Dhunhu uye viscosity zvinoshanda sezvikamu zvakakoshaiKudhinda simende ye3D, vachiendakukanganisa zvakananga kudhindwa kwezvinhu, kusimba kwechimiro chechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, uye kubatana pakati pezvikamu zvakadhindwa.Inlinedensity uyetarisacosity kutarisainpmatombosinovimbisa kunaka kwakafanana mukati mebasa rekudhinda.
Chii chinonzi 3D Cement Printing?
Kudhinda simende ye3D, inozivikanwawo sekugadzira kongiri yekuwedzera, inoshandisa masisitimu otomatiki kuisa simende yemhando nechikamu, ichivaka zvivakwa zvakananga kubva kumamodeli edhijitari. Kusiyana nenzira dzechinyakare dzekukanda, maitiro ekudhinda kongiri ye3D anobvumira kugadzirwa kwemaumbirwo akaomarara uye geometries zvisingaite nemafomu echinyakare. Nzira dzekuvaka kongiri dzinozvigadzira dzega—dzakadai semaoko erobhoti, masisitimu egantry, uye misoro yekudhinda yakavakirwa paextrusion—dzinofamba zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yekombuta. Masisitimu aya anoburitsa musanganiswa mutsva wesimende kuburikidza nemuromo, achivaka zvivakwa zvekongiri zvakadhindwa zve3D zvine hurefu hwezvikamu zvakadzorwa uye mapatani.
Kudhinda Konkriti ye3D
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Kukosha kweKuwanda kweMaitiro & Kudzora Kusviba
Kubudirira uye kunaka kwemaitiro ekudhinda kongiri ye3D kunoenderana nekunyatso tarisa maparamita emaitiro akakosha, kunyanya kuwanda uye kusimba. Maparamita aya ndiwo akakosha pakukwanisa kudhindwa uye kuvaka kwemisanganiswa yepamusoro.
Kuwanda kwevanhu: Kuwanda kwekongiri panguva chaiyo kunokanganisa kusimba uye kuvimbika kwekongiri yakadhindwa mu3D. Kusazadzwa kwakakwana kwelayer kunoguma nekusazadzwa zvakakwana, kunetesa ma interlayer bonds uye kugadzira finishes isina kunaka pamusoro. Kuwanda kwelayer kwakafanana kunovimbisa hunhu hwakasimba hwemakanika uye geometry yakafanana pane chimwe chinhu chakadhindwa.
Kusviba: Kusviba kwemusanganiswa mutsva kunokanganisa kubuditsa, kugadzikana kwechikamu, uye kunaka kwenzvimbo. Kana kusviba kwakanyanya, kubuditsa kunogona kumira kana kuda kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwemidziyo. Kuderera zvakanyanya, uye musanganiswa unorasikirwa nechimiro mushure mekuiswa, zvichikonzera kuputsika kwechikamu uye geometry isina kunaka. Kusviba kwakakodzera, kunowanzo gadziriswa nezvinhu zvinogadzirisa kusviba kana nano-additives, kunotsigira kubuditsa nyore nyore uye kugadzikana, kwakagadzirwa zvakanaka.
Kudyidzana pakati pehuwandu uye viscosity kunoumba zvakananga hunhu hwakakosha hwekudhinda:
- Kuvaka: Kugona kuvakwa zvakanyanya zvinoreva kuti jira rega rega rakaiswa rinogona kutsigira jira rinotevera pasina kudonha. Kuwanda kwakakwana uye kusimba kwakagadzirwa zvakanaka zvinowedzera kuunganidzwa kwejira, nepo kuyerera kwakanyanya kuchikonzera kushanduka uye kusagadzikana.
- Zvivakwa zveMichina: Anisotropy inodhindwa neprinta inoita kuti simba remakanika rienderane negwara. Matanda akaungana, akasimba nguva dzose anopa simba rakanyanya rekudzvanya uye modulus yekusimba zviri nani zvichienzaniswa nemusanganiswa usina hunhu uhwu.
