Igipimo cy'ubwinshi bwa Urea mu mikorere yo gusohora amaraso
Amabwiriza akaze agenga ubuziranenge bw'umwuka ku isi yose asaba inganda kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya azote (NOx). Urea, ikintu cyizewe kandi kidahinduka, gikunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu zo gusohora umwuka kugira ngo kigabanye NOx. Icy'ingenzi ni ukugereranya ingano ya urea iterwa n'urugero rwa NOx mu mwuka ufunguye kugira ngo hagerwe ku kugabanuka kwa NOx byifuzwa nta kibazo.
UGutanga ingero nkeya ntibigabanya NOx bihagije, bigatera kutubahiriza amabwiriza. Gukoresha ingero nyinshi z'imyanda bitera imbaraga, byongera ikiguzi, kandi bigatera "kugwa kwa ammonia" - ammonia idakoreshejwe neza isohoka mu kirere. Kugwa kwa ammonia birahenze, byangiza ibidukikije, kandi bishobora gukora imyunyu ifata nka ammonium bisulfate na ammonium sulfate, bihumanya ibikoresho, bigagabanya imikorere, kandi bigatera kwangirika.
Imbogamizi zo kugenzura urea kuri interineti
Guhumanya, Guhindura kristalo, no Kwangirika
GuhumanyaNi ikibazo gikomeje kubaho, cyane cyane iyo amazi akomeye akoreshwa mu gushonga kw'ibikomoka kuri urea. Imyunyu ngugu iri mu mazi akomeye ishobora kuva mu gikoresho, bigatuma ibice by'ingenzi bikura kandi bigafunga, harimo n'imiyoboro y'inshinge n'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor. Iki kintu gishobora gutera ibipimo bitari byo kandi kigasaba kubungabunga no gusukura kenshi kandi bihenze, bigagabanya cyane igihe cy'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga.
Guhindura kristaloBirashoboka ko bibaho ku bushyuhe buke bw'imyotsi (ubusanzwe buri munsi ya 200−250∘C) no ku buso aho umuti wa urea ugira ingaruka ku nkuta z'imiyoboro, bigatera firime. Filimi nini, akenshi iterwa no kwiyongera k'ingano y'amazi cyangwa ingano y'ibitonyanga, ituma bigorana ko molekile za urea zishira burundu, bigatera kristu. Iyi nzira ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma ibyuma bifunga insinga n'amazi.
Thekamere yo kwangizaUmuti wa urea ubwawo ubangamira cyane ibikoresho. Gutunganya urea bikubiyemo ikorwa rya ammonium carbamate, ikintu gishobora kwangiza cyane gishobora kwangiza vuba ibikoresho bisanzwe, bigatuma ibikoresho bipfa nabi. Bityo rero, guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi, kuko ibice bisanzwe bishobora kudakora kandi bigasaba gusimburwa buri gihe muri iki gihe gikaze.
Ufite ibibazo bijyanye no kunoza inzira zo gukora umusaruro？
Ingaruka z'Imiterere y'Ihindagurika ry'Inzira ku Gupima
Imiterere y’amazi ubwayo itera ingorane zo gupima neza. Ubucucike bw’amazi bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe n’umuvuduko. Ndetse n’impinduka nto mu bushyuhe zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo cya azote ya urea. Ingano zishobora guterwa cyane no gutanga amakuru atari yo kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura hatabayeho gupima ubushyuhe bukwiye. Uku guhindagurika kwerekana ko hakenewe cyane sensor ya urea ikoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo ikosore uku guhindagurika kw’imikorere.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibintu nk'umuvuduko w'amazi, ubushyuhe, no kuba hari utubumbe tw'umwuka dushobora gutera kudahindagurika no gukora amakosa akomeye, bigasaba igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga gikomeye kandi cyizewe mu gihe cy'imikorere ihindagurika.
