Kunzwisisa Mvura Yakakamurwa Mukugadzirwa Kwemafuta Negasi
Kutsanangura Mvura Yakanyungudutswa uye Magasi Akanyungudutswa
Makondensa muchikamu chemafuta negesimahydrocarbon anoshanduka kubva pakuva gasi kuenda kumamiriro emvura kana tembiricha nekumanikidzwa zvichidzika pasi pemamiriro ekuchengetedza. Aya mahydrocarbon akasanganiswa anowanzo kuve nemahydrocarbon akareruka—kunyanya maalkanes akatsetseka kubva ku ethane (C2) kuenda ku hexane (C6+) uye anorema, ane chikamu chidiki chemakemikari anonhuhwirira uye heteroatomic. Kuvapo kwemacondensate, kwaakabva, uye kushandiswa kwawo pasi kune zvakunoreva pamaitiro ekuparadzanisa mahydrocarbon uye kukosha kwemusika.
Musiyano wakajeka uripo pakati pemagasi anodziya neakagadzirwa negasi. Magasi anodziya imvura inobuda muzvisikwa inoumbwa nekunyungudika kubva munzizi dzegasi rechisikigo, kazhinji kana yasvika pamusoro kana pedyo nepamusoro. Kusiyana neizvi, madhiziri imvura inodziya nehydrocarbon inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekunyungudika nemaune—kunyanya panguva yekunatswa kana kugadzirwa kwegasi. Nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa uye mashandiro emuviri (kunyungudika versus distillation) zvinosarudza kana rwizi rwuri muchikamu checondensate kana distillate.
Maitiro eKunyungudutsa Mafuta muChikamu
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Mamwe matambudziko anomuka pakati pekurenda nekudziya kwemiti. Kudziya kwemiti kunoonekwa pamusoro petsime kana pedyo naro, kwakaparadzaniswa nechikamu chegasi pakumanikidzwa kwemhepo uchishandisa ma "field separators". Kazhinji inosanganiswa mu "crude oil stream" kuti iongororwe uye ishandiswe mukutengeserana, ichiratidza simba reAPI rinowanzova pakati pe45 ne75. Kudzoserwa kwemvura inodziya mumiti kunoitika pasi pe "gas processing plants", uko kuparadzaniswa kunoitika pakumanikidzwa kwakakwira uye tembiricha yakaderera. Musiyano uyu unokanganisa accounting, reporting, uye market valuation. Kudziya kwemiti inodziya kunowanzoonekwa sechikamu chemafuta asina kuchena, nepo "plant condensates" dzichiwanzoiswa muboka re "natural gas plant liquids" (NGPL). Mitemo yakasiyana yekutonga uye maitiro emusika wedunhu zvinowedzera kuoma kupatsanura, zvichikanganisa kushuma uye kudzora kutumira kunze kwenyika.
Zvinwiwa zvakapfava zvine basa guru mukupatsanurwa nekucheneswa kwemahydrocarbon. Zvinoshanda senzvimbo dzekuchenesa mahydrocarbon—zvichikosheswa nekuda kwehuwandu hwazvo hwakawanda muzvikamu zvehydrocarbon zvakaita sepeturu, naphtha, uye LPG—uye sezvinhu zvinoderedza huwandu hwemafuta anonhuhwirira.viscosity yemafuta akakora asina kuchekwayekufambisa mapaipi. Kusagadzikana kwazvo uye huwandu hwadzo hushoma hwekusvibiswa, zvichienzaniswa nemafuta asina kucheneswa anorema, zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira nekusanganisa mafuta panguva yekudiridza peturu, zvichitsigira kuchinjika kwenzvimbo yekucheneserwa mafuta uye kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa.
Makemikari uye Zvimiro zveMuviri Zvakakosha pakuparadzana
Maitiro uye kupatsanurwa kwemacondensate mukushanda kwemafuta negasi zvinodzorwa nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvepanyama uye zvemakemikari. Pakati peizvi, API gravity inopa chiyero chehuwandu hwemvura kana tichienzanisa nemvura. Macondensate, ane magiravhiti eAPI anowanzova pakati pe45 ne75, akareruka kupfuura akawanda ma crudes, zvichikurudzira kupatsanurwa nekukurumidza panguva yekugadzirisa mafuta negasi. Density, ine chekuita zvakananga neAPI, yakakosha pakugadzira mapaipi, kutamiswa kwekuchengetedza, uye kudzora maitiro. Inline density measurement instruments, dzakadai sedzinogadzirwa neLonnmeter, dzinoshandiswa kutarisa nekuona kuti zvinodzora ma parameter ekushanda, kunyanya pakubatanidza kana kunatsa nzizi dzechiedza.
