswa mishonga yekuwedzera, yakadai se pour point depressants (PPD) uye viscosity reducers, kudzivirira crystallization uye kuvandudza maitiro ekuyerera kwemvura. Izvi zvinowanzo pihwa mu solvent, zvichigadzira system iri nyore, yakanyatsotsanangurwa ye binary liquid. Muchiitiko ichi, huwandu hwemusanganiswa hunoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwemusanganiswa.LONNMETERmita yekuwanda kwemukatiKunyatsojeka kwe ±0.003 g/cm³ kunobvumira kutarisa kwakarurama uye panguva chaiyo kwehuwandu uhwu. Izvi zvinogonesa system yekudzora otomatiki kudzora kufamba kwechiwedzerwa nekuvimbika kwakanyanya, ichivimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chine hunhu hwemakemikari hunodiwa pasina kutambisa zvinhu zvinodhura. Iyi application yakanangwa inoratidza kunzwisisa kwakaringana kwesimba retekinoroji uye basa rayo sechishandiso chehurongwa hwekudzora mhando munzvimbo yakaoma yekugadzira.
Kugadzirwa kweEmulsions dzeParaffin Wax
IINheyo dzekutanga dzekuyera mvura inoyerera
2.1 Fizikisi yeLonnmeterViscometry Inodedera
Iyo Lonnmeter LONN-ND online viscometer inoshanda pahwaro hwe vibrating viscometry, nzira yakasimba uye yakavimbika yekuongorora mvura panguva chaiyo. Chinhu chikuru chehunyanzvi uhwu chinosanganisira chinhu chakasimba, chakaita setsvimbo chinonzwa chinogadzirwa kuti chitenderere nepakati pemafrequency akatarwa. Kana chinhu ichi chikanyudzwa mumvura, kufamba kwacho kunogadzira simba rekuchekerera panzvimbo yakapoteredza. Kucheka uku kunogadzira kudhonza kwakasimba, uko kunobvisa simba kubva kuchinhu chinodeketera. Hukuru hwekurasikirwa kwesimba iri hunoenderana zvakananga nekusimba kwemvura uye huwandu hwayo.
Sisitimu yeLonnmeter ine circuit yemagetsi yakasarudzika inogara ichitarisa simba rinorasikirwa nemvura. Kuti irambe iine amplitude yekudzungudza nguva dzose, sisitimu iyi inofanira kutsiva kupararira kwesimba iri nekupa simba rakaenzana. Simba rinodiwa kuti rirambe riine amplitude iyi rinoyerwa ne microprocessor, iyo inozoshandura chiratidzo chisina kujeka kuita kuverenga kwe viscosity. Hukama hwacho huri nyore mubhuku rekushandisa se μ=λδ, uko μ iri viscosity yemvura, λ idimensional instrument coefficient isina dimension inobva pakugadziriswa, uye δ inomiririra vibration decay coefficient. Zvisinei, fomura iyi inomiririra modhi yakapfava. Kugona kwechokwadi kwechishandiso uye kururama, kwakatsanangurwa pa ±2% kusvika ±5%, kunobva muma algorithms ayo ekugadzirisa masaini emukati uye curve yakaoma, isina linear calibration. Iyi advanced signal processing inobvumira mudziyo kupa zviyero zvakarurama kunyangwe kune vasiri Newtonian fluids, iyo inoratidza shanduko ye viscosity zvichienderana ne shear rate. Kureruka kwedhizaini iyi—kushaya zvikamu zvinofamba, zvisimbiso, kana mabheringi—zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzine tembiricha yakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwakakwira, uye mukana wekuti mvura iome kana kuti igare isina tsvina.
1.2 Nheyo Inobatsira Yekugadzirisa Fork Densitometry:LONNMETER600-4
Densimeter yeLONNMETER inoshandisa musimboti wekuti "vibrating tuning fork" kuti ione huwandu hwemvura. Mudziyo uyu une chinhu che "tuning fork" chine mativi maviri chinofambiswa ne "resonance" ne "piezoelectric crystal". Kana "tuning fork" ikadedera mu "vacuum" kana mumhepo, inoita izvozvo pa "natural resonant frequency" yayo. Zvisinei, kana ikanyudzwa mumvura, "environment medium" inoisa imwe "mass" mu "system". Chiitiko ichi, chinozivikanwa se "added mass", chinokonzera kudzikira kwe "resonant frequency" ye "fork". Kuchinja kwe "frequency" ibasa rakananga re "density" yemvura yakakomberedza forok.
