Kudzora kwakanyatsojeka huwandu hwechikafu mumaseketi emugodhi webhora ndiko kwakakosha pakuvandudza matekiniki ekugadzira migodhi yemhangura nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira zvicherwa. Maturusi nemaitiro akati wandei emazuva ano akabuda kuti afambise mberi mashandiro emugodhi webhora uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira migodhi yebhora. Kuramba uchitarisa huwandu hweslurry kwakakosha mumidziyo yekugadzira zvicherwa kuti zvigayiwe zvakagadzikana. Kuyera huwandu hwemukati mumigodhi kunoshandisa matekinoroji epamusoro ekuona senge high-frequency vibration sensors, ultrasonic ceramic sensors, nezvimwewo.
Kunzwisisa Kugaya Mabhora Mukugadzirisa Zvicherwa
Zvigayo zvebhora zvishandiso zvepakona mumafekitori ekugadzirisa zvicherwa, zvakagadzirirwa kuderedza saizi yezvidimbu zvematombo kuti zvibviswe uye zvidzorerwe zvakanaka. Pakati pazvo, zvigayo zvebhora imidziyo inotenderera yakaita sedenderedzwa, yakazadzwa zvishoma nezvigayo zvakaita semabhora esimbi kana mapellet eceramic, ayo anokuya matombo kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wemasimba ekudonha nekudonha. Maitiro ekukuya aya akakosha pakusunungurwa kwezvicherwa, chinodiwa kune nzira dzese dzekuwedzera - kungave kudonha, kudonhedza, kana kupatsanurwa kwesimba remagetsi.
Kutsanangura Basa reBall Mills muMineral Processing Plants
Zvigayo zvebhora zvinoshanda nekushandisa simba remuchina kupwanya matombo. Kusarudzwa kwemhando yemidziyo yekukuya nehukuru zvinokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro ekupwanyika, kubuda kwechinhu, uye kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvidimbu. Kubatana pakati pemhando yemidziyo, michina yekukuya, uye kumhanya kwemidziyo yekugaya kunoita kuti pave nekushanda zvakanaka.
Zvikamu zvakakosha zvekushanda zvakaita sehuwandu hwekuchaja, dhizaini ye liner, uye kurodha kwe media zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka kuti zvinyatsoshanda zvakanaka pakukuya uye kuderedza kuwanda kwezvimedu. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa musanganiswa wakakodzera wehukuru hwebhora uye huwandu hwe media kunovandudza huwandu hwe throughput uye huwandu hwezvimedu zvinoburitswa, zvakakosha pakugadzirisa matombo akaomarara, asina giredhi rakawanda anowanzo sangana nawo mukuchera mhangura.
Kudzora Kudya Kwemaore - Saizi Yekudya Kwemaore uye Matani Emugayo
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Midziyo yemichina yebhora inoitawo basa rakakosha mukudzivirira goko remichina, zvichiita kuti michina ifambe zvakanaka, uye inotsigira maitiro ekufamba kwezvikamu zvinodiwa. Kugadziriswa kwemichina yemichina nemidziyo yemagetsi nguva dzose, zvichitungamirirwa nekutarisa kuwanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi inopwanyika uye mafambiro ayo, kwakakosha kuti irambe ichishanda zvakanaka uye ichengetedze mari.
Kukosha Kwakakosha Kwekugaya Mabhora Mumabasa Emugodhi Wemhangura
Mukuchera mhangura, kugaya bhora kwakakosha. Maitiro aya anoita kuti dombo riomeswe zvakanaka kuti zvicherwa zvemhangura zviparadzaniswe kubva kugangue yakapoteredza. Sezvo matombo emhangura ari kuenda kumagiredhi akaderera uye kuoma kwakawanda, nzira dzekugadzira bhora dzinofanira kuchinjika nekuchinja kwemineralology, kuoma kwematombo, uye kusiyana kwekushanda.
Semuenzaniso, varwere vane matombo akapfuma mubornite vanowanzoona kukuya kuri nyore uye mwero wekusununguka wakakwira, nepo matombo akapfuma muchalcopyrite, ane kuoma kukuru, anokonzera matambudziko ekushanda uye anowedzera kudiwa kwesimba. Maitiro epamusoro ekugadzira migodhi yemhangura ikozvino anosimbisa magadzirirwo emhando yepamusoro emugodhi webhora uye kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yakagadzirwa kuti iwedzere kupora uye kuderedza kukuya zvakanyanya, zvichideredza mari yesimba uye kurasikirwa kwezvicherwa. Kugadziriswa nguva dzose - kunyanya pamigodhi yemigodhi uye manejimendi yemidziyo yekukuya - kunotsigira zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwekushanda uye kugadzikana kwehupfumi.
Pfupiso yeKudzora Kuwanda Kwezvokudya uye Kushanda Nesimba Kwekugaya
Kuwanda kwezvikafu—huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba zviri mutsvina zvinoendeswa kubhora—chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekukuya uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Kuwanda kwezvikafu zvakasimba kunowedzera kusviba kwetsvina, zvichikonzera kusasanganiswa zvakanaka uye kudhonza simba zvakanyanya, nepo kuderera kwakanyanya kunoderedza kufambisa kwemvura uye kunoderedza mwero wekutyoka. Kudzora kwakaringana kwehuwandu hwezvikafu uye kudzvanywa kwemvura kunoita kuti vashandisi varambe vachityoka zvakanaka, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwetorque, uye kuchengetedza simba.
Tekinoroji yekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo, kusanganisira zvishandiso zve ultrasonic zvisiri zvenyukireya zvakaita seLonnmeter, zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya kutarisa hunhu hwetsvina uye kupa mhinduro nekukurumidza yekugadzirisa maitiro. Iyi tekinoroji inotsigira kutonga kwakasimba, ichisimbisa mashandiro emugayo uye inovandudza kushanda kwekugaya kwese. Nekubatanidza masisitimu ekudzora chikafu nekuyera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu, zvivakwa zvekugadzirisa zvicherwa zvinowana mhando yepamusoro yechigadzirwa uye mitengo yakaderera yekushanda mukuchera mhangura nemamwe mabasa ekubvisa zvicherwa.
Muchidimbu, kushanda kwemuchina wekugaya bhora, sarudzo uye kupfeka kwemuchina wekukuya, kugadzirisa muchina wekuisa simbi, uye kudzora huwandu hwezvikafu zvinosarudza kushanda zvakanaka kwenzira dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa. Maitiro aya anotsigira kushanda kwemuchina wekugaya bhora kuti zvicherwa zvisaparare, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinoda mari yakawanda semigodhi yemhangura yemazuva ano, uko michina nekugadzirisa mashandiro azvo zvakakosha pakudzoreredza zvicherwa nenzira inogara kwenguva refu uye isingadhuri.
Kukuya Midhiya: Kusarudza, Kushanda, uye Kupfeka
Kushanda kwemuchina wekugaya zvicherwa, kunyanya pakucherwa kwemhangura, kunoenderana zvikuru nekusarudza nekugadzirisa michina yekukuya. Kusarudza michina yakakodzera hakungokanganisi kushanda zvakanaka kwekukuya uye kusunungurwa kwezvicherwa chete asiwo hupfumi hwekushanda uye hupenyu hwemidziyo.