Kusviba kunowedzerawo kunotungamira mashandiro ekushanda. Makondensati anowanzo ratidza kusviba kwakaderera, izvo zvinoita kuti kuyerera kushande zvakanaka, kupatsanurwa kuri nyore mumasisitimu ane zvikamu zvakawanda, uye kuderedzwa kwesimba rinopinda panguva yekusanganisa nekupomba. Kusviba kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekupisa, kuumbwa kwemakemikari, uye maitiro ezvikamu; kuyera kwayo kwakarurama kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kugadzirwa uye kuderedza kuvharika kwemapaipi.
Kuumbwa kwehydrocarbon—kunyanya chikamu chemaparafini akareruka, zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira, uye tsvina—kunoratidza maitiro echikamu uye kukosha kwekunatswa. Kutonga kwechiedza (butanes, pentanes, hexanes) kunowedzera kusagadzikana, asi kunogonawo kuunza njodzi panguva yekubata nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kweutsi. Zvinhu zvidiki, zvakaita seasphaltenes, resins, uye waxes, zvine simba rakawanda; zvinogona kudonha sezvinhu zvakasimba patembiricha yakaderera, zvichikonzera kuiswa kwewakisi uye matambudziko ekushanda mumapaipi uye zvitima zvekuparadzanisa. Semuenzaniso, minda yakaita seAstrakhan neAltyguyi yakaratidza kunaya kweparafini patembiricha inoenderana nemaitiro, zvichida ongororo yekunyatsogadzirwa uye nzira dzekuwedzera kudzivirira matambudziko ekuona kuti kuyerera kwemvura kuri sei.
Kukosha kwekuyera pfuma kunopfuura kushanda zvakanaka—kunokanganisa zvakananga kudzora mhando yezvigadzirwa uye kukosha kwekutengeserana. Ruzivo rwakavimbika rwehuwandu uye viscosity runotsigira mafambiro ekugadzirisa peturu uye condensate, zvichitsigira kupatsanurwa kwakarurama kwezvikamu zvehydrocarbon, sezvinodiwa mukuita kwemafuta emafuta. Maitiro emazuva ano ekuyera huwandu ikozvino chikamu chakakosha chekutarisa maitiro, kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo yekufambisa kuchengetedza uye kufambisa kugadziriswa kwekuchengetedza uye kufambisa zvakanaka kuchengetedza nekusanganisa mumabasa ese ari maviri ekumusoro neapasi.
Kuumbwa kwemamorekuru kunodzorawo kuenzana kwemvura nemafuta uye maitiro echikamu, kunyanya muzvikamu zvehydrocarbon zvishoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu anochinja-chinja, misiyano midiki muhuremu hwemamorekuru kana chimiro inogona kukonzera shanduko huru muhuwandu hwegasi nechinhu chinonyunguduka, zvine chekuita zvakananga nekugadzirwa kweseparator uye stabilizer, pamwe nekuenzana kwehuwandu hwezvirimwa. Kuongororwa kwakajairika kwemaitiro echikamu chinonyunguduka kunoita kuti vagadziri vechikamu vasarudze nzira dzakanakisisa dzekugadzira peturu dzinowedzera kudzoreredza uku vachideredza mari yesimba uye kurasikirwa kwemhando.
Kugadzirisa hunhu uhwu—kukweva kweAPI, kuwanda kwemuviri, kusimba, uye kuumbwa—kunoumba hwaro hwekuparadzanisa nekunatsa zvinobudirira kwemvura inodziya uye mvura ine hydrocarbon. Kuyera nguva dzose uye kwakarurama kwehunhu hwemvura iyi inodziya kunosimudzira kudzora maitiro, kunotsigira kudzora mhando yemvura inodziya inodziya inodziya, uye kunotsigira hupfumi hwemafuta negesi.
