Ubucucike bw'amavuta ya lisansi ni iki?
Ubushyuhe, busobanurwa mu buryo bw'ibanze nk'ubushyuhe bw'imbere muri peteroli burwanya amazi atemba, bugaragaza ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane kigenga uburyo peteroli ikoreshwa, itunganywa, n'imikorere yayo. Kugira ngo hagenzurwe uburyo ikorwa kandi hamenyekane ubuziranenge, ubushyuhe ntibushobora gufatwa nk'aho ari amakuru y'ishingiro gusa; ni igipimo cy'ibanze kigena uburyo ibice bicungwa n'uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa neza.
Uburyo bwo gukora amavuta ya lisansi n'ubwiza bwayo: Aho ubukana bw'amavuta buhagaze
Ibiranga amavuta akomoka kuri peteroli bigenwa mu buryo bw'ibanze mu miterere y'uruganda rutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Umusaruro utangirira ku gusya ibikomoka kuri peteroli, aho gutandukana bibaho hashingiwe ku kubira kw'amazi. Amavuta akomoka kuri peteroli zikomeye (HFO) n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli bisigaye, ni byo bice byo hasi by'iyi nzira, bigaragazwa n'ubucucike bwabyo bwinshi n'ubucucike bwinshi. Ibikorwa bikurikiraho, nko guhindura ibintu, birushaho guhindura imiterere ya molekile, ibi bikaba bisobanura itandukaniro rinini mu bucucike bugaragazwa n'ibikomoka ku bikomoka ku bikomoka ku bikomoka ku bikomoka ku bikomoka ku bimera.
Guhuza neza: Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi bwo Kugera ku Ntego Ingana
Bitewe nuko ubushyuhe bw'ibisigazwa by'ibikomoka ku bimera busanzwe buri hejuru cyane ku buryo bitahita byemerwa ku isoko, kuvanga ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kugera ku byiciro by'ubushyuhe byifuzwa. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gushyiramo ibisigazwa byoroheje bya distillate cutter, nka mazutu yo mu mazi, lisansi, cyangwa amavuta y'urumuri (LC (G)O). Intsinzi y'igikorwa cyo kuvanga ishingiye gusa ku guhindura ikigereranyo cya HFO ku gicuruzwa cy'ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku miterere ihindagurika y'ibicuruzwa byinjizwa n'ubushyuhe bwabyo.
Ingorane zikomeye mu mikorere ziterwa no kwishingikiriza ku isesengura rya laboratwari ryatinze kugira ngo harebwe niba igipimo cyo kuvanga gikenewe kugira ngo gikoreshwe.ubukana bwa peteroli ya lisansiIntego. Kubera ko imipaka nyayo y'ubushyuhe igerwaho binyuze mu gupima ubushyuhe, igipimo kitari cyo—giterwa no gutinda gusubiza cyangwa amakosa yo gupima—gitera ibyago bikomeye byo kunanirwa gushonga. Iyo ubushobozi bwo gushonga bunaniwe, asphaltenes zihamye cyane zirahita zigwa, bigatera ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika rikomeye. Ubu buryo bushobora gutsindwa burahenze cyane kandi bwangiza kuruta kubura gusa uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe. Gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima ubushyuheIgikoresho cyo gupima ubukana bw'amavutaMuri blending manifold itanga ikimenyetso cy'uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze vuba gikenewe kugira ngo hakosorwe flow menter mu gihe nyacyo, bityo bigatuma habaho umutekano mu bicuruzwa kandi ubuziranenge bugakomeza kugabanuka.
Uretse kuvanga, ubushyuhe bushobora no gucungwa binyuze mu kugenzura ubushyuhe. Gushyushya amavuta akomeye ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwayo kugeza aho ishobora gukururwa no gushyirwamo atome. Ariko, ubushyuhe ni uburyo butaziguye bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe. Bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'ibiryo, kwishingikiriza gusa ku bipimo by'ubushyuhe butajegajega ntibihagije kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe buhoraho. Byongeye kandi, inyongeramusaruro zihariye za shimi cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga nk'uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza imiterere ya rheological no kunoza uburyo amavuta akomeye ahora ahinduka.