Mhando dzeMidziyo yeKukuya Inoshandiswa muBall Mills yeMineral Ores
Zvigayo zvebhora zvinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekugaya, dzine mhando chaiyo inosarudzwa zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwematombo, saizi yekukuya inodiwa, uye dhizaini yedunhu. Mapoka makuru anosanganisira:
Mabhora eSimbi Akagadzirwa:Mabhora esimbi akagadzirwa nesimbi anorumbidzwa nekuda kwesimba rayo guru remuchina uye kuramba kwayo kupwanyika, anowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira migodhi yemhangura. Anoratidza hunhu hwakanaka mukugaya kwakanyorova uye kwakaoma, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvisaputsikane nguva dzose uye kuti zvidimbu zvisaputsika zvakanyanya.
Mabhora Esimbi Akaumbwa (Simbi Yakakwirira neChrome uye Simbi Yakajairika):Mabhora esimbi, kunyanya ane chrome yakawanda, anodzivirira kukweshana, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa pakugadzira zvicherwa zvinokweshana. Zvisinei, mutengo wazvo wepamusoro wekugadzira uye mukana wekuti zvicherwa zviite semakemikari mune mamwe maseketi emhangura zvinogona kukanganisa hupfumi hwenhau uye mhedzisiro yekudonha kwemvura.
Zvekushandisa zveCeramic (Alumina neZirconia):Inoshandiswa mukugaya zvakare kana kushandiswa kwakakosha kunoda kukuya zvakanaka uye kusvibiswa kushoma. Zvakanakira zvayo zvinosanganisira kuramba kupfeka zvakanaka uye kusvibiswa kushoma, asi mitengo yakakwira uye kusimba kushoma kwekupwanyika zvinodzivisa kushandiswa kwayo mukugaya mhangura kwakakura.
Cylpebs netsvimbo:Dzimwe nguva dzimwe nzira idzi dzinosarudzwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwakasiyana hwema "grind" kana kuti ma "hybrid circuits". Chimiro chadzo chakasiyana chinokanganisa mashandiro e "contact dynamics" uye mapatani ekuputsika, zvinobatsira mune mamwe ma "mineral liberation configurations".
Kukanganiswa kweSaizi yeMedia, Geometry, uye Density paKushanda kweGrinding uye Kusunungurwa kweMineral
Hunhu hwezvenhau hunokanganisa zvakanyanya kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekugaya bhora uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvicherwa zvinokosha:
Kukura Kwehukuru:Kushandisa musanganiswa wemabhora makuru nemadiki kunoita kuti zvidimbu zvakakora zviputseke zvakanaka uye zvikuyiwe zvakanaka. Mabhora makuru anopa simba guru rekurovera, zvakakosha pakupwanya zvidimbu zvikuru zvematombo, nepo mabhora madiki achivandudza kuburitswa kwemaminerari akanaka.
Geometry uye Maumbirwo:Midziyo yakatenderera inopa kugoverwa kwakafanana kwemutoro, zvichiita kuti pave nekushanda kwakasimba kwekukuya uye kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakanangwa. Kusiyana neizvi, mamwe maumbirwo (semuenzaniso, cylpebs) anogadzirisa chimiro chekubatana, dzimwe nguva zvichibatsira mumhando dzakasiyana dzematombo kana saizi dzechigadzirwa chaunoda.
Kuwanda:Kuwanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi kunosarudza kufambiswa kwesimba panguva yekurovera. Midziyo yemagetsi ine huwandu hwakaderera yakaratidza kusunungurwa kwakanyanya uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba mukushandiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi inogadziriswazve, nepo sarudzo dzemagetsi ane huwandu hwakanyanya dzichinyanya kunaka kune midziyo yemagetsi ine huwandu hwakanyanya.
Muenzaniso:Muchikamu cheIsaMill regrind, kushandisa mabhora eceramic ane density yakaderera pamwe chete nehukuru hwe media hwakasiyana-siyana kwakabatsira kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rakati uye kuwedzera rusununguko rwekudonha kwemvura kunotevera.
Migumisiro Yezvehupfumi Nekushanda Kwekusarudza Kwakanaka Kwemidziyo Yekukuya
Migumisiro yehupfumi yekusarudza nzira dzekukuya midziyo yesimbi yakakura zvikuru mukugadzira migodhi yemhangura:
Mutengo wekushandiswa kweMidhiya:Kuwanda kwekupfekwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi kunotungamira zvakananga pakutsiva nguva uye mari yekutenga. Kugadzirisa mhando yezvinhu, saizi, uye kukura kwemidziyo kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwegore negore ne10–15%.
Kushanda Nesimba Pakukuya Uye Kushandisa Simba:Kusarudza zvakanaka kunowedzera simba rinobuda uye kunoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, zvichishandura kuita kuti pave nematanho madiki ekuchengetedza nharaunda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari.
Mhedzisiro Yekugadzirisa Pasi:Kuumbwa kwemidziyo yemuchadenga kunogona kukanganisa kemikari yemuchadenga uye, nekudaro, kushanda kwemvura inoyerera kana kubuda kwayo. Kusasarudzwa zvakanaka kunogona kuda kuwedzerwa kwe reagent dose kana kutungamira kusvibiswa kusingadiwe kwechigadzirwa.
Kureba Kwezvishandiso zveGayo:Kudyidzana pakati pemichina yekukuya nemidziyo yekukuya ine simba rekugadzirisa zvinhu. Michina ine mwero wekusakara uye kupwanyika kunoderedza nguva yekushanda kwemichina, zvichideredza nguva yekushanda isina kurongwa uye kurasikirwa kwekugadzirwa kwayo.
Muenzaniso:Mashandiro anoshandisa sisitimu yeLonnmeter uye kutarisa panguva chaiyo zvakaratidza kuvandudzwa kwesarudzo yemidhiya, zvichipa kushanda kwakanaka kwekugaya midhiya uye zvirongwa zvekutsiva midhiya zvinofungidzirwa zviri nyore.
Kusarudza nekutarisira nzira dzekugadzira simbi dzinogayiwa mukugaya bhora kuti zvicherwa zvisaparare kwakakosha pakuwedzera kuunganidzwa kwesimbi, kuchengetedza kufambira mberi kwemushonga, uye kudzora mitengo muchikamu chekugadzira zvicherwa mumaindasitiri.
Kugaya Mabhora eMugodhi weCopper: Hunhu hweMatombo uye Kudzora Kudya
Matombo emhangura emagetsi ekugadzira bhora akakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru: oxide nesulfide. Imwe neimwe inoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa uye nzira dzekupa chikafu chebhora nekuda kwekusiyana kukuru kwemineral uye physical.
