Nhanganyaya yekudzvanya pellet mukuongorora kweXRF
Kudzvanya pellet kunoshanda senzira huru mukugadzirira sampuro yeX-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). XRF inzira yekuongorora elemental umo sampuro inoiswa paX-rays dzine simba guru, zvichiita kuti maatomu abudise maX-rays echipiri, e-element-specific fluorescent. Spectrometer inoona uye inoyera kuburitswa uku, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kuongororwa nekukurumidza, kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvesamples dzakasimba, dzemvura, uye dzeupfu.
Kugadzirira mapellet akadzvanywa kunoita kuti sampuli dzeupfu dzibatanidzwe kuita madhisiki akakora, akafanana. Nzira iyi inoderedza mipata yemhepo uye kuomarara kwenzvimbo, izvo—kana zvikasagadziriswa—zvinogona kupinza kana kuparadzira maX-ray, zvichikanganisa kunyatsoongorora. Kana hupfu hukadzvanywa mumapellet, nzira yeX-ray inopinda musampuli inova yakasimba uye inodzokororwa, zvichibvumira kuyera kwakanyatsojeka uye kunzwa kwakanyanya, kunyanya kune zvinhu zvechiedza zvakaita semagnesium kana silicon.
Nheyo dzeNzira dzeKugadzirira Pellet
Sarudzo dzekugadzira pellet
In X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), kuvimbika kwemuenzaniso uye kufanana kwemuenzaniso zvinosarudza zvakananga kururama kwekuongorora uye kugona kudzokororwa. Nzira yega yega yekugadzira pellet - hupfu hwakachena, bead yakasanganiswa, uye pellet yakadzvanywa - inopa zvakanakira zvakasiyana uye zvipingamupinyi zvakakodzera zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekuongorora.
Maitiro epellet yakadzvanywa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuti anowana chiyero pakati pekunyatsojeka uye kushanda zvakanaka. Nekubatanidza hupfu hwesample yakakuyiwa zvakanaka kuita mapellet akapfava, asina chinhu, nzira idzi dzinoderedza kusiyana uye dzinoderedza kupararira kwemashure, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakuona zvinhu zvechiedza. Maitiro ekurabhoritari anokurudzira kushandisa saizi dzezvimedu zvakafanana, kazhinji pasi pe50 µm, kuti uwedzere kufanana kwesample panguva yekudzvanywa uye kudzivirira kusawirirana mukuyera. Zvisinei, zvimedu zvisina kufanana zvakakwana kana kudzvanywa zvisina kunaka zvinogona kukanganisa kusimba kwepellet, zvichikonzera kutsemuka kana kusakwanisa kudzokororwa zvakanaka mukuongorora kwetrace element.
Nzira dzeupfu hwakachena, kunyangwe dzichikurumidza uye dzichidhura zvishoma, dzinowanzo tambura nekupatsanurwa kwezvidimbu uye kusanyatsonaka kwenzvimbo. Matambudziko aya anoonekwa sekuwedzera kwekupararira uye kuderera kwekunzwa, kunyanya kune zvinhu zviripo pahuwandu hwakaderera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudzvanya upfu hwakachena kunonyanya kuchengeterwa kuongororwa kwekutanga pane kuongororwa kwehuwandu.
Xrf Pelletising Yemasampuli Akasimba
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Maitiro ekugadzira mabhesi akasanganiswa anokunda mhedzisiro yakawanda yematrix inowanikwa mumasampuli eupfu nekunyungudutsa sampuro muflux—inowanzova lithium borate—uye kugadzira girazi rakafanana. Nzira iyi inopa kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kufanana, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuongororwa kwakanyatsojeka kwezvinhu zvakawanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, matambudziko anoshanda akadai sekusvibiswa kweflux kana kunyungudika kusina kukwana kunoda kudzora zvakanyanya tembiricha, flux ratios, uye mamiriro ekusanganisa. Midziyo yekubatanidza yepamusoro ine automated tembiricha management uye platinum crucible inoshandiswa inogona kuderedza njodzi idzi, asi kugadzirira mabhesi akasanganiswa kunoramba kuchitora nguva yakawanda uye kuchidya mari yakawanda zvichienzaniswa nekudzvanya pellet.
Muongororo yazvino, kudzvanya kweupfu hwakatsetseka—kusanganisa kukuya kwemvura kusvika pasi pe4 µm nekudzvanya kwe-ultrahigh-pressure—kwave nzira iri nani yekuongorora matrices akaomarara. Mapellets aya anoratidza kudzikira kukuru mukusaziva kwekuongorora uye kuvandudzika kukuru mukuona zvinhu zvidiki nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehunhu hwezvinhu uye kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro.