Ni ngombwa kwemera ko amavuta asigaye afite imbaraga nyinshi mu byuma bisukura ibikoresho n'imiyoboro mu gihe cyo gutunganya no kohereza ibikoresho. Iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye mu buryo butunguranye—wenda bitewe n'ubushyuhe cyangwa impinduka mu mirire y'ibikomoka ku bimera—ubwiyongere bw'umutwaro bushobora kubangamira ubusugire bw'umutungo w'imari, bishobora gutuma pompe ziyongera, imiyoboro ifunga, cyangwa imiyoboro ifunganye cyane. URUGERO RW'IMBARAGA rujyanye no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuvoma kuri interinetiIgikoresho cyo gupima ubukana bw'amavutaBirenze kure igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa; bikora nk'urwego rw'ingenzi rwo kurinda imitungo ya tekiniki iri mu murongo w’umusaruro, bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo kudakora neza kw'igihe kitagenwe.
Uburyo Viscosity Iyobora Imikorere mu buryo butaziguye
Uburyo bwo gukuraho atomu no gukoresha neza umuriro
Uruhare rwa nyuma kandi rw'ingenzi mu kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ingaruka zayo ku ihinduka rya lisansi. Ihinduka ryiza rya lisansi—inzira yo guhindura lisansi nyinshi mo ibitonyanga bito, bingana—ni ngombwa kugira ngo umuriro utwikwe vuba kandi wuzuye.
Igihegupima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansibigaragaza ko lisansi ari nyinshi cyane (inini cyane), lisansi irwanya amazi kandi ntiyongere gucika neza mu muyoboro. Ibi bihora bitera kuremwa ibitonyanga binini no gushya nabi kandi bitarashya neza. Ingaruka zihuse ni ugutakaza ingufu, kuremwa kw'ivu rikabije, no guteka, byangiza ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe n'ibicanwa. Ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko amavuta menshi yinjira mu muyoboro agabanya umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka, bigatuma habaho uburebure bw'urukuta bunini bukongera umuvuduko w'amazi (gutakaza lisansi) kandi bugatanga ibitonyanga binini birwana no gushya no gushya.
Ku rundi ruhande, iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane (buto cyane), mu gihe amazi yoroha, havuka ibibazo bibiri bikomeye. Icya mbere, ubushyuhe buke cyane bushobora kwangiza icyuma gikenewe cyo gusiga amavuta kirinda ibice bya lisansi nka pompe na injectors, bigatuma habaho kwangirika vuba kandi bigatera kwangirika. Icya kabiri, kudakomera neza mu gutwika bishobora guterwa no gutwika cyane cyangwa kudakoresha uburyo bumwe, bigatera ihindagurika ry’ingufu za moteri.
Ese ubukana bw'amavuta bugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa rya lisansi?
Ikibazo,ese ubukana bw'amavuta bugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa rya lisansi, ishobora gusubizwa mu buryo budashidikanywaho: yego, mu buryo bwimbitse, binyuze mu nzira ebyiri zitandukanye ariko zihujwe: kugabanya kwangiza kwa mashini zitera indwara no kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwika.
Amavuta make yo mu bwoko bwa viscosity azenguruka kandi agatembera mu buryo bworoshye, bigabanya cyane igihombo cya mekanike gisabwa kugira ngo amazi anyuzwe muri sisitemu. Uku kugabanuka kw'ingufu zikomoka ku bimera bihindura uburyo bwo kunoza ubukungu bw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ku masosiyete akoresha amavuta meza, guhindura amavuta ya moteri afite ubukana buke (HDEO) byagaragaye ko bigabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi hagati ya 0.9% na 2.2% buri mwaka. Intego ni ugushaka uburyo bwiza bwo kuringaniza: amavuta agomba kuba yoroshye bihagije kugira ngo agabanye ubukana no kwemerera moteri gukoresha ingufu zikoresha lisansi neza, ariko akagira ubukana buhagije kugira ngo agumane icyuma cy'ingenzi cyo kurinda (gutandukanya imbibi z'umupaka) hagati y'ibice by'ingenzi bigenda. Guhitamo amavuta yoroshye cyane bigabanya uburambe bwa moteri no kuyirinda, ubwumvikane bufatwa nk'ubudashoboka bitewe n'ikiguzi kinini cyo kwangirika kwa moteri no kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibice.
Uruhare rw'ubucucike mu kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere no ku buzima bwa moteri
Ubushyuhe bwiza ni ingenzi cyane mu kugera ku mikorere myiza no kugabanya imyuka yangiza. Gutera imbere kwa spray ku bushyuhe buke cyangwa ku buryo buhamye ku bushyuhe bwinshi byongera uruvange rw'amavuta n'umwuka, bityo bigagabanya imyuka ya hydrocarbon idatwitswe (HC). Byongeye kandi, kugenzura neza ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ikorwa rya azote oxide (NOx), kuko kwiyongera gukabije kwa ubushyuhe bishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo butaziguye mu gukora umwanda.