- Hunhu hwepamusoro: Hunhu hwepamusoro hunoenderana nemaitiro e rheological emusanganiswa. Kusviba kushoma kunovandudza kutsetseka kwepamusoro asi kunogona kukanganisa kugadzika kwepamusoro kana zvikashandiswa zvakanyanya. Kuwana kusviba kwakakodzera uye kushushikana kwemhedzisiro, kazhinji muhuwandu hwe 1.5–2.5 kPa, kunoenzanisa chitarisiko nekushanda kwechimiro.
- Kudhindwa uye Kubatana kweInterlayerThixotropy—kukwanisa kwechinhu kudzoreredza kunaka kweganda mushure mekuchekwa—kunoita kuti zvidimbu zvinamire zvisina kubatana zvakanyanya, zvichitsigira zvisungo zvakasimba zvepakati pezvikamu uye kuvimbika kwakapinza kwejometri.
Kuchinja kwehuwandu uye kusimba kwechinhu hakungokanganisi mashandiro einjiniya chete, asiwo kugona kwekuvaka kwakagadziriswa otomatiki. Kuwana kufanana uye kudzokorora mabhenefiti ekudhinda kwe3D kwekongiri kunoda kudzora kwakasimba uye kunochinjika kwezvikamu zvemaitiro aya makuru.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Mukugadzira Konkriti Yekuwedzera
Kuwanda kwesimbi mukudhinda simende ye3D
Kuwanda kwezvinhu chinhu chakakosha mukudhinda kwekongiri ye3D, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kugadzikana kwezvikamu uye geometry yekudhinda. Pakudhinda zvivakwa zvekongiri, kuwanda kwakanyanya kwemusanganiswa kunokurudzira kubatana kwakanaka kwezvikamu, izvo zvakakosha pakudzivirira kuparadzaniswa kwezvikamu uye kushanduka kwezvikamu. Kuunganidzwa kwezvikamu zvitsva zvakachengetwa, zvichikonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwezvibereko uye kuomarara kunowedzera nekufamba kwenguva, kunosarudza kuti zvikamu zvinotevera zvinonamatira uye zvakaunganidzwa sei. Kana chikamu chekare chikaoma pamberi pechimwe chikaiswa—kunze kwenguva yakareba yekushanda (MOT)—chisungo chinogona kupera simba, zvichikonzera kugadzikana kwezvikamu kana zvikanganiso zvinoonekwa.
Kugadziriswa kwe nozzle offset, filament overlap, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuwedzera zve cementitious (SCMs) zvakaita se fly ash kana slag zvinogona kuderedza porosity isingadiwe uye anisotropy, zvichiwedzera kunaka kwe mechanical uye geometric usahihi hwechimiro chakadhindwa. Semuenzaniso, tsvakiridzo inoratidza kuti fine-tuning deposition intervals uye overlaps kunoderedza voids uye kunoita kuti filament yakadhindwa irambe iripo, yakakosha kune zvivakwa zve 3D printed concrete zvakasimba.
Kuwanda kwekongiri kwakasanganiswa kunoitawo basa guru mukusimbisa simba kwenguva refu uye kugara kwenguva refu kwekugadzirwa kwekongiri. Kubatanidzwa kweSCM dzakadai semadota anobhururuka, madota emupunga, uye slag yakakuyiwa yekuputika, kana kushandisa ma aggregates akagadzirwa nealkali, kunochinja huwandu hutsva nehwakaporeswa, kazhinji zvichikonzera simba rakawanda rekumanikidza uye reflexural. Nekuwanda kwakagadziriswa, matekiniki ekudhinda ekongiri e3D anowana kuderera kwekubvumidzwa, kuramba kuri nani kurwisa makemikari, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwakareba, kunyanya kana ma aggregates nemaitiro ekugadzirisa akagadzirirwa kushandiswa.
Kuderera kwe porosity, kunowanzoitwa nekushandisa SCMs zvine hungwaru, kunogara kuchibatanidzwa nekuwedzera simba uye kugara kwenguva refu muzvinhu zvepamusoro zvekudhinda zve3D. Semuenzaniso, kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zveSCM kunowanzo ratidza kushanda kuri nani pamazuva makumi maviri nemasere, makumi matanhatu, uye makumi mapfumbamwe mushure mekugadzika, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwedhizaini yakatarisana nehuwandu hwekugadzikana nekukurumidza uye kushanda kwenguva refu.
