Kusviba kwemvura inopwanyika neacid kunotarisa kumanikidzwa kwekupwanyika kwehydraulic kunodiwa kuti pave nekupwanyika uye kunodzora kupararira kwematombo. Kuyera nemazvo uye kudzora kusviba kwemvura kwakakosha pakugadzirisa geometry yekupwanyika, kutsigira kukura kwekupwanyika kwakakombama, uye kuona kuti acid yakapararira zvakaenzana pamativi ekupwanyika. Kusarudza kusviba kwakakodzera kunodzivirira kubuda kwemvura yakawandisa mukugadzirwa kwayo uye kunowedzera acid etching yekuwedzera kupwanyika, zvichizokanganisa kukura kwekupwanyika neacid uye zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta ishande zvakanaka.
Chinangwa Chikuru cheAcid Fracturing Fluid
Kurapa kwemvura inopwanyika neacid ndikochinhu chikuruchinhuial inkukurudzira duraofKuumbwa kweshale kunoratidzwa nekudzika kwemvura uye kudzika kwemvura. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvekudonha kwemvura zvakasikwa uye kuwedzera kudzoserwa kwemvura mumadhaka emvura nekugadzira nzira dzinofambisa mvura mukati mematombo akaomarara. Kupwanya acid kunoita izvi kuburikidza nenzira mbiri: kugadzira kupwanyika nekuisa acid yakamanikidzwa, uye zvichizowedzera nekucheka kupwanyika uku kuburikidza nekuita kweacid-rock kwakadzorwa. Izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta uye zvinovandudza kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakambokanganiswa nekukuvara kwekugadzirwa kana kusakwana kwemvura.
Dambudziko guru nderekugadzirisa nzira yekupwanya acid kuti ienderane ne lithology uye mashandiro enzvimbo inochengeterwa acid. Maitiro ekuita acid-rock uye acid-rock reaction rate zvinosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana ne mineralogy, pressure, tembiricha, uye kushandiswa kwe hydraulic fracturing fluid additives. Izvi zvinokanganisa kwete chete mwero uye maitiro ekucheka asiwo njodzi yekuvharika kwemaumbirwo, kuzvimba kwevhu, kana kusangana kwakashata kwe geochemical, zvese izvi zvinogona kukanganisa conductivity yekupwanyika uye kudzikamisa kubudirira kwenguva refu kwekugadzirwa.
Dziva reMafuta eShale
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Nheyo dzeAcid Fracturing muMatangi eMafuta eShale
Nzira dzekugadzira kutyoka
Kuumbwa kwetsandanyama mumatura emafuta eshale akasimba kunoenderana nekukunda kushushikana kwakanyanya mukati menzvimbo uye simba rematombo kuburikidza nekupwanya kwemvura kana kuti acid. Munzvimbo idzi dzisina kuzara, nzira huru dzekuyerera kwemafuta hadziwanzowanikwe. Nheyo iyi inosanganisira kubaya mvura yekupwanya mafuta neacid nekumanikidzwa kwakakwana kuti ipfuure kumanikidzwa kwekupwanya kwemvura yehydraulic—chishoma chinodiwa kuti pave nekutsemuka mumatombo. Maitiro aya anoenderana zvakananga nemakanika ematombo ekutanga: kana kumanikidzwa kwashandiswa kwapfuura chiyero chekupwanya, kutsemuka kutsva kunoumbwa, kazhinji kunotevera nzira dzekusasimba kwakaderera dzinotungamirirwa nemapuranga emubhedha, kutsemuka kwechisikigo, uye anisotropy yemakanika mukati medombo.
Kumanikidzwa kwekupwanyika kunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwedombo uye mvura inopwanyika. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti mvura yakaita seCO₂ inogadzira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekupwanyika uye network dzakaoma dzekupwanyika dzakaoma zvichienzaniswa neH₂O kana N₂. Maitiro acho anoenderanawo nesimba rekusimba kwechimiro, modulus yekusimba, uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzisina kusimba. Dzidziso yedaro rakakosha—inodzidziswa nerabhoritari uye bvunzo dzemunda—inoratidza kumanikidzwa kwekutanga kwekupwanyika kunodiwa sechikonzero chekusimba kwekumanikidzwa pamucheto wekupwanyika, ichifanotaura kuti kuwedzera kwekupwanyika kusina kugadzikana kuchaitika kupi uye rini.
Kuomarara kwenzvimbo yekupwanyika yakagadzirwa kunowanikwa zvakare nekutarisa kukura kwenzvimbo yekupwanyika mumitsetse yakakombama pane kuti ienderane nematanho akatwasuka. Maitiro aya anowedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo yekupwanyika inosimudzirwa. Maitiro akadai sekupwanyika kwemhepo inovhunduka anokonzera kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, zvichikonzera kutangazve uye kubatana kwemaputsika ayo anobatana, zvichibudirira kufamba nepakati pezvipingamupinyi zve lithological uye kusiyana kwe lamination. Kupwanyika kwakaoma, kwakawanda kwakaumbwa nenzira iyi kunowedzera nzvimbo yekudonhedza mvura uye kuvandudza mukana wekuwana mahydrocarbon akambova ega.
Kuumbwa kwetsandanyama kunoenderanawo nekubatanidza mamiriro enzvimbo uye kudzora mashandiro. Zvinhu zvenzvimbo—zvakadai sehurongwa hwekushushikana, kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo, ruzivo rwezvicherwa, uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzisina kusimba—zvinodzora nzira dzinogona kutorwa nekutsemuka kwenzvimbo. Kugadziriswa kweinjiniya, kusanganisira acid fracturing fluid formulation uye dynamic pressure management, kunogonesa kugadzirwa kwema network anonyatsoenderana nechimiro chechisikigo chedura.
