I. Zvinodiwa zveViscosity muHydrocarbon Separation
Kugadziriswa kwemafuta asina kuchekwa—maitiro akafukidzwa neKupera kwemvura mumafuta asina kucheneswa uye nzira yekubvisa munyu(D/D/D)—inomiririra imwe yenhanho dzakakosha uye dzinodhura mukugadzirwa nekucheneswa kwemahydrocarbon. Maitiro aya ane njodzi huru, sezvo kutadza kuparadzanisa mvura nemunyu zvinobudirira kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye kunoisa panjodzi mashandiro enzvimbo dzekuchenesa nekukurumidzisa ngura uye kudzima catalyst.
Kusviba kunozivikanwa sechiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha, chenguva chaiyo chekinetics yekupatsanurwa uyeemulsionKugadzikana. Mushonga wekupisa wakakwira unoshanda sechidziviriro chemuviri, uchidzivisa zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwesimba rinokwevera pasi uye kubatana kwemadonhwe emvura akapararira.
Zvisinei, nzvimbo yekushanda yeD/D/D—inoratidzwa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakakwira, ngura, uye kuvapo kwemvura yakaoma, isiri yeNewtonian, ine zvikamu zvakawanda—inoita kuti nzira dzechinyakare dzekuyera viscosity dzisavimbike uye dzisakwanise kukundikana. Matekinoroji akajairika, anowanzo vimba nezvikamu zvinofamba kana machubhu matete e capillary, anokurumidza kukanganiswa nekusvibiswa, kupera, uye kuputsika kwemuchina.
Muchina wekubvisa mafuta asina kuchena
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Musika unoda shanduko yekuchinja kuenda kune zvishandiso zvakasimba zvinokwanisa kuyera nguva dzose uye zvine hungwaru. Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer inopa kuvimbika uku kunodiwa. Ichishandisa chimiro chakasimba, chiri nyore chemuchina chisina zvikamu zvinofamba, zvisimbiso, kana mabheringi, tekinoroji iyi inopa kururama kusingaenzaniswi uye kugara kwenguva refu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Nekubatanidza iyi viscosity feedback loop muDistributed Control System (DCS), vashandisi vanowana kugona kwekugadzirisa demulsifier dosage uye heating profiles nenzira inochinja-chinja. Kugona uku kunopa kudzoka kwakakosha, kunoverengeka pakudyara kuburikidza nekudzivirira mari yakawanda yemakemikari, kuchengetedza simba, kutevedzera kunaka kwechigadzirwa, uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
II. Emulsions dzemafuta asina kucheneswa: Kuumbwa, Kugadzikana, uye Zvinangwa zveMaitiro
2.1. Kemikari neFizikisi yeKugadzikana kweCrude Oil Emulsion
Kugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kucheneswa kunogara kuchikonzera kuumbwa kwe emulsions dzakagadzikana, kazhinjimvura mumafuta uye mafuta mumvurarudzi, uko madonhwe emvura anoparadzirwa zvakanaka mukati mechikamu chemafuta chinoenderera mberi. Kugadzikana kwe emulsions idzi ibasa remakemikari uye hunhu hwemuviri, izvo zvinofanirwa kukundwa kuti zvigadziriswe zvakanaka.
Kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwe emulsions idzi kunonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinoshanda pamusoro pevhu. Izvi zvinosanganisa ma emulsifiers emuno zvinosanganisira mamorekuru akaomarara akadai seasphaltenes, resins, naphthenic acids, uye zvimedu zvakakamurwa zvakanaka zvinobva mumabasa ekugadzira, zvakaita sevhu,dhaka rekucherazvakasara, uye zvinhu zvinobva mukuora. Zvinhu izvi zvine basa rakakosha: zvinopinda nekukurumidza panzvimbo yakakosha yemafuta nemvura, uko zvinoungana kuita firimu rakasimba, rinodzivirira. Firimu iri rinodzivirira madonhwe emvura akapararira kuti asabatana uye aungane, zvichideredza Interfacial Tension (IFT) uye zvinodzikamisa sisitimu.
Matambudziko emuviri nemakemikari anokonzerwa nekemikari isina kucheneswa anobatanidzwa uye anoonekwa zvakananga muhunhu hwakawanda hwe rheological hwemvura. Kuwanda kwemafuta asina kucheneswa chinhu chinowedzera zvakananga kugadzikana kwe emulsion. Kusviba kunoshanda sechipingamupinyi chikuru chemuviri kune kinetics yekuparadzaniswa.
2.2. Zvinangwa zveKubvisa Munyu, Kushaya Mvura Mumuviri, uye Kubvisa Munyu Mumuviri (D/D/D)
Nzira yakabatanidzwa yekushanda kwemafuta asina kucheneswa ine chinangwa chekugadzirira mafuta asina kucheneswa kuti atakurwe uye azogadziriswazve, zvichiita kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti mafuta aya anoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakachengeteka uye zvemhando yepamusoro.