Kusarudza nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirira mapellets kunoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana:
- Kuumbwa kwemuenzaniso uye kuoma kwematrix:Zvinhu zvakaoma kuumba homogenize zvinobatsira nekudzvanya fused bead kana ultrafine powder.
- Zvinangwa zvekuongorora:Kunzwa kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvidiki kunoda nzira dzinoderedza kupararira kwemashure uye dzinowedzera kugona kudzokororwa, senge mapellets akadzvanywa kana akasanganiswa.
- Kuburikidza nemitengo uye zvipingamupinyi:Pakuongorora kwemaindasitiri kwakajairika, kwakawanda, mapellets akadzvanywa anopa kukurumidza uye kugadzikana pasina kukanganisa kukuru mukuongorora.
- Njodzi yekusvibiswa:Matekiniki anoderedza kubata kwesampuro uye anoda zvimwe zvinhu zvishoma anoderedza mukana wekusvibiswa kwesubstrate uye kukanganiswa kwekuongorora.
Kugadzirisa mashandiro ekudhinda—simba, ukobvu, uye huwandu hwemabinder—zvakakosha pamhando yepellet munzira dzese.
Basa uye Kusarudzwa kweVanobatanidza
Zvisungo zvemvura zvine basa guru mukugadzirwa kwepellet yeXRF. Basa razvo guru nderekubatanidza sampuro dzeupfu kuita mapellet akasimba, akabatana anokwanisa kubatwa nekuongororwa pasina kutsemuka kana kupwanyika. Chisungo chakasarudzwa zvakanaka chinowedzera kunaka kwesample uye chinodzivirira kusvibiswa, zvese izvi zvakakosha kuti pave nedata reXRF rakafanana uye rine resolution yepamusoro.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) inoonekwa semushonga unoshanda wekubatanidza mvura. Kana ikashandiswa pachiyero chakanaka (semuenzaniso, 7:1 sample kune musanganiswa), PVA inoita kuti zvimedu zvinyoro zvinyoroveswe uye zviparadzirwe zvakaenzana, zvichiita kuti mapellets ave nekuchinja kwema coefficients ari pasi pe2%. Mapellets aya anoratidza simba repamusoro remuchina, simba rakagadzikana mumatanho ese ekuongorora, uye anobvisa kudiwa kwekuwedzera kurapwa pamusoro.kuwanda kwePVAzvinokanganisa simba regirini uye kuzara kwevhu, zvichibatsira kuumbwa kwemapellets akasimba ukuwo zvichideredza njodzi dzekusvibiswa.
Zvimwe zvinosunga senge musanganiswa we cellulose kana wax zvinogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakuongorora uye makemikari emuenzaniso. Cellulose inowedzera simba remuchina, nepo wax ichigona kuwedzera kufambirana kwemuenzaniso we hydrophobic uye kuderedza kukweshana pakati pezvishandiso zvekudzvanya.
Zvisungo zvemvura zvine mabhenefiti chaiwo pane zvinosunga zvakaoma kana zveupfu:
- Zvinovandudza homogeneity yemapellet emuenzaniso nekuparadzira zvakaenzana zvinhu zviri mumuenzaniso panguva yekudzvanywa.
- Zvinobatanidza zvinoderedza kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu, zvichideredza kusawirirana uko kunogona kuderedza kunzwisisika kwekuona uye kugona kudzokororwa kwekuyerwa.
- Nekuderedza kusangana kwakananga pakati pesampuro nenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakudzvanya, zvinosunga mvura zvinodzivirira kusvibiswa—zvinonyanya kukosha pakuongorora zvinhu zvidiki uko kupindirana kwenzvimbo kunogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro.
- Kushandiswa kwemabinder akagadzirwa zvakanaka kunogadzirisa zvikonzero zvinowanzokonzera kutsemuka kwemapellet, zvichitsigira kudzvanywa kwemapellet kwakasimba uye kunatsiridza kunyatsoongorora.
Mienzaniso inoratidza kuti kushandisa PVA ine huremu hwepakati nepakati mumvura kunogara kuchigadzira mapellets ane hunyoro hwakanaka, anobata zvakasimba, uye ane njodzi shoma yekusvibiswa. Kubudirira kweprotocol nekuomesa kwakarongwa kunoburitsa mapellets asina substrate, zvichidzivirira kugadziriswa kwepamusoro.