Kudzora Kusviba muMaitiro Ekugadzira Simende Yekuwedzera
Kudhindwa kwechinhu chinowedzerwa simende kunoenderana nekudzora kwakanyatsonaka kwe viscosity. Kusviba kunodzora kufamba kwechinhu chinosanganiswa; kuderera zvakanyanya uye zvinhu zvinodonha, zvakanyanya uye kupomba kunokanganisa, zvichikanganisa maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvinowedzerwa simende. Kudhindwa kunoda kuenzana: musanganiswa unofanira kupfuura nyore nyore nemumapombi nema nozzles, wobva wakurumidza kuwana viscosity yakakwana—kuburikidza nemaitiro ethixotropic kana shear-thinning—kuti urambe wakadhindwa.
Kugadzikana kwekubvisa maburi uye kuchengetedza chimiro zvinoenderana nekuchengetedza huwandu hwakanyatsojeka hwe viscosity. Kutsauka—kungave kuri pasi pe viscosity kana kuti kwakanyanya kuchinja—kunokonzera kusagadzikana kwema bead geometry, deformation ye layer, uye suboptimal interlayer bonding. Magadzirirwo emaburi e nozzle akagadziridzwa ne computationally pamwe chete nema force-controlled extrusion systems anogadzirisa dynamicly clinking environment, zvichiita kuti filament yega yega irambe iine chimiro chaunoda mukati me complex concrete 3D printing applications.
Ma rheometer anotenderera uye maturusi ekutarisa ari mukati anopa mhinduro dzakakosha panguva yekudhinda, zvichibvumira mushandi kuyera nekugadzirisa viscosity panguva chaiyo. Maitiro aya akananga anogadzirisa matambudziko akadai sekuvharika kwemuromo kana kudonha kwechikamu chemukati zvisati zvabuda matambudziko emuumbi.
Dhizaini Yakasanganiswa uye Kukanganisa Kwayo paKuwanda uye Kusviba
Zvikamu Zvinokosha zveMusanganiswa
Mhedzisiro yeKusarudzwa kweBinder, Chiyero cheMvura neSimende, uye Kusanganiswa
Kusarudzwa kwezvibatiso ndiko kunobva tekinoroji yekudhinda simende ye3D, ichidzora hunhu hwakakosha mumamiriro matsva uye akaomarara. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), quick-setting cement (QSC), uye blended binders zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa density uye viscosity. Kuwedzera OPC content kunowedzera zvakananga density uye mechanical strength yekupedzisira print. Semuenzaniso, binary mixes ine 35% OPC uye 5% QSC inovandudza density uye print strength, yakakodzera zvinhu zvakadhindwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Polymer additives dzakadai se urethane acrylate (UA) dzinoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvepamusoro zve3D printing concrete; dzinowedzera mix viscosity, izvo zvinovandudza kuchengetedzwa kwechimiro asi zvinogona kukanganisa kupararira kweparticles panguva yekugadzira simende additive process.
Chiyero chemvura nesimende (W/C) chakakosha mukugadzira kongiri yekuwedzera. Chiyero chakaderera chinovandudza huwandu uye simba—asi kana chakaderera zvakanyanya, kupomba kunokanganisika, zvichikonzera kuvharika kwenzira dzekuvaka kongiri yemagetsi. Kunyangwe shanduko diki (15–20%) muhuwandu hweW/C inochinja inopa kushushikana uye viscosity inooneka, nokudaro ichikanganisa kudhindwa uye mashandiro echimiro. Superplasticizers inobvumira kudzikiswa kwehuwandu hwemvura pasina kukanganisa kuyerera, zvichiita kuti mashandiro edhijitari ye3D kudhinda ave nyore. Viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) inopa humwe hutongi, ichisimudzira kubatana uye kuramba kuparadzaniswa—hunhu hwakakosha hwekubudirira kurongedza layer munzira dzekugadzira kongiri yekuwedzera.