2.2.1. Kubvisa Muviri Muropa uye Kushaya Mvura Mumuviri
Kubvisa oiri isina kucheneswa kunosanganisira kushandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandisa simba repamusoro-soro zvakagadzirirwa kukanganisa firimu rinodzikamisa ganda. Mamorekuru aya anonyungudutsa panzvimbo yaro, achibvisa maemulsifier emusiki, achideredza kushushikana kweganda, uye achideredza simba remuchina wekudzivirira ganda. Kana izvi zvangoitwa, maitiro acho anoenderera mberi nekukupera kwemvura mumafuta asina kucheneswa(kupatsanurwa kwechikamu).
Chinangwa chikuru chenzira yekubvisa mvura kubva mumafuta asina kucheneswandeyekuparadzanisa mafuta asina kucheneswa zvakakwana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafuta asina kucheneswa anosangana nezvinodiwa zveBasic Sediment and Water (BS&W). Kazhinji, zvinodiwa zvekufambisa mapaipi zvinorayira kuti mafuta asina kucheneswa akagadzirwa ave neasingasviki 0.5% kusvika 1.0% BS&W. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti maformula e demulsifier akakodzera anofanira kushanda zvakanaka pakuparadzanisa, nemafomula anoshanda achiratidza mwero wekuparadzanisa we88% kana kupfuura panguva yekuedzwa. Uyezve, maitiro acho anofanira kuburitsa mvura ine mafuta mashoma zvakakwana (semuenzaniso, pasi pe10 kusvika 20 mg/L) kuti igutse zvinodiwa pakuburitsa mafuta kana kudzoserwa kwemvura munzvimbo.
2.2.2. Kubvisa Munyu
Kubvisa munyu inzira yakakosha yekugeza mvura inoitwa kuderedza huwandu hwemunyu mumafuta asina kucheneswa, inoyerwa muPounds paThousand Barrels (PTB). Maitiro aya, anoitwa mumunda wekugadzira kana panzvimbo yekuchenesesa, anosanganisirakusanganisamafuta asina kucheneswa anopisa nemvura yekuwachisa uye makemikari anopwanya emulsion. Musanganiswa wacho unozoiswa musimba remagetsi rine simba guru mukati metangi regravity settler kuti zvive nyore kupwanya zvasara.mafuta mumvura uye mvura mu emulsion yemafutauye kubviswa kwechikamu chemvura ine brine.
Kudiwa kwekubvisa munyu zvakanyanya hakugone kukurukurwa. Kana munyu nesimbi dzinorema zvikasabviswa, zvinonyungudika kana zvadziiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera zvekunatswa, zvichigadzira maasidhi anoparadza (akadai sehydrogen chloride). Asidhi iyi inokonzera ngura yakanyanya pamidziyo yekugadzira zvinhu, kusanganisira zvinochinja-chinja kupisa nematanda ekunyungudutsa, uye inogona kukonzera chepfu inokuvadza. Nokudaro, kuwana munyu wakaparadzaniswa zvakanaka ne99% kwakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kudzora tembiricha kwakakosha pakubvisa munyu, sezvo tembiricha yekubvisa munyu inowanzo svikwa nekupisa musanganiswa wemafuta asina kucheneswa kana gasi/utsi, zvichikurumidzisa kuparadzaniswa kwemvura nezvinhu zvinosvibisa.
III. Basa Rakakosha reKuyera Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi
3.1. Kusviba seParamende Yekudzora Maitiro Enguva Yechokwadi
Kusviba hakusi kungotsanangura chete; ndiyo parameter huru inochinja-chinja inodzora kinetics yekuparadzaniswa. Chiyero chega chega chekutonga chinoshandiswa mukuita kweD/D/D—kungave kupinza makemikari, kuisa thermal input, kana kusanganisa michina—chinangwa ndechekukunda kana kuderedza chipingamupinyi cheviscosity kuti kukurumidzise kubatana kwemadonhwe.
Kutarisa viscosity kunoshanda senzira yakakosha yekuongorora mashandiro e demulsifier. Kuputsika kwemakemikari kwakabudirira kwe emulsion yakagadzikana kunofanirwa kuburitsa kudzikira kunoyerwa uye kazhinji nekukurumidza kwe viscosity yemvura yakawanda. Kuchinja uku kwe rheological kunogona kuverengerwa mu closed-loop system, zvichibvumira kuongororwa kuenderera mberi kwekushanda kwemakemikari. Iyi real-time feedback loop yakakosha nekuti inobvumira vanoshanda kupfuura kuongororwa kwemarabhoritari kwakagadzika, uko kunowanzo kanganisa nekuda kwekukwegura kwesampuli yemafuta asina kuchena uye kurasikirwa kwezvikamu zvechiedza.