Muchidimbu, kusarudzwa kwechinhu chinosunga mvura—chinonyanya kukosha chePVA, kana kuti zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira makemikari emuenzaniso—zvakakosha pakuvandudza kunaka kwepellet, kunyatsoongorora, uye kudzokororwa kwemaitiro mu x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
Zvinhu Zvakakosha Zvinokanganisa Kugadzikana Kwekugadzirwa Kwepellet
Kugadzirisa Kuisa Mabhandi Mukati
Kugadzirisakuunganidzwa kwebhandichinhu chakakosha pakuwedzera kugadzikana kwekugadzirwa kwepellets pa x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Nzira inotsigirwa zvakanyanya ndeyekuchengetedza chiyero chesample to binder chiri pakati pe7:1 ne10:1 nehuremu. Kune mienzaniso yakajairika, izvi zvakaenzana ne10–14% binder, senge polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) kana cellulose, izvo zvinosarudzwa nekuda kwekukanganiswa kwadzo kushoma kweXRF. Chiyero ichi chinobva muzvidzidzo zvakaongororwa nevezera uye mapuroteni emurabhoritari, zvichiratidza kuti inogadzira pellets dzine homogeneity yakafanana, kubatana kwepamusoro, uye kudzokororwa kwekuyera kwakavandudzwa mu spectroscopy.
Mapellets anogadzirwa mukati meiyi optimal ratio anoratidza mechanical resistance, izvo zvinodzivirira kutyoka, kunyanya panguva yekubata nekuendesa kune XRF analysis. Zvisinei, binder shoma inotungamira mukutsemuka kwepellet kana kubviswa kweupfu, zvichisvibisa nzvimbo yekugadzirira sampuro uye XRF instrumentation. Binder isina kukwana inobatanidzwawo nekudzokororwa kwakaderera kwekuyera nekuda kwekusaenderana kwemapellet structures. Kusiyana neizvi, binder yakawandisa inounza zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Kushandisa zvakanyanya (kupfuura 14% nehuremu) kunogona kuderedza kunzwisisika kwekuona zvinhu nekuti binder dzinoderedza target analyte uye dzinobatsira mumhedzisiro isingadiwe yematrix, zvichiita kuti kuve nekuoma kwekuongorora. Kuwanda kwebinder kunogonawo kukanganisa kushanda kwepellet compaction; zvidzidzo zve mechanical zvinosimbisa kuti mushure me threshold, binder yakawanda inogona kukonzera mapellets akapfava, asina kusimba kunze kwekunge kudzvanywa kwakawedzerwa zvakanyanya tandem.
Kusarudzwa kwechinhu chinosunga jira kwakakoshawo. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) inodiwa mukuita mapellet pressing nekuda kwekusaoneka kwayo kweXRF uye kugona kwayo kugadzira mapellet akasimba, akabatana, ichitsigira kuongororwa kwemaitiro uye kwetrace element. Dzimwe nguva chinhu chinosunga jira chekugadzira mapellet chinoshandiswa kubatsira kusanganisa asi chinofanira kupihwa dose chaiyo kudzivirira kuwanda kwemvura, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwayo. Nzira dzekugadzirira mapellet espectroscopy dzinokurudzirwa kutanga ne7:1 proportion uye fine-tuning zvichibva pakuedzwa kwesimba re empirical uye analytical calibration zvichienderana nezvinodiwa.
Machati anoenzanisa mwero wekukundikana kwepellet uchienzaniswa nechiyero chebinder anoratidza kugadzikana kweplate mukati me7:1–10:1, nekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekutyoka kunoonekwa pasi pe8% binder uye kudzikira kudiki kwesimba rekuongorora kupfuura 14% (ona Muenzaniso 1). Izvi zvinosimbisa kudiwa kwekuenzanisa pakati pekugadzikana kwepamusoro-soro kwemechanical uye simba rechiratidzo cheXRF rakanakisa.
Kukuya kwemuenzaniso uye Homogenization
Kugadzira mapellets akasimba kunodawo kukuya kwemasampuli kwakasimba uye kuita kuti aenderane. Kuderedza saizi yemapellets nguva dzose kwakakosha; masampuli akakuyiwa kusvika pasi pe50 μm anoratidza kusakwana kwepamusoro uye anozadza makomba zvinobudirira kana akamanikidzwa, zvichigadzira kumeso kwemapellets akakora uye akatsetseka. Mapellets akapfava anoderedza mumvuri munzira dzeX-ray uye anovimbisa kuti XRF excitation uye emission hazvidzivirirwi nemavoids kana kurongedza zvisina kurongeka, zvichivandudza zvakananga kunyatsoongorora. Mapellets makuru, akasiyana-siyana anowanzo patsanurana panguva yekudzvanywa kwemapellets, zvichipa huwandu hwakasiyana-siyana uye zvichiwedzera njodzi yekushaya simba kwenzvimbo kana kutsemuka kwemapellets.