Kuronga Aggregate uye Kurongedza Particles Kuti Ifambe Zvakanaka
Kuyera aggregate uye dzidziso yekurongedza particles ndizvo zvakakosha pakubudirira kwekudhinda. Kugoverwa kwakafanana kwe aggregate kunoderedza void content, iyo inokosha kune zvivakwa zvakasimba zvekongiri yakadhindwa mu3D. X-ray computed tomography inoratidza kuti particles dzakakura dzinogona kufamba dzichienda kumadziro e nozzle kana container, zvichiwedzera porosity yenzvimbo uye zvingangoderedza kugadzikana. Kunyatso tarisa saizi ye aggregate uye kumhanya kwe extrusion kunobatsira kuchengetedza kufanana uye mwero wakadzikama wekufamba kwehuwandu.
Munguva yekudhinda kongiri ye3D, kuyera kwakanyatsogadzirwa kunoderedza kupatsanurwa uye njodzi yekuvharika kwemuromo wemuchina - zvichikanganisa kumhanya kwekudhinda uye kunaka kwechimiro chakagadzirwa. Pamwe chete nekugadziriswa kwebinder nemvura, nzira iyi inotsigira kushanda kwakasimba kwekushandisa kongiri otomatiki uye yekuwedzera.
Sanganisa Maitiro Ekugadzirisa
Yakaenzanae BetweenKugona Kupomba uye Kugona Kuvaka
Kuenzanisa kugona kupomba nekuvaka kwakakosha pakugadzira kongiri zvinobudirira. Kugona kupomba kunoita kuti musanganiswa upinzwe zvakanaka kuburikidza nemapombi nema nozzles ekudhinda pasina kupatsanura kana kuvharika. Kugona kunotsanangura kugona kwezvikamu zvitsva zvakadhindwa kutsigira zvikamu zvinotevera pasina kuchinjika zvakanyanya kana kuputsika.
Nzira huru dzekuenzanisa dzinosanganisira:
- Kugadzirisa Vhoriyamu yeNamatidza: Kunama kwakawandisa kunogona kukonzera kupatsanurwa uye kuderedza kusimba kwekuvaka; kushoma kunokanganisa kupomba kwemvura.
- Kugadzirisa Saizi yeChidimbu uye Zviri Mukati meBinder: Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kweaggregate uye binder kunosimudzira kunamira uye kugadzikana kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe.
- Kuzvigadzira otomatiki kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwekuyedza: Matekiniki akadai seD-optimal design anoita kuti kuedza nekukanganisa kuve nyore, zvichikurumidza kuvandudza huwandu hwakakodzera hwekugadzira kongiri.
Nheyo idzi dzakabatanidzwa mune zvakanakira zvekudhinda zve3D zvakaita sekudzikisa mitengo, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuvandudza mashandiro ega.
Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kuvharika uye Kukanganisika Muzvikamu Zvakadhindwa
Kuwana dhinda risina zvikanganiso muzvinhu zvepamusoro zvekudhinda zve3D kunoda kudzorwa kwakanyatsonaka:
- Gadzirisa Rheology neSuperplasticizers neVMAs: Izvi zvinosanganiswa nemakemikari zvinonyatsogadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura kuti zvienderane nekumanikidzwa kunodiwa, zvichideredza njodzi yekuvharika.
- Kutarisa Kwenguva Yechokwadi KweExtrusion Parameters: Kutarisa kumanikidzwa, kuyerera, uye maitiro emuromo kunobvumira kugadziriswa nguva nenguva, zvichideredza njodzi yekuvharika, kunyanya nezvinosanganiswa zvakasiyana-siyana kana zvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvakadzokororwa.
- Dzora Kutama Kwakasanganiswa: Dzivirira zvidimbu zvakakura zvema "aggregate" kuti zvisaungane pedyo nemadziro e "nozzle", izvo zvinogona kuwedzera maburi emunzvimbo yacho uye kukonzera kusawirirana.
Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaraswa zvakaita se ground granulated blast furnace slag uye steel slag kunoda kutariswa kune zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nazvo—sekuchinja kwesimba re flexural kana thixotropic response—pakutarisa zvivakwa zvekongiri zvakadhindwa zve3D zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Pamwe chete, nzira idzi dzekugadzirisa zvinhu dzakasanganiswa dzinoita kuti zvikwanisike kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakaoma zvekuvaka kongiri otomatiki zvemazuva ano, zvichiita kuti maitiro acho ave akavimbika uye kuti chigadzirwa chapera chakanaka.