Uyezve, viscosity yakabatana nekushandiswa kwesimba. Kupisa kwakanyanya kwekushanda kwe desalter kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekusimba kwemafuta asina kucheneswa uye huwandu hwawo, pamwe nekunyungudika kwemvura iri mumafuta asina kucheneswa. Mafuta asina kucheneswa anorema kana kuti akakora anoda tembiricha dzakakwira zvakanyanya kuti aderedze viscosity yakakwana yekufamba zvakanaka kwemadonhwe emvura uye kugadzikana kwegiravhiti. Ruzivo rwe viscosity runoenderera mberi runobvumira mainjiniya ekugadzira nekuchengetedza tembiricha shoma inodiwa kuti pave nekupatsanurwa kwakanaka, kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kunodhura uye kupatsanurwa kwakakwana kunokonzerwa netembiricha dzakaderera zvakanyanya.
Hukama uhwu hunoisa viscosity padivi pekutonga kwekushanda. Kushanda kweDesalter kunotungamirwa nezvinhu zvina zvakakosha: mhando yemvura, maparamita ekushanda (P/T), chiyero chemakemikari, uye zvinhu zvemakanika. Zvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvemakemikari ndizvo zvinodzora zvakanyanya. Viscosity inobatanidza ma levers aya zvakananga. Semuenzaniso, kana sisitimu yekutarisa inoenderera mberi ikaona kuwedzera kwe viscosity, iyo DCS yakabatanidzwa inogona kuongorora mamiriro acho nenzira inochinja uye kusarudza nzira inodhura zvakanyanya yekuparadzanisa - kungave kuwedzera kushoma kwesimba rekupisa (kune matambudziko ehuwandu kana kunyunguduka) kana kuwedzera kwakanangwa kwe demulsifier concentration (kune matambudziko ekuchengetedza makemikari). Kugona uku kwekushandura kunochinja kutonga kubva pakugadzirisa kunochengetedza, kupindura kune kugadzirisa kwakaringana, uye kunoshanda.
3.2. Migumisiro yeKuyera Kusviba Kusina Kururama kana Kunonoka
Kushaikwa kwedata rakarurama uye rinogara riripo rekuti viscosity kunounza njodzi huru dzekushanda uye kunovimbisa kusashanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi.
Kuwedzerwa kweMakemikari uye Kukwira Kwemitengo kweOPEX
Kana kuyerwa kwe viscosity kuchienderana nemasampuli ekurabhoritari anopindirana, kana kana mudziyo uri mukati uchipa data risinganyatsojeka, chiyero che demulsifier hachigone kugadziriswa kana tichienzanisa nedambudziko rekugadzikana kwemvura isina kuchena iri kuuya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vashandi vanoshandisa majekiseni emakemikari anodarika zvakanyanya chiyero chinodiwa kuti vave nechokwadi chekuparadzaniswa. Tichifunga kuti kuwana kupatsanurwa kwakanaka kunowanzoda chiyero chekugadzira chiri pakati pe50 kusvika 100 ppm, kuisirwa zvakanyanya kwe demulsifiers dzakanyanya uye dzinodhura kunoguma nekukwira kwakanyanya uye kunodzivisika kweOperational Expenditure (OPEX).
Kusashanda zvakanaka kweSimba
Pasina mhinduro chaiyo uye chaiyo ye viscosity, kupisa kwemaitiro kunofanirwa kuiswa panzvimbo inovimbiswa kuderedza viscosity ye crude yakaipa inotarisirwa. Kuvimba nedata rakagadziriswa, rakakwirira kana kuti rakanonoka kunoita kuti crude irambe ichipisa kupfuura zvinodiwa. Izvi zvinoguma nekurasikirwa nesimba rekupisa kwakanyanya uye kunoramba kuripo, zvichiva imwe yemitengo mikuru inodzorwa muD/D/D process train.
Kukundikana Kwemhando Yechigadzirwa uye Kukuvara Kunoderera
Kuyera kusina kururama kunoshandura zvakananga kuita kuti kupatsanurwa kuve kwakaderera. Kana emulsion ikasagadziriswa zvakanaka, crude yakawanikwa ichakundikana kusangana nezvinodiwa zveBS&W kana PTB. crude isina kugadziriswa haingori chete inokonzeresa kurangwa kwekutengeserana asi, zvakanyanya kukosha, inoisa panjodzi pakushanda kwese kwekunatswa kwemvura. Kusvibiswa kwemunyu kusingarapwe kunokurumidza ngura nekuda kwekuumbwa kweasidhi uye kunotungamira mukuvharika nekusvibiswa kwenzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye nhare dzekugadzirisa. Saka kukundikana kutarisa nekudzora viscosity nenzira isina kunanga kunobatsira pakugadzirisa kunodhura, kudzimwa kusina kurongwa, uye kutsiva michina mikuru.