Kubatanidzwa kwakakwana kwemuenzaniso kunovimbisa kugoverwa kwakaenzana kwebinder neanalyte munzvimbo. Izvi zvinogoneka kuburikidza nekusanganisa michina, senge kugayiwa kwebhora, kana kupfurwa kwakatambanudzwa muhomogenizer. Mushure mekusanganisa kwekutanga kwesample yepasi nebinder, kugayiwa kwakawedzerwa kana kupindurwa kunosanganisa chero binder yakapatsanurwa, saka hapana nzvimbo dzisina simba apo pellet inogona kuputika pasi pekumanikidzwa. Kubudirira kwehomogenization kunosimbiswa nemifananidzo yepellet cross-section uye kuongorora kuenderana; kugoverwa kwebinder kusina kufanana kunowanzoonekwa senzvimbo dzekugovaniswa kwakasiyana kana kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvisingatarisirwi muXRF mapping.
Pakushandisa nzira dzekugadzirira mapellets pa spectroscopy, kuchengetedza maitiro ekusanganisa uye magadzirirwo egrinder kwakakosha kuti zvikwanise kudzokororwa. Maitiro eindasitiri anokurudzira kusanganisa binder uye analyte mushure mekutanga kugayiwa, wobva wawedzera nguva yekugaya kana kuwedzera matanho ekusanganisa kusvika maitiro ekugovera afanana nekuona kana kuongorora. Danho iri rechipiri—kugayiwa kunoteverwa ne multi-step homogenization—rinoderedza zvakanyanya kusiyana kwekuyera uye rinovandudza maitiro ekudzivirira kupwanyika kwepellets, sezvakaratidzwa muzvidzidzo apo mwero wekupwanyika kwepellets wakaderedzwa nehafu kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kwakagadziridzwa.
Muchidimbu, kuunganidzwa kwezvibatiso uye kugayiwa/kusanganiswa zvakakwana ndizvo zvinhu zvinosimbisa kugadzika kwepellet. Zvinobatsirana: chiyero chakanakisa chezvibatiso hachikwanise kutsiva masampuli asina kuenzana zvakanaka, uye kunyangwe kugayiwa kwakanakisisa kunofanirwa kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwakakodzera hwezvibatiso zvepellet dzakagadzikana, dzakasimba dzinoshandiswa mukuongorora XRF. Maitiro aya akakosha pakuvandudza kuvimbika kwepellet yemuenzaniso, maitiro ekudzvanya pellet akagadzikana, uye kugadzirwa kwepellet kwakagadziriswa kweXRF.
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti sampuro yePellet yakavimbika uye kudzivirira kutsemuka kwePellet
Mamiriro Ekushanda Nematekiniki
Kusimba kwepellet muX-ray fluorescence spectroscopy kunoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwakaringana, nguva yekugara, uye kugoverwa kwakafanana kwebinder. Kumanikidzwa kwakakodzera kwe40 mm die kunowanzova pakati pematani gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu. Rudzi urwu runogadzira mapellets akakora, asina kutsemuka anoenderana nekuongorora kwakajairika uye kwetrace element. Zvisinei, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kupwanyika kwemukati kana kukuvara kwepamusoro, zvichikanganisa kunyatsoongorora.
Nguva yekugara—kubata kumanikidzwa kwaunoda kwemaminitsi imwe kusvika maviri—inoita kuti pellet yakamanikana ibatane zvizere. Kuderedza kumanikidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekugara kwakakosha; kusunungurwa nekukurumidza kwedzvinyiriro kunowanzo tungamira kumhepo yakavharirwa uye kushushikana kwemukati, zvichikonzera mapellet akatsemuka kana kuti akaputirwa.
Kusarudzwa kwema "binder", akadai se polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), uye kugadziriswa kwehuwandu ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakuvandudza kuvimbika kwema "pellet" emuenzaniso. Kugoverwa kwema "binder" akafanana kunodzivirira nzvimbo dzisina kusimba uye kushushikana kwemukati. Tsvagiridzo inosimbisa kuti "binder" yakasanganiswa zvakanaka neupfu inoderedzawo kusvibiswa uye kukuvara kwemidziyo kubva ku "slip-slip" dzakarembera. "Matrix" ye "binder" isina kufanana inogona kuoneka se "pellet delaminations" uye "post-pressed fractures", kunyanya mushure mekuburitswa nekukurumidza kwe "pressure". "Pellets" dzakadzvanywa ne "optimized binder ratios" uye "particle sizes" dziri pasi pe50 µm dzinoratidza kugara kwenguva refu uye kutsetseka kuri nani.