Dzidza NezveMamwe Mamita Ehuremu
Mamwe Mamita Emaitiro Epamhepo
Matekiniki Ekutarisa Munguva Chaiyo Mumaitiro Ekudhinda Konkriti ye3D
Kutarisa nguva chaiyo mukudhinda kongiri ye3D kunoenderana nekushandisa michina yepamusoro yakagadzirirwa hunhu hwakasiyana hwezvinhu zvinosimbisa simende.tarisacometerszvakabatanidzwa zvakananga mukuyerera kwezvinhuto acquirekuverenga kunoramba kuripo, kusimba uye kuwanda kwezvinhu panguva chaiyo.
Zvinoshandura kumanikidzwainowedzera kusimbisa kudzora mashandiro. Vanonzwa shanduko dzekumanikidzwa mukati memapombi nema nozzles, zvichishandura izvi kuita masaini emagetsi. Vashandisi vanogona kushandisa data iri kuona kusawirirana kwakabatana nekuumbwa kwebatch, kupera kwemidziyo, kana kuvharika—zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa mhando mukugadzirwa kwekongiri yekuwedzera.
Mhinduro dzeInline densitometryzvakare inogonesa kutevedzera huwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo yekugadzira simende. Masisitimu aya anobatanidzwa zvakananga mumitsetse yekudyisa kana extruders, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwakawanda uye microstructure yezvivakwa zvekongiri zvakadhindwa zve3D zvirambe zviri mukati mezvinodiwa. Zviziviso zve otomatiki kubva kumasisitimu akadaro zvinogona kukurudzira kugadziriswa kwekugadzira kana kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura nekukasika, kudzivirira zvikanganiso uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwenzira dzekugadzira kongiri.
Kubatanidzwa kweData uye Kudzora Maitiro
Kubatanidzwa kwedata kwakasimba kwakakosha pakushandisa zvinobuda mu sensor kuti zvibudirire mu 3D cement printing technology. Data rinobuda panguva chaiyo kubva mu in-linetarisacosmeters, ma "pressure transducers", uye ma "densitometers" iye zvino zvave kubatanidzwa ne "digital printing parameters", zvakaita sekumhanya kwe "extrusion", "path trajectory", uye "material feed rate". Kubatana uku kunogonesa kugadzirisa mashandiro: "digital controller" inogadzirisa otomatiki ma "operational variables" zvichienderana nekuchinja-chinja kwakaonekwa ne sensor, ichivimbisa kugadzikana kwemaitiro uye mhando yechigadzirwa.
Kuvimbiswa Kwemhando Yepamusoro Kuburikidza Nekudzora Kuwanda Kwezvinhu Uye Kudzora Kusviba
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti kudhinda kwakarurama uye kuti chimiro chayo chakarurama
Kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kwehuwandu uye kusviba kwekongiri ndiko kwakakosha pakudhindwa kwekongiri mu3D. Kutsauka kubva pamiganho yakanaka ye rheological kunotungamira kune zvimwe zvikanganiso zvekudhinda:
- Kuboorwa kwemvura: Kana viscosity yakaderera zvakanyanya, kuyerera kwezvinhu kunowedzera, zvichikanganisa kubatana kwepakati pezvikamu uye zvichikonzera maburi emukati. Nzvimbo dzine maburi dzinokanganisa kugona kwekutakura mutoro uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvivakwa zvekongiri zvakadhindwa mu3D.
- Kuchinja: Kuwanda kusina kunaka kana kuti kusimba kwekukura kwechinhu kunokonzera kudzika kana kudonha kwechikamu. Kukwira kwesimba kunokanganisa kubuda kwechinhu; kuderera kwesimba kunokonzera kusachengetedza chimiro zvakanaka, zvichikonzera kusarongeka kwechimiro uye kutenderera.
