Igipimo cy'ubwinshi bw'aside ya Tartaric mu gukora divayi
Wumusaruro wa inebyafashwe nk'uruvange rw'ubuhanzi na siyansi.aside ya Tartaricni aside organic y'ibanze iboneka mu nzabibu, ikintu cyihariye kigira uruhare runini (42.8–77%) rw'ibikubiye muri aside organic yose,aside ya divayi ikomeye cyane ishingiye ku bintu biyitandukanya (pKa).
Igice cy'ingenzi cyaaside tartarikeni ugukomera kwayo; bitandukanye n'izindi aside, ikomeza kuba idahinduka bitewe n'umusemburo kandi ntishobora kwangirika cyane mu gihe cy'inzoga.-gukora. Ibi bivuze kourugero rwa aside tartarike mu divayini ikimenyetso cyerekana neza ko iboneka mu nzabibu, byongereweho n'inyongera zikurikiyeho. Bityo rero, gupima neza mu ntangiriro yainzira yo gukora divayiNtabwo bihagije; ikibazo nyacyo kiri mu gucunga uburyo ikorana nabyo kuko amazi ahinduka kuva ku nzabibu zigomba kuba divayi irangiye.
Uburyo aside ya Tartarike igena imiterere y'amatwi n'uburyo ahagaze
Kuba harihoaside tartarikeitanga imiterere yihariye kuri divayi, bigatuma igira uburyohe buvugwa ko bukomeye, bunoze kandi bushyushye. Ariko,ibyiza bya aside tartarikeIrenze kure imiterere yoroheje y’ibyumviro. Ni ikintu cy’ingenzi kigaragaza pH y’inzoga, ari na byo bigena uburyo idashobora kwangirika ndetse n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gusaza igihe kirekire.
Ifite ubuzima bwizaaside tartarikeIbikubiye muri iyo miterere bituma pH iba nke, bigatuma habaho ibidukikije bidashobora kwangirika ku dukoko twangiza. Uku guhagarara neza kwa mikorobe ni ingenzi cyane, kuko bigira ingaruka ku rugero rukenewe rwa dioxyde de sulfur (SO2).2) inyongera. pH nkeya bisaba ko SO2ku bw'uburinzi, inyungu ikomeye ku bakora divayi bashaka kugabanya sulfite kugira ngo birinde uburyohe n'impumuro bidakenewe bishobora guterwa no kongeramo byinshi.
Outarazacy'ubwiyongere budasanzwe bwa aside ya Tartarike
Gukabyaurugero rwa aside tartarike mu divayibishobora gutuma habaho imyunyu idashonga, cyane cyane potasiyumu bitartrate (KHT) na kalisiyumu tartrate (CaT). Ibi binyabutabire bishobora kwibira, bigatera kristu zihagarara hasi mu icupa cyangwa zigafata ku gikoresho. Nubwo izi kristu zitangiza kandi ntizigira ingaruka ku buryohe bwa divayi, kuba zihari bishobora gutuma abaguzi batabona neza, bigatera isura mbi ku bwiza n'agaciro k'umusaruro.
Hejuruigipimo cya aside tartarikehejuru y’ingano isanzwe ya 1500 kugeza 4000 mg/L nabyo bishobora gutuma habaho uburyohe butari bwiza kandi busharira cyane. Ikorwa rya tartrate si ikibazo cy’ubwiza gusa; ni ingaruka zitaziguye z’ihindagurika ry’imiti rigomba gucungwa. Ihindagurika rikomeye kandi rihoraho hagatiaside tartariken'izindi iyoni hirya no hino muriinzira yo gukora divayibituma bigora kugenzura hakoreshejwe uburyo gakondo bwo gupima budahoraho.
Uburyo gakondo bwo gupima n'imbogamizi zabwo
Gupima nezaurugero rwa aside tartarike mu divayikuva kera byari ingenzi, ariko bigoye, mu gukora divayi. Inzitizi z'uburyo busanzwe zigaragaza ko hakenewe igisubizo gishya cy'ikoranabuhanga gishobora gutanga amakuru nyayo kandi yizewe nta mbogamizi zikomoka ku buryo bw'intoki cyangwa ubundi buryo.