Hunhu hweDziva Rinokonzeresa Kupwanywa kweAcid
Kupinda kwemvura shoma uye kuderera kwemvura zvinotsanangura hunhu hwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mafuta eshale. Zvese zviri zviviri zvinoderedza kufamba kwemvura yechisikigo, zvichiita kuti kupararira kwemvura kushande zvakanaka kuve kwakakosha pakugadzirwa. Muma matrix systems akasimba kwazvo, kutsemuka kunokonzerwa kunofanirwa kunge kwakakura zvakakwana kuti kubatanidzwe ne network dziripo dzema pore kana microfractures. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwekutsemuka neacid kunowanzo kuve kusina kuenzana nekuda kwekusiyana kwekugadzirwa kwematombo, mineralogy, uye magadzirirwo awo.
Kupinda nekubuda kwemvura zvinodzora kubuda kwemvura uye kutakurwa kweasidhi. Mumatombo ane maburi asina kusimba kana kuti maburi madiki akabatana, kubuda kweasidhi kunorambidzwa, zvichiita kuti acid etching mu hydraulic fracturing isashande zvakanaka. Kana nzira dzekubuda kweasidhi dzechisikigo dzisipo kana kuti dzine maburi akawanda, matekiniki ekuvandudza kubatana kwenzira anova akakosha. Mhinduro dzisina kunaka dzenzira dzekubuda kweasidhi dzechisikigo dzinogona kusanganisira kudzokororwa kwekupwanyika, kushandiswa kwe diverters, kana hybrid treatment sequences.
Kusiyana kwematombo—kusiyana kwezvikamu, kuwanda kwemaputsika, uye kugoverwa kwemaminerari—kunogadzira nzira dzakanakira kupararira kwemaputsika nekubuda kwemvura. Maitiro ekuita acid-rock uye acid-rock reaction rate zvinosiyana munzvimbo yese yemvura, kunyanya pedyo nenzvimbo dziri pakati pemarudzi akasiyana ematombo. Apo acid inosangana ne carbonate-rich streaks, kukurumidza kuita kunogona kugadzira upamhi hwemaputsika husina kuenzana uye mapatani ekuputsika kwemashizha. Izvi zvinogonawo kukurudzira kana kukanganisa kubatana zvichienderana nekusiyana kwenzvimbo.
Kubuda kwemvura inoyerera ndeimwe dambudziko mune shales dzakatyoka zvakasiyana. Kubuda kwemvura yakawanda munzvimbo dzine maburi akawanda kana kuti dzakavhurika kunogona kudzikamisa kuwedzera kwakanaka kwemaburi makuru anokonzerwa nekutyoka. Kusiyana neizvi, nzvimbo dzisina maburi akawanda dzinogona kukanganisa kupinda kweasidhi uye kuwedzera kwenetwork yekutyoka. Kugadzirwa kweasidhi inoputika - kusanganisira kushandiswa kweasidhi dzakasanganiswa kana dzakasanganiswa, uye zvinowedzera mvura zvakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwematombo - zvinokanganisa zvakananga mhedzisiro iyi, zvichibvumira vashandisi kuwedzera kuvhurika kwematombo uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta.
Kukurudzira kunobudirira munzvimbo idzi dzakaoma kunoda kutarisisa zvinhu zviviri: kudzora kwakanyatsojeka mashandiro ekupwanyika kwematombo uye kusimudzira zvakanangana kwenzvimbo dzekutakura matombo kuburikidza nekugadzira uye kushanda kwemvura inopwanyika ye hydraulic. Kucheka acid yekuwedzera kupwanyika kwematombo, kuyerera kwemvura, uye kupwanyika munzira dzakakombama zvakakosha pakukunda zvipingamupinyi zvekuzvarwa nazvo zvinokonzerwa nekusapinda kwemvura zvakanaka uye kusabatana kwakashata kwezvisikwa mumatura emafuta e shale.
Acid Fracturing Fluid: Kuumbwa, Kusviba, uye Mashandiro
Zvikamu uye Kugadzirwa kweAcid Fracturing Fluids
Kuumbwa kweasidhi inopwanya mvura kunotarisa pakugadzirisa masisitimu emakemikari kuti kuwedzere kufambiswa kwemapfupa uye kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta. Sisitimu yeasidhi inonyanya kushandiswa ihydrochloric acid (HCl), inowanzo kuve nehuwandu kubva pa5% kusvika 28%, inosarudzwa zvichienderana nereservoir lithology uye zvinangwa zvekurapa. Mamwe maasidhi anosanganisira organic acids senge acetic kana formic acid kuti ive yakapfava kana kuti yakapfava.maumbirwo anonzwa tembirichaMisanganiswa kana masisitimu eacid akarongwa anogona kushandiswa kushandisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana panguva yekurapwa.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoperekedza acid. Zvinodzivirira ngura, zvinosimbisa, zvinodzora iron, uye zvisiri zvinoumba maemulsifier zvinodzivirira machubhu, zvinoderedza kunaya kwemvura, uye zvinodzivisa kuumbwa kwe emulsion. Mapolymer ekugadzira ari kuwedzera kubatanidzwa sezvinhu zvinoumba machubhu—kazhinji kacho polyacrylamide (HPAM) kana kuti copolymers itsva—kusimudzira viscosity kuti acid igare zvakanaka, proppant suspension, uye kudzora kubuda kwemvura. Ma surfactants, ese ari anionic (semuenzaniso, sodium dodecyl sulfate) uye asiri ionic (semuenzaniso, ethoxylated alcohols), akakosha pakugadzirisa masisitimu efuro, kuwedzera kushanduka kwemvura, uye kuderedza kusimba kwenzvimbo kuti pave nekubatana kwakanaka kwematombo neasidhi.