Sisitimu yeLonnmeter inoyera chaizvo kuchinja kwema frequency uku, iyo inobva yabatanidzwa nehuremu hwemvura kuburikidza nehukama hwakagadziriswa. Kugona kwesensa kupa chiyero chakarurama, nekunyatsojeka kwe ±0.003 g/cm³, mhedzisiro yakananga yekuona uku kwe resonant frequency. Kunyange zvazvo musimboti wefizikisi ye tuning fork densimeters uchibvumira kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuyera huremu hwe slurries nemagasi, mubvunzo wemushandisi unoratidza kushandiswa kwakananga kwesisitimu ye "binary liquid chete". Kupesana uku kuri pachena pakati pekugona kwetekinoroji uye kushandiswa kwayo kwakakosha kufunga. Tuning fork densimeter haina kugumira pa binary liquids. Asi, kushanda kwayo mumaitiro akaomarara, ane zvikamu zvakawanda senge melt paraffin wax yakagadzirwa zvakanaka kana single density value inogona kuwiriraniswa zvakavimbika ne single, critical process variable. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mu binary system yakapfava apo density inoshanda seproxy ye concentration. Kune musanganiswa wehydrocarbon wakaomarara separafini yakanyungudutswa, kuverenga kwehuremu humwe chete hakuna basa rakawanda, zvichiita kuti Lonnmeter LONN-ND viscometer ive chishandiso chakakodzera process stream huru. Kusiyana neizvi, densimeter inowana kukosha kwayo kwepamusoro-soro uye kwakakodzera muassistant, streams dzisina kuoma.
1.3 Magadzirirwo eChishandiso uye Maparamita Ekushanda: Ongororo Yekuenzanisa
Kuenzanisa kwakazara kweLonnmeter LONN-ND viscometer neLONN600-4 densimeter kunoratidza mashandiro avo akasiyana uye kunoratidza mabasa avo anoenderana munzvimbo yakaoma yekugadzira. Tafura inotevera inobatanidza hunyanzvi hwakakosha, ichitora kubva mumagwaro akapihwa.
| Paramita | Viscometer LONN-ND | Densimeter LONN600-4 |
| Nheyo yekuyera | Tsvimbo Inodedera (Kudonhedza Kunokonzereswa neShear) | Kugadzirisa Fork Resonance |
| Kuyera Range | 1-1,000,000 cP | 0-2 g/cm³ |
| Kururama | ±2% kusvika ±5% | ±0.003 g/cm³ |
| Kusviba Kwakanyanya | N/A (Inobata viscosity yakanyanya) | <2000 cP |
| Tembiricha Inoshanda | 0-120°C (Yakajairika) / 130-350°C (Kupisa Kwakanyanya) | -10-120°C |
| Kumanikidzwa Kwekushanda | <4.0 MPa | <1.0 MPa |
| Zvinhu Zvakanyoroveswa | 316, Teflon, Hastelloy | 316, Teflon, Hastelloy |
| Chiratidzo Chekubuda | 4-20mADC, RS485 Modbus RTU | 4-20mADC |
| Chiyero Chinodzivirira Kuputika | Ex dIIBT6 | Ex dIIBT6 |
Data riri pamusoro apa rinoratidza musiyano wakakosha wehunyanzvi unoratidza mashandisirwo ehurongwa hwechishandiso chega chega. Kugona kweLONN-ND viscometer kushanda pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kubata viscosities yakanyanya kunoita kuti ive sarudzo chaiyo yemutsara mukuru weparaffin wax yakanyungudutswa. Ruzivo urwu rwehunyanzvi runosimbisa sarudzo yehurongwa yekuisa densimeter chete munzizi dzekubatsira, dzakaderera.
III. Kubatanidzwa Kwakatsetseka neMasisitimu Ekudzora Maindasitiri
3.1 Nzvimbo dzeData dzeLonnmeter: 4-20mA uye RS485 Modbus
Kubatanidzwa kwezvishandiso zveLonnmeter muhurongwa hwemazuva ano hwekudzora maindasitiri idanho rakakosha mukubudirira kwehurongwa hwekushandisa otomatiki.MITA-ND viscometer uye LONNMITA600-4 densimeter inopa nzira mbiri huru dzekutaurirana data: nzira yechinyakare ye4-20mADC analog output uye nzira yepamusoro yeRS485 digital Modbus RTU protocol.