Maore eoxide, akadai semalachite neazurite, anonyanya kugadzirwa nemhangura pamwe chete neokisijeni. Maore aya akapfava, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kupwanya nekukuya. Munzira dzekugadzira migodhi yemhangura, maore eoxide anowanzo da kukuya zvishoma usati wabvisa - acid leaching ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekugadzirisa zvicherwa, ichishandisa kunyunguduka kwadzo. Nokudaro, kushanda kwebhora re oxide ore kunowanzo tarisa kukura kwemafuta akakuyiwa zvakanyanya, kuderedza simba rinopinda uye kupfeka pamagetsi ekukuya. Kugadzirisa maitiro ekugaya bhora pano kunonyanya kukoshesa throughput ukuwo kuchivavarira kukura kwezvikamu zvinoenzanisa kusunungurwa nekushanda kwemafuta ekukuya.
Matombo eSulfide, akadai sechalcopyrite nebornite, anoumba zvicherwa zvemhangura zvakasungwa nesarufa. Matombo aya anowanzova akaoma uye asinganyanyi kupindirana nekubviswa kweasidhi zvakananga, zvichiita kuti zviome kukuya mumabhara kuti zviwane rusununguko rwakakwana rwekubviswa kwemhangura inobva pakuyerera. Matombo eSulfide anogayiwa anoda saizi yakapfava yekudyisa, zvinoreva kuti simba rakawanda rinoshandiswa uye kutarisisa kwakanyanya pakusarudza mhando dzemidziyo yekugayiwa yakakodzera uye mashandisirwo ayo. Mabhora esimbi akaumbwa anowanzo kufarirwa kune simbi yeSulfide nekuda kwekutsungirira kwawo mumamiriro ezvinhu ekupfeka zvakanyanya, anoparadza, nepo mabhora ane chromium yakawanda anogona kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvekushanda zvakananga pasinei nemitengo yakakwira. Kudiwa kwemabhara ekugadzira bhora anoshanda uye kugadziriswa nguva dzose kunowedzerawo nehukuru hwekugumbura kwe sulfide feeds.
Kuchera mineralology mumigodhi mikuru yemhangura yakavhurika haiwanzo mira. Mazhinji emadhaka anoratidza nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa dze oxide-sulfide, kunyanya pakuchinja pakati peore yakachera neore yekutanga. Kugadzirisa kusiyana uku kwakakosha kuti chikafu chebhora chigayiwe nguva dzose uye mashandiro akagadzikana emiti. Kuchinja-chinja kwemineral kunogona kuchinja mwero wekuchera wepamusoro, kukanganisa kushanda kwemidziyo yekugadzira zvicherwa, uye kuchinja zvinodiwa pakugaya bhora kuti zvicherwa zvisunungurwe. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa nzizi kubva kumabhenji akasiyana kana nzvimbo dzeore buffers kunodyisa kusiyana, nepo mamodheru ethermodynamic (Eh-pH diagrams) achitsigira sarudzo yemaitiro ekugadzirisa copper mu mixed-mineral feeds. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kugadzirisa mixed streams pane kuiparadzanisa kunowedzera galvanic interactions, zvichiwedzera mwero wekunyungudika kwesimbi panguva yekubuda kana kudonha.
Kurapa simbi dzesulfide mu microwave kwakaratidzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura kuti kunochinja hunhu hwesimbi dzinopwanyika, zvichikonzera kupararira kwesimbi dzakaoma uye maumbirwo esimbi akareba. Izvi zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwesimbi dzinopwanyika uye zvinogona kutsigira kugadziriswa kwesimbi dzinopwanyika—sekuvandudza kuyerera kwesimbi—zvichireva kuti kugadzirisa simbi dzinopwanyika kwave chinhu chakakosha mumatanho epamusoro ekudzora kudyiwa kwesimbi.
Kugadziriswa kwekuchengetedza chikafu chemugodhi chinoenderana kunotanga pamberi pemugodhi. Kutarisira zvinhu zvakachengetwa kwakakosha, kuchishanda senzira yekudzivirira kubuda kwemugodhi kwakasiyana-siyana uye chikafu chinodiwa nemabhara. Pre-crusher uye matura ekutanga akagadzirwa kwete chete kuchengetedza matombo asiwo kuti zvive nyore kusanganisa kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kuderedza kusiyana kwezuva nezuva uye kuchinja-chinja. Kuvaka nekuchenjerera matura uye kutorazve zvinhu kunoita kuti kusanganiswa kuenderane, kuderedza kuchinja kwegiredhi uye kupa mineral composition yakafanana kudunhu rekugaya.
Kugadzirwa kwezvidya kunokanganisawo kuenderana kwechikafu uye mashandiro emuchina webhora. Kune mapurojekiti makuru emugodhi wakavhurika, zvidya zvinofanirwa kugamuchira saizi dzakasiyana dzezvidimbu zvematombo uye huwandu hwakawanda. Kubatanidza kuyerwa kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwesimbi—uchishandisa masisitimu akadai seLonnmeter—pamusoro pechidya kunogonesa kutarisa nekudzora huwandu hwesimbi, zvichitsigira mamiriro ekukuya akakodzera uye throughput. Masisitimu ezvidya akavimbika anodzivirira kukwira kana kuvharika, zvichidzikamisa kuendeswa kwesimbi kudunhu rekugaya bhora.
Kazhinji, kubudirira kwekugadzira bhora remugodhi wemhangura kunoenderana nekugadzirisa kudzora kwezvikafu zvichienderana ne mineralology yematombo, kusanganisa uye kugadzirisa manyuko akasiyana-siyana, uye kushandisa zvinhu zvakasimba—kubva mumatura kusvika kumafeeder—kuderedza kushanduka-shanduka. Izvi zvinopa kusunungurwa kwezvicherwa zvinobudirira, kudzoreredzwa kwemhangura zvakanyanya, uye kushanda kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakaoma dzekuchera.
Matekiniki neZvishandiso zvekudzora kuzara kwezvokudya
Kuyera Kwakananga: Kuongororwa kweSensors uye Particle Size
Vashandi vanovimba nemasensa kuti vaongorore slurry uye hunhu hwechikafu panguva chaiyo. Masensa ekushandisa anotarisa kuyerera kwehuwandu, nepo masisitimu ekuongorora saizi yezvidimbu zvechikafu—anowanzoiswa pamabhendi kana mafeed hoppers—achipa data regranularity nekukurumidza remhando dzemidziyo yekukuya uye sarudzo dzemashandisirwo. Maitiro ekuenzanisa mumutsara, pamwe chete nemaanalyzer ehukuru hwezvidimbu, anogonesa kugara achiongorora kunaka kwechikafu chemukuyi, chinhu chakakosha mukugaya bhora kuti zvicherwe zvibviswe uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekukuya kwebhora.
Kuyerwa kweInline Density: Tekinoroji uye Mabhenefiti
Kugara uchitarisa huwandu hweslurry hunokosha mumichina yekugadzirisa zvicherwa kuti zvigayiwe zvakagadzikana. Kuyera huwandu hweinline mumigodhi kunoshandisa matekinoroji epamusoro-soro e sensor akadai se high-frequency vibration sensors, ultrasonic spectroscopy-based ceramic sensors, uye applied current magnetic induction tomography (AC-MIT).
- Ma sensor ekudzungudza ane mafrequency akakwirakuona shanduko dziri mumutsara mukuwanda kwetsvina uye kusimba, nemaitiro ekuzvichenesa anoderedza kusvibiswa nekugadzirisa.