Kudzora kubuda kwemvura uye kuchengetedza marara zvakakosha. Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa pakurasikirwa nemvura zvakaita sema polymers akagadzirwa nestarch kana epamusoro anogadzira zvinoderedza kupinda mu matrix, zvichiita kuti acid isaputsike. Zvinopwanya mvura—oxidative (semuenzaniso, persulfate) kana enzyme—zvinoiswa kuti zviparadze marara mushure mekurapwa, zvichideredza njodzi yekusara kwemvura uye kukuvara kwekugadzirwa kwayo. Zvisinei, kusangana nemvura inogadzirwa kana zvinopwanya mvura pasi pekupisa kunogona kukonzera kunaya kwemineral senge barite, zvichida kuongororwa kwakanyatsonaka kwesystem compatibility.
Mienzaniso yemafomura anofambira mberi inosanganisira:
- Masisitimu easidhi akaremara: kushandisa majeki esurfactant-polymer kuderedza mashandiro easidhi-dombo kuti apinde zvakadzama muzvikamu zvakasimba zvecarbonate.
- Mapolymers anodziya zvakanyanya, anotsungirira munyu (semuenzaniso, ma copolymers ekugadzira eP3A) ekusimbisa kusimba uye kusakara kushoma mumatsime akadzika.
- Kemikari yegirini, inosanganisira L-ascorbic acid, zvichiita kuti viscosity irambe iripo uye inodzivirira maantioxidant kusvika ku300°F pasina zvigadzirwa zvinogara kwenguva refu zvakatipoteredza.
Kuyerwa kweViscosity uye Kukosha kweAcid Fracturing
Kuyera kwakarurama kwe acid fracturing fluid viscosity kunodama viscometer ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakakwira (HPHT)inokwanisa kutevedzera kushushikana kwemugomba uye mapurofiti ekupisa. Matekiniki makuru anosanganisira:
- Ma viscometer anotenderera ekuona base viscometer.
- Ma HPHT viscometers ekuongorora maitiro e viscoelastic pasi pe cyclic thermal kana pressure loads.
Kukosha kwe viscosity kune zvakawanda:
- Maitiro Ekucheka uye Kuwedzera Kwekutyoka: Asidhi ine viscosity yakaderera inotungamira kune mapatani ehonye anotonga zvakanyanya kana kuti ma pitting etch; viscosity yakakwirira inokurudzira kukura kwenzira yakakura, yakafanana, ichitungamira zvakananga kufambisa maronda uye kugona kukura. Kuwedzera huwandu hwezvikobvu, semuenzaniso, kunoguma nenzvimbo yakakura yakachekwa uye kukura kwakaoma kwemaronda, sezvinosimbiswa nemiedzo yerabhoritari yekutarisa dhayi mumunda uye dhayi.
- Kusvikika uye Kupararira kweKutyoka: Mvura inonamira inodzora zviri nani kuiswa kweasidhi, ichikurudzira kupinda kweasidhi mumaputsika echipiri uye inowedzera nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta. Kuongororwa kwehuwandu uchishandisa zviyero zvekufambisa mafuta mushure mekuchekwa kunobatanidza kupenya kwakanyanya kune network dzakapararira uye dzinogara dziripo dzekufambisa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekugadzira hwakakwira.
Semuenzaniso, muMarcellus shale ine carbonate yakawanda, uchishandisa masisitimu eacid anozvigadzira ega kana kuti akabatana ne cross-linked—uko dynamic viscosity inochengetwa kunyangwe patembiricha yemugodhi—zvinoita kuti kupwanyika kwetsandanyama kuwedzere ne20–30% kana tichienzanisa neHCl isina kugadziriswa.
Kupindura kweAcid-Rock muAcid Fracturing
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Acid-Rock Reaction Kinetics uye Ukama Hwayo neViscosity
Maitiro ekuita acid-rock anokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekunyungudika kwemvura. Masisitimu echinyakare eacid anoita nekukurumidza nemamineral ecarbonate, achitarisa kunyungudika pedyo netsime uye achideredza kudzika kwekupinda. Masisitimu eacid akaremara, achishandisa viscoelastic surfactants kana polymer-acid emulsions, anoderedza mwero wekupararira kwema hydrogen ions, zvichideredza mwero wekuita acid-rock. Izvi zvinogonesa acid kuti ipinde zvakadzama mu low-permeability kana low-porosity formations isati yapera, zvichikurudzira etching yakakura uye kupwanyika kwenguva refu.
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemhinduro kunogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza ne:
- Kugadzirisa zviyero zve surfactant/polymer kuti zvienderane nekupararira kweasidhi zvakanaka.
- Kuisa acidizing muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana—kupinza acid yakanonoka uye yenguva dzose—kunoita kuti pave nekuyera kwepedyo nepakadzika uye kuumba kwakadzika, sezvakaratidzwa mukuyedza kwekuisa acid muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uko masisitimu ekuchinjana acid anoburitsa kucheka kwakarongwa uye kukurudzira kwakavandudzwa kwenzvimbo yemvura.