Maitiro ekuyera ehuwandu hwemvura yakavharirwa
Matekiniki Epamusoro Ekuvandudza Kunyatsojeka
Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko aripo pakuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakapfava uye zvinorema zvehydrocarbon, nzira dzekunyungudutsa dzave kuzivikanwa. Zvikamu zvinorema zvinowanzonyungudutswa nezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa zvakaita setoluene, zvichideredza kusimba uye kuderedza kusimba kwekupisa. Iyi tsika inoita kuti pave nekuongorora kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwezvinhu, sezvo homogeneity yemuenzaniso ichivandudzika uye zvikanganiso zvekushandisa kubva mukubata mvura inonyunguduka zvichideredzwa. Nzira yekunyungudutsa-nyungudutsa inonyanya kukosha mukutarisa zvigadzirwa zvinonyungudutsa petroleum uye zvinosanganiswa zvine mafuta akawanda, uko huwandu hunodiwa kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro uye kutsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa.
Nzira itsva, kunyanya idzo dzinoshandisa mita dzemagetsi dzinoenderana ne vibration (dzakadai seZvishandiso zveLonnmeter), inokunda zvipingamupinyi zvezvishandiso zvemazuva ose. Zvishandiso izvi zvinogadzirisa tembiricha yemuenzaniso, kuona mabubbles, uye kubhadharisa viscosity, izvo zvakakosha pakuongorora mafuta negasi condensate. Mamita otomatiki anobvumirawo kubatanidzwa mumapaipi eindasitiri kuti arambe achiyerwa, zvichitsigira kudzora kunaka kwehydrocarbon condensate pasina kumisa kufamba kwemaitiro.
Ongororo yekuenzanisa inoratidza kuti zvishandiso zvemumarabhoritari zvechinyakare uye zvemaoko zvinowanzo gadzira huwandu hwezvinhu zvine miganho yekukanganisa isingagamuchirwi pakuchenesa mahydrocarbons echiedza uye nzira dzekugadzira peturu dzinoda miganhu yakaoma yekugadzirwa. Kusiyana neizvi, inline automated metres haingoderedzi chete kusiyana kwekushanda, asiwo inopa kuburitswa kwedhijitari kunoteverwa, kwakakosha pakutevedzera mitemo, mishumo, uye kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zvehydrocarbon.
Zvidimbu zvehydrocarbon zvishoma zvinokonzera matambudziko ekuyera nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka uye kuderera kwekuwanda. Kurasikirwa nehutsi, kupwa kwemuenzaniso, uye kuchinja kudiki kwekushisa zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yekuwanda. Mamita epamusoro anoderedza mhedzisiro iyi nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekuyera dzakavharwa uye kutonga kwakanyatsonaka kwekupisa. Zvidimbu zvinorema, panguva imwe chete, zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kubva mukurapwa kwe solvent uye kubhadhariswa kwe viscosity zvakabatanidzwa nekuyera kwedhijitari.
Kubatanidzwa kweZvishandiso zveAnalytical muKuongorora Density
Kuongororwa kweCompositional kunosimbisa kuyera kwe density chaiyo. Gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), uye gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) zvinoratidza ma hydrocarbon profiles, zvichiratidza zvikamu zvakajeka zvechiedza nezvinorema mukati me crude oil distillation uye condensate extraction workflows. Zvishandiso zvakadaro zvekuongorora zvinogonesa kubatana kwakananga pakati pe measured density uye compositional attributes, zvichisimudzira hydrocarbon condensate quality control uye kutsigira kusarudzwa kwe blended streams dzekuchenesa kana petrochemical conversion.
Data reChromatographic pamwe nekuyera density zvinoita kuti pave neruzivo rwekuti zvinhu zvakaita sei mumafuta emusanganiswa zvinokwanisa sei kuona kuti mafuta ari mumafuta ari mumafuta emusanganiswa, izvo zvakakosha pakugadzirisa peturu nekupatsanura zvikamu zvehydrocarbon. Semuenzaniso, GCMS compositional fingerprints inojekesa hukama huripo pakati pe density uye molecular weight distribution mumafuta emusanganiswa akacheneswa, zvichibatsira mainjiniya ekugadzira zvinhu kuti vagone kupatsanura chigadzirwa kana kusanganisa.
Kupisa-vhoriyamu-tembiricha (PVT)Kuongororwa kunoshandiswa kufanotaura huwandu hwevanhu uye maitiro ezvikamu zvemacondensate mumamiriro ekushanda. Zvidzidzo zvePVT zvinosanganisa huwandu hwakayerwa nekufanotaura kwehunhu hwe equilibrium, zvichivandudza dhizaini yemaitiro uye kutsigira mashandisirwo mukupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zvehydrocarbon uye kunatsa mwenje wehydrocarbons.