- Masensa e ultrasonic eCeramicDzinodzivirira kukweshwa uye dzinoyera pasina kudonha, dzakakodzera nzvimbo dzakaoma dzemuchina webhora. Dzinoita kuti pave nekushanda kusina kugadziriswa uye simba rakawanda, dzichitsigira mapurasitiki emuchina webhora uye maitiro ekugadzirisa.
- Masensa eAC-MITbvumira kuyerwa kusingabatanidzwi, zvichideredza nguva yekushanda uye kusakara mumasisitimu ekufamba kweropa nguva dzose.
Mabhenefiti makuru ekuyera huwandu hwemukati anosanganisira:
- Kutarisira kwakarurama huwandu hwepulp panguva chaiyo, kwakakosha pakuchera mhangura nekugaya zvakanaka.
- Kubudirira kwekushanda kwakavandudzwa kuburikidza nekupa mhinduro panguva chaiyo, kuderedza zvikanganiso zvevanhu uye kuvimba nekutora sampuro murabhoritari.
- Hunhu hwechigadzirwa hwakawedzerwa nekutonga zvakananga huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba, huwandu hwetsvina, uye mwero wekupwanyika kwemidziyo.
Kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu ekutarisa huwandu hwezvinhu, akadai seaya anotsanangurwa muInline Density Monitoring yeBall Mills, kunobvumira kudzora huwandu hwezvinhu zvakapwanyika, kufambira mberi kwenzira dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa uye kugadzikana kwemaitiro.
Kuenzanisa Kuwedzera Mvura, Kuwanda kweSlurry, uye Zviri Mukati meSolids
Kuwedzera mvura kwakakodzera mukugaya bhora ndiko kunoita kuti pave nehuwandu hwakanakisa hwemvura inoyerera kuti ishande zvakanaka. Zvidzidzo zvemaindasitiri zvinoratidza kuti kudzora huwandu hwemvura, zvinhu zvakasimba zvekudya, uye mhando yemichina yekukuya hazvingogadzirisi chete simba rinobuda asi zvinoderedzawo kushandiswa kwesimba. Maitiro ekugadzirisa mhinduro (RSM) anoratidza mhedzisiro yakasimba yekuwedzera mvura uye mwero wekuzadza michina pakushandiswa kwesimba uye mashandiro emuchina.
Zvishandiso zvekuyera zvine simba, zvakaita se inline density probes uye particle size sensors, zvinoita kuti pulp density irambe iri mukati memhando dzakakodzera dzekugadzirisa copper mine techniques. Kugadziriswa kwekuwedzera mvura kunokanganisa zvakananga slurry viscosity, grinding media interaction, uye ore liberation rates.
Masisitimu Ekudzora Otomatiki uye Marobho Emhinduro
Zvigayo zvemazuva ano zvebhora zvinoshandisa masisitimu ekutonga otomatiki kudzora huwandu hwezvikafu. Masisitimu aya anoshandisa masensa-based feedback loops kudzora huwandu hwezvikafu, huwandu hweslurry, uye tembiricha munguva chaiyo. Semuenzaniso, masensa etembiricha pamamill inlets anotungamira kugadziriswa kwehuwandu hwezvikafu, kuchengetedza hunyoro hwakasanganiswa huri pasi pemiganhu yakakosha.
Makomputa nemakamera emaindasitiri anogona kuwedzera ma sensor inputs ekutarisa kwakazara, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe zvega zvichienderana nekusiyana kwehunhu hwekudya kana mutoro wemuchina. Iyi nzira yekugadzirisa mhinduro inoderedza kuvimba kwemushandi, inoderedza kusiyana, uye inowedzera kufambisa kwemhangura. Zvidzidzo zvedzidzo zvinosimbisa kuti masisitimu akadaro anowedzera kugadzikana kwemaitiro uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina.
Mhedzisiro yeKudzora Maitiro Epamusoro paKushanda Nesimba uye Kushandiswa Kwesimba
Masisitimu eAdvanced process control (APC) anoshandisa nzira dzakabatana, dzinozvishandira dzoga kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwekukuya uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba mukugaya bhora. Zvidzidzo zvemumunda pahunyanzvi hwekugadzira migodhi yemhangura zvinoratidza kuvandudzwa kwesimba rinobuda—sekuwedzera kubva pa541 kusvika ku571 tph—kana APC ichishanda. Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwepulp huchidzikira, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakananga kunodzikira neanopfuura 5%.
APC inogadzirisa maparamita ekukuya akadai sehuwandu hwakasimba, mutoro wemuchina, nguva yekukuya, uye kumhanya kwemuchina wekukuya. Kudzora uku kunosimudzira kukuya kwebhora kuti zvicherwa zvisaparare, kunoderedza kuwanda kwekupfekwa, uye kunobatsira mukufanotaura kwezvigayo zvebhora uye kuronga nguva yekugadzirisa. Kugadzikana kwemaitiro kunosimba, kuchienderana nezvinangwa zveindasitiri zvekuderedza mari yekushanda uye kuvandudzwa kwezviyero zvezvakatipoteredza.
Muchidimbu, kusanganiswa kwekuyera zvakananga, kutarisa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu, kudzora slurry inoshanduka, mhinduro dzinongoerekana dzaitika, uye maturusi ekugadzirisa maitiro epamusoro pamwe chete zvinoumba hwaro hwemitemo inoshanda, inofungidzirwa, uye inogara kwenguva refu yekudya kwebhora muzvicherwa zvemazuva ano.
Kuvandudzwa muBall Mill Design uye Energy Optimization
Kufambira Mberi Kwekuvaka Kwekuderedza Kushandiswa Kwesimba Mukugadzira Mhangura
Kuvandudzwa kukuru mukushanda kwebhora remugodhi wemhangura pakugadzira migodhi yemhangura kunotarisa pane zvivakwa zvinoderedza simba rinodiwa. Kufambira mberi kwakakosha kunosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu ekufambisa anoshanda zvakanaka, mapurasitiki akavandudzwa, uye magadzirirwo eganda akagadziridzwa.
Masisitimu ekufambisa anoshanda zvakanaka, akadai sePermanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushanda kwawo nesimba rakawanda uye kugona kwawo kutanga zvinyoro nyoro. PMSM dzinobatsira mukugadzira michina mitsva, kuderedza kudiwa kwesimba repamusoro, uye hupenyu hwemotokari hurefu, izvo zvinoreva kudzikisa mari inoshandiswa pakushanda uye kutenderera kwesimbi. Magadzirirwo esimbi akavandudzwa, achibatanidza zvinhu zvepamusoro uye geometries, anoderedza kuramba kwemukati kwekufamba uye anogonesa kusanganisa nekukuya simbi zvinobudirira.
Tekinoroji yeLiner inewo basa guru. Kufambira mberi kwezvinhu zveliner—serubha runodzivirira kupera uye magadzirirwo ecomposite—kunoderedza mwero wekupwanyika kwemidziyo yemagetsi, zvichideredza nguva yekusashanda kwemidziyo yebhora uye kugadzirisa. Makona ekumeso emutsigiri akagadziriswa, akasimbiswa ne discrete element method (DEM) simulations uye real-world trials, akaenzana ore lift uye trajectory length kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo uku achideredza kupera kwemidziyo yeliner. Kugadzirisa geometry yemutsigiri chete kunogona kukonzera kudzikiswa kwesimba kusvika ku6%, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza simba zvakanyanya.