Mhedzisiro yekubatana inobva mukusanganiswa:
- Mapolymers akasanganiswa nema nonionic surfactants anogadzira kukora kwakasimba uye anowedzera kuramba kupisa nemunyu, sezvinosimbiswa nekuongorora kwehunhu hwe rheological uye jecha pasi pemamiriro emugodhi akaedzwa.
- Alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) blends, uye nanocomposite systems (semuenzaniso, graphene oxide-polymer), zvinovandudza zvose viscosity inodzora rate uye kugadzikana kweacid, ukuwo zvichibatsirawo kudzora profile uye kubvisa residual acid—zvakakosha pakugadzirisa acid fracturing mu heterogeneous natural seepage channels uye pakuvandudza kupora kubva pakudzika kwemvura shoma kana kuti low-porosity formations.
Kuongororwa kwegirazi re micro-model uye coreflood kunosimbisa kuti maformula aya akagadzirwa anowedzera nguva yekubatana neacid, kunonoka kuita nemaminerari, kunatsiridza nzvimbo yakachekwa, uye pakupedzisira kuwedzera kubuda kwemvura mudura remafuta, zvichiratidza hukama huripo pakati pekuumbwa kweacid fracturing fluid, viscosity, acid-rock reaction kinetics, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemudura.
Simba rePfuko Geometry pakupinda kweAcid uye Kubudirira
Maitiro ekutyoka kwechikamu—kunyanya kureba, upamhi (aperture), uye kugoverwa kwenzvimbo—zvinonyatsoona kupinda kweacid uye nokudaro kushanda kweacid fracturing. Kutyoka kwenguva refu, kwakafara kunokurudzira kuparadzirwa kweacid yakawanda, asi kushanda zvakanaka kunogona kudzikira nekuda kwe "kubudirira" kweacid, uko acid isina kushandiswa inokurumidza kusvika pamucheto wekutyoka isina kuita zvizere munzira. Kusiyana kwenzvimbo yekutyoka, kunyanya kutyoka kwakakamurwa kana kwakaomarara kunoumbwa nekuchekwa kusina kufanana, kunokurudzira kupinda kukuru nekupa nzira dzakanakira uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kweacid nguva isati yakwana.
- Kusiyana kwenzvimbo ine aperture:Nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa ne acid etching dzinochengetedza mafambiro emhepo pasi pekumanikidzwa uye dzinopa nzira dzekufambisa acid dzakanakira.
- Nzvimbo yenzvimbo:Kutsemuka kuri pedyo netsime remvura kunoita kuti acid iwanikwe zvakaenzana, nepo kutsemuka kuri kure kana kuti kwakasimba kunobatsira nekuiswa acid muzvikamu zvakasiyana kana kuchinjana kweacid/neutral fluid.
- Jekiseni rine nhanho dzakawanda:Kuchinjana acid ne spacer fluids kunogona kudzoreredza kuchekwa kweganda pamitsetse yakareba, zvichiita kuti ganda ripinde zvakadzama uye kukura kweganda rechisikigo uye rinokonzerwa nekutsemuka.
Ongororo dzemumunda nedzemurabhoritari uchishandisa micro-CT scanning uye numerally modeling zvinoratidza kuti geometric complexity uye roughness zvinodzora acid-rock reaction rates uye huwandu hwekupedzisira hwe permeability enhancement. Saka dhizaini chaiyo yeacid fracturing inoenderana zvakanaka ne acid system properties uye injection schemes ne reservoir-specific fracture geometries, zvichiita kuti fracture conductivity igare kwenguva refu uye oil recovery iwedzere.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Kupwanya Asidhi Zvinobudirira
Kusarudzwa kweMasisitimu eAcid uye Zvimwe Zvinowedzerwa
Kugadzirisa acid fracturing kunonyanya kuenderana nekusarudza masisitimu akakodzera easidhi. Masisitimu easidhi akaremara, akadai se gelled kana emulsified acids, akagadzirwa kuti aderedze acid-rock reaction rate. Izvi zvinoita kuti acid-rock reaction rate ipinde zvakanyanya pamwe nekutyoka uye kuveura acid kwakafanana. Kusiyana neizvi, masisitimu easidhi akajairwa—kazhinji hydrochloric acid isina kugadziriswa—anoita nekukurumidza, achiwanzo deredza kudzika kwe acid kupinda uye achideredza kuwedzera kwekutyoka, kunyanya muma carbonate nema shale reservoirs ane tembiricha yakakwira. Kuvandudzwa kwazvino kunosanganisira masisitimu easidhi akasimba, akagadzirirwa ma reservoirs ane tembiricha yakakwira, ayo anowedzera kudzosera shure reaction rates, kuderedza ngura uye kuwedzera kushanda kuburikidza ne acid action yakareba uye kuvandudzwa kwe rock disruption.
Kana tichienzanisa masisitimu akaremara kana akajairwa:
- Asidhi asina kugadzikanaZvinonyanya kufarirwa munzvimbo dzine acid yakawanda pedyo ne wellbor inoderedza kusvika uye kufanana kwekurapa. Ma acid aya akaratidzwa kuti anobatsira kukura zviri nani kwemaputsika ne acid uye anovandudza conductivity mushure mekutyoka uye nzvimbo yekubuda kwemafuta.