Kusagadzikana Kwekushanda
Ma emulsion emafuta asina kuchena anowanzo ratidza maitiro akaomarara asiri eNewtonian, uko viscosity yavo inooneka inochinja zvichienderana nehukuru hwe shear inoshandiswa. Kuyera kusina kururama kunoomesa modhi uye kutonga kwe multiphase flow dynamics, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune zvisingawanzoitika zvekuyerera kwemvura zvakaita sema slug characteristics ane dambudziko, kusagadzikana kwekubatirira, uye kusaenzana kwezvikamu. Uyezve, kusakwana kwe demulsification kunogona kuda nguva yakawedzerwa yekuchengetedza mumudziyo unogadzika, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune re-emulsification, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuwedzera njodzi.
Dzidza NezveMamwe Mamita Ehuremu
Mamwe Mamita Emaitiro Epamhepo
IV. Matambudziko ekuyera kusimba kwemafuta asina kuchena
4.1. Mamiriro Ezvinhu Anonetsa Anoda Kusimba
Viscometer inosarudzwa kuti ishandiswe paD/D/D inofanira kukwanisa kumira mumamiriro ekushanda anopfuura zvakanyanya miganhu yekugadzira yemidziyo yakajairwa yerabhoritari kana yeindasitiri.
Kumanikidzwa Kwakanyanya uye Mamiriro Ekupisa
Maitiro eD/D/D anowanzo sanganisira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekushanda uye tembiricha yakakwira. Semuenzaniso, vagadziri vemafuta vanoshandisa mafuta asina kucheneswa anopisa, uye zviyero zvakanongedzwa zvakaita seReservoir Fluid Analysis (RFA) zvinowanzoda masensa anogona kushanda mumamiriro ese enzvimbo dzekuchengetedza pasi rose. Chishandiso chakanongedzwa chinofanira kunge chakasimba, nekudzivirira tembiricha kunowanzo da kusvika 450 ℃ uye kumanikidzwa kunokwanisa kubata kumanikidzwa kwakajairwa kwekushanda (semuenzaniso, kusvika 6.4 MPa) kana mhinduro dzakagadzirwa nemagadzirirwo emabasa akanyanya anodarika 10 MPa.
Kuora, Kusvibisa, uye Kukura
Mvura iri kugadziriswa inokasira zvikuru. Oiri isina kuchekwa ine mabrine, zvinhu zvine acidic (senge naphthenic acids), uye dzimwe nguva hydrogen sulfide (H2S), zvichigadzira nzvimbo inoparadza inokurumidza kushatisa zvinhu zvakajairwa. Uyezve, kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasimba zvakakamurwa zvakanaka (ivhu, jecha, asphaltenes) nemunyu zvinotungamira mukusvibiswa kunogara kuripo uye kukwenya panzvimbo dze sensor. Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kuvakwa nezvinhu zvakasimba, zvakaita se316 Stainless Steel, nesarudzo dzekugadzirisa uchishandisa machira akasarudzika anodzivirira ngura kana zvinhu (semuenzaniso, machira eTeflon) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogara kwenguva refu kana yakabatana nechikamu chemvura inoparadza.
Kuomarara kwezvikamu zvakawanda uye zvisiri zveNewtonian
Mafuta asina kuchena ari muchikamu chekugadziridza haawanzova akafanana. Iwo masanganiswa akaomarara, ane zvikamu zvakawanda ane gasi/mabubble akagadziriswa, madonhwe emvura akapararira, uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa. Kuomarara uku kunowedzerwa nerheology isiri yeNewtonian inowanzoitwa nemafuta akakora kana ane asphaltene yakawanda. Kuyera viscosity yemvura ine maitiro ekuyerera kwemvura zvinoenderana nekukura kwekupisa kwemvura, uye ine zvikamu zvakawanda uye zvikamu zvakamiswa, zvinopa dambudziko guru kune chero tekinoroji ye sensor.
4.2. Zvipingamupinyi Zvikuru zveViscometry Yemazuva Ano
Zvipingamupinyi zviri muhunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwekuyera viscosity zvinoratidza kuti sei husina kukodzera kudzora kugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kucheneswa nguva dzose.
Maviscometer anotenderera
Ma viscometer anotenderera anovimba nekuyera torque inodiwa kuti atenderedze spindle iri mumvura. Iyi nheyo inoda dhizaini yakaoma kwazvo inosanganisira zvikamu zvinofamba, zvisimbiso, uye mabheringi. Munzvimbo yeD/D/D, zvikamu izvi zviri panjodzi huru yekukundikana: zvinhu zvakasimba zvinokuvadza uye mvura inoparadza zvinokonzera kupera nekukurumidza uye kutadza kwechisimbiso, zvichikonzera mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa uye kushanda nguva nenguva. Uyezve, zvishandiso zvinotenderera zvine muganho muhuwandu hwakanyanya hwekusviba, hazvigone kubata zvidimbu zvikuru zvinobudirira, uye zvinonzwa zvakanyanya kushanduka kwekushisa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana mhedzisiro inoenderana nevashandi pane kungoramba zvichivimbika.