Chiratidzo che4-20mADC imhando yakasimba uye inonzwisiswa zvakanaka muindasitiri. Chakanakira kubatana zvakananga nePID controller kana PLC's analog input module. Muganho wayo mukuru ndewekuti inogona kungotumira kukosha kwemaitiro rimwe chete, senge viscosity kana density, panguva imwe chete. Kureruka uku kwakanakira marobho ekudzora ari nyore asi kunoderedza kupfuma kwedata.
Iyo RS485 Modbus RTU interface inopa mhinduro yakazara. Mabhuku eLonnmeter anotsanangura iyo Modbus protocol. Iyi protocol yedhijitari inobvumira chishandiso chimwe chete kupa data points dzakawanda panguva imwe chete, senge kuverenga tembiricha inobhadharwa uye tembiricha yemvura, kubva pamudziyo mumwe chete.
3.2 Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekubatanidza DCS, SCADA, uye MES
Kubatanidza zvishandiso zveLonnmeter muhurongwa hwekudzora hwakagoverwa (DCS), kutonga kwekutarisira nekuwana data (SCADA), kana hurongwa hwekuita manufacturing execution (MES) kunoda nzira yakarongeka, ine zvikamu zvakawanda.
Dura reHardware:Kubatana kwechinhu kunofanira kunge kwakasimba uye kwakachengeteka. Mabhuku eLonnmeter anokurudzira kushandisa tambo dzakadzivirirwa uye kuona kuti pasi rakakodzera kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemasaini, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pedyo nemamota ane simba guru kana mafrequency converters.
Rutivi rweLogic:MuPLC kana DCS, data re raw sensor rinofanira kurongwa kuti rigadzirise mavariables. Kuti uwane chiratidzo che 4-20mA, izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera analog input kuenda kumayuniti einjiniya akakodzera. Kune Modbus, zvinoda kugadzirisa serial communication module yePLC kuti itumire ma function code akakodzera kune ma register address akatarwa, kutora data raw, uye wozoishandura kuita floating-point format chaiyo. Iri layer rine basa rekusimbisa data, kuona kunze, uye basic control logic.
Rutivi rwekuona:Sisitimu yeSCADA kana MES inoshanda senzira yekubatanidza mashandisirwo emunhu nemuchina (HMI), ichipa vashandisi ruzivo rwakakosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira masikirini anoratidza data re sensor renguva chaiyo, data renhoroondo rinokurumidza kufambiswa, uye kugadzirisa maaramu ematanho akakosha ekuita zvinhu. Data renguva chaiyo kubva kumidziyo yeLonnmeter inoshandura maonero emushandisi kubva pamaonero ekare, ekare kuenda kune ekare, enguva chaiyo, zvichivabatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo rwakawanda uye kupindura kumatambudziko ekuita zvinhu nekukurumidza.
Dambudziko guru mukubatanidzwa nderekutiruzha rwemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kusimba kwechiratidzo. Bhuku reLonnmeter rinonyevera zvakajeka nezveizvi uye rinokurudzira kushandisa tambo dzakadzivirirwa. Rimwe dambudziko nderekuti
kunonoka kwedatamuma network akaomarara eModbus. Kunyange hazvo nguva yekupindura yeLonnmeter ichikurumidza, traffic yenetwork inogona kukonzera kunonoka. Kuisa pamberi mapaketi edata akakosha panetwork kunogona kuderedza dambudziko iri uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti marobhoti ekudzora anotora data nekukurumidza.
3.3 Kuvimbika kweData uye Kuwanikwa Kwenguva Chaiyo
Kukosha kwetekinoroji yeLonnmeter yekutarisa online kwakabatana nekuvimbika uye kuwanikwa kwedata rayo. Kutora sampuli nemaoko kunongopa chete mifananidzo yenhoroondo isingachinji yemamiriro ekuita. Kunonoka kwenguva uku kunoita kuti zvisave nyore kudzora maitiro anochinja-chinja nemazvo uye kazhinji kunotungamira kumhando yezvigadzirwa isingachinji, mhedzisiro yekusaita zvakanaka, uye kusashanda zvakanaka.