- Asidhi dzakajairikazvinogona kukwana pakurapa kusina kudzika kana munzvimbo dzinopinda mvura zvakanyanya uko mhinduro dzinokurumidza uye kupinda zvishoma zvinogamuchirwa.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinogadzirisa viscosity—zvakaita sezviya zvinoshandisa viscoelastic surfactants (VCA systems) kana kuti zvinoshandisa polymer-based gelling—zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakanangana nedura:
- Kupisa kwemvura inotonhorera uye mineralology zvinotungamira kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye mashandiro ezvinogadzirisa viscosity.
- Pakushandisa pakupisa kwakanyanya, ma gel breakers anochengetedza kupisa akadai se encapsulated oxidizing agents kana acid-etching capsules anodiwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti gelled acid inoputsika uye kuchenesa kwakaitwa mushure mekurapwa kunobudirira.
- Hunhu hwe viscosity hunofanirwa kugadziriswa kuitira kuti acid fracturing fluid irambe iripoviscosity yakakwanapanguva yekupomba (kuwedzera upamhi hwekutyoka uye kusungirirwa kwepropant) asi zvinogona kusvibiswa zvizere nema gel breakers kuti flowback ishande zvakanaka.
Kusarudza zvakanaka kwekuwedzera kunoderedza kukuvara kwekuumbwa, kunoita kuti acid etching ishande zvakanaka kuti iwedzere kutsemuka, uye kunowedzera kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura shoma uye dzine maburi mashoma. Kushandiswa kwazvino kunoratidza kuti maformula emvura anopwanyika neacid kubva kuVCA, ane magel breakers akanyatsoenderana, anopa kuchenesa kwakawedzerwa, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura, uye kukurudzira kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura zvichienzaniswa nemasystem ekare.
MaParameter Ekushanda Anokanganisa Kubudirira Kwekukurudzira Asidhi
Kudzora mashandiro panguva yekupwanya acid kunokanganisa zvakanyanya mhedzisiro. Zvikamu zvikuru zvekushanda zvinosanganisira mwero wepombi, huwandu hweasidhi inopinzwa, uye manejimendi yehuwandu hwepressure:
- Mwero wepombi: Inoona kumhanya kwekupararira kwemapundu uye geometry. Mwero wakakwira unokurudzira kupinda kweacid yakadzika uye kudyidzana kweacid nematombo kunoramba kuripo, asi unofanirwa kuenzaniswa kudzivirira kushandiswa kweacid nguva isati yakwana kana kukura kwepundu kusingadzoreki.
- Vhoriyamu yekuisa acid: Inokanganisa kureba nehupamhi hwemaputsika akachekwa neacid. Mavhoriyamu makuru anowanzo dikanwa kuti pave nekukwanisa kupenya zvishoma, kunyangwe kugadzirisa vhoriyamu yeacid pamwe chete nezvinogadzirisa viscosity kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvisina kufanira uku uchichengetedza conductivity.
- Kudzora kumanikidzwa: Kugadziriswa kwesimba repazasi pegomba uye pamusoro pegomba panguva chaiyo kunoita kuti kukuvara kurambe kwakavhurika, kunodzivirira kurasikirwa kwemvura, uye kunotungamira kuiswa kweasidhi munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekutyoka.
Mukuita, majekiseni eacid anoiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kana kuti anochinjana—apo mhando dzeacid kana viscosities dzinochinjana—zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinowedzera kuumbwa kwenzira, kukurudzira kukura kwekuputika kwakakombama, uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta. Semuenzaniso, kuisirwa kweacid inochinjana muzvikamu zviviri kunogona kugadzira nzira dzakadzika, dzinofambisa mvura, dzichipfuura nzira dzechikamu chimwe chete murabhoritari nemumunda.
Kuenzanisa nzira dzekuisa acid muzvikamu zvematangi nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kwakakosha. Mumatangi emvura ane shale ane mineralology yakasiyana-siyana uye fractures dzechisikigo, predictive modeling uye real-time monitoring zvinoshandiswa kutungamira nguva uye kutevedzana kwemajekiseni. Kugadzirisa kwakavakirwa pahunhu hwekutyoka (semuenzaniso, kurongeka, kubatana, kuvandudzwa kwenzira yekubuda kwemvura) kunobvumira vashandisi kugadzirisa maparamita ekushanda kuti vawedzere kukurudzira uye vasanyanya kukuvara.
Kufungidzira Modeling uye Kubatanidzwa kweData
Dhizaini yemazuva ano yekupwanya acid ikozvino inobatanidza mamodheru ekufanotaura anobatanidza maparamita ekushanda, hunhu hwemvura yekupwanya acid, uye conductivity mushure mekupwanya acid. Mamodheru epamusoro anosanganisira:
- Maitiro ekuita acid-rock uye chiyero, ichitora kuti chimiro cheasidhi uye kucheka zvinoshanduka sei mumamiriro ezvinhu emunda.
- Zvinhu zvakanangana nedhamuzvakaita sekupinza nekupinza, kusiyana kwemamineralogical, uye network dzekupwanyika dzakagara dziripo.
Mamodheru aya anoshandisa data rekuongorora, mhedzisiro yerabhoritari, uye kudzidza kwemuchina kufanotaura kuti shanduko mu viscosity, mwero wepombi, huwandu hweasidhi, uye ma profiles ekupisa zvinokanganisa sei matekiniki ekugadzira mavanga mu hydraulic fracturing uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo yemvura inoyerera kwenguva refu.