Mukugadzirisa mafuta epetroleum ne condensate kwemazuva ano, kusanganisa matekiniki aya kunopa hurongwa hwakasimba hwekutsanangura hova dzehydrocarbon, kuyera huwandu hwe hydrocarbon condensates, uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekuparadzanisa nekudzora hunhu hunoyerwa muchikamu chimwe nechimwe. Nzira iyi yakabatana—kubatanidza zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwe condensate zvakananga, semidziyo yakasimba yeLonnmeter, nekuongorora kwemhando yepamusoro—inosimbisa kumiririrwa uye kuvimbika kwekuongorora kwezvimiro zvemvura yakavharirwa mumaindasitiri.
Kukosha Kwekuyerwa Kwakarurama Kwehuwandu hwemvura yakaderedzwa
Mhedzisiro Pakuparadzaniswa kweHydrocarbon uye Maitiro Ekunyungudutsa
Yakapfupikiswa nemazvokuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvuraZvakakosha mukuita kwekupatsanurwa kwemahydrocarbon, kunyanya panguva yekudiridza mafuta asina kucheneswa uye kuburitsa condensate. Kupatsanurwa kwemahydrocarbon fractions kunoenderana nekusiyana kwehuwandu hwemafuta kuti kutungamirire kupatsanurwa kwemafuta, zvichikanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwecolumn uye kudzora nzvimbo dzekucheka. Munzira dzese dzedistillation yemafuta nedistillation yemafuta, huwandu hwemafuta hunokanganisa zvakananga vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE). Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemafuta mumafuta kunochinja macurve ekubikira, zvichikonzera kusiyana kwemhando yechigadzirwa uye huwandu hwezvinhu.
Kuverengwa kwehuwandu hwemagetsi panguva chaiyo kunoshandiswa kuverenga zvinhu zvinogadzirisa tembiricha nekumanikidzwa, izvo zvinokanganisa kushandurwa kubva pakuyerera kwemafuta kuenda kuhuwandu. Izvi zvakakosha pakuyera kwakanyatsojeka kwemvura inoyerera nemafuta negasi sezvainofamba nepakati pemakoramu ekunyungudutsa. Kugadziriswa kunotungamirirwa nedensity kunobatsira vashandi kugadzirisa mamiriro ekushanda nekugonesa kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kwema profiles ekupisa, reflux ratios, uye draw-off rates yetireyi yega yega kana rwizi rwepadivi. Kushandisa zvishandiso zvekuyera huwandu hwemhando ye inline density ye condensate, senge izvo zvakagadzirwa neLonnmeter, zvinobvumira mhinduro nguva dzose, izvo zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa ma process parameters kuti apindure kukuchinja kwe feedstock kana demand shifts.
Kuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakakoshawo pakusarudzwa kwemidziyo muchikamu chekugadzirisa petroleum necondensate. Izvi zvinopa ruzivo nezvehukuru hwezvinhu zviri mukati me column, heat exchangers, uye pombi, pamwe nekutungamira kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakakodzera zvekuchengetedza ngura kana nzvimbo dzine pressure yakakwira. Semuenzaniso, condensate yekugadzirisa column ine paraffinic yakawanda inoda nzvimbo yakasiyana yetray kana rudzi rwekurongedza, izvo zvinongoonekwa chete kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakarurama kwe density uye light hydrocarbon fractions.
Kufanotaura kwegoho uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa panguva yekuchenesa mahydrocarbon echiedza zvinoenderana nedata rehuwandu hwezvinhu. Vashandi vanoshandisa huwandu hwezvinhu senzira yekuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zvakaita se naphtha, peturu, kana jet fuel, chimwe nechimwe chinotsanangurwa nemahwindo ehuwandu hwezvinhu uye kugadzikana kwezvinhu. Kutsauka kudiki mukuyera huwandu hwezvinhu kunogona kuitika kuti kugadzire zvinhu zvisiri zvemhando yepamusoro, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwezvinhu kana kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinodhura. Izvi zvinosimbisa basa rehuwandu hwezvinhu mukushandiswa kwezvikamu zvehydrocarbon zvechiedza uye kupatsanurwa kwakakura kwezvikamu zvehydrocarbon.