Kusiyana neizvi, kugona kweLonnmeter viscometer kupa data rinoenderera mberi, real-time stream kunoshandura nzira yekudzora kubva pakuita reactive kuenda pakuita proactive. Nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza kwechishandiso ichi inobvumira kuti itore shanduko dzinoshanduka muzvinhu zvinoyerera sezvazvinoitika. Iyi "firimu" inoenderera mberi yemamiriro ekushanda, pane kutevedzana kwe "mifananidzo" isina kubatana, ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinodiwa pakushandisa nzira dzepamusoro dzekudzora. Pasina iyi data ine kuvimbika kwakanyanya, yakaderera-latency, pfungwa dzakadai sepredictive control kana PID autotuning hazvigoneke. Saka, Lonnmeter system haingoshandi semudziyo wekuyera chete asi semupi wedata akakosha anosimudzira maitiro ese ekugadzira kusvika padanho idzva re automation uye control.
IV. Kushandisa Data Renguva Yechokwadi Kuti Ukwanise Kudzora Maitiro Epamusoro
4.1 Kugadzirisa PID Control neData Renguva Yechokwadi
Kushandiswa kwedata reLonnmeter real-time density uye viscosity kunogona kugadzirisa zvakanyanya conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loops. PID controllers chinhu chikuru mu industrial automation, ichishanda nekuverenga nguva dzose error value semusiyano uripo pakati pe setpoint inodiwa uye measured process variable. Controller inoshandisa kugadzirisa zvichibva pa proportional, integral, uye derivative terms kuderedza kukanganisa uku.
Nekupenya kwemvura panguva chaiyo senzira huru yekupa mhinduro, PID loop inogona kunyatso gadzirisa mwero wekutonhora muparafini yakanyungudutswa. Sezvo mvura inotanga kutonhora uye kupenya kwayo kuchiwedzera, mutariri anogona kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura inotonhorera kuti ichengetedze kupenya kwemvura panguva yakatarwa, nokudaro achidzivirira kupenya kwemvura uye kuoma kwemvura mumapaipi.7Saizvozvowo, mukuita kwekubatanidza zvinhu, PID loop inogona kushandisa data renguva chaiyo kudzora mwero wekuyerera kwechinhu chinowedzerwa, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwacho huve hwakarurama uye hunogara huripo.
Chikumbiro chepamusoro chinosanganisiraKugadzirisa otomatiki kwePID. Kuyerera kwedata kweLonnmeter kunogonesa controller kuti iite self-calibration, kana kuti step test, pakuita. Nekuita shanduko diki, inodzorwa kune output (semuenzaniso, kuyerera kwemvura inotonhodza) uye kuongorora mhinduro yemaitiro (semuenzaniso, shanduko mu viscosity uye kunonoka kwenguva), PID autotuner inogona kuverenga otomatiki P, I, uye D gains yepamusoro yemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo emaitiro. Kugona uku kunobvisa kudiwa kwekugadzirisa nemaoko, kunotora nguva, zvichiita kuti control loop ive yakasimba uye inogamuchira kukanganiswa kwemaitiro.
4.2 Kudzora Kwekufanotaura uye Kuchinjika Kwekugadzirisa Maitiro
Kunze kwekudzora PID isingagadziriswe, data renguva chaiyo uye re viscosity rinogona kushandiswa kushandisa nzira dzakaoma dzekudzora, dzakadai sekudzora kunochinjika uye kufembera.
Kudzora kunochinjikainzira yekudzora inochinja maparamita emutongi (semuenzaniso, PID gains) munguva chaiyo kuti itsigire shanduko mumaitiro ekushanda. Mukuita kweparafini yakanyungudutswa, hunhu hwe rheological hwemvura hunochinja zvakanyanya nekupisa, chimiro, uye shear rate. Adaptive controller, inopihwa nedata rinoramba richienderera mberi reLonnmeter, inogona kuona shanduko idzi uye kugadzirisa otomatiki kufambira kwayo kuti irambe yakagadzikana mubatch yese, kubva pakupisa kwekutanga, kusviba kwakaderera kusvika kuchinhu chekupedzisira chakatonhorera, chine viscosity yakawanda.