Nhungamiro huru mukuenzanisa zvirambidzo zvemumunda uye dhizaini yekushanda dzinosanganisira:
- Kusarudza viscosity uye acid formulation zvichibva pa acid-rock reaction kinetics inotarisirwa, tembiricha inotarisirwa, uye zvinangwa zvekupedzisa (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera porosity yakaderera rock permeability kana kugadzirisa matambudziko asina kunaka e natural seepage channel).
- Kushandisa nzira dzinotungamirirwa nedata kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekuisirwa acid, mwero wepombi, uye madhigirii ebreaker, kugadzirisa saizi yekutyoka uye kupora mushure mekurapwa.
Mienzaniso kubva mukushandiswa kwenzvimbo munguva pfupi yapfuura inoratidza kuti nzira idzi dzekufanotaura dzinowedzera kufambisa mafuta mushure mekutyoka uye dzinovandudza kufanotaura kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta, zvichiita kuti nzira dzekubvisa acid dzive dzakavimbika uye dzinoshanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakaoma dze shale ne carbonate.
Kuwedzera Nzvimbo Yekudhonza Mafuta Uye Kuchengetedza Kufambiswa Kwemafuta Acho
Kubviswa kweBlockage yeMaumbirwo uye Kuvandudzwa kweKubatana
Kuchera acid inzira huru mukushandiswa kwemvura inopwanyika acid kuti ikunde dambudziko rekuvharika kwemaumbirwo, zvakaita sekuunganidzwa kwecondensate uye scaling yemaminerari, mumatangi eshale. Kana acid—inowanzova hydrochloric acid (HCl)—yaiswa, inopindirana nemaminerari anoita se calcite ne dolomite. Iyi nzira ye acid-rock reaction inonyungudutsa mamineral deposits, inowedzera nzvimbo dzemaburi, uye inobatanidza maburi akambovanzwa, ichivandudza zvakananga porosity uye permeability mumatangi emafuta. Kuwanda kwe acid-rock reaction, pamwe chete ne acid fracturing fluid formulation chaiyo inoshandiswa, inosiyana zvichienderana ne shale mineralogy uye blockage composition.
Muma shales ane carbonate yakawanda, kuwanda kwakanyanya kweHCl kunoita kuti pave nekubviswa kwakanyanya uye kuvharika nekuda kwekuita kweacid-rock nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira. Kugadzirisa acid composition zvichienderana ne carbonate uye silicate zviri mudura kunogadzirisa maitiro ekubvisa, zvichigadzirisa nzira dzekubuda kwemvura dzechisikigo uye kugadzirisa mhinduro dzisina kunaka dzenzira dzekubuda kwemvura dzechisikigo. Kuomarara kwenzvimbo dziripo dzema fracture kunowedzera nekuda kwekunyungudika kweacid, zvichibatana zvakananga nekuwedzera fracture conductivity uye nzira dzinogara kwenguva refu dze hydrocarbons. Iyi nzira yakasimbiswa ne data rekuyedza rinoratidza kuvandudzika kukuru mukugadzirwa kwegasi uye injectivity index mushure mekurapa acid yakagadziriswa mu low-permeability formations.
Kufamba kwemhepo kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo dzakapwanyika kwakakosha pakugadzira mafuta eshale kwenguva refu. Nekufamba kwenguva, kupwanyika kunokonzerwa nemhepo kunogona kurasikirwa nekufamba kwemhepo nekuda kwekupwanywa kwemvura, kupatsanurwa kwemvura, kuiswa kwemvura, kana kufamba kwemafuta. Maitiro aya anoderedza nzira dzakavhurika dzinogadzirwa nekupwanywa kwemvura ne hydraulic fracturing, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kudzoserwa kwemahydrocarbons. Masvomhu ekuongorora uye zvidzidzo zverabhoritari zvinoratidza kuti pasina kutarisirwa kwakakodzera, kupwanywa kwemvura ne hydraulic kunogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kusvika 80% mumakore gumi. Zvinhu zvakaita sekumanikidzwa kwekuvhara, saizi yemvura ne fracture, uye hunhu hwepakutanga hwenzvimbo dzakapwanyika zvinoita basa rakakosha. Kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera uye kugadzirisa kumanikidzwa kwemvura ne downhole zvakakosha kuchengetedza nzira dzakakura dzinogadzirwa ne acid etching kuti mafuta ne gasi zvirambe zviripo.
Kuwedzera uye Kugadzirisa Network Yekutyoka
Kuwedzera nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta nenzira yehunyanzvi kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwakanaka uye kuiswa kwemaitiro e acid anodzorwa. Aya masisitimu e acid fracturing fluid ane zvinhu zvinowedzera - zvakaita se retarders, gelling agents, uye surfactants - kudzora kuiswa kwe acid, kudzora acid-rock reaction rate, uye kuderedza kubuda kwe fluid panguva yekurapwa. Mugumisiro wacho inzira ye etching yakanangwa zvakanyanya iyo inowedzera matekiniki ekugadzira fracturing mu hydraulic fracturing uye inotsigira kupararira kwe fracturing yekutanga neyechipiri (curved).
Masisitimu easidhi akadzorwa, kunyanya gelled uye in situ gel acids, anobatsira kudzora kuiswa uye kugara kwenguva refu kweasidhi mukati memaputsika. Masisitimu aya anononotsa kusangana kweasidhi nematombo, achiwedzera daro rekupinda uye achibvumira acid etching yakakwana kuti matombo awedzere kuputsika. Maitiro aya anowedzera huwandu hwematombo anosimudzirwa, anowedzera nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta, uye anogadzirisa matambudziko ane mhinduro dzisina kunaka dzemugero wekudonha kwemvura munzvimbo dzese dziri mbiri dzecarbonate neshale. Mienzaniso yemumunda inoratidza kuti matekiniki aya anogadzira network dzakakura uye dzakabatana dzekuputsika, zvichikonzera kudzoreredzwa kwemahydrocarbon akawanda.