Ku bikomoka ku mazi menshi (nk'amavuta cyangwa HFO ifite ubukana bwinshi), gushyushya mbere ni intambwe y'ingenzi yo kugabanya ubukana no kunoza uburyo bwo gutemba mbere yo gutwika. Ingamba zihariye zo gushyiraho atomization zikoreshwa—kuva ku bitwika by'umuvuduko ku bikomoka ku mazutu bifite ubukana buke kugeza ku bikomoka ku mwuka cyangwa ibikomoka ku bicupa bizunguruka ku bikomoka ku mazutu bifite ubukana bwinshi (>100 cSt)—bigenwa n'ubukana bwapimwe bwa lisansi.
Ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bitwika bikora neza bushingiye ku kwakira lisansi mu gice gito cy'ubushyuhe. Uko ibiryo bigenda bihinduka bitewe no kuvanga no gushyira mu bikorwa ubwoko bushya bw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, kwishingikiriza ku bushyuhe busanzwe bukoreshwa mbere yo gushyushya biba isoko idahoraho y'imikorere mibi. Ikibazo ni uko ubushyuhe busabwa kugira ngo hagerwe ku bushyuhe bukenewe bwo gushyushya (urugero, 10–20 cSt) buhinduka cyane bitewe n'imiterere y'ibanze y'igice cy'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Iyo umukozi yishingikirije ku gice gishaje cy'igice gishya, gihinduka, ubushyuhe butangwa ku munwa buzaba buke, butanga icyizere cyo gutwika kutuzuye, kongera imyuka ihumanya, n'ikiguzi cyo gukora kiri hejuru.gupima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansibikuraho ubu burwayi burimo.
Byongeye kandi, gucunga neza ubushyuhe bigabanya ingufu z'inyongera zisabwa kugira ngo lisansi inyuzwe mu buryo bwo kohereza no kuyikoresha. Iyo ubushyuhe bwemerewe guhinduka cyane, umutwaro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa umwuka ushyushye ku mashini zitwara amashanyarazi n'izikoresha ubushyuhe urazamuka. Mu gukomeza ubushyuhe bwiza mu gihe nyacyo binyuze mu buryo bwo kugenzura bwikora, mashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa mashini ku mashini zitwara amashanyarazi kandi ikagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa n'izikoresha ubushyuhe bw'amavuta, bigatanga inyungu nini kandi ishoboka uretse kunoza ubushyuhe gusa.
Imbonerahamwe: Ingaruka z'imikorere zo kunyura mu buryo bunyuranyije n'imizigo
| Igihugu cy'ubucucike | Ingaruka ku Iterambere ry'Umuvuduko/Gutanga Imvura | Ingaruka ku gutwika/gukuraho atomization | Ingaruka ku mikorere myiza n'ibice bigize |
| Hejuru cyane (Ubunini) | Ingufu zo gukompa ziyongera, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka mu mazuru ugabanuka. Ingaruka zo kuziba imiyoboro. | Atomu idahagije, ibitonyanga binini bigatuma umuriro udashya neza. | Ibikomoka ku binyabiziga byangiritse, ifu y’ibishishwa byiyongera, imyuka myinshi ya HC/NOx. Gushyushya cyane birakenewe. |
| Hasi cyane (Hato cyane) | Itandukaniro rito ry'urwego rw'imipaka, imbaraga nke za firime mu pompe. | Ingaruka zo kugira atome nyinshi cyangwa umuriro udahindagurika, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gutwika. | Gushira vuba no kwangirika kw'ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu ya lisansi (ipompo, injectors). Kugabanya uburinzi ku gukururana kwa mashini. |
Real TimeKugenzura ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansi
Intege nke z'ibizamini bya laboratwari bidakomeza
Gushingira ku igenzura risanzwe rya laboratwari cyangwa isuzuma rya buri kwezi bitanga igihe cy'ubukererwe hagati y'ikibazo cy'ubukonje n'ibikorwa byo gukosora. Mu nzira zihinduka, haba mu buryo bwo kuvanga uruganda cyangwa moteri zihuta cyane, ubuziranenge bw'amavuta bushobora guhinduka ako kanya bitewe n'ibintu nka oxidation, gushonga na gaze yo mu buryo bw'imikorere, cyangwa kwandura. Mu bikorwa by'ingenzi, nka compressors za gaze, kugabanuka vuba kwa viscosity ya amavuta bishobora gutuma bearing yangirika, mbere yuko raporo ya laboratwari yemeza ikibazo iboneka. Uburyo bwo gupima muri laboratwari hanze y'aho hantu burakomeye kandi buhenze bitewe n'imbogamizi z'ibikoresho ndetse n'igihe kidakwiye cyo kwakira amakuru ashobora gukemuka.