Nguva yekuoma uye kubata mushure mekudzvanywa kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwekuumbwa kwepellet. Kubvumira pellets kuti iome zvizere kunobvisa hunyoro hwasara, izvo zvinogona kunetesa zvisungo zvemukati uye kutungamira pakutsemuka panguva yekuongorora. Kubvisa nekungwarira kubva mudi uye kubata kushoma kunodzivirira kushushikana kwemuchina uye kukuvara kunogona kuitika.
Kuvandudza Kuyera Kudzokorora
Kugona kuyera zvakare muX-ray fluorescence spectroscopy kunoenderana nekuderedza kusiyana kwepellet-to-pellet. Kuenzanisa kumanikidzwa, nguva yekugara, uye huwandu hwebinder mubatch yega yega ndiyo hwaro. Kucheneswa kakawanda kwema dies uye maturusi ekudzvanya pakati pemasampuli kunodzivirira kusvibiswa kwekutakura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwekuongorora uye kusarura.
Kudzora kusvibiswa kunosimbiswa nekusarudza ma "binder" akaita sePVA, ayo asinganyanyi kupindirana ne "spectral" uye kubatana kwakasimba kwe "pellet". Kugara uchibatanidza hupfu ne "binder" — uchishandisa nzira dzakadai sekusanganisa "vortex" kana "rotary blenders" — kunoita kuti ma "pellets" ave ne "compaction profiles" dzakafanana uye "analyte dilutions".
Kuti uwedzere kudzokorodza, shandisa nguva dzose kuyera huwandu hwebinder nehuremu hwesample. Shandisa nzira dzekugadzira hupfu dzinogadzira saizi dzezvimedu zviri pasi pe50 µm kuderedza kusiyana kwezvimedu zvekurongedza. Midziyo yakaita se inline density metres uye viscosity metres kubva kuLonnmeter inobatsira pakuita kuti sample ive yakanaka nekutarisa hunhu hwebinder-sample musanganiswa usati wadzvanya, zvichiita kuti mapellet agare akasimba.
Nzvimbo dzekushanda dzakachena uye dzinodzorwa—dzisina tunhu tunobuda mumhepo uye hupfu hwasara—dzinodzivirira kusvibiswa kwekunze uye kupindirana pakati pemapellet. Kugoverwa kwemabinder akafanana uye matanho akajairwa ekuita zvinhu zvinosimudzira zvakanyanya kunzwisiswa kweX-ray fluorescence uye kururama kwekuongorora.
Kuwana Kururama Kwekuongorora uye Kunzwisisa Kwakawedzerwa Kwekuona
Kufanana uye Kufanana
Kuumbwa kwepellet yakafanana inzira inokosha ye x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kuona uye kunyatsoongorora. Kana hupfu hwemuenzaniso hukakuyiwa zvakanaka uye hukasanganiswa ne optimal binder ratios, dunhu rega rega repellet rinopa matrix yakafanana ne incident X-rays. Kufanana uku kunoita kuti absorption uye spreading effects zvirambe zviripo, saka trace and differential elements zvinogona kuonekwa zvakavimbika.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu, kuvandudzika muhumwe hunhu kunopa budiriro inoshamisa mukudzokororwa kwekuyerwa. Semuenzaniso, ongororo dzakadzokororwa dzemapellet egeological akadzvanywa nepolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder pacontrolled concentration dzinoratidza kutsauka kwakajairwa mukuverenga kukuru kwezvikamu zviri pasi pe2%. Mukuongorora zvinhu zvishoma, mapellet akasanganiswa zvakanaka anoderedza kushanduka kwesimba uye anoderedza kupindira kubva muhuwandu hwezvinhu kana gradients. Ruzivo rwekuyedza runosimbisa kuti mapellet akadzvanywa anogara achipfuura hupfu hwakareruka, nekuwedzera kunzwisisika kwezvinhu zvishoma (senge fluorine kana sodium) uye macurve ekugadzirisa akagadzikana zvakanyanya. Sezvo kufanana kwepellet kuchiwedzera, zvikanganiso zvisingatarisirwi uye zvakarongwa zvinobva mukusiyana kwesample zvinoderedzwa, zvichiwedzera chivimbo mukuona zvinhu zvikuru nezvishoma.