Kuchengetedza kuvandudzwa kwekubvumidzwa kwemvura pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemvura inonaya inyaya inokosha. Kupararira kwematombo anotyoka mumatombo anotyoka zvakanyanya kunowanzoita kuti matombo atyoke kana kuti avharwe nguva isati yakwana, zvichikanganisa kufambisa mvura. Kudzivirira izvi, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa:
- Tekinoroji yekuboora yakabatana nekushushikana:Nzira iyi inobvumira kutanga nekupararira kwemavanga, zvichiita kuti pave nekuwirirana pakati pesimba rekukurudzira uye kuwedzera kwenetwork yemavanga. Semuenzaniso, munguva yeKuderera Kwesimba kweJiyang, tekinoroji iyi yakaderedza simba raidiwa ne37% uku ichivandudza kubatana uye mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza.
- Kurapa kwepre-acidization:Kushandisa masisitimu e polyhydrogen acid kana mamwe ma fluid e pre-acid fracturing kunogona kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwekupwanyika kwemavanga uye kuderedza kuvharika kwekutanga kwemavanga, zvichigadzira nzira yekugadzira mavanga anoshanda uye anogara kwenguva refu.
- Kuenzanisa kweGeomechanical:Kubatanidzakuyerwa kwekushushikana panguva chaiyouye kutarisa kwenzvimbo inochengeterwa mvura kunobvumira kufanotaura nekugadzirisa maparamita ekurapa acid, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza kufambiswa kwemvura yakapwanyika pasinei nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekushushikana aripo.
Nzira idzi—dzakasanganiswa nezvinhu zvinowedzera hydraulic fracturing fluid uye acid fracturing fluid formulation—dzinoita kuti permeability irambe iripo. Dzinobatsira vashandi vemafuta kuwedzera nekuchengetedza ma network ekupwanyika, dzichiwedzera porosity down porosity rock permeability uye dzichitsigira kubviswa kwezviwanikwa kwenguva refu.
Muchidimbu, kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemaitiro matsva ekucheka acid, masisitimu epamusoro anodzorwa eacid, uye nzira dzekupwanya fracturing dzakadzidziswa ne geomechanically, nzira dzemazuva ano dzekusimudzira matangi emvura ikozvino dzakatarisana nekuwedzera nzvimbo dzinoyerera mvura yehydrocarbon nekukurumidza uye kuchengetedza kufambisa fractility inodiwa kuti kugadzirwa kurambe kuchienderera mberi.
Mhedziso
Kuyera nekunyatsogadzirisa kusimba kwemvura inopwanyika neacid ndizvo zvakakosha pakuwedzera kugadzirwa kwekuputika, kushanda zvakanaka kweacid, uye kuyerera kwemvura mudura remafuta kwenguva refu mukugadzirwa kweshale. Maitiro akanakisa anotungamirirwa nekunzwisisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwesimba remvura mumamiriro edura, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwedata rerabhoritari neremunda kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro aro anoshanda.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Mubvunzo 1: Chii chakakosha pakuumbwa kweacid fracturing fluid viscosity mumatangi emafuta eshale?
Kusviba kwemvura inopwanyika neacid kwakakosha pakudzora kugadzirwa kwekukuvara nekupararira mukati menzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mafuta eshale. Mvura ine viscosity yakakura, senge crosslinked kana gelled acids, inogadzira kupwanyika kwakafara uye kwakawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti acid igare zvakanaka uye zvinoita kuti kubatana kweacid nematombo kuwedzere, zvichiita kuti acid-rock reaction ishande zvakanaka uye ive nechokwadi chekuti etching yakadzika uye yakafanana. Kusviba kwemvura kwakanyanya kunowedzera upamhi hwekupwanyika uye kuomarara, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kushanda kweacid etching yekuvandudza kupwanyika uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo yekudonhedza mvura yemugodhi wemafuta. Semuenzaniso, mvura yeCO₂ yakakora yakaratidzwa kuti inovandudza upamhi hwekupwanyika uye inochengetedza kupenya mushure mekurapwa, nepo mvura ine viscosity shoma ichigonesa kupwanyika kwenguva refu, kwakamanikana nekupararira kuri nyore asi kunogona kuisa njodzi yekucheka kana kutenderera kweacid. Kusarudza viscosity chaiyo mukugadzirwa kwemvura inopwanyika neacid kunoita kuti kupwanyika kwekugadzirwa kubudirire, kufambisa kupwanyika kwenguva refu, uye kuwedzera kukuru kwenzvimbo inoburitsa mvura.
Mubvunzo wechipiri: Kumanikidzwa kwekuputsika kwemvura mukuputika kwemvura kunokanganisa sei kugadzirwa kwekuputika kwemvura?
