Iyomaitiro ekutsvaira dehweInoshandura matehwe emhuka asina kubikwa kuita dehwe rakasimba, rinochinjika, hunyanzvi hwakagadziriswa kwemazana emakore asi huchiramba huchichinja netekinoroji yemazuva ano. Chinhu chakakosha pakuita izvi, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwakawanda kwedehwe.maitiro ekuchenesa dehwe ne chromium, ndiko kutarisirwa kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwemakemikari, akadai sesodium sulfate, kuve nechokwadi chekuti dehwe rakanaka uye kuti zvinhu zviri kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Kusawirirana muhuwandu uhwu kunogona kukanganisa hunhu hweganda uye kuwedzera mitengo yekugadzira, nepo nzira dzechinyakare dzekutarisa dzinowanzo kundikana kugadzirisa matambudziko emidziyo inoparadza uye zvinodiwa panguva chaiyo. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora basa guru rekuwanda kwe sodium sulfatemukushandiswa kwe chrome tanning, kuomarara kwemaitiro acho, miganhu yekutarisa kwakajairika, uye mabhenefiti ekuchinja kwemamita epamusoro ekuyera mukati, akadai seLonnmeter, mukuwana kurongeka uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Kuwanda kweChrome: Dombo reKona reHunhu hweDehwe
Chromium, inonyanya kushandiswa muchimiro che chromium sulfate (BCS), ndiyo musimboti wekugadzirwa kweganda kwemazuva ano, ichikonzera 80-90% yekugadzirwa kweganda pasi rose nekuda kwekukwanisa kwayo kugadzira ganda rine kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwemvura inopisa, kuchinjika, uye hunhu hwekudhaya. Kuwanda kwechromium mudoro rekugadzira ganda kunokanganisa zvakananga tembiricha yekuderera kweganda (Ts), simba rekudhonza, uye kupfava. Semuenzaniso, tsvakiridzo inoratidza kuti kuwedzera kwe10.8% muhuwandu hweCr₂O₃ muganda kunogona kuwedzera kupararira kwecollagen fiber uye hunhu hwemakanika. Zvisinei, kushanda kwe chromium fixation kunoenderana nemakemikari anotsigira, kunyanyasodium sulfate, iyo inosimbisa pH yebhavhu rekugezesa tanning uye inobatsira kupinda kwechromium.kuwanda kwe sodium sulfatezvinogona kukanganisa kuenzana uku kwakasimba, zvichikonzera kusviba kusina kuenzana, kutorwa kwechromium isina kunaka, uye kunaka kweganda kwakaderera. Saka kuchengetedza huwandu hwakanaka hweganda hakusi kungodiwa chete asi chinhu chakakosha pakugara kwenguva refu kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira uye runako rwacho.
IyoMaitiro Ekuchenesa Dehwe
Iyomaitiro ekutsvaira dehweinzira yakaoma yematanho emakemikari nemakemikari akagadzirirwa kushandura matehwe anoora kuita ganda rakagadzikana uye rinoshanduka-shanduka. Inotanga nemabasa ekuchengetedza ganda—kupodza, kunyorova, kuisa lime, kubvisa bvudzi, kuisa ganda munyama, kubvisa ganda muganda, uye kurinatsa—kugadzirira ganda kuti richeneswe nekubvisa bvudzi, mafuta, nemapuroteni uku uchigadzirisa pH yaro. Danho rekuchenesa ganda rinotevera, apo collagen fibers yeganda inogadziriswa nemakemikari kuti iwedzere kugara kwenguva refu uye kuramba kuora. Maitiro ekuchenesa ganda mushure mekuchenesa ganda, anosanganisira kuchenesa ganda, kudhaya, uye kuisa mafuta muganda, anovandudza chitarisiko cheganda uye magadzirirwo aro. Pakati penzira dzekuchenesa ganda,maitiro ekuchenesa dehwe ne chromiumInokunda nekuda kwekumhanya kwayo uye kugona kwayo kugadzira dehwe rinotambanudzwa uye remhando yepamusoro rakakodzera kushandiswa senge mabhegi emumaoko, mbatya, uye fenicha.
Pfupiso yeMaitiro Ekuchenesa Dehwe reChromium
Iyomaitiro ekuchenesa dehwe ne chromiuminzira iri nyore uye inoshanda, inowanzo pedza kutsvaira mukati mezuva rimwe chete, musiyano mukuru nemavhiki kana mwedzi inodiwa pakutsvaira miriwo. Inosanganisira matanho akakosha akati wandei:
- Kunyikisa uye Kuisa Lime: Matehwe anonyikwa mumvura kuti adzorere mvura uye abvise munyu kubva pakuoma, zvichiteverwa nekuiswa lime necalcium hydroxide uye sodium sulfide kuti bvudzi risunungurwe uye kugadzirira collagen matrix.