Guhindura Igenzura Rikora ku Mutekano Ushingiye ku Buyobozi Bukora ku Mutekano
Igisubizo kiri mu gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bufunganye, aho ikimenyetso cyo gusubiza gikoreshwa buri gihe kugira ngo gikomeze kuba cyiza, bigatumasisitemu yo kugenzura ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansikwigenzura byuzuye.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'iri koranabuhanga ry'ingirakamaro cyane rituma ubushyuhe bwapimwe butegeka ubushyuhe busabwa mbere yo gushyushya, bigahindura cyane imiterere y'ubugenzuzi. Ubu buryo bukuraho uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu gushyushya nk'ikintu kidasobanutse cyo gushyushya, ahubwo bugatanga uburyo buhoraho bwo kwikora.gupima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansiaho ikoreshwa (urugero, agace k'icyuma gitwika). Ibi bikuraho ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ribaho iyo habayeho guhinduranya hagati y'imitwaro itandukanye ya lisansi cyangwa amatsinda.
Inyungu zo gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura buhoraho mu buryo bwihuse ni nyinshi: gutanga ibitekerezo byihuse bituma habaho kunoza ibikorwa bihoraho, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bihora bihindagurika mu gihe bigabanya umusaruro w’imyanda idakenewe. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga bukuraho igenzura rihoraho kandi ritoroshye risabwa n’abakozi b’abahanga kandi bunoza cyane uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu mu buryo bwo kohereza amavuta mu gihe hakirindwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Kugira ngo amakuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo akoreshwe mu nganda zigenzurwa, cyane cyane ku bijyanye no kohereza abafite ubumuga cyangwa kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho yo mu mazi, interinetiIgikoresho cyo gupima ubukana bw'amavutaigomba kuba ifite ukuri gushoboka kwemeza. Kubera ko ibisobanuro by'ubucuruzi akenshi bisaba gutanga raporoubukana bwa peteroli ya lisansiku bushyuhe busanzwe (urugero, 50°C), sisitemu yo gufunga igomba gutanga amakuru yihuse ya viscosity ahubwo igomba no guhuza ibipimo by'ubucucike kugira ngo ibarwe kandi itange raporo ku gaciro ka kinematic gakenewe, bityo igakomeza inzira ikomeye kandi igenzurwa yo kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Ni ngombwa ko abayobozi b'inganda basobanukirwa ko gushyiraho neza uburyo bukorasisitemu yo kugenzura ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansibisaba uburyo bwo gukora imashini ikora neza, ntabwo ari ugushyiraho sensor gusa. Ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo bushingiye ku bwiza bw'icyitegererezo cyakiriwe na sensor. Imbogamizi zikunze kugaragara mu nganda—nk'imirongo miremire cyane yo kohereza ingero, amazi adahagije, ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko, cyangwa imipaka idakenewe—bishobora kugoreka cyane igipimo. Kugira ngo sisitemu ifunguye igere ku buryo bunoze ibipimo by'amazi n'ubushyuhe bikikijeIgikoresho cyo gupima ubukana bw'amavutakugira ngo habeho kwemeza ko hazabaho icyitegererezo gihagarariye abandi.
Menya byinshi ku bipimo by'ubucucike
Ibindi bipimo by'imikorere kuri interineti
Akamaro ka Lonnmeter: Igikoresho gipima ubukana bw'amavuta gikomeye ku mirongo y'ingenzi
Imiterere isaba ingufu nyinshi mu gukora peteroli—harimo umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'imbogamizi ziterwa no gufata peteroli zikomeye zirimo kwangirika no guhumanya—bisabaIgikoresho cyo gupima ubukana bw'amavutayubatswe ku buryo iramba cyane kandi ikora neza. Lonnmeter Viscometer, yakozwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya vibrating rod cyangwa acoustic wave (AW), itanga ubwizerwe bukenewe muri iyi mirongo y'ingenzi y'imikorere.