- Kusakwana Kwepamusoro: Kuyerera kwakawandisa kunokonzera kusaenzana kwenzvimbo dzine mativi, nepo kusakwana kwekupenya kunounza magadzirirwo asina kurongeka uye mipendero isina kunyatsojeka. Kuchengetedza kudzora kwakasimba pamusoro pehunhu hwe rheological kunodzivirira zvikanganiso izvi pamusoro, zvichiwedzera runako rwezvinyorwa zvese uye mashandiro azvo.
Zviyero zvakakosha zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemaitiro chaiwo ekugadzira simende yekuwedzera:
- Kushivirira kuwanda kwehuwandu: Inofanira kugara iri mukati me2% yezvinangwa kudzivirira kudonha kwevhu uye kusawirirana kwezvikamu—zvakakosha pakuvaka kongiri otomatiki.
- Nhamba yekusviba: Kuwanda kwesimbi yepurasitiki inofanira kuenzana nekugona kwayo kuburitsa zvinhu uye kugona kwayo kuvaka. Kune akawanda madhizaini emhando yepamusoro ekudhinda e3D, simba rekugadzira zvinhu rine dynamic yield re 80–200 Pa uye simbi yepurasitiki ine 30–70 Pa·s zvinoita kuti kuburitsa zvinhu kwacho kuve kwakarurama uye kuchengetedza chimiro nekukurumidza. Migero inoshanduka zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemusanganiswa, hunyanzvi hwe nozzle, uye kumhanya kwekudhinda.
- Thixotropy: Kugona kwemusanganiswa uyu kudzoreredza viscosity nekukurumidza mushure mekuchekwa kunotsigira kusimba kwechimiro panguva uye mushure mekuiswa.
Kukundikana kushanda mukati memahwindo aya akakosha kunounza njodzi dzekushanduka-shanduka, kusagadzikana, uye kusimba kwemuchina munzira dzekugadzira zvinowedzerwa zvekongiri. Kutarisa nemazvo kunobatsira kugadzirisa mashandisirwo ekongiri yekugadzira zvinowedzerwa nekuderedza kuwanda kwezvikanganiso uye kuwedzera kuvimbika kwechivako.
Kuvandudza Kushanda Kwekudhinda Kwe3D uye Kugara Kwenguva Refu
Kuchengetedza Zvinhu Uye Kuderedza Marara
Tekinoroji yepamusoro yekudhinda simende ye3D uye kugadzirwa kwekongiri zvinobudirira kana zvinhu zvichinyatsojeka. Kutarisa huwandu hwezvinhu panguva chaiyo uye kusimba kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza zvinhu. Masisitimu anobatanidza masensa eUltrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) uye kudzidza kwemuchina anofungidzira nekuchengetedza hunhu hwezvinhu, zvichibvumira huwandu hunodiwa chete kuti huburitswe nepasi pega pega. Izvi zvinoderedza kutambisa panguva yekugadzira kongiri zvinowedzerwa nekuenzanisa zvinhu zvinounzwa nezvinodiwa zvejometri uye zvechimiro chechikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Kufunga Nezvezvakatipoteredza
Kudzora mashandiro akagadzirwa zvakanaka hakungochengetedze zvinhu chete—kunoderedzawo kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nekugadzira kongiri otomatiki. Mhinduro chaiyo inoderedza simba recarbon nekuderedza simende nesimba rinodiwa pakuvaka kongiri yakadhindwa mu3D. Kugadzirwa kwesimende kunoramba kuri iko kunobva CO₂ mumaindasitiri akawanda, zvichipa huwandu hunosvika 8% hwemhepo inobuda pasi rose. Nekushandisa sensor-driven uye predictive controls kuderedza kuwanda kwemhepo uye kudzivirira kudhindwazve, mapurojekiti anogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo zvakananga uye kwakaiswa mukati.
Kugadziriswa kweMamiriro Emunharaunda uye Epurojekiti Yakanangana
Kugadzirisa Musanganiswa uye Maitiro Ekuita Nzvimbo Yechokwadi
Kugadzirisa maitiro ekudhinda kongiri ye3D kuti ienderane nemamiriro emunharaunda uye epurojekiti kwakakosha kuti pave nekusimba kwechivako, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuchengetedzeka. Nzvimbo yega yega ine matambudziko akasiyana akadai semamiriro ekunze, njodzi yekudonha kwepasi, kuwanikwa kwezvinhu, uye zvinangwa zvekugadzira.