Kukosha kweKutsanangurwa kweMadhamu uye Kuongororwa Kwekugadzirwa
Kuyera huwandu hwemahydrocarbon condensates kunotsigira nzira dzepamusoro dzekutarisa madhamu. Kuverengwa kwehuwandu, kana kwakabatanidzwa nedata rema compositional uye engineering, kunowedzera zvakanyanya kururama kwema geological models uye fungidziro yekugadzirwa. Muminda inogadzira gasi condensate, kusiyana kudiki kwehuwandu hwemvura yakapfupikiswa kunogona kuratidza shanduko mukubatana kwedhamu, kusangana kwemvura, kana kushanda zvakanaka kwemabasa echipiri ekudzoreredza.
Data rehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinomiririrwa rinosanganiswa nepfungwa dzakawanikwa pakuongorora, mhinduro dzemarogi, uye mamodheru epetrofizikisi, zvichipa mamepu epamusoro-soro ekugoverwa kwemvura-yedombo. Semuenzaniso, kurongeka kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinoyerera uye magadzirirwo ePVT anoshandisa maitiro ehuwandu hwezvinhu kuti aratidze kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemvura. Izvi zvinogonesa vashandi kufanotaura zviri nani maitiro ekugadzira, kugadzirisa nzvimbo yetsime, uye kugadzirisa nzira dzekupedzisa kugadzirisa kudzoreredzwa kwemahydrocarbon.
Matekiniki ekuyera huwandu hwemvura inodziya (condensate density) anoita basa guru mukutarisa nguva chaiyo, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekushandisa zvinhu zvichienderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Aya mapoinzi edata anoratidza shanduko dzemaitiro echikamu, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza nzira dzekumanikidzwa uye dzekudhonza mvura, pamwe nekuona njodzi dzekudzikira kwemvura inodziya kana kuti njodzi dzenguva yekudonha kwemvura. Pakupedzisira, kuyera kwakarurama kunovimbisa kubatanidzwa kwakakwana neinjiniya yemvura inodziya uye mamodheru enzvimbo, zvichinyatsoenderana nekukosha kwezvinhu uye mashandiro ekushanda.
Kuongorora Kudzora Hunhu uye Kuchenesa Zvigadzirwa Zvemafuta
Kusarudzwa kwezvikafu uye kuongororwa kwemusanganiswa kunoenderana zvakanyanya nehunhu hwemafuta negasi condensate streams, zvinoonekwa kuburikidza nehuwandu uye data remusanganiswa. Muchirevo chekudzora hunhu hwehydrocarbon condensate, huwandu hunoshandiswa sekutarisa nekukurumidza kuti musanganiswa unoenderana sei uye sechiratidzo chekuwedzera chesarufa, simbi, uye zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira. Kuverengwa kwakarurama, kwenguva chaiyo kubva kumidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwe inline ye condensate kwakakosha kudzivirira kusanganiswa kusingaenderane, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza mayuniti ekuchenesa kana kuderedza mashandiro e catalyst.
Kutevedzera zvinodiwa nezvigadzirwa mu refinery supply chain kunosimbiswa kuburikidza nekutarisa huwandu hwevanhu mu regularly uye batch sampling regimes. Mhedzisiro inofanira kuenderana nemiganhu inodiwa yezvikamu zvinotengeswa—zvakadai se density bands dzakatarwa dze naphtha kana parafini—kuti zvienderane nemitemo yepamutemo neyekutengeserana. Kufambira mberi kwekuongorora, kusanganisira regressions yenguva chaiyo uye compositional analysis, kunobvumira kuona zvakanyanya maitiro asiri e spec panguva yekutamiswa kwe feedstock uye process upset.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekubatanidza kuverenga kwehuwandu hwevanhu nekuongorora kwechromatographic uye elemental, mafekitori anofanotaura kugona kwekugadzira uye kutsemuka kwemafuta echinyakare uye anogona kushandiswazve. Nzira iyi inobvumira kudzora maitiro, kunatsiridza goho, uye kuderedza njodzi yekushanda kuburikidza nekutarisira kusvibiswa, kubikwa, uye kukanganiswa kwemayuniti. Saka, hunhu hwemvura yakasanganiswa mumahydrocarbon hunotsigira kukwikwidzana kwefekitori uye hunoita kuti pave nekuenderana padanho rega rega rekuchenesa peturu uye kufambisa mafivha emvura.
Chati iyi yakashongedzwa inoratidza kuti goho rakanaka rezvigadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwechikamu chemahydrocarbon light rinoitika mukati memabhandi e tight density, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekudzora density kwakarurama mukati mekuita kwekuparadzanisa. Kutsauka, kunyangwe nema kg/m³ mashoma, kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwekushanda zvakanaka uye zvinokwanisika kubuda kunze kwespec.