Kazhinji, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji dzemuchina webhora unochengetedza simba kunoita kuti kushandiswa kwesimba kuderedzwa ne15–30% kusvika pa15–30%. Izvi zvinoonekwa kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kwezvishandiso zvemukati zvemuchina zviri nani uye kutamiswa kwesimba kumhangura panguva yekukuya.
Chigayo chebhora
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Masisitimu Ekudzora eKubatanidza Kumhanya, Kutakura, uye Kukuya Dunhu
Masisitimu ekudzora epamusoro anogonesa kugadzirisa maparamita akakosha ekushanda mukugaya bhora panguva chaiyo, kusanganisira kumhanya kwemuchina, mutoro webhora, uye kubatanidzwa kwemasekete ekukuya. Masisitimu aya anoshandisa mapuratifomu akadai seProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC) neSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), zvichipa vashandi mukana wekutarisa zvine simba uye kupindira otomatiki.
Semuenzaniso, mhinduro dze advanced process control (APC) dzinochengetedza kumhanya kwakakwana kwemuchina wekugaya uye zvinangwa zvehukuru hwekukuya, dzichishandisa mhinduro chaiyo kubva pakuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemagetsi uye zviratidzo zvemamiriro edunhu. Kuchaja kwemuchina wekugaya otomatiki kunogadzirisa huwandu uye rudzi rwemuchina wekugaya, kudzivirira zviitiko zvekuchaja zvishoma kana zvakanyanya zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina wekugaya uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba.
Kubatanidzwa kwemaitiro aya kunobatanidza chigayo chebhora nemichina yekugadzirisa zvicherwa iri kumusoro nepasi, zvichiita kuti pave nekugadzirisa mashandiro akazara. Kuchinja kwekudya kwemhangura kana mashandiro edunhu kunokurudzira mhinduro dzekudzora nekukurumidza dzinochengetedza kushanda zvakanaka, kudzikamisa saizi yechigadzirwa, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.
Kubudirira Kwezvakatipoteredza Nehupfumi Kubva Mukugadzira Mabhora Akagadzirwa Nesimba
Kushandiswa kwenzira dzekugadzira zvicherwa dzinoshandisa simba rakawanda kunounza mabhenefiti makuru ezvemamiriro ekunze nemari. Kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi kunoderedza mari yekushandisa, izvo zvinogona kureva chikamu chikuru chemari inoshandiswa nemugodhi wemhangura. Kune mafekitori anoshandisa zvicherwa zvakawanda, kuchengetedza mari kubva mumagadzirirwo anoshanda nesimba uye masisitimu ekudzora kwakakosha.
Panyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, kudiwa kwesimba kushoma kunoderedza zvakananga kuburitswa kwecarbon, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo uye zvekuchengetedza nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, kuvandudzwa kwekushanda zvakanaka kwedunhu rekukuya kunoderedza kudiwa kwemaitiro anoshandisa simba zvakanyanya pasi pekuchera mhangura. Mazinga eruzha uye kusvibiswa kwemafuta, matambudziko anogara aripo mumigodhi yechinyakare, zvinodererawo nekushandiswa kwemadhiraivha epamusoro uye mapurasitiki akagadziridzwa.
Kuvandudzwa kwemashandiro akadai sema "grate discharge systems" kunowedzera kuburitswa kwematombo uye kunosimudzira kugayiwa kwebhora kuti zvicherwa zvibude ukuwo kuchideredza kugayiwa zvakanyanya—chinhu chakakosha mukuwedzera kudzoreredzwa kwezvinhu uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa.Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemukatimumigodhi inoita kuti maitiro acho aenderane, zvichitsigira kuchengetedza simba uye kugadzirisa zviwanikwa.
Mhedzisiro yacho yose iri kuwedzera kukuru mukubudirira kwehupfumi uye kuenderera mberi kwemabasa ekugaya simbi dzemhangura.
Kuenzanisa Kusunungurwa Kwezvicherwa uye Njodzi Yekukuya Zvakanyanya
Kuwanda kwezvikafu kwakabatana zvakananga nekushanda zvakanaka kwezvicherwa mukugadzira migodhi yemhangura. Mukushanda kwemuchina wekugaya bhora, kuwanda kwakasimba kwakasarudzwa zvakanaka muchikafu chegorosi kunogona kukurumidzisa kuwanda kwezvicherwa uye kuwedzera kusunungurwa ukuwo kuchideredza kushandiswa kwesimba zvisina kufanira. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti, kuti bhora rigaye zvakanaka, kuwanda kwezvikafu zvakanyanya kunotungamira mukuungana kwezvikamu, zvichikanganisa kusunungurwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugaya. Pahuwandu hwakaderera, kupwanyika hakushande zvakanaka, uye kusasununguka kunogona kuitika, zvichiratidza kuti chiyero chinodiwa kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakanaka.
Hukama Pakati Pekudya Kunonamira, Kukuya Midhiya, uye Kubudirira Kwerusununguko
Rudzi nehukuru hwechinhu chinogayiwa zvinokanganisa zvikuru kusunungurwa kwechinhu mukugadzirisa zvicherwa. Mabhora esimbi akajairika asi anogona kukurudzira oxidation pamusoro, zvichibatsira kusvetuka kwechinhu muzvinhu zvakaita sepyrite uye zvingangoderedza kusvetuka kwechinhu muzvinhu zvakaita sechalcopyrite. Kusiyana neizvi, chinhu chinogayiwa seNano-ceramic chinowanzo kurudzira kusvetwa kwechinhu muzvinhu zvinounganidza xanthate, zvichiwedzera kusunungurwa kwechinhu muchinhu uye kudzoreredzwa kwacho. Humbowo hwekuedza huchishandisa scanning electron microscopy uye flotation tests hunotsigira izvi zvinokonzerwa nechinhu muchinhu.
Uyezve, kuumbwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinozadzwa nemagetsi zvinokanganisa mashandiro ekukuya uye kutamiswa kwesimba. Kugoverwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi kwakanyatsonaka kunowanzo buritsa huwandu hwakawanda hwekusunungurwa asi kunogonawo kuwedzera njodzi yekukuya zvakanyanya kana zvikasatarisirwa zvakanaka. Kuwanda kwekupwanyika kwemidziyo yemagetsi, mabhora emuchina wekugadzira michina uye kugadziriswa kwayo, uye kurodha michina yemagetsi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakakwana kuti pave nenzvimbo yakanaka yekukuya yekuchera mhangura.