Nzira dzeCapillary nedzimwe dzechinyakare dzekushandisa
Nzira dzakadai se capillary viscometry dzinoshandisa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza nechubhu ine restrictive. Kunyange zvazvo dziri dzechokwadi mumamiriro ekurabhoritari, hadzishandi pabasa remuindasitiri. Dzinonetseka kupa mhedzisiro chaiyo yemvura isiri yeNewtonian uye dzinogona kuvharika zvakanyanya kubva kuzvinhu zvakamiswa uye zvakachengetwa zvakasimba zviri munzizi dzemafuta asina kucheneswa. Kusagadzikana uku kunoda kugadziriswa kwakanyanya, zvinoguma nekukanganiswa kwekushanda, uye zvinodzivisa kushandiswa kwazvo kudzora nguva nenguva munzizi yekushanda.
Kubatana kwemaitiro ekukundikana kwema viscometer echinyakare—kukuvadzwa kwemakemikari (zvisimbiso, mabheringi) uye kunzwa mamiriro ekuyerera kwetsvina, ngura (kuvharika, kukweshana)—kunosimbisa chinodiwa cheinjiniya chakajeka. Kuyerwa kwemafuta asina kuchena mukati memutsara kunoda tekinoroji ye sensor inobvisa zvachose zvikamu zvinofamba uye nzira dzinodzora kuyerera, ichibvisa mutoro wekuyera kubva kune michina isina kusimba kuenda kune misimboti yefizikisi inosimba.
V. Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer: Mhinduro Yakasimba
5.1. Dhizaini Yakasiyana uye Nheyo Yekushanda
Iyo Lonnmeter inline viscometer viscometer yakagadzirwa zvakananga kugadzirisa mikaha yakakosha inosiyiwa netekinoroji yemazuva ano munzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda.
Nheyo yekushanda
Viscometer inoshanda padanho re axial vibration damping. Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa solid sensor element, inowanzo kuve yakakombama, iyo inokurudzirwa kuti irambe ichitenderera nguva dzose pa frequency chaiyo ichienda ku axial direction yayo. Sezvo crude oil emulsion ichiyerera pamusoro uye ichibviswa neiyi vibrating element, mvura yacho inotora simba nekuda kwekudhonza kwakasimba—chinhu chinova damping effect. Simba rakarasika rinobva mukuita uku kwekucheka rinoyerwa ne electronic circuit uye rinobatanidzwa zvakananga uye rinoshandurwa kuita dynamic viscosity reading, inowanzo kuyerwa mu centipoise (cP). Iyi nzira inoyera simba rinodiwa kuchengetedza amplitude yakagadzikana ye vibration.
Chimiro Chiri Nyore CheMichina
Kubatsira kukuru kwehunyanzvi hweLonnmeter inline viscometerndiyo nyore kwayo. Kuchekwa kwemvura kunowanikwa chete kuburikidza nekudengenyeka, izvo zvinobvumira chimiro chakareruka chose chemuchina—chisina zvikamu zvinofamba, zvisimbiso, kana mabheringi. Kusimba kwechimiro ichi kwakakosha: nekubvisa zvinhu zvinonyanya kusakara, ngura, uye kutadza munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, Lonnmeter inovimbisa kugara kwenguva refu uye zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekuchengetedza, ichikunda zvakananga miganhu mikuru yezvishandiso zvinotenderera. Chigadziro chakajairika chinoshandisa 316 Stainless Steel yakasimba, ine kugadziriswa kunowanikwa kune aggressive media, kusanganisira kushandiswa kweTeflon coating kana chaiwo anti-corrosion alloys.