Basa rekusarudza simbi yemvura ndiro guru. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) muchiyero chakanyatsodzorwa inopa kugadzikana kwemuchina uye inoita kuti zvinhu zveanalyte zvigoverwe zvakaenzana. Kuwanda kwakadzorwa—kazhinji 20–30% nehuremu hwesimbi—kunodzivirira kutsemuka, kupwanyika, uye kupatsanurwa kwehuwandu, saka pellet yega yega inopa mufananidzo chaiwo wehuwandu hwesampuro. Kukuya zvakanaka kusvika kuhukuru hwezvikamu zvepasi pe10 μm kunoteverwa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunobvisa mhepo isina chinhu uye zvikanganiso zvechimiro, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kunaka kwekuongorora uye kuberekana.
Kusimbiswa kweStatistical
Kusimbiswa kwekururama kwekuongorora uye kunzwisisika kwekuona kunoenderana nenzira dzakasimba dzekuverenga. Marabhoritari anowanzo vimba nekuyerwa kwakadzokororwa kwezvinhu zvakabvumidzwa (CRMs) kuti aone kurongeka (kudzokorora) uye chokwadi (kubvumirana nemitengo yakabvumidzwa). Kune mapellet akadzvanywa anoratidza homogeneity yakakwana, kutsauka kwekuyera mukati mezuva uye pakati pezuva kunoramba kuri pasi pe2% yezvinhu zvikuru, zvichisimbisa kuvimbika kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora kwakajairika uye kwekutevera. Kunyatsojeka uku kwakanyanya kunonyanya kuoneka pakushandisa huwandu hwakagadziriswa hwePVA binder: "Kusimba kwepellet kwakagadziridzwa uye kugadzikana kwesampuru kunowanikwa nePVA ratios dzakagadziriswa kunoita kuti kuyerwa kweXRF kwakadzokororwa uye kwakarurama kune <2% shanduko."
Kusimbiswa kwehuwandu kunowedzera kuburikidza nekushandisa ma calibration curves akavakwa kubva muzvinhu zvakawanda zvinotaridzirwa. Izvi zvinotsigira chivimbo mukusarudzwa kwetrace- uye ma minor-element, kunyanya mu matrices akaoma anoda miganho yakaderera yekuona. Marabhoritari anoongororawo zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvekushanda zvakaita semuganhu wehuwandu, kudzokorora, kusimba kwemhedzisiro yematrix, uye kusarudza, zvichiita kuti mapellets akagadzirwa arambe akarurama pakuongorora munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Kusimbiswa kunoenderera mberi, pamwe chete nekudzora kwakasimba kwekuchinja kwepellet, kunotsigira x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy yakavimbika, inodzokororwa yekutarisa nguva dzose uye mashandisirwo ekutsvaga kwakadzama.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwakanyatsoitwa kwenzira idzi dzekugadzirira mapellets—kunyanya mukubatanidza PVA binder, saizi yezvidimbu zvidiki, uye pressurization yakarongwa—zvinoguma nemapellets akafanana ane X-ray inoramba iripo panguva dzakawanda dzakadzokororwa uye nguva refu dzekuongorora. Kufanana uku, kwakasimbiswa nenhamba, kunoshandura kuvandudzika kunoshanda mukunzwisisa, kutsigira miganho yakaderera yekuona uye chivimbo chikuru mumishumo yezvikamu zvetrace-level elemental.
Kuongororwa Kwemushonga Nekudzora Kuvhara Kwemushonga Mukugadzirira Pellet
Kudzora dosing otomatiki kuri kushandura nzira dzekugadzirira pellets dzespectroscopy, kunyanya kuma lab e x-ray fluorescence (XRF) ane high-throughput. Mukugadzirira sampuro dze XRF, kuwedzera kwakarurama uye kwakafanana kwema binders—ingava liquid binder yekugadzira pellets kana polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder—kunokanganisa zvakananga kugadzikana kwekugadzirwa kwepellets, kuvimbika kwesample pellets, uye kunyatsoongorora kwakazara. Masisitimu e automated dosing anoita kuyera uye kuwedzera kwe binder nemazvo, izvo zvinoderedza kusiyana kwevanhu uye kukanganisa. Kudzora kwakadaro kwakakosha kudzivirira pellet cracking uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwe reproducible uye kunaka kwepamusoro, zviratidzo zvekuyera reproducible mu spectroscopy.