Ubuhanga bwo Gupima: Uburyo bwo Gupima bwa Lonnmeter
Ingufu z'ingenzi za Lonnmeter zishingiye ku miterere yayo ikomeye kandi ikora neza, ikoresha inkoni ihindagurika hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi. Ubu buryo butari ubw'ikoranabuhanga bukuraho intege nke zisanzwe za viscometer zisanzwe, butuma zidakomeza kubungabungwa neza kandi bugatanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku ihumana rikomeye n'ubwandu busanzwe muri serivisi ya HFO.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Lonnmeter ryagenewe by'umwihariko kwinjizwa mu mazi yuzuye kandi ritanga ibipimo byizewe kandi binoze ndetse no mu mikorere ikomeye, harimo igitutu kigera kuri psi 10.000 (700 bar) n'ubushyuhe bugera kuri 180 °C. Akamaro k'ingenzi mu kugenzura ibikorwa ni uko igikoresho gikomera mu guhangana n'ibibazo bisanzwe: sensor yacyo ikomeye ipima ubukana mu gihe idahinduka bitewe n'ihindagurika rikomeye ry'umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'amazi usanzwe mu byuma bitunganya cyangwa mu byumba bya moteri zo mu mazi. Uku guhuza ubukomere n'ubuziranenge bunoze bituma habaho gukurikirana impinduka ntoya murigupima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansiifite ubuziranenge budasanzwe bw'amakuru, itanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru (urugero, 3% RM) kandi irashobora gusubirwamo neza (urugero, ).
Guhuza no Kwizerwa: Kugabanya Ihungabana ry'Imikorere
Viscometer za Lonnmeter zitanga amakuru ako kanya, zigatanga ibitekerezo nyabyo mu gihe nyacyo bikenewe mu kugenzura ibikorwa mu buryo buhoraho mu bijyanye no kuvanga, gushyushya mbere y’uko bitangira, no kugenzura imiterere y’umutungo. Uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza plug-and-play butuma byoroha guhuza na sisitemu zisanzwe zo kugenzura ibikoresho by’inganda (ICS) binyuze mu bikoresho bya digitale cyangwa analog (4-20mA), bigatuma byoroha kandi bihendutse gushyira mu buryo bugezweho ibyuma bishyushya amavuta n’ibikoresho byo kuvanga.
Uretse kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa lisansi, ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi cyane mu kurinda umutungo w’imbere. Sisitemu za Lonnmeter zikoreshwa cyane mu kugenzura ubuzima bw’amavuta mu bikoresho by’ingenzi, nka compressors za gaze screw, aho kugabanuka vuba kwa viscosity guterwa no gushonga kwa gaze cyangwa oxidation bishobora guhita bibangamira ibyuma bizunguruka cyangwa bisunika. Gukurikirana buri gihe kuri interineti bikora nk'uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare, birinda kwangirika gukomeye no kudakora neza kw'ibikoresho.
Imbonerahamwe: Ibisobanuro bya Viscometer kuri interineti ya Lonnmeter (Ikoranabuhanga rya Vibrating Rod)
| Ikiranga/Igipimo | Igipimo gisanzwe cy'imikorere | Inyungu ku micungire y'amavuta ya lisansi mu mikorere |
| Ubwoko bw'ibipimo | Ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika (Pa·s cyangwa cP) | Itanga igipimo cy’ubudahangarwa bw’amazi gikenewe kugira ngo ivange neza kandi igenzure mbere yo gushyushya. |
| Ubushyuhe bwo gukora | Kugeza kuri 180 °C | Gupima bidasubirwaho mu gihe cyo gutunganya cyane cyangwa mu gihe cyo gushyushya mbere yo gushya hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi. |
| Umuvuduko w'imikorere | Kugeza kuri psi 10.000 (umurongo wa 700) | Yemerera gushyiramo neza imirongo ifite umuvuduko mwinshi nta guhindura, bigabanya ubukana bwa sisitemu. |
| Ubushobozi n'Igishushanyo mbonera | Ibice Bidakora, Sensor Ifite Ingufu Nyinshi (urugero: Icyuma Kitarangwamo Ingufu 316L) | Gusana bike, kudahinduka kw'ihumana ry'umubiri, guhindagurika kw'amazi n'amazi. |
| Gusubiramo | Ni byiza cyane (urugero, ) | Itanga ibitekerezo byizewe by'ingenzi kuri sisitemu zigenzura zifunganye. |
| Umusaruro/Guhuza | 4-20mA / Digital / Universal Plug-and-Play | Kwishyira hamwe mu buryo buboneye muri ibi birihosisitemu yo kugenzura ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansiibikorwa remezo. |
SABA UBUGANIRO: Ongera uburyo bwawe bwo kuvanga uyu munsi.