5.2. Magadzirirwo Ekugadzirisa Matambudziko Emaitiro Akanangana
Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi eLonnmeterviscometer inodzungunuka iri mumutsarakuratidza kukodzera kwayo kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zveD/D/D process train:
Magadzirirwo Akasimba eLonnmeter Viscometer
| Paramita | Tsanangudzo | Kukosha kweMatambudziko eD/D/D eOiri Isina Kugadzirwa |
| Nhamba yeViscosity | 1 – 1,000,000 cP | Kufukidzwa kwakakwana kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemafuta asina kucheneswa, kusanganisira mafuta anorema, bitumen, uye emulsions dzine viscosity yakakura. |
| Kururama / Kudzokororwa | ±2% ~ 5% | Kunyatsojeka kwakakosha pakuverenga mashandisirwo chaiwo emakemikari e demulsifier uye nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa simba. |
| Kupisa Kukuru | < 450℃ | Inovimbisa kushanda kwakavimbika pakushanda kwe pre-heater inodziya zvakanyanya uye kubvisa salt. |
| Kudzvanywa Kwakanyanya | < 6.4 MPa (Inogona Kugadziriswa >10 MPa) | Inobata kumanikidzwa kwakajairika kwemaitiro, nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira hwakagadzirirwa mashandisirwo akanyanya kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro-soro. |
| Zvinhu | 316 Simbi Isina Kushanda (Yakajairwa) | Kuvaka kwakajairika kunoita kuti pave nekusagadzikana kukuru pakuora; zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nemunyu chaiwo uye H2Matambudziko eS. |
| Dziviriro Yedanho | IP65, ExdIIBT4 | Inosangana nemitemo yakasimba inodzivirira kuputika uye yezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzemaindasitiri. |
5.3. Zvakanakira zveUnyanzvi uye zveKushanda
Kushanda Kwepamusoro-soro muKuyerera Kwakaoma
Pfungwa yekudzungudza inopa mabhenefiti emukati mukubata hunhu hwakaoma hwemafuta asina kucheneswa, hwakawanda. Kudzungudza kunoramba kuripo kunopa mhedzisiro yakapfava, yekuzvichenesa pamusoro pesensa, zvichidzivirira kuunganidzwa kwetsvina, kukura, uye depositi dzewakisi. Kusiyana nehunyanzvi hwevortex kana kutenderera, sensa yeLonnmeter haina mukana wekukanganisa kuyera kunokonzerwa nemabubble egasi akavharirwa kana zvidimbu zvakasimba zvakamiswa (kuyerera kwezvikamu zvakawanda). Kuramba uku kudzungudza uye kuunganidzwa kwakasimba kunovimbisa kuenderera mberi kwekuyera uko zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvingakundikana kana kuda kugadziriswa nguva dzose.
Kusavapo kwezvisimbiso nemabheringi kunomiririra mukana wakakosha wekukwikwidzana. Sezvo nzvimbo yeD/D/D ichitsanangurwa nemafuta ayo anoparadza uye mukana mukuru wekusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvakasimba, kubvisa zvikamu zvemakanika zvisina kusimba kunobvisa nzvimbo huru yekushanda kwenguva refu uye kugadzirisa kunodhura kunokonzerwa nekukundikana kwemidziyo mukushanda kusina kunaka. Sarudzo iyi yeinjiniya inovimbisa nguva yakakwana yekushanda kwechikamu chakakosha chemhinduro ye viscosity.
Kuyera Kwakarurama Kusiri kweNewtonian
Sisitimu yeLonnmeter inoshanda nekupa mwero wepamusoro wekuchekwa kwemvura kuburikidza nekudedera. Kune mafuta akaomarara asiri eNewtonian anowanikwa muD/D/D, uko viscosity inoenderana ne shear-rate, chiyero ichi che high-shear chakakosha. Inobata nemazvo "kuchinja kwechokwadi kwe viscosity" kwakabatana ne high-flow dynamics chaiyo ye process line, ichidzivirira rheological artifacts dzinogona kuitika ne low-shear devices, dzakadai semamwe rotational viscometers, ayo anogona kushandura viscosity inoshanda yemvura panguva yekuyera.
Hutungamiriri hweKubatanidzwa kweDigital Pasina Musono
Kuti iwane mukana wekugadzirisa zvizere, viscometer inofanira kupa data rinogona kushandiswa zviri nyore nemasystem ekudzora. Lonnmeter inopa zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri (4–20 mADC, Modbus) zve viscosity uye tembiricha. Iyi data redhijitari risingachinji rinoita kuti isanganiswe nekukurumidza mumaDistributed Control Systems (DCS) kana mapuratifomu eSCADA aripo. Kushandisa tekinoroji iyi yepamusoro kunoda nzira yekushandura digital zvishoma nezvishoma, kutanga nekubatanidzwa kwedata re sensor kuderedza kuoma kwekutanga uye kuratidza kudzoka kwekutanga pakudyara (ROI). Iyi data yakabatanidzwa inoumba hwaro hwe diagnostic matrix, zvichibvumira vashandisi kuti vakurumidze kubatanidza viscosity anomalies nedzimwe data streams (semuenzaniso, tembiricha, kusiyanisa kwepressure) kutungamira chiito chinoshanda chekugadzirisa.