Kuyera kwakarurama huwandu hwemvura yakasanganiswa ndiyo hwaro hwemaitiro ekuparadzanisa mahydrocarbon mukuchenesa peturu, kubva pakugadzira matangi kusvika pakugadzirisa maitiro ari mukati memiti, kuongorora huwandu hwezvinhu, uye kudzora mhando, zvichiratidza basa rayo guru mukubudirira kwekushanda zvakanaka uye kubudirira kwebhizinesi.
Pfungwa Dzinoshanda uye Maitiro Akanakisisa
Maitiro Ekutora Samples Kuti Ukwanise Kuyera Zvakanaka
Kutora sampuro dzinomiririra ndiko kwakakosha pakuongorora mvura yakasanganiswa, kunyanya mumafuta negasi uko zvikanganiso zvinogona kuwedzera mvura iri pasi. Kuti uongorore hunhu hwemvura yakasanganiswa mumahydrocarbon kana kuita ongororo yezvikamu zvehydrocarbon zvishoma, sampuro inofanira kuratidza mamiriro ekushanda zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Izvi zvakakosha kuti utevedzere kuchinja kwemusanganiswa kunokonzerwa nekupisa, kumanikidzwa, uye kugoverwa kwechikamu mukati memaitiro ekuparadzanisa mahydrocarbon mukuchenesa peturu.
Nzvimbo yekuyedza inofanira kunge iri panzvimbo iyo mvura inoramba yakasanganiswa zvakanaka uye usati waparadzana nechikamu chipi zvacho. Semuenzaniso, kuisa sample probe mumutsara uri pamusoro pemapaseparator kunoita kuti mvura yacho ive chaiyo. Mitsetse yese yesample nemidziyo yekuunganidzira zvinhu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakagadziriswa uye zvakasukwa nerukova rwechigadzirwa kuderedza kusvibiswa kubva kumasaririra uye kudzivirira kupinda kwemhepo, izvo zvinokanganisa huwandu hwevanhu uye kuongorora kwe compositional.
Kudzikamiswa kwekupisa nekumanikidzwa kwakakosha panguva yekutora sampuli. Kana kumanikidzwa kukaderedzwa nekukurumidza panguva yekudistilla mafuta asina kucheneswa uye kubviswa kwemvura ine condensate, zvikamu zvechiedza zvinogona kudzima, zvichichinja kuumbwa kwechikamu che hydrocarbon chechiedza uye zvichipa mhedzisiro isingavimbike yematekiniki ekuyera huwandu hwemvura ine condensate. Masisitimu ekuunganidza akavharwa anoderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kurasikirwa kwemhepo, zvichitsigira hukama hwakajeka pakati pedata rakayerwa nemamiriro echokwadi emunda.
Kuchenesa nguva dzose, kutamiswa nekukurumidza kunoongororwa, uye kuvharwa kwakavharwa kunoderedza njodzi yekukanganisa uye kusvibiswa. Pakutamiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kana kudzora mhando zviri pamutemo, kugadzirisa maitiro aya kunovimbisa kuenderana uye kuteverwa mukuyera huwandu hwemahydrocarbon condensates uye mumaitiro ekudzora mhando yehydrocarbon condensate.
Kubata Data uye Kubatanidzwa neMagadzirirwo Einjiniya
Ndakatora data rehuwandu uye compositional kubva mumidziyo yakaita seLonnmeter's density measurement instruments ye condensate feed zvakananga muma simulation models uye process control systems, zvichitsigira perfume refinement uye condensate processing zvinobudirira. High-resolution measurement inokosha pakuongororwa uye kugadziriswa kwe petroleum distillation process, kunyanya pakuchenesa light hydrocarbons uye kudzora kupatsanurwa kwe hydrocarbon fractions.
Kuti vashandise data rehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira modhi, mainjiniya vanobatanidza kuverenga kwezviridzwa murabhoritari kana kuti real-time nematanho makuru einjiniya. Simba reAPI, semuenzaniso, rinoverengerwa zvakananga kubva pakuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu uye chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza mashandiro, kusanganisa, uye kugoverwa kwechigadzirwa. Kuongorora kwakarurama kwesimba reAPI kunoita kuti pave nekuchinja kwenzira dzekugadzira peturu kuti pave nekudzoreredzwa kwemhando yepamusoro yemafuta ehydrocarbon.