- Kusvuta: Matehwe anonyudzwa mumushonga une acidic une sodium chloride (6-8% nehuremu) uye sulfuric kana formic acid kuderedza pH kusvika 2.5-3.0, zvichidzivirira collagen kubva mukuzvimba kweacid uye zvichiita kuti chromium ipinde.
- Kuchenesa ganda: Inonzi basic chromium sulfate (6-8% nehukuru hweganda, ine ~25% Cr₂O₃) inopinzwa, ichipinda muganda kuti igadzire macomplexes ane collagen. pH inozowedzerwa kusvika pa3.8-4.0 uchishandisa sodium bicarbonate muchikamu chebasification kukurudzira cross-linking, zvichikonzera ganda re "wet blue" rinoratidzwa neruvara rwaro rwegrey-blue.
- Mushure meKutsvuka Kweganda: Kuisa ganda patsva, kudhaya, uye kuisa mafuta mumafuta zvinovandudza hunhu hweganda, nesodium sulfatekuita basa rakakosha mukudzikamisa mhinduro uye kubatsira kugadzirisa ganda.
Sodium Sulfatemukurapa mushure mekutsva kweganda
Sodium sulfateZvakakosha pakutsvaira ganda mushure mekutsvaira ganda, kunyanya pakubvisa munyu uye kugadzirisa ganda, zvichiita kuti ganda rirambe rakanaka uye kuti nharaunda itevedzere zvinodiwa.
- Maitiro Ekubvisa Munyu: Kuwanda kwemunyu kubva mukubika, kunyanya sodium chloride, kunobatsira mukuwedzera kwemafuta akanyungudutswa (TDS) mutsvina, zvichikonzera matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.Sodium sulfateinoshandiswa mukubvisa munyu kuderedza huwandu hwechloride, ichitsiva kusvika 80% yesodium chloride mune mamwe maitiro. Kutsiva uku kunoderedza TDS, neongororo dzichiratidza kudzikira kusvika 97% mumaitiro ekupisa ganda ane hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza, zvichideredza munyu wemvura yakasviba inoburitswa mutsvina yeveruzhinji.
- Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Mumiriri weTanning:Sodium sulfateinodzikamisa pH yebhavhu rekugezesa ganda uye inowedzera kutorwa kwechromium nekuderedza mashandiro ecollagen nechromium complexes. Inodzivirira kupiswa kweganda nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti ripinde zvakaenzana. Semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza nguva dzosekuwanda kwe sodium sulfateinogona kuvandudza kutorwa kwe chrome ne28.5%, ichideredza chromium yakasara mumatsvina kubva pa2000-5000 mg/L kusvika pasi pe300 mg/L, zvichienderana nemitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza.
Mhedzisiro yeKutsauka Kwekutarisisa paMaitiro neHunhu
Kutsauka mukuwanda kwe sodium sulfatezvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanyamaitiro ekutsvaira dehweuye chigadzirwa chinobuda. Kuwanda kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera munyu wakawandisa, zvichikonzera kuzvimba kwecollagen, tsanga dzakakora, uye kudzikira kwekupfava, nepo kusakwana kwehuwandu kunogona kukonzera kusakwana kwechromium, zvichikonzera kutsvuka kusina kuenzana uye ganda risina simba. Kusawirirana kwakadaro kunowedzera mwero wekuderera kwehuwandu - zvidzidzo zvinoshuma kukwira kubva pa1.3% kusvika ku5.2% kana munyu usingashandiswi zvakanaka - uye zvinokwidza huwandu hwechromium inobuda mutsvina, zvichiwedzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Uyezve, TDS yakakwira kubva mukubvisa munyu zvisina kunaka inokanganisa masisitimu ekurapa mvura yakasviba, zvichiwedzera mari yekushanda. Zvakanyatsojekakutarisa huwandu hwemhinduro yekuchenesa gandaSaka zvakakosha kuchengetedza hunhu hweganda uye kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, yakadai semuganho we 20 mg/L we chromium yekubuda kwetsvina.
Matambudziko muKutarisa Kuwanda Kwemhinduro Yekutsvukisa Tanning
Kutarisakuwanda kwe sodium sulfatemumaitiro ekuchenesa dehwe ne chromiumine zvipingamupinyi zvakakura nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara uye zvipingamupinyi zvenzira dzechinyakare.
- Zvipingamupinyi muKuyera Kwetsika: Nzira dzechinyakare, dzakadai sekuongorora titration kana gravimetric, dzinoda basa guru, dzinotora nguva, uye dzinowanzo kanganisa vanhu. Nzira idzi dzisingashandiswe nemakombiyuta dzinoda sampuli uye ongororo yerabhoritari, kunonoka kugadzirisa maitiro uye kuisa panjodzi pakutsauka kwemhando.