VI. Kugadzirisa uye Kukosha Kwehupfumi
Kukosha kwechokwadi kwemari yeLonnmeterViscometer Inotenderera MutsetseKunowanikwa kana kuyerwa kusingashandiswi kuchishandurwa kuita active, closed-loop process control. Ruzivo rwakarurama, rwakasimba, runosimbisa nzira yekupa mhinduro inodiwa kuti igadzirise zvinoshanduka-shanduka zviviri zvikuru: kushandiswa kwemakemikari uye kushandiswa kwesimba rekupisa.
6.1. Kubatanidza Kusviba Kwenguva Yechokwadi neDynamic Process Control
Nzira yekugadzirisa zvinhu inotsamira pakubatanidza kuverenga kwe viscosity ne primary control levers—demulsifier dosage uye heating tembiricha—kuona kuti kinetics yekuparadzanisa yakakwana inochengetwa pamutengo wakaderera.
Chinangwa chikuru chekudzora ndechekuona nekuchengetedza nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa kusimba kunoshanda zvishoma. Kana sisitimu ikaona kutsauka, mhinduro inoverengerwa zvichienderana nemari yekushanda iripo.
Optimization Feedback Loop
| Maitiro Ekuona Kusviba (Chaizvoizvo) | Kuongororwa Kwemamiriro Ekuita | Chiito Chekugadzirisa (Chinozvigadzira/Chinoshandisika) | Mhedzisiro Yehupfumi Inotarisirwa |
| Kusimba kuri kuwedzera mushure mekusanganisa/kubaya jekiseni | Kubviswa kwemvura kusina kukwana kana kuti mwero wekubatana kwemvura usina kukwana | Wedzera Chiyero cheDemulsifier (PPM) KANA Wedzera Nzvimbo Yekupisa | Inowedzera simba rekushandisa; Inodzivirira kusanganiswa kwe emulsification uye slugging |
| Kusimba kwakasimba uye kwakafanana, asi ruzivo rwenhoroondo runoratidza kuti rwakakwira kupfuura zvinodiwa | Tembiricha yekushanda isina kunaka ye rheology yemazuva ano | Deredza Pre-heater/Desalter Temperature Setpoint kusvika paT yakaderera inoshanda | Inoderedza zvakananga kushandiswa kwesimba rekupisa; Kuchengetedza simba rekutanga reOPEX |
| Kusimba kwemuviri kunowedzera kuderera uye kugadzikana panzvimbo yakaderera | Kuparadzaniswa Kwakanaka Kwazvo Kwakawanikwa / Njodzi Yekudarika Kwemakemikari | Deredza Demulsifier Dosage (PPM) kusvika padanho repasi rinoshanda | Inoderedza zvakananga mari yekutenga nekurasira mishonga yemakemikari |
Kugadzirisa Chipimo cheDemulsifier
Sisitimu yekudzora inoshandisa viscosity yenguva chaiyo sechiyero chekushanda kwayo kugadzirisa mwero weinjection ye demulsifier. Kugona uku kunobvisa tsika inodhura uye yakajairika yekuisa makemikari akawandisa kuti atsive shanduko dzisina kunaka kana kuvimba nemhedzisiro yekunonoka kwerabhoritari. Nekuderedza dosage kusvika pahuwandu hushoma hunodiwa kuti uwane kupatsanurwa kwakatarwa, vashandisi vanovimbisa kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemakemikari anodhura uku vachichengetedza kushanda kwakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kuwana 99% kupatsanurwa kwemunyu).
Kutarisira Simba reKupisa
Sezvo zvinodiwa pakupisa kwemafuta ekubikisa (desalter) zvichitemerwa ne rheological profile yemafuta ekubikisa (crude), kuverenga kwakarurama kwe viscosity kunobvumira sisitimu kuchengetedza tembiricha ye pre-heater ne desalter panzvimbo yakaderera inodiwa pakupatsanurana kwechikamu. Kugona uku kunodzivirira kushandiswa kwesimba kwakawanda uye kusingakoshi kunokonzerwa nekupisa mafuta ekubikisa, zvichipa kuchengetedza kwakakosha uye kwenguva refu kweOPEX.
Nekuchengetedza simba rekutonga pamusoro pezvinhu izvi, chirimwa chinoshanduka kubva pakushanda kwe reactive, set-point-based kuenda kusystem inoshanda, yakagadziriswa rheology. Kuyerera kwedata uku kunobvumira vashandisi kuchinja kuenda kupfungwa yekuchengetedza yekufungidzira. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kamwe kamwe, kusingatsananguriki kwe viscosity, kana kuchiratidzwa nekupisa kwakagadzikana uye demulsifier dosage, kunogona kuratidza dambudziko riri kuuya remakanika, senge kusvibisa zvakanyanya kana kupera kwepombi, zvichibvumira kupindira kwepamberi pekuita kusati kwaitika njodzi yekushanda.
6.2. Mabhenefiti Anogona Kuverengwa uye Kuwanikwa kweROI
Kubatanidzwa kweLonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer kunounza purofiti inobatika uye inogara kwenguva refu muchikamu chekugadzira zvinhu.