Maitiro Ekuderedza Kukuya Zvakanyanya: Kugadzirisa Nguva Yekugara uye Kusanganiswa Kwenhau
Kukuya zvakanyanya—kudzikira kwezvicherwa zvinokosha kuita zvidimbu zvidiki-diki zvakanyanya—kunokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kweflotation uye kunaka kwe concentrate. Kuti izvi zvidzivise, kugoverwa kwenguva yekugara (RTD) mukati memuchina webhora kunofanirwa kugadziriswa. Mukuita, nzira dzetracer uye maRTD models (N-series reactors) zvinogonesa kutarisisa kwakarurama nguva yekugara. Data rinoratidza kuti nguva yekugara iri pakati pemaminitsi 1.7 kusvika 8.3 mumichina yebhora yeindasitiri inobvumira rusununguko rwakanyanya pasina kucheneswa zvakanyanya.
Musanganiswa wemidziyo yakagadzirwa zvakanaka unotarisa kusunungurwa uye njodzi yekukuya zvakanyanya. Kushandisa musanganiswa wemhando dzemidziyo uye saizi, zvichibva pamigodhi yesimbi uye saizi yekukuya yakanangwa, kunoita kuti chigadzirwa chive chakapfava uye kunowedzera kusunungurwa kwemidziyo. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa simbi nemidziyo yeceramic, kana kusiyanisa kugoverwa kwehukuru hwebhora zvichibva pakushandisa kinetic modeling, kunogadzirisa chimiro chekupwanyika, zvichideredza kubuda kwezvidimbu zvinogona kukonzera slime coating uye kusasarudza zvakanaka kweflotation.
Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemuchina mukuchera, uchishandisa maturusi akadai seLonnmeter, kunopa mhinduro chaiyo panguva chaiyo pamusoro pekuwanda kwezvikafu zvemuchina. Izvi zvinobatsira kugadzirisa mashandiro nekukurumidza, kuchengetedza nzvimbo yekukuya yakakodzera kusunungurwa kwezvicherwa uye kuderedza nguva dzenjodzi huru yekukuya zvakanyanya. Mabhenefiti ekuyera huwandu hwemuchina muchina anowedzera kusvika pakushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina webhora uye kunaka kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinosanganiswa.
Mhedzisiro Pakudzoreredzwa Kwemhangura Uye Hunhu Hwayo
Kusunungurwa kwakanaka inzira yakanaka yekudzoreredza mhangura yakawanda uye giredhi re concentrate. Kana kugayiwa kwebhora kuti kubviswe zvicherwa kwakaringana zvakanaka, zvicherwa zvemhangura zvakasunungurwa zvinokwanisika kuparadzaniswa nekudonha, zvichivandudza mwero wekudzoreredza. Zvidzidzo zvinosimbisa kuti kugayiwa kwenguva pfupi uye sarudzo dzemidziyo yekusarudza zvinowedzera rusununguko rwezvicherwa zvemhangura kubva kugangue, zvichibatsira zvakananga kusarudza kuyerera uye kuchena kwe concentrate.
Zvisinei, kudzikiswa kwakanyanya kwehukuru nekuda kwekukuya zvakanyanya kunoita kuti zvikamu zvidiki zvisanyanya kuungana uye kuve neslime coating. Zvidimbu izvi zvakaoma kudzoreredzwa zvinobudirira kana zvichidonha, zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwe copper concentrate, uye zvinogona kuwedzera ma gangue minerals asingadiwe nekuda kwekusasarudzwa zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, kuwanda kwekuchekwa kwemidziyo yekukuya mumagayo akazara zvakanyanya kunowedzera mari yekushanda nekugadzirisa.
Nekubatanidza huwandu hwezvikafu zvinodzorwa, nguva yekugara yakagadziridzwa, uye kusanganiswa kwemidziyo yekukuya zvine hungwaru, kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina wekukuya kunowedzera. Nzira iyi inopa zvicherwa zvemhangura zvakasununguka zvakavimbika, huwandu hwepamusoro hwekuburitsa, uye mhando yekusimbisa inogara iripo, zvichienderana nemaitiro akanakisa mukushandisa michina yekugadzirisa zvicherwa uye matekiniki ekugadzirisa migodhi yemhangura.
Kugadzirisa Maitiro Emigodhi Yemhangura: Zvinokonzera Hupfumi Uye Kushanda Kwayo
Mari yekushanda mukugadzira migodhi yemhangura inotsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda zvine chekuita nazvo. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvinosanganisira kusarudza nekupfeka kwemidziyo yekukuya, mashandiro emuchina wekukuya, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kusiyana kwekudya kwesimbi. Kubudirira kwekugadzirisa mashandiro kunoenderana nekunzwisisa nekugadzirisa mashandiro aya kuti kuwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi uye mashandiro esimbi.
Kugaya zvinoumba chikamu chikuru chemari yekushandisa bhora muchina wekugaya. Rudzi, dhayamita, uye zvinhu zvemuchina wekugaya zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushandiswa kwesimba, kinetics yekugaya, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekusunungurwa kwezvicherwa mukugadzira mhangura. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti michina yekugaya yakakura, yakaita semabhora e15 mm, inogona kuderedza nguva yekugaya uye kushandiswa kwesimba kusvika ku22.5% zvichienzaniswa nehukuru hudiki, zvichishandura kuchengetedza kwakakosha kwekushanda uye throughput yakakwira. Nzvimbo yepamusoro payuniti yega yega simba rinoiswa muchina inzira chaiyo yekuongorora kushanda kwemidziyo yekugaya kupfuura huwandu hwese kana huwandu. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemidziyo, zvakaita sesimbi kana zveceramics, kunokanganisawo mwero wekupfeka uye maitiro ekupwanyika kwezvicherwa, zvichiwedzera kukanganisa hupenyu hwekushanda uye kudzoreredzwa kwemhangura. Munzvimbo dzekugaya mhangura, ngura yemidziyo yesimbi inogona kuwedzerwa nesulfides, zvichida kufungwa zvakanyanya pakusarudza mhando dzemidziyo kuti zvienzanise mutengo uye kushanda kwenguva refu.
Midziyo yemichina yebhora ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekufunga nezvemutengo uye mashandiro. Iyo liner geometry uye chimiro chayo zvinodzivirira goko remichina, zvinopesvedzera nzira yekukuya, uye zvinoita basa guru mukuona kushanda zvakanaka kwekukuya. Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura kunosanganisira kuenzanisa kwemakombiyuta uye kugadzirisa iyo liner geometry, izvo zvakaderedza kupera kwe liner, zvakavandudza kuputsika kwezvikamu, uye zvakaderedza nguva yekusashanda kwe michina. Kushandiswa kwekudzidza kwemuchina kwekufanotaura kupfeka kwe liner, pamwe chete nekufambira mberi mukuita otomatiki kwe liner, kunoderedzawo mari yekugadzirisa uye kukanganiswa kwekushanda. Semuenzaniso, mwero wezvikanganiso zvekudzidza kwemuchina wakaderera se5-6% zvakataurwa mukufanotaura kupfeka kwe liner, kutsigira manejimendi ye liner inoshanda uye kugadzirisa kuwanikwa kwe mill.
Kushandiswa kwesimba kuchiri chinhu chikuru chinonetsa hupfumi mukugaya bhora kuti zvicherwa zvisaparare. Kugaya ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera kushandiswa kwesimba kwemugodhi wemhangura. Zvishandiso zvitsva zvakaita semadhiraivha anochinja-chinja uye mota dzisina magiya dzakachengetedza simba ne15-30%, zvichidzikamisa macircuit ekugaya uku zvichideredza kuburitswa kwemhepo nemitengo. Kuvandudzwa uku kwechimiro netekinoroji kunoderedzawo kugaya zvakanyanya, zvichitsigira kudzoreredzwa kwemhangura uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemidziyo munzira dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa.