Kugadziriswa kweMamiriro ekunze
Kupisa kwenzvimbo uye hunyoro zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunyorova kwesimbi uye kubatana kwezvikamu. Kuoma nekukurumidza kana kusakwana kwesimbi panzvimbo dzakaiswa zvinhu kunotungamira pakuumbwa kwemajoini anotonhora, zvichideredza simba. Mamodheru epamusoro ekuverenga anotevedzera kinetics yekuomesa, hydration, uye kusangana nezvakatipoteredza kuti vatarisire matambudziko aya. Nekudzora zvine simba huwandu hwemvura nesimende uye kuisa shanduko dzemusanganiswa, mapoka anogona kuderedza majoini anotonhora uye kuchengetedza kubatana kwakasimba pakati pezvikamu, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, modular lignin-based admixtures inobva ku biomass inopa kudzikiswa kwemvura kwakagadzirirwa uye kudzora rheological pasi pekupisa kwakasiyana-siyana nehunyoro, zvichiita kuti kudhindwa kuenderane uye kudzikiswa kwecarbon footprint.
Mhepo, kutonhora nechando, uye kutonhora nekukurumidza zvinokanganisawo kunaka kwekudhinda kunze. Mwero wekupisa kwakanyanya, unokurumidza kukonzerwa nemhepo, unogona kukonzera kusasimba kwezvisungo zvema layer uye zvikanganiso zvepamusoro. Maitiro anosanganisira nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa dzekudhinda, kudzivirira zvivakwa kubva kumhepo, uye kushandisa zvakasanganiswa kukurudzira kugadzikana kunonoka uye kugara kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinotsigirwa nemiedzo yekusimbisa kutonhora nechando inoratidza kuti zvakasanganiswa uye kugadziriswa kwekutarisa kudhinda kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuramba kusingadyidzani nezvinhu zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza.
Kugadziriswa kweSeismic Activity
Kusimba kwesimba repasi pevhu muzvivakwa zvekongiri zvakadhindwa mu3D kunowanikwa uchishandisa fiber reinforcements. Fiber dzesimbi dzakaiswa mumusanganiswa unodhindwa dzinogona kuwedzera simba rekusimba uye rekuchinjika kaviri, nepo fiber inobatanidzwa nguva dzose panguva yekugadzira inoenderana nekusimbaradzwa nenzira dzinonetsa. Kudhinda kwenzvimbo ye3D kwakakombama kwakakombama kunogonesa kuiswa kwefiber yakakombama, kuwedzera mutoro wekukundikana uye kuomarara zvakanyanya—kunanga zvakananga zvinodiwa munzvimbo dzinogara dzichiwirwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika. Matekiniki aya anoguma nekuvandudzika kukuru mukubatana kwezvikamu uye kuramba kwepasi pevhu, nekuwedzera kwakaratidza kwehunhu hwemakanika hunoenderana nekutyisidzira kwepasi pevhu.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
1. Chii chinonzi 3D cement printing uye yakasiyana sei nekugadzirwa kwekongiri yechinyakare?
Kudhinda simende ye3D inzira yekugadzira kongiri yekuwedzera uko michina inogadzirwa otomatiki, senge maoko erobhoti kana masisitimu egantry, inoisa kongiri yedhayamita nedhayamita kuti igadzire zvivakwa zvakaoma. Kusiyana nekuvaka kongiri yechinyakare, iyo inoshandisa basa remaoko, mafomu akakura, uye maprotocol ekusanganisa akajairwa, tekinoroji yekudhinda simende ye3D inoita kuti dhizaini ive yakasununguka uye yakarurama pasina chikonzero chezviumbwa kana kuvharwa kwakawanda. Nzira iyi inogadzira marara mashoma uye basa shoma, inobvumira kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvekongiri zvekudhinda zve3D, uye inogona kugadzira majometri akaomarara asingagoneke nenzira dzechinyakare. Zvisinei, pane musiyano muhunhu hwemakanika uye standardization; ma layers akadhindwa anogona kuratidza anisotropy, achida ma protocol matsva ekuyedza kuti asimbise uye agare kwenguva refu zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzekuvaka dzechinyakare.