Mari Yekushanda Yakaderedzwa:
Kuchengetedza Mishonga: Kudzora huwandu hwemishonga hunochinja-chinja kunoderedza kuiswa kwemishonga inobvisa makemikari inodhura, zvichiita kuti pasave nemutengo wakaderera.
Kuchengetedza Simba: Kugadzirisa tembiricha yekudziyisa zvichibva padata re rheological renguva chaiyo kunoderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta/mhepo yakawanda mukudziyisa mafuta asina kucheneswa.
Kuchengetedza Mari: Chimiro chiri nyore, chisina zvikamu zvinofamba, zvisimbiso, uye mabheringi, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwekuzvichenesa hwesensor inodedera, zvinobvisa mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa nekushandira ine chekuita nemidziyo yemazuva ano mukugadzira zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye zvinosvibisa.
Hunhu Hwakawedzerwa uye Kukosha Kwechigadzirwa: Kuvimbiswa kwekusvika pazvinangwa zvemhando yepamusoro, zvakaita sekusvika pa $\le 0.5$% BS&W uye kubviswa kwePTB yakakwira, kunoita kuti oiri isina kucheneswa isvike pazvinodiwa pakutengesa, kudzivirira zvirango zvekutengeserana uye mitengo mikuru inokonzerwa nekugadzirisazve kana kuderedza ngura.
Kuwedzera Kushanda Nesimba uye Kubudirira: Kugadziriswa kwemakemikari nekupisa kunoita kuti pave nekukasira uye kunogara kwenguva refu kwekuparadzanisa zvinhu. Izvi zvinoderedza nguva inodiwa yekugadzirisa zvinhu uye nguva yekuchengetedza zvinhu, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kugona kwekushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo yacho.
Kuchengetedzwa Kwakawedzerwa uye Kuvimbika: Kuderedza kuvimba nekutora sampuro nemaoko uye kuongororwa murabhoritari kunoderedza kusangana kwemushandisi nemitsetse yekushanda ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakakwira, uye ngura. Kuvimbika kwakanyanya kwechimiro che sensor chakasimba kunoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekuvharwa kwemidziyo isina kurongwa.
Kubvisa mvura mumuviri, kuderedza mvura mumuviri, uye kubvisa munyu zvinobudirira ndizvo zvakakosha pakubudirira kwemari uye kushanda zvakanaka kweindasitiri yemahydrocarbon. Kuomarara kwemaitiro, kusiyana kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka, uye mamiriro ekushanda akasimba zvinoda mwero wekuyera wakarurama uye kusimba kwemasensa izvo matekinoroji echinyakare asingagoni kupa. Kuomarara kwemakemikari, kukanganiswa nengura, uye kusvibiswa kunoita kuti maviscometer echinyakare ave nematambudziko, zvichiisa panjodzi kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu.
Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer ndiyo mhinduro chaiyo, yakagadzirwa kuti ibudirire munzvimbo iyi ine hutsinye yeindasitiri. Dhizaini yayo iri nyore, isingafambi-fambi inovimbisa kuyerera kwedata kunogara kuripo, kwakasimba, ichikunda nzira dzekutadza kwemukati dzemasisitimu ekutenderera uye emakapillary. Nekuyera nemazvo viscosity yechokwadi, yakanyanya kuomarara yemafuta akaomarara asiri eNewtonian, Lonnmeter inogonesa nzira yekudzora inochinja-chinja, yekufungidzira. Iyi nzira inopa hwaro hweinjiniya hwekugadzirisa dosage ye demulsifier uye ma profiles ekupisa, ichivimbisa mhando yechigadzirwa inoenderana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo.
Kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji iyi yepamusoro kunoshandura maitiro eD/D/D kubva pakushanda kwakarongeka, kusinganetseki nenjodzi kuenda kune sisitimu chaiyo, inogadzirisa mari. Iyi nzira inopa kudzoka nekukurumidza uye kunoverengwa pamari inodyarwa kuburikidza nekuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemakemikari uye kuraswa kwesimba.
Kumbira Kubvunzana Kwakadzama kweRFQ.
Tora danho rakakosha rekuona kuti zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka zvinoenderana nemutemo uku uchivandudza purofiti yehupfumi. Tanga kuchengetedza mari yekushandisa mishonga nesimba nhasi nekushandisa mhinduro yakasimba kwazvo ye inline viscometry muindasitiri. Tora mukana wako wekubvunzana nezvekugadzirisa maitiro uye Request for Quotation (RFQ) yakadzama. Bata nyanzvi dzedu dzeinjiniya izvozvi kuti utange nzira yako yekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinoenderana ne crude rheology yako, zvirambidzo zvekushanda, uye zvinangwa zve ROI zvinoda simba.