Igisubizo cya Lonnmeter: Igipimo cy'ingano ya Urea
Ihame ry'imikorere ya Sensor ya Urea Concentration
Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bwa urea mu gihe cy’ibikorwa ni sensor iri mu murongo ikoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe cyangwa ubucucike bw’ibinyabutabire mu miyoboro, mu matangi no mu yindi miyoboro. Ingano y’ubushyuhe bw’iforoko ihindagurika ihinduka mu buryo butaziguye ku bunini n’ubucucike bw’ibinyabutabire biyikikije. Sensore igizwe n’iforoko ifite ishusho ya U ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo izunguze ku bunini buhamye bw’ubushyuhe. Iyo iyi foroko yinjijwe mu mazi, uburemere bw’ibinyabutabire byongera uburemere bw’ubunini bw’iforoko, bigatuma ubunini bwayo bugabanuka. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya sensore rikomeza gukurikirana ubu bucucike bw’ubunini. Mu guhuza ubu bucucike bw’ubunini n’umurongo wagenwe mbere, igikoresho gishobora gutanga igipimo nyacyo kandi gisubirwamo cy’ubucucike bw’ibinyabutabire.
Igishya nyacyo kiri mu ihinduka kuva ku gusesengura ubucucike bw'ibanze kugera ku gaciro k'ubucucike bw'imikorere. Lonnmeter ibigeraho ishyiramo sensor y'ubushyuhe ifite ubuziranenge buhanitse mu buryo butaziguye. Iyi sensor itanga amakuru y'ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo ku gice cy'imbere gitunganya, hanyuma ikoresha uburyo buhanitse bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe. Ubu buryo bukosora isomwa ry'ubucucike rigasubira ku bushyuhe busanzwe, bigagabanya ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere. Iyi gaciro y'ubucucike ikosowe hanyuma igahindurwamo ubucucike bwihariye, nk'ijanisha ku buremere. Iyi nzira y'intambwe ebyiri—gupima imiterere ifatika (ubucucike) hagakurikiraho impinduka binyuze mu gupima curve no kwishyura ubushyuhe—ni ingenzi mu gutanga igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa urea nyacyo kandi cyizewe.
Imiterere y’icyuma gipima ubushyuhe (tuning fork sensor) itanga inyungu ikomeye mu buryo bugoye bwo gupima ubushyuhe. Kubera ko kidafite utudomo duto, imiyoboro mito, cyangwa diaphragms zoroshye, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bikunze kwangiza ikoranabuhanga. Imiterere yacyo ikomeye kandi ifunguye ituma amazi atembera neza mu tudomo duhindagurika, bigabanya amahirwe y’uko amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa kristu za urea ziyongera kandi zigatuma ibipimo bigabanuka.
Yakozwe mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije byo mu bwoko bwa Denitration
Kubera ko Lonnmeter imaze kubona imiterere ikabije y’uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, yahinduye ibyuma byayo bifite ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho ku isonga. Ibice by’ingenzi by’icyo gikoresho bitose byubatswe mu bikoresho bikomeye nka 316 stainless steel, bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, cyane cyane ibintu bikaze cyane nka ammonium carbamate. Ibikoresho birwanya ingese byongera igihe cyo kubaho cy’igikoresho gipima ubucucike, igihe cyo kugitunganya, no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza mu gihe kitagenwe.
Uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe buhuriweho hamwe na algorithms zihambaye bikemura ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, bigatuma isomo rihoraho kandi ryizewe hatitawe ku ihindagurika ry'amazi y'imikorere.
Guhuza no guhuza ibintu mu buryo butagira umuvuduko
Umusaruro w'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa Lonnmeter wa 4-20mA uhuzwa byoroshye na sisitemu za PLC cyangwa DCS kubera ko:
- Insinga zoroshye:Nk'icyuma gitanga amakuru gifite insinga ebyiri, gikoresha insinga ebyiri zo kohereza amakuru haba ku ngufu no mu kohereza amakuru, bigabanye ubukana bw'ibyo bintu.
- Ikimenyetso cyizewe:Ikimenyetso cya 4-20mA ntikigira ingaruka ku kugabanuka k'amashanyarazi mu ntera ndende kandi ntikigira ingaruka ku rusaku rw'amashanyarazi ndetse n'ingaruka ku ngufu za electromagnetic.