- Midhiya Inoparadza: Zvinwiwa zvinonyungudutsa muganda, zvine pH yakaderera (2.5-4.0) uye huwandu hwakawanda hweasidhi, munyu, uye chromium, zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya, zvichikuvadza masensa echinyakare uye zvinoda kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa nguva nenguva.
- Zvinodiwa Kuti Urambe Uchitarisa: Hunhu hwekushanduka kweganda hunoda data renguva chaiyo kuti rigadzirise zvinopinda mumakemikari nekukasika. Kutora sampuli yeboka hakukwanise kubata shanduko dzinokurumidza mukuwanda kwe sodium sulfate, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kweganda nguva nenguva uye kuwedzera kwemarara.
- Kuenzanisa uye Kururama: Zvishandiso zvechinyakare zvinowanzoomerwa nekuongorora kana paine ma ions akawanda, zvichikonzera kuverenga kusina kururama uye kudzora maitiro asina kuvimbika.
- Kutevedzera Mitemo YezvakatipoteredzaMitemo yakasimba, yakadai seiyo inoderedza TDS ne chromium mumatsvina, inoda kutariswa kwakanyatsonaka kudzivirira faindi dzinodhura uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro anogara kwenguva refu.
Meter yeLonnmeter Yepamusoro Yekuyera
Lonnmetermita yekuyera huwandu hwemakemikariinomiririra budiriro mukutarisa huwandu hwemhinduro yekuchenesa ganda, yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko emidziyo inoparadza uye kutarisa nguva dzose. Mudziyo uyu wepamusoro unoshandisa tekinoroji yakasimba ye sensor, inodzivirira nharaunda dzine acidic nemunyu, kupa zviyero zvakarurama zvekuwanda kwe sodium sulfateKusiyana nenzira dzechinyakare, Lonnmeter inobatanidzwa zvakanaka mumadhiramu ekupisa ganda, ichipa data rinogara richishandiswa pasina chikonzero chekutora sampuro nemaoko. Masensa ayo akanyatsogadzirwa anovimbisa kuyera kwakavimbika, kunyangwe muzvinwiwa zvakaoma, nepo dhizaini yayo yakasimba ichideredza kugadziriswa, kuderedza nguva yekushanda uye mari. Nekugonesa kudzora kwakaringana kwemakemikari anopinda, Lonnmeter inowedzera kutorwa kwechromium, inoderedza tsvina yetsvina, uye inotsigira kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza.
Mabhenefiti ekuyera kuyera kwemukati
Kushandisa nzira yekuyera huwandu hwemukati uchishandisa maturusi akaita seLonnmeter kunoshanduramaitiro ekutsvaira dehwenekupa:
- Kubudirira Kwakawedzerwa Kwemaitiro: Kutarisa panguva chaiyo kunobvumira kugadziriswa nekukasika, kuderedza marara emakemikari uye kugadzirisa nguva yekutsvuka kweganda. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti masisitimu ari mukati memutsara anogona kupfupisa nguva yekutsvuka kweganda kusvika pachikamu chimwe muzvitatu ukuwo achivandudza kutorwa kwechrome ne13.8-28.5%.
- Hunhu Hwakanaka hweDehwe: Kuenderanakuwanda kwe sodium sulfateinoita kuti chromium ipinde zvakaenzana, ichisimudzira simba rekusimba kweganda, kuramba kubvaruka, uye kupfava, nekuderera kweganda kusvika pa1.3%.
- Kuchengetedza Zvakatipoteredza: Nekuderedza chromium yakasara neTDS mumatsvina, kutarisa mukati kunotsigira kupiswa kweganda kusingakuvadzi nharaunda, kuderedza BOD, COD, neTDS kusvika ku88%, 89%, uye 97%, zvichiteerana, mumabasa epamusoro.
- Kuchengetedza Mari: Kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwemakemikari, mitengo yakaderera yekuchenesa tsvina, uye kuderera kwemari yekugadzirisa zvinovandudza purofiti yekushanda.
- Kutevedzera Mutemo: Kudzora kwakarurama kunoenderana nemitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira zvirango uye kutsigira kugadzirwa kweganda kwenguva refu.
- Kugadzira Sarudzo Dzinotungamirirwa neData: Kuenderera mberi kwedata rinopa mukana wekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinofanotaura uye kugadzirisa mashandiro azvo, zvichiwedzera kushanda kweganda rose.
Kune maindasitiri ematehwe ari kutsvaga kusimudziramaitiro ekuchenesa dehwe ne chromium, Lonnmeter Concentration Meter inopa mhinduro yakasimbiswa yekuzivakuwanda kwe sodium sulfatedzora. Taura nesu nhasi kuti ukumbire mutengo (RFQ) weLonnmeter uye uone kuti kuyera huwandu hweganda mumutsara kunogona sei kuchinja mashandiro ako ekutsvukisa ganda. Batana nesu mukugadzira dehwe nenzira inochengetedza ganda netekinoroji inopa mhedzisiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-01-2025