Kusiyana kwezvikafu kunounza kuomarara kwekushanda uye kusagadzikana kwemitengo kune cheni yemichina yekugadzira zvicherwa. Kusiyana kwekuumbwa kwematombo, huwandu hwehunyoro, uye saizi yezvidimbu zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwekugaya, kubuda kwemvura, uye mwero wekudzoreredza mhangura. Kuti zvidzivise mhedzisiro iyi, masisitimu epamusoro ekutarisa zvikafu—kusanganisira vaongorori vezvinhu munguva chaiyo uye masensa ehunyoro—anogonesa kusanganisa kwakanyatsojeka uye kudzora kwakasimba kwemaitiro ekugaya. Kudzora uku kwefeedforward kunovandudza kuronga, kunoderedza marara, uye kunogadzirisa mashandisirwo e reagent, zvese izvi zvinoderedza mutengo uye zviratidzo zvezvakatipoteredza.
Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro anochinja-chinja, kwakagadzirirwa mhando yematombo uye data rekushanda kwemuchina webhora munguva chaiyo, kwakakosha pakuchengetedza throughput uye kugadzirisa zvese mari yekudzoreredza uye yekushandisa. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemukati, kwakaitwa kuburikidza nemasensa eLonnmeter akasimba enguva chaiyo, ikozvino kwave chinhu chakakosha pamaitiro ekudzora anoshanda. Zvinowanikwa kubva kumidziyo yekuyera huwandu hwemukati zvinodzikamisa macircuit ekukuya, zvinoderedza kuwanda kwemafuta, uye zvinovimbisa chiyero chakakodzera chemvura yakasimba kune yega yega simbi inosanganiswa uye mamiriro emuchina. Data kubva kumidziyo iyi inotsigira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kune maparamita ekukuya uye reagent dosing, zvichitungamira mukushanda kwakanyanya kwekukuya uye kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi kwenguva refu.
Pakupedzisira, kubatanidzwa kwezvinangwa zvekugadzirisa zvicherwa—kuwedzera simba rekushandisa, kugadzirisa kudzoreredzwa kwezvinhu, uye kudzora mitengo zvakanyanya—zvinoenderana nenzira yakazara yekugadzirisa maitiro ekugaya bhora. Kubatanidza sarudzo dzemichina yekukuya, manejimendi yemuchina, nzira dzekuderedza simba, kudzora kusiyanisa kwekudya, uye kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo kwakakosha kuti pave nebudiriro yehupfumi nekushanda mukuchera mhangura.
Kutsvaga Misiyano uye Mikana muKudzora Kudya kweBall Mill
Kushanda kwemugodhi webhora mukugadzira mugodhi wemhangura kunonyanya kushandisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa uye nzira dzekudzora chikafu. Mabhuku aripo iye zvino anoratidza mipata yakawanda yekutsvagisa uye mikana yetekinoroji yekuvandudza kuburitswa kwezvicherwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekukuya.
Mhedzisiro yeMisanganiswa yeMidhiya yeKukuya paKusunungurwa kweMineral
Kusanganisa mhando dzemidziyo yekukuya—senge mabhora akatenderera ane maumbirwo akatenderera kana asina kurongeka—kunogona kukanganisa kinetics yekukuya uye kusvibiswa kwemineral. Kudyidzana kwezvinhu zvakawanda (semuenzaniso, simbi isina kusimba, simbi isina kusimba) uye geometries zvinoshandura mashandiro ekupfeka, kutamiswa kwesimba, uye kusunungurwa, asi mhedzisiro pakuparadzaniswa kwemhangura yesulfide ichiri kuongororwa zvishoma. Zvidzidzo zvekuenzanisa zvinoratidza kuti kukuya kwakanyorova nemabhora esimbi asina kusimba kunowedzera kudzorerwa kweflotation nekupesvedzera mineral surface chemistry uye pulp selectivity mukukuya kwemhangura. Kusiyana neizvi, michina yekukuya yesimbi isina kusimba yakawedzera mwero wekudonha kuburikidza nekuchinja kwekudyidzana kwegalvanic uye pulp potentials, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadai seNorthparkes copper mine. Pasinei nekufambira mberi uku, kubatana kwemaumbirwo emidziyo yekukuya pamwe chete nezvinhu pakusununguka kwakabatana uye kushandiswa kwesimba hakuna kunyatsotsanangurwa. Mibvunzo mikuru ichiripo maererano nemusanganiswa wakakodzera wemhando dzeore, pesvedzero pakudonha kwemvura pasi, uye nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuronga michina yekukuya yekubvisa mineral inodhura. Kugadzira mamodheru uye data rekuyedza rekugadzirisa marongero emidziyo anowedzera kushanda kwekusununguka kunodiwa nekukurumidza kuti kunatsiridze kukuya kwebhora kuti kusunungurwa kwemineral uye kuburitswa kwemhangura.
Simba reMamiriro eMidhiya uye Kuwanda Kwawo Pakushanda kweMill
Chimiro chemichina yekukuya chinoumba zvakanyanya maitiro emutoro wemichina, mwero wekutyoka, uye kudhonza kwesimba. Michina yebhora yakatenderera inowanzoita mwero wekutyoka wakakwira, kunyanya kune chikafu chakakora, nepo michina yecylindrical (cylpebs) ichida simba rakawanda pakumhanya kwakaderera. Kuwanda kwemichina kunosarudza kufambiswa kwesimba remagetsi uye kunokanganisa mwero wekubuda. Zvidzidzo zvekuyedza zvinoratidza kuti dhayamita dzemichina dzakasiyana dzinoderedza nguva yekukuya uye dzinoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kune saizi diki dzezvigadzirwa, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwesarudzo yekuchinja kwemaitiro mukugadzirisa maitiro ekugaya bhora uye matekiniki ekugadzira michina yemhangura. Zvisinei, kubatanidza chimiro chemichina nekuwanda kwayo mumamodeli ekufanotaura ekushandiswa kwesimba hakusati kwakwana. Kusimbiswa kwechokwadi uye kutevedzera kwemakombiyuta hazvisati zvakakwana, zvichiomesa kuita sarudzo kune vanoshanda mumichina yemhangura vari kutsvaga kuenzana kushanda zvakanaka, mapurasitiki emuchina webhora nekugadzirisa, uye mwero wekupfeka kwemichina yekukuya. Zvidzidzo zvinogara zvichida kuferefetwa kwakadzama kwekuti chimiro, huwandu, uye kugoverwa zvinobatana sei kuti zvipesvedze kushanda zvakanaka kwemichina yekukuya bhora uye kugoverwa kwehukuru hwechigadzirwa.