2. Sei kuwanda uye kusimba kwesimbi zvichikosha mukudhindwa kwekongiri ye3D?
Kudzora huwandu hwekongiri uye kutaridzika kweganda kwakakosha pakubudirira kwekugadzira kongiri. Kuwanda kwayo kunokanganisa kugadzikana uye kunaka kwechimiro chakadhindwa, zvichiita kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chirambe chichizvimiririra uye chirambe chakarongeka. Kusimba kwayo kunokanganisa kuyerera uye kubuda kwemusanganiswa wekongiri, zvichidzora kuti zvinhu zvinogona sei kugadzira zvikamu zvakanyatsonaka uku zvichitsigira maprints anotevera. Kudzora kwakakodzera kwezviyero izvi kunodzivirira kubva pakukanganisa kwakadai sekudzika, kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu, kana kusabatana zvakanaka kwezvikamu, zvichikanganisa zvakananga simba, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kururama kwechimiro chakapedzwa.
3. Kuwanda kwesimbi kunotariswa sei panguva yekugadzira simende?
Panguva yekugadzira simende yekuwedzera, huwandu hwevanhu hunotariswa zvakanyanya nemasensa emukati akadai sedensitometers, ayo anopa mhinduro chaiyo panguva chaiyo yemhando yekusanganiswa. Masensa aya, dzimwe nguva akabatanidzwa nemasensa ekubatanidza akawanda edhijitari, anobvumira kugadziriswa nguva dzose kuti arambe aine huwandu hwevanhu hwakafanana, izvo zvakakosha kune nzira dzekuvaka kongiri otomatiki. Kuti pave nekudzora kwakadzika kwemaitiro, masensa e acoustic, thermal, uye visual anogona kuwedzera madensitometers, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuona nekururamisa kukanganisa nekukurumidza. Mapocket shear vanes nemimwe michina yakafanana inopawo kuyerwa kwakawanda, kwakachipa panzvimbo, kuitira kuti mapoka ekudhinda agone kutevera shanduko dze rheological uye huwandu hwevanhu nekufamba kwenguva.
4. Ndedzipi nzira dzinoshandiswa kudzora viscosity mukugadzira zvekuwedzera zvekongiri?
Kudzora kupenya kwesimbi mumhando ye3D printing kunotangira pakugadzira nekungwarira. Kugadzirisa huwandu hwemvura, ma binders, ma aggregates, uye makemikari admixtures kunogadzirisa musanganiswa kuti ukwanise kuyerera zvakanaka uye kuvaka zvakanaka. Kuisa ma fine aggregates kana fibers kunobatsira kuchengetedza chimiro mushure mekubuda pasina kukanganisa kupenya kwesimbi. Kupenya kwesimbi kunoongororwa panguva chaiyo uchishandisa rheometers, inline sensors, kana AI-based video analysis.
5. Kudhinda simende ye3D kunogona kugadziriswa here kuti kuenderane nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana uye mamiriro ezvinhu?
Tekinoroji yekudhinda simende ye3D inoshanduka-shanduka uye inogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ezvakatipoteredza. Misanganiswa inogadziriswa nekusarudza zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se geopolymers, limestone calcined clay cement, kana calcium sulfoaluminate, izvo zvinochengetedza mashandiro uye zvinoderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Misanganiswa yevhu neyakagadziriswa nekukurumidza inogonesa kupora nekukurumidza kunzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakawanda kana kushanduka kwekushisa. Kuisa zvinhu zvinobva mumarara senge silica fume kana jecha rakadzokororwa kunowedzera kugadzikana uye kutsungirira, zvichibatsira zvivakwa kuti zviite zvakanaka pasi penjodzi dzekudengenyeka kwenyika kana mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. Maitiro aya anotsigira mashandisirwo ekugadzira zvinhu zvekongiri munzvimbo dzepasi rose, kubva kumagwenga akaoma kusvika kunzvimbo dzinorwirwa nedutu.