Masisitimu ekudzora akavharirwa anosimudzira mwero nekutarisa uye kugadzirisa nhanho yega yega yekudzvanya pellet. Masisitimu aya anogara achiyera ma process parameters—akadai sekudzvanya simba, nguva yekugara, uye tembiricha—panguva yekuumbwa kwepellet. Kugadziriswa kunoitwa otomatiki panguva chaiyo kuchengetedza pellet yega yega mukati memahwindo akanyatsotsanangurwa, kuvandudza kunzwisisika kwekuona mu x-ray fluorescence uye kuderedza kusiyana kwebatch. Semuenzaniso, ma control loops anodzora tembiricha inonamira inoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakanaka pakati pezvikamu, zvichiwedzera kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet uye kuderedza marara e binder.
Kubatanidza mashandiro ekuyera, kuisa, uye kudzvanya otomatiki ndiyo musimboti wemaitiro ekudzvanya pellet akagadzikana uye anodzokororwa. Mukutaura, mashandiro ebasa anotanga nemamodule ekuisa dosing akarongwa kare achipa huwandu hwakakodzera hwebinder pasampuli yeupfu. Mapuratifomu ekuyera robotic kana macarousels otomatiki anobva asimbisa huremu hwakananga mukati me milligram accuracy, kunyangwe achitarisa zvinhu zvakaoma senge hygroscopic kana deliqueescent binders. Kuendesa zvakananga kumaprints e hydraulic kana servo-driven anogadzirisa otomatiki kunopedzisa kutenderera, zvichiita kuti ma profiles ekumanikidza aenzane uye nguva yekugara kwepellet yega yega.
Kubatanidzwa uku kunoita kuti pave nekukwanisa kudzokororwa kwakasimba uye kuburitswa kwesimba, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha mumarabhoritari makuru eXRF. Nekubatanidza kuyera, kuisa dosing, uye kudzvanya mumutsara wakatsetseka, marabhoritari anogona kugadzira zviuru zvemapellets pazuva pasina kupindira kwakanyanya kwemushandisi. Maitiro aya anotsigirawo kuwedzera kwemodular: marabhoritari ane high-throughput anogona kugadzirisa mamwe madosing stations, ma weighing platforms, kana integrated presses sezvo kudiwa kuri kuwedzera.
Kutarisa nguva dzose—kunowanzo tsigirwa nezvishandiso zvekuyera zviri mukati zvakaita semamita ehuwandu kubva kuLonnmeter—inobvumira mhinduro chaiyo. Mhinduro iyi inovhara kugadzirwa kwemapellet eXRF nekukurumidza kuona kutsauka muhuwandu kana kugoverwa kwemabinder uye kutanga chiito chekugadzirisa nekukurumidza usati watanga kuongorora.
Kudzora otomatiki kunoitawo kuti pave nenzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzemurabhoritari uye kudzokorora kwakawedzerwa pakubata mhando dzakasiyana dzemabinder kana masampuli akaoma. Kusarudzika kwemabinder kuti mapellet agadzikane, kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekushanda kweautomated panguva chaiyo, kunoshandura zvakananga kuita mhedzisiro iri nani yekuongorora uye chivimbo chakanyanya mukuyera kwezvinhu.
Machati nedata remashandiro mubasa razvino rakaongororwa nevezera zvinoratidza kuti kudzora kwedosi yakavharwa uye otomatiki kunoderedza sei kusiyana kwehuwandu hwepellet kusvika pasi pe1% mumabatch makuru esampuli. Rudzi urwu rwekugadzikana kwekushanda kwakakosha pakuona trace-level uye kuenzanisa kwakavimbika pakati pemarun, zvichisimbisa mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro yeXRF.
Kubatanidzwa kwakazara kwakadaro uye mhinduro chaiyo ikozvino zvinotsanangura hunyanzvi hwepamusoro muhunyanzvi hwekudzvanya pellet hwekuongorora kwespectroscopic. Kuisa otomatiki dosing uye kudzora kweclosed-loop hazvisi zvishandiso zvinochengetedza basa chete; ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kudzokororwa kwekuongorora, kururama kwehuwandu, uye mashandiro emurabhoritari anoshanda uye anokura.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Chii chinonzi X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy uye nei pellet pressing ichikosha?
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) inzira yekuongorora inoshandiswa kuona nekuyera zvinhu zviri mukati mechinhu nekuyera kubuda kweX-ray kwemaatomu kana amutswa nechinhu chekunze. Kudzvanya pellet kwakakosha nekuti kunoshandura sampuro dzeupfu kuita madhisiki akaomarara, akafanana, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvienderane. Kusatsetseka uye kuvimbika kwepellet yakadzvanywa kunoderedza kusarongeka kwepamusoro kunogona kuparadzira maX-ray, zvichideredza kukanganisa kwekuyera uye kusiyana. Kugadzirira pellet nguva dzose kunovandudza kunzwisisika kwekuona, zvichiita kuti mhedzisiro yehuwandu kubva kuXRF ive yakarurama uye inodzokororwa.