Kudzora Kufanotaura Kwemuenzaniso (MPC)inomiririra shanduko kubva pakudzora zvinhu kuenda pakudzora zvinhu zvinokurumidza kuitika. Sisitimu yeMPC inoshandisa modhi yemasvomhu yemaitiro acho kufanotaura maitiro eramangwana esisitimu pamusoro pe "horizon yekufanotaura". Ichishandisa data renguva chaiyo kubva kuLonnmeter viscometer uye densimeter (viscosity, tembiricha, uye density), MPC inogona kufanotaura mhedzisiro yezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzora. Semuenzaniso, inogona kufanotaura kutanga kwekristaro zvichibva padanho rekutonhodza uye mafambiro ezvino ekupenya. Mutongi anogona kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sekuyerera kwemvura inotonhodza, tembiricha yejaketi, uye kumhanya kweagitator, kuchengetedza curve chaiyo yekutonhodza, nokudaro ichidzivirira kuoma kwechigadzirwa kana kuve nechokwadi chekuti chimiro chekristaro chakati muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Izvi zvinoshandura paradigm yekudzora kubva pakupindura kune zvinokanganisa kusvika pakutarisira nekuzvigadzirisa.
4.3 Kugadzirisa Kunofambiswa Nedata
Kukosha kwedata reLonnmeter rinobuda panguva chaiyo kunopfuura kushandiswa kwaro ipapo ipapo muzvidzoro zvekudzora. Data iri remhando yepamusoro, rinoenderera mberi rinogona kuunganidzwa nekuongororwa munhoroondo kuti rinzwisise zvakadzama mashandiro emaitiro uye kuvhura mikana yekugadzirisa data.
Ruzivo rwakabatanidzwa runogona kushandiswa kudzidzisamienzaniso yekudzidza kwemuchinakuti zviitike. Modhi inogona kudzidziswa nezve viscosity yekare uye data retembiricha kuti ifanotaura mhando yekupedzisira yebatch, zvichideredza kuvimba nekutarisa mhando kunodhura uye kunotora nguva mushure mekugadzirwa. Saizvozvowo, modhi yekugadzirisa zvinofanotaura inogona kuvakwa nekubatanidza mafambiro e data re sensor nekushanda kwemidziyo. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma asi kunoramba kuripo kwe viscosity pane imwe nguva mukuita kunogona kuva chiratidzo chikuru chepombi yava kuda kukundikana, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza usati wadzima zvinodhura.
Uyezve, ongororo inotungamirirwa nedata inogona kutungamira mukuvandudzwa kukuru mukushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu. Nekuongorora data kubva mumapoka akasiyana-siyana, mainjiniya ekugadzirisa anogona kuona hukama husina kusimba pakati pemaparamita ekudzora uye hunhu hwekupedzisira hwechigadzirwa. Izvi zvinovabvumira kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakatarwa uye kugadzirisa dosage yekuwedzera, kuderedza marara nekushandiswa kwesimba uku vachiona kuti chigadzirwa chine mhando yakafanana.
V. Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekuisa, Kugadzirisa, uye Kugadzirisa Kwenguva Refu
5.1 Maitiro Ekuisa Akasimba Munzvimbo Dzinonetsa
Kuisa zvakanaka zvishandiso zveLonnmeter kwakakosha pakuona kuti zviyero zvakarurama uye zvakavimbika munzvimbo yakaoma yeparafini yakanyungudutswa. Katsika kemvura iyi yekuoma uye kunamira pamusoro penzvimbo dziri pasi pegore rayo inoda nzira yekuchenjerera.
Chinhu chakakosha kufunga nezvacho nezve LONN-ND viscometer ndechekuona kuti chinhu chinoshanda chinonzwa chinoramba chakanyudzwa zvizere mumvura yakanyungudutswa nguva dzese. Kune ma reactor nemidziyo mikuru, sarudzo dzeLonnmeter dzakatambanudzwa, dzinotangira pa550mm kusvika 2000mm, dzakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa izvi, zvichibvumira kuti muromo we sensor uiswe mukati memvura, kure nemazinga emvura anochinja-chinja. Nzvimbo yekuisa inofanira kunge iri nzvimbo ine mvura inoyerera zvakaenzana, kudzivirira nzvimbo dzisingamire kana nzvimbo dzinogona kuvharwa nemabubble emhepo, sezvo mamiriro aya anogona kutungamira mukuverenga kusina kururama. Pakuisa mapaipi, kurongwa kwepombi yakatwasuka kana yakatwasuka kunokurudzirwa, ne sensor probe yakaiswa kuti iongorore kuyerera kwemvura yepakati pane mvura inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma pamadziro epaipi.