- Gupima umurongo:Ku gipimo cya 0-100%, 4mA ihwanye na 0% na 20mA kugeza 100%, bigatuma habaho gupima mu buryo bworoshye muri sisitemu yo kugenzura.
- Umutekano kandi uhamye:Gushyiraho neza agasanduku k'ibikoresho bipima neza ibimenyetso n'umutekano w'amashanyarazi, bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'inganda.
Ahantu heza ho gushyira abantu mu bikorwa n'ibyiza bifatika
Gushyira mu bikorwa neza uburyo bwo gupima neza urea bikubiyemo ibirenze gupima neza gusa; ahubwo binareba uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa neza kugira ngo inyungu ziboneke mu mikorere yazo zirusheho kwiyongera.
Icyiciro cyo gutegura no kubika umuti wa Urea
Ingingo ya mbere kandi yumvikana yo gushyiraho sensor ni mu ntangiriro y'igikorwa cyo gusohora amazi: gutegura no kubika urea. Sensor yashyizwe muri iki cyiciro itanga uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kurinda ubuziranenge, igenzura ko umuti wateguwe uri ku rugero rukwiye mbere yuko woherezwa muri sisitemu yo gupima. Iki gipimo gishobora guhita kibona amakosa aturutse ku gushonga nabi kw'intoki, ihinduka ry'ibikomoka kuri urea ikomeye, cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'amazi yanduye, bikarinda ko ibyo bibazo bikwirakwira mu mazi no kwangiza inzira yose. Gukurikirana ubwinshi bw'amazi mu kigega cyo kubikamo bitanga kandi igikoresho cy'agaciro cyo gucunga ububiko, kwemeza ko hari uburyo buhamye kandi bwiteguye bwo gutanga reagent yakozwe neza.
Gukurikirana Imirongo y'Inshinge n'Ingano
Kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kugenzura neza imiterere y’umuvuduko ufunze, hagomba gushyirwaho icyuma gipima urea mu gice gitera umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa umurongo wo gupima mbere gato y’uko imiyoboro y’inshinge ishyirwamo. Iyi miyoboro itanga uburyo bwo gupima neza kandi butaziguye reagent yinjira muri sisitemu mu gihe nyacyo. Aya makuru ni yo shingiro ry’ingamba zo kugenzura zigezweho zihora zihindura igipimo cy’inshinge hashingiwe ku rugero rwa NOx rwa gaze ya flue, ubushyuhe bwa catalyst, n’ibindi bipimo by’imikorere.
Nubwo bumwe mu buryo bwo kugenzura bugaragaza ibibazo bituruka ku ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko mu murongo w'ikoreshwa ry'umuti, gupima mu buryo butaziguye kandi buhoraho bitanga ikimenyetso gikomeye kandi cyizewe. Bishobora kubona amakosa ya pompe, kuziba igice, cyangwa ikibazo cyo gupima cyane/kugabanya umuti, bigatuma habaho igisubizo cyihuse kandi cyikora mbere yuko imikorere ya NOx yo kugabanya umuvuduko w'umuti igabanuka. Ubu buryo butuma uruganda ruva ku buryo bwo kubungabunga bukora bujya ku buryo bwo guhanura.
Isano iri hagati ya Amoniya na Slip
Agaciro k'ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe bwa urea karenze kure aho amakuru amwe aturuka. Binyuze mu gutanga amakuru ahamye kandi yizewe, iki kimenyetso gifasha sisitemu yo kugenzura gucunga neza igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibikomoka ku bimera, bigatuma igipimo cyiza cya stoichiometric kigumaho. Ubu buhanga bufitanye isano itaziguye no kugabanya igabanuka rya ammonia. Igikorwa cyo gukabya gishobora kwirindwa mu gihe nyacyo, bigabanyije imyanda ya amonia ndetse n'ingaruka z'ibidukikije ziterwa n'imyuka ya ammonia idakoreshejwe.
Agaciro ku bakiriya
- Kugabanya NOx no kubahiriza amategeko;
- Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya Reagent n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere
- Kongera igihe cyo gukora no kugabanya imitwaro yo kubungabunga