Kuwanda kwezvisungo zvinosunga mabhindi kunokanganisa sei kugadzikana kwekugadzirwa kwepellet uye kuvimbika kwemuenzaniso?
Kuwanda kwezvibatiso chinhu chakakosha pakuumbwa kwezvibatiso. Kusakwana kwezvibatiso kunotungamira kukuti zvibatiso zvisina simba zvikwanise kupwanyika kana kutsemuka, nepo zvibatiso zvakawandisa zvinogona kuunza matrix effects zvinokanganisa kunzwisisika kwekuona uye kururama kwekuongorora muXRF. Kuenzanisa chiyero chezvibatiso nemuenzaniso kunoita kuti simba remuchina uye homogeneity yemuenzaniso ivepo. Semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa zvibatiso zvine starch muma catalyst pellets kwakawedzera simba uye kuchengetedza kuvimbika, nepo kudzvanywa kusina kunaka kunoderedza kugadzikana kunyangwe pahuwandu hwezvibatiso. Kuongororwa kwezvibatiso nguva dzose uchishandisa masisitimu e otomatiki kunowedzera kudzikamisa kugadzirwa kwezvibatiso, kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemuenzaniso kuti uongorore zvakavimbika.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira kushandisa polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sechinobatanidza mvura mukugadzira pellet?
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) inoshanda semushonga unoshanda wekubatanidza mvura pakugadzira mapellet. Kunyungudika kwayo mumvura uye hunhu hwayo hwekunyorovesa mvura hwakawanda zvinoita kuti zvidimbu zvipararire zvakanaka uye zvinamire panguva yekuumbwa kwepellet. Kushandisa PVA kunoderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa kwesubstrate uye kunotsigira kugadzirwa kwemapellets akasimba, asingatsemuke. PVA inorema pakati nepakati inovandudza densification, inowedzera simba regirini, uye inoita kuti ive yakafanana kunyangwe paine huwandu hwakaderera. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti PVA haingowedzere simba rekudzvanya uye kugadzikana chete asiwo inochengetedza homogeneity yesampuro - chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira spectroscopy chaiyo. Kuchinja-chinja kwePVA mumamatrices akasiyana eupfu kunoita kuti ive yakanakira nzira dzekugadzirira mapellets akavakirwa pamichina.
Kukwanisa kudzokorodza kuyera uye kunyatsoongorora zvinhu kunogona sei kuvandudzwa pakugadzira mapellets?
Kukwanisa kuyera zvakare uye kunyatsoongorora zvinoenderana nematanho akakosha: kukuya sampuli zvakakwana kuti uwane saizi yakafanana yezvikamu; kuyera zvakakwana mapellets akagadzikana; uye kudzvanya nguva dzose kudzivirira density gradients. Kudzvanya otomatiki kunoderedza kusiyana kunokonzerwa nevanhu, nepo masisitimu ekudzora akavharwa-loop achivimbisa kutarisa nekugadziriswa kwezviyero zvekugadzirira nguva dzose. Kuchengetedza madies nguva dzose uye kutevedzera zvakanyanya protocol kunowedzera kuvimbika. Kudzidziswa kwevashandi uye kuyera kwakasimba kwekushanda kwakakosha zvakaenzana kuchengetedza kudzokorora mukudzvanya pellet uye kutora sampling. Maitiro aya anovandudza zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yekuongorora muXRF applications.
Matanho api anokurudzirwa kudzivirira kutsemuka kwepellet panguva yekugadzirira XRF analysis?
Kuti udzivise kutsemuka, shandisa chinhu chakakodzera chekubatanidza senge PVA pamwero wakakodzera uye iva nechokwadi chekuti upfu nechinhu chekubatanidza zvinosanganiswa zvakaenzana. Dzora simba rekudzvanya kuti udzivise kushushikana kwakanyanya uye gadzirisa ukobvu hwepellet uye huremu hwakaenzana kuti huve hwakafanana. Gadzira sampuli zvakanaka usati wadzvanya, uye omesa pellet zvakanaka kuti ubvise hurema hunokonzerwa nehunyoro. Kuchengetedza midziyo yakachena yekukuya nekuyera kunoderedza kusvibiswa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kushushikana kunokonzera kutsemuka. Kutevedzera maitiro aya hakungobatsiri chete pakuumbwa kwepellet asiwo kunowedzera kusimba kwepellet yemuenzaniso uye kugona kudzokororwa kwekuyerwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-11-2025