Pamidziyo yese iri miviri, kushandisa nzira dzinokurudzirwa dzekuisa flange (DN50 kana DN80) kunoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakachengeteka, kunodzivirira kumanikidzwa kumidziyo inogadzirwa nemapaipi.
5.2 Matekiniki Ekugadzirisa Nekunyatsonaka EmaViscometers neDensitometers
Pasinei nekugadzirwa kwadzo kwakasimba, kururama kwezvishandiso zvese izvi kunoenderana nekuongororwa kwakajairika uye kwakarurama.
IyoviscometerMaitiro ekugadzirisa, sezvakatsanangurwa mubhuku rekushandisa, anosanganisira kushandisa mafuta esilicone akajairwa senzira yekutarisa. Maitiro acho ndeekuti:
Kugadzirira:Sarudza chiyero che viscosity chakabvumidzwa chinomiririra huwandu hwe viscosity hunotarisirwa hwemvura.
Kudzora Kupisa:Iva nechokwadi chekuti mvura yakajairika nesensa zviri patembiricha yakagadzikana uye inodzorwa nemazvo. Tembiricha ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti thermal ive yakasimba, saka kuenzana kwethermal kwakakosha.
Kugadzikana:Rega kuverenga kwechishandiso kugadzikane kwenguva yakati rebei, uchiita shuwa kuti hachisi kuchinja-chinja kupfuura zvikamu gumi zvegumi zveyuniti, usati waenderera mberi.
Kusimbiswa:Enzanisa kuverenga kwechishandiso nemutengo wakasimbiswa wemvura yakajairika uye gadzirisa magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa sezvinodiwa.
Kunedensimita, bhuku rinopa nzira iri nyore yekuongorora mvura yakachena. Kunyange zvazvo iyi iri nzira iri nyore yekuongorora panzvimbo yacho, pamashandisirwo akanyatsojeka, kuongorora nzvimbo dzakawanda uchishandisa zvinhu zvakabvumidzwa zvine huwandu hwakakura hunoenderana nedanho rekushanda rinotarisirwa inzira yakasimba.
Munzvimbo ine wakisi yeparafini yakanyungudutswa, kuungana kwewakisi pamusoro pesensa kunogona kuwedzera huremu uye kuchinja hunhu hwekudengenyeka, zvichikonzera kuyerera zvishoma nezvishoma mukuyera kwakarurama. Izvi zvinoda kuongororwa kakawanda kwekuongorora pane munzvimbo isina kusvibisa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti data rakachengetedzwa kwenguva refu.
5.3 Kuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Ehupenyu Hurefu
Dhizaini yeLonnmeter, isina zvikamu zvinofamba, zvisimbiso, kana mabheringi, inoderedza kugadziriswa kwemakanika. Zvisinei, matambudziko akasiyana anokonzerwa neparafini wax yakanyungudutswa anoda nzira yakatsaurirwa yekuchengetedza.
Kuongorora Nekuchenesa Nguva Dzose:Basa guru rekugadzirisa nderekuongorora nekucheneswa kwesensor probe nguva dzose kuti pabviswe chero paraffin wax yakaungana. Kuunganidzwa kwewax kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kudedera kwesensor, zvichikonzera kuverenga kusina kururama kana kuti kutadza kushanda kwesensor. Nzira yekuchenesa inofanira kugadzirwa uye kutevedzerwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti pamusoro pesensor hapana zvasara.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko:Mabhuku ekushandisa anopa gwara panyaya dzinozivikanwa. Kana mudziyo usina kuratidzwa kana kubuda, matanho ekutanga ekugadzirisa matambudziko ndeekutarisa magetsi, waya, uye chero mashort circuits. Kana kuverenga kwemagetsi kusina kugadzikana kana kutsauka zvakanyanya, zvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera zvinosanganisira kuwanda kwewakisi paprobe, kuvapo kwemabubbles makuru emhepo mumvura, kana kudedera kwekunze kunokanganisa sensor. Rogi rekuchengetedza rakanyorwa zvakanaka, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwese, mabasa ekuchenesa, uye zvinyorwa zvekugadzirisa, zvakakosha pakutevera mashandiro emudziyo uye kuona kuti zvinoenderana nemitemo yemhando yepamusoro. Nekutora nzira yekugadzirisa nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo enzvimbo yeparafini yakanyungudutswa, zvishandiso zveLonnmeter zvinogona kupa data rakavimbika uye rakarurama kwemakore ekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-22-2025