Kumanikidzwa kwekupwanyika ndiyo simba shoma rinodiwa kuti pave nekutyoka kwedombo panguva yekupwanyika kwemvura inoyerera. Munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mafuta eshale dzine mvura shoma, kutonga kwakanyatsojeka kwekumanikidzwa kwekupwanyika kwakakosha. Kana kumanikidzwa kwacho kwakaderera, kutyoka kunogona kusavhurika, zvichideredza kupinda kwemvura. Kwakakwira zvakanyanya, uye kutyoka kunogona kusadzoreka, zvichikonzera kupararira kwekukuvara kusingadiwe. Kudzora kwakakodzera kunokurudzira kutyoka kwemvura kuti kuitike munzira dzechisikigo uye kunyange nzira dzakakombama, zvichivandudza kukurudzira kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekutyoka kwemvura, kana kuchitarisirwa zvakanaka, kunogadzira network dzakaoma dzekutyoka uye kunowedzera kubatana kwakakosha kuti acid isvike uye icheke nzvimbo yakakura. Matekiniki akadai sekucheka maburi anoshandiswa kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwekutyoka kwemvura uye kudzora zviri nani kutanga kwekutyoka kwemvura, zvichikanganisa maitiro ekutyoka kwemvura uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekupararira kwemvura. Kudzora uku kwakadzidziswa kwekumanikidzwa kwekutyoka kwemvura inoyerera kwemvura ndiko kunonyanya kukosha pakugadzira nzira dzepamusoro dzekugadzira kutyoka kwemvura munzvimbo dzisina kujairika.
Mubvunzo wechitatu: Sei kuchekwa kweasidhi uye kukura kwayo kuchibatsira pakuderedza kupenya kwemvura uye kuderera kwekuyerera kwemvura?
Matangi emvura asina kuzara uye ane maburi madiki ane nzira shoma dzekubuda nadzo, izvo zvinodzivisa kufamba nekugadzirwa kwemafuta. Kucheka acid mu hydraulic fracturing kunoshandisa reactive fluids kunyungudutsa zvikamu zvedombo riri pamativi ekutyoka, nokudaro zvichiwedzera nzira idzi dzekuyerera. Izvi zvinoderedza kuvharika kwechimiro uye zvinopa nzira itsva dzemvura kuti mvura ifambe zvakasununguka. Nzira dzechangobva kushandiswa dzekusimudzira matangi, kusanganisira masisitimu e composite ne pre-acid, dzakawana conductivity yakawedzerwa, inogara kwenguva refu uye yakavandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta. Nzira idzi dzinokosha zvikuru pakuvandudza matangi emvura asina kuzara uye kuwedzera maburi madiki, sezvakaratidzwa muzvidzidzo zvemumunda nerabhoritari. Mugumisiro wacho kuwedzera kukuru mukubudirira kwetsime, nekutyoka kweacid uye kwakakura kuchishanda semigero yakawedzerwa yekuyerera kwehydrocarbon.
Mubvunzo wechina: Kupinda nekubuda kwematombo kunoita basa rei mukubudirira kwekupwanya acid?
Kupinda nekubuda kwemvura kunotarisa zvakananga kufamba kwemvura uye kuwanikwa kweasidhi mumatura emafuta. Matombo ane maburi madiki uye kupindira kwakaderera kunokanganisa kupararira nekushanda kwemvura inopwanyika neasidhi, zvichideredza kubudirira kwemabasa ekukurudzira. Kuti zvigadziriswe izvi, kugadzirwa kwemvura inopwanyika neasidhi kwakagadzirirwa zvakananga kusanganisira zvinowedzerwa zvekugadzirisa reaction uye zvinogadzirisa viscosity. Kuwedzera maburi kuburikidza neacid-rock reaction kunowedzera nzvimbo isina chinhu yekuchengetera hydrocarbon, ukuwo kuwedzera kupindira kwemvura kuchibvumira kuyerera zviri nyore kuburikidza nemanetwork ekupwanyika. Mushure mekurapwa neasidhi, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru kweporasity uye kupindira kwemvura, kunyanya uko nzira dzemvura dzechisikigo dzaive dzisina kunaka kare. Kuvandudza maparamita aya kunogonesa kupararira kwekuputika kwakanaka, huwandu hwekugadzirwa hunoenderera mberi, uye nzvimbo yakareba yekubata dura.
Mubvunzo 5: Kusangana kweacid-rock kunokanganisa sei kushanda zvakanaka kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yekudonhedza mvura?
Nzira ye acid-rock reaction inodzora kuti dombo rinonyungudika sei uye kuti kuputika kunochekwa sei uye kukura sei panguva yekupwanyika kwe acid. Kudzora kwakaringana kwe acid-rock reaction rate kwakakosha: nekukurumidza zvakanyanya, uye acid inoshandiswa pedyo ne wellbor, zvichideredza kupinda; kunonoka zvakanyanya, uye kupwanyika kunogona kusakwana. Nekugadzirisa reaction kuburikidza nekupenya kwemvura, kuwanda kwe acid, uye zvinowedzera, kupwanyika kwakanangana ne fracture faces kunowanikwa, zvichiita kuti fracture ibatanidzwe zvakanyanya uye zvakadzama. Modeling yepamusoro uye tsvakurudzo yerabhoritari zvinosimbisa kuti kugadzirisa acid-rock reaction kunotungamira kune fractures dzakaita se channel, dzinofambisa mafuta zvakanyanya izvo zvinowedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta. Semuenzaniso, fractures dzakachekwa ne acid-etched dzakanyorwa kuti dzinopa conductivity yakapetwa kashanu kupfuura fractures dzisina etched mu carbonate formations. Kugadzirisa nekungwarira kwe acid fracturing fluid composition uye injection parameters saka zvinosarudza zvakananga kukura uye kushanda kwekuvandudza nzvimbo yekudonhedza mvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-10-2025