Zviyero zvemafuta negasi, zvinotorwa kuburikidza nekuyera huwandu hwemafuta nemakemikari, zvinopa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa mafambiro emvura iri mudura remvura uye kugadzirisa mashandiro ari kuitwa. Semuenzaniso, kana kuverenga kwehuwandu hwemafuta kuchiratidza kuchinja nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechikamu chechiedza, vashandisi vanogona kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekucheka mafuta kuti vagadzirise kupatsanurwa kwechikamu uye kuona kuti zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa zvinosangana nazvo.
Kubatanidza data rinoenderera mberi kunovimbisa kudzora mhando. Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinopinda otomatiki—kubva kuLonnmeter inline metres—kunokwana zvakanaka mukati mezvivakwa zvekudzora zvakagoverwa, zvichipa resolution uye kuvimbika kwenguva inodiwa kudzora flow splitters, reboilers, uye stabilizers. Izvi zvinoderedza kusiyana kwemaitiro, zvinoderedza kupindira kwesampuru, uye zvinosimbisa mahwindo ezvigadzirwa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kudzora mhando yehydrocarbon condensate kuburikidza nemhinduro chaiyo.
Muchidimbu, nzira dzakanakisisa dzinoshanda dzinotarisa pamatanho akasimba ekutora sampuli uye kubatanidzwa kwedata kwakarurama. Izvi ndizvo zvinotungamira pakuongorora kwakarurama kwezvikamu zve hydrocarbon light, kupindura kwekushanda mumaitiro ekuparadzanisa mahydrocarbon, uye manejimendi emhando yepamusoro mumapaipi ekuchenesa peturu uye ekugadzirisa macondensate - kunyanya kana uchishandisa zvishandiso zvepamusoro zvakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwemafuta negasi.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Chii chinonzi mvura dzakasanganiswa uye nei dzichikosha pakugadzira mafuta negasi?
Zvinwiwa zvakakanyiwa ihydrocarbons dzinochinja kubva pagasi kuenda kumvura sezvo tembiricha nekumanikidzwa zvichidzika pasi pedova razvo panguva yekuburitsa gasi rechisikigo. Zvinwiwa izvi zvakareruka uye hazvina kusimba kupfuura mafuta asina kusviba, zvinowanzo rongwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuunganidzira—kungave serendi condensate pamusoro petsime kana serendi condensate kubva kumafekitori ekugadzirisa. Mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzakasiyana nezvinwiwa zvegasi rechisikigo (NGLs) mukugadzirwa kwadzo uye hunhu hwadzo. Kukosha kwadzo kuri mukukosha kwazvo pamusika, basa radzo serefinery uye makemikari, uye pesvedzero yadzo pamaitiro ekushanda kwekushandisa, kugadzirisa, uye kutumira kunze kwenyika. Nekuti zvinwiwa zvakakanyiwa zvinoshanduka uye zvinobvira, maitiro akaomarara ekushanda anomanikidzwa mukubata, kutakurwa, uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza. Hunhu hwadzo hwemuviri, kunyanya kuwanda uye huremu hwemamorekuru, hunokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka, mwero wekudzoreredza, uye kugadzirwa kwemutengo wakaderera mukushanda kwemafuta negasi condensate.
Kuwanda kwemvura yakasanganiswa kunoyerwa sei panguva yekupatsanurwa kwemahydrocarbon?
Kuyera huwandu hwemvura yakavharirwa kwakakosha pakudzora maitiro uye kutsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa. Nzira dzinonyanya kuyera dzinosanganisira mahydrometer, anoshandisa ma "calibrated floats" kuti ape kuverenga kwakananga kana kuti API gravity, uye ma "pycnometers", ayo anoona huwandu hwemvura zvichibva pahukuru hunozivikanwa uye huwandu hwesampuro yemvura. Nzira dzepamusoro dzekuongorora dzinogona kushandawo, kazhinji dzichishandisa zvinonyungudutsa kuti zviongororwe zvakanyatsojeka. Mamodheru ekufanotaura senge Hankinson-Thomson (HT) uye Hankinson-Brobst-Thomson (HBT) anofungidzira huwandu hwemvura yakazadzwa uye yakamanikidzwa yehydrocarbon mumamiriro ekushanda. Mundima iyi, zvishandiso zvekutarisa zvakaita seLonnmeter inline density metres zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakutarisa huwandu hwemvura nguva dzose uye nemazvo, zvichitsigira kugadzirisa maitiro panguva chaiyo. Maitiro ese aya anoumba musimboti wematekiniki ekuyera huwandu hwemvura, zvichiita kuti zvinodiwa zvemutemo nekutengeserana zve "hydrocarbon separation processes" mukuchenesa petroleum zvizadzikiswe.