Mikana Yeramangwana Yekushandiswa Kwakawedzerwa Kwesimba Renguva Yechokwadi uye Zvishandiso zveSaizi yeParticle
Kuyerwa kwe inline density otomatiki mumigodhi kunopa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekudzora maitiro ekugaya bhora. Masisitimu enguva chaiyo—kusanganisira acoustic signal analysis, spatial filter laser probes, uye machine vision—anobvumira kuenderera mberi nekutevera huwandu hwekudya uye kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvikamu. Zvishandiso zvakaita seLonnmeter zvinoshandisa matekiniki ekuyera inline ane patent, zvichiongorora zviuru zvezvikamu pasekondi kuti zvive nehukuru hwakarurama uye hunhu hwekuyerera. Matekiniki ekuona kweacoustic nemashini akasimbiswa zvakavimbika zvichienderana nesampuro yechinyakare mumichina yekugadzira zvicherwa, zvichitsigira kudzora kudya panguva chaiyo uye kuderedza kukuya zvakanyanya. Mabhenefiti ekuyera inline density anosanganisira kunonoka kushoma kwesampuro, kugadzirisa nekukurumidza maitiro, kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa, uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa. Masisitimu aya anomiririra mikana yakakosha yekushanda kwebhora migodhi nekugonesa kutarisa zvakananga mamiriro ekudya uye kugadzirisa otomatiki kwekushanda kwebhora migodhi. Kuiswa kwavo kunogona kusimudzira kuburitswa kwemhangura, kuderedza kuvimba nesampuro nemaoko uye mhinduro ukuwo zvichitsigira kutonga kwakasimba uye kunopindura kwekushanda kwematombo.
Kuenderera mberi kwekushanduka kwenzira dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa kunoda kuti mipata iyi yekutsvagisa—kunyanya muhunhu hwemichina yakasiyana-siyana, kutevedzera michina, uye kuyerwa kwenguva chaiyo—iunganidzwe kuti ipe mashandiro akanaka uye anogarika muchikamu chemigodhi.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
Chinangwa chekukuya simbi muchina wekugadzira zvicherwa ndechei?
Michina yekukuya yakakosha pakuputsa zvidimbu zvemhangura mumichina yekukuya, zvichibvumira kusunungurwa kwezvicherwa zvinobudirira. Michina yakadai semabhora esimbi akaumbwa, mabhora emhando yepamusoro yechromium, mabhora eceramic, uye cylpebs inowedzera kushanduka kweore kuburikidza nekudonha nekudonha. Rudzi, saizi, uye huwandu hwemichina yekukuya zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwemuchina wekukuya, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye mari yekushanda. Semuenzaniso, michina yekukuya ine chromium alloy inoderedza kusangana kwegalvanic nemamineral esulfide, izvo zvinodzikamisa pulp chemistry uye zvinovandudza kusarudza muzvikamu zvekudonha pasi zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa musimbi yakaumbwa. Michina ine resistance yakakura yekupfeka uye density yakakwana inoderedza kusvibiswa uye inoderedza mwero wekupfeka kwemichina yekukuya, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kugadzirwa kwemuchina wekukuya uye mwero wekudzoreredza mhangura.
Kuwanda kwezvikafu zvinodyiwa kunokanganisa sei kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina webhora mumigodhi yemhangura?
Kuwanda kwezvikafu zvinoreva huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba—mhangura—mutsvina inopinda mubhora. Iyi parameter ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwebhora mubhora uye kusunungurwa kwezvicherwa. Kushanda nehupamhi hwetsvina hwakakwana uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba kunodzivirira kukuya zvisina kukwana uye zvakanyanya, kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba uye kuwedzera kudzoserwa kwemhangura. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuwanda kwakanyanya kwakasimba kunotungamira mukuungana kwezvikamu uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba, nepo kuwanda kwakanyanya kunoderedza kushanda kwenzira dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa. Kuwanda kwakakodzera kwezvikafu uye mwero wekuzadza (kazhinji kunenge 56% yemabhora uye 0.70 yehupfu) kunoita kuti pave nekudzikiswa kwakanyanya kwehukuru hwezvikamu uye mutengo wakaderera wekushanda.
Chii chinonzi Inline Density Measurement uye nei ichikosha pakugaya bhora?
Kuyera Mutsetse Wekurema inzira yekudzora maitiro inoteedzera huwandu hwetsvina panguva chaiyo painopinda mudunhu remuchina webhora. Matekinoroji akadai semasensa e ultrasonic, ceramic-based anopa kuverenga kusiri kwenyukireya, nekukurumidza, uye kwakarurama, zvichipa kudzivirira kukuru kwekukwesha uye kuchengetedza kushoma. Mhinduro iyi yekukurumidza pamusoro pekuenderana kwekudya inobvumira vanoshanda kugadzirisa nekukurumidza mashandiro emuchina webhora kuti vagone kukuya zvakanaka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, matekiniki ekugadzira migodhi yemhangura anobatsirwa nekuvandudzwa kwemuchina, kudzikiswa kwemari yesimba, kudzoreredzwa kwezvicherwa zvakanyanya, uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Kuyera mutsetse wekurema kunobatsira kugadzirisa mashandiro uye kuchengetedzeka nekutsiva nzira dzekare, dzakavakirwa pamwaranzi.
Sei nzira dzekukuya dzakasarudzwa kuti dzigaye bhora remhangura?
Kusarudza nzira yekukuya bhora remhangura kunoenderana nekuomarara kwesimbi, reactivity yemakemikari, uye zvinodiwa nefekitori yekugadzirisa. Nzira dzinogara kwenguva refu dzakadai semabhora emhando yepamusoro-chromium alloy akakodzera kune mabhora anokwesha, ane sulfide yakawanda nekuda kwekusakara kwawo uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemakemikari. Simbi yakagadzirwa inofarirwa kune nzira dzinoshanda zvakanyanya, nepo nzira dzeceramic dzichipa kutonga kwakarurama kwenzira dzekugadzirisa zvicherwa zvakanaka kwazvo. Chimiro—senge mabhora kana cylpebs—chinokanganisawo mwero wekutyoka uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Nzira yakaringana pakusarudza mhando yesimbi, kuwanda, uye saizi inovandudza kugayiwa kwesimbi kuti zvicherwa zvisunungurwe, inowedzera kunaka kwechigadzirwa, uye inodzora mitengo.
Magadzirirwo emuchina webhora unochengetedza simba anobatsira sei kugadzirwa kwezvicherwa?
Magadzirirwo emuchina webhora unochengetedza simba ane ma liner epamusoro, maumbirwo emakanika matsva, uye mota dzinoshanda zvakanaka. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganiswa kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kusvika ku30% mumabasa ekuchera mhangura. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa mota dzinogara dziripo dzisina magiya nema liner ane ma composite kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba, kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekutanga, uye kunowedzera simba rinobuda. Kugadzirisa mill yemuchina wemhangura ine masisitimu emazuva ano ekutumira zvinhu uye ma controllers akangwara kwakaratidza kuchengetedza simba kwegore negore uye kuwedzera mwero wekugadzirisa simbi. Kuvandudzwa kwakadaro hakungodzikisi mari yekushandisa chete asiwo kunoderedza zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye kukanganisa nharaunda, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo yekugadzirisa zvicherwa uye mhedzisiro yekuchera mhangura.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-25-2025