Kuwanda kwemvura yakasanganiswa kunoita sei pamhedzisiro yekudiridza peturu?
Kuwanda kwemafuta ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoratidza kuti mahydrocarbon anoparadzaniswa sei panguva yekudistilla mafuta. Kuwanda kwemvura yakakomberedzwa kunotarisa kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu pakati pekucheka kwemafuta akadai se naphtha, peturu, nedhiziri. Kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemafuta kunokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye goho rechikamu chimwe nechimwe chekudistilla, sezvo zvikafu zvakareruka kana zvakawandisa zvinoda mamiriro akasiyana ekushanda. Kuyerwa kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwemafuta kunobvumira kugadziriswa zvakanaka kwekushanda kwemadhiramu ereflux uye mapuroteni ekuparadzanisa zvikamu, zvichitungamira mukuvandudzwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa uye kugara kwenguva refu. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakosha muzvikafu zvinovaka muviri kunoita kuti nzira dzezvigadzirwa dzisvike pazvinodiwa, kuderedza marara uye kugadzirisa hupfumi hwenzvimbo yekudistilla mafuta. Kusanganisira huwandu hwakavimbika hwekuyera hwemahydrocarbon condensates kunotsigira kupatsanurwa kwakanaka kwezvikamu zvehydrocarbon uye kunotsigira kushanda kwakasimba muzvikafu zvinodistilla mafuta asina kucheneswa uye mayuniti ekuburitsa condensate.
Sei ruzivo rwakarurama rwehuwandu hwezvinhu rwakakosha pakuchenesa zvikamu zve hydrocarbon zvine chiedza?
Zvidimbu zvehydrocarbon zvishoma, zvinowanzova muchikamu cheC5–C10, zvakakosha mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine mutengo wakakwira senge peturu nemakemikari epetrochemicals. Ruzivo rwakarurama rwehuwandu hwakakosha pakugadzira modhi yemaitiro, kudzora mhando, uye kuwana kutevedzera zvinodiwa nezvigadzirwa. Kugadzirisa mahydrocarbon zvishoma kunoda kugadziriswa kwakanyatsojeka kwemayuniti ekuparadzanisa zvichibva pane real-time density feedback—kazhinji inopihwa ne inline instrumentation senge Lonnmeter metres—kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka uye kudzivirira kudhura kwekugadzirwa kusingatarisirwi. Matekiniki ekuongorora, anosanganisira gas chromatography pamwe chete ne density analysis, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutarisa zvese kuumbwa uye hunhu hwemuviri. Iyi nzira inongwarira inobvumira kushanduka kwemaitiro uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando mukuongorora kwe light hydrocarbon fractions, zvichitungamira mukugadzirisa throughput uye manejimendi esimba mumaitiro ekuparadzanisa mahydrocarbon mukuchenesa peturu.
Ndedzipi nzira dzakanakisisa dzinofanira kutevedzerwa pakutora sampuli dzezvinwiwa zvakakanyiwa kuti zviyereswe huwandu hwezvinhu?
Kutora sampuli dzezvinwiwa zvakakanyiwa kunoda kunyatsotevedzera nzira dzakanakisisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvakavimbika uye zvinomiririrwa. Mienzaniso inofanira kuunganidzwa uchishandisa michina yakachena, isina kusvibiswa—yakacheneswa isati yashandiswa—uye kuchengetwa mumidziyo isingabudise kana kunyudza mahydrocarbon. Maitiro anosimbisa kubata chikamu chinomiririra chemvura inofamba, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwemuenzaniso nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura kana kudzima, kunyanya kune zvikamu zvinofashaira zvishoma. Matangi anovharwa uye anonyorerwa mazita nekukurumidza kuti aderedze kusvibiswa. Vashandi vanotevedzera maitiro akasimba ekuchengetedza nekuda kwehunhu hwezvinwiwa zvakakanyiwa. Mitemo yepamutemo, yakaita seyakapihwa neASTM International, inotsanangura maitiro chaiwo ekugadzirira, kubata, uye kuchengetedza. Aya maitiro akasimba akakosha pakudzora hunhu hwehydrocarbon condensate uye anotsigira mhedzisiro chaiyo, inogona kuitwa kubva kumidziyo yekuyera density ye condensate.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-11-2025