Gutanga amanota ku buryo butaziguye kandi busaba imbaraga nyinshi mu kazi
Uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gupima aside, no mu buryo bwagutseaside tartarike, ni isuzuma ry'amajwi n'intoki cyangwa ikoresha ikoranabuhanga.MGuteranya ingano y'umubiri mu mwaka ni igikorwa gitwara igihe kinini kandi gisaba imbaraga nyinshi.TheUburyo bushingiye ku matsinda butuma budakwiye gukomeza gukurikirana ibikorwa bihindagurika nko guhinga. Kugira ngo ugere ku musaruro mwiza kandi ushobora kongera kuboneka, ubu buryo busaba umutekinisiye w’umuhanga. Intege nke z’ingenzi z’ubu buryo ni ukwishingikiriza ku bushishozi bw’umuntu ku giti cye.
Iherezo ry'ibara rikunze kugaragazwa n'impinduka z'ibara ry'ishusho, urugero, guhinduka ku ibara ry'umutuku ririmo phenolphthaleine. Uku kwishingikiriza ku isura y'ishusho bishobora gutera amakosa ku muntu ukora, aho abantu batandukanye bashobora guhamagara iherezo mu bihe bitandukanye, bigatera ibisubizo bidahuye.
InzitiziIbipimo bitaziguye
Abakora divayi bakunze gukoresha pH nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe, ariko si cyo gipimo cy'ubushyuheigipimo cya aside tartarikepH ipima imbaraga za aside ipima ingano ya iyoni za hydrogeni yigenga (H+) mu gisubizo, mu gihe aside ikoreshwa (TA) ipima ingano yose ya aside yatandukanyijwe n'iyidatandukanyijwe. Isano iri hagati y'ibi bipimo bibiri ntihora yoroshye, kuko igipimo cya aside zitandukanye—nk'aside malic naaside tartarike—ishobora guhinduka, ikagira ingaruka ku pH nta mpinduka ijyanye na TA.
Ingingo y'ingenzi igaragaza ko ibi bipimo bidahagije ni uko pH y'umutobe ari ikimenyetso kibi cyane cya pH ya divayi. Imvura ya KHT, igikorwa kibaho cyane cyane nyuma yo gutangira guhinga, itera impinduka zikomeye muri pH. Ibi bivuze ko uruganda rukora divayi rudashobora gukora igerageza rya bench pre-fermentation ngo rwitege ko ibisubizo bizahoraho mu gihe cyose.umurongo ukorerwa divayiIbi bibasigira amahitamo agoye: kudakoresha aside nkeya no kwangiza mikorobe, cyangwa kudakoresha aside nyinshi no gushyira mu kaga umusaruro wa nyuma ufite imiterere mibi y’ibyumviro. Uku kudahinduka kw’ingirabuzimafatizo, kudashoboka gukurikirana hakoreshejwe ikizamini kimwe, bigaragaza icyuho kinini mu bushobozi gakondo bwo gupima.
Ufite ibibazo bijyanye no kunoza inzira zo gukora umusaruro？
Igisubizo cy’Ubuhanga mu Gupima mu Murongo
Igipimo cya ultrasonic cya Lonnmeter kigaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga, gitanga igisubizo gikwiye kandi gikomeye bihagije kugira ngo gihuze n'ibikenewe bikomeye mu buryo bwa none.umurongo ukorerwa divayi.
Guhuza Icyuho: Uburyo bwo gukora neza no kwizera mu gihe nyacyo
Imashini ipima aside tartarike ya Lonnmeter ni icyuma gipima aside tartarike cyagenewe gupima mu buryo burambuye, bukomeza, kandi butangiza. Bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo gupima hakoreshejwe intoki, itanga amakuru ako kanya, yemerera abakora divayi gukurikirana no gusubiza impinduka zihinduka uko zigenda. Ubu bushobozi burenze inyungu yoroshye; bugaragaza impinduka z'ibanze. Amakuru ahoraho kandi y'igihe nyacyo ashobora gushyirwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora, bigatuma habaho inzira ifunganye aho inyongera za aside cyangwa ibindi bipimo bihindurwa mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku bitekerezo nyabyo. Ibi bihindura inzira yo gukora divayi kuva ku kuba iyo gusubiza ibibazo ikajya ku kubikumira burundu.
Fiziki y'ibanze yo gupima ubushobozi bwa Ultrasonic
Ingano ya aside tartarike ya Lonnmetermeteriikora ku ihame ry'ibanze ry'umubiri ryo gupima umuvuduko w'urusaku rw'ijwi uko rukwirakwira mu buryo bw'amazi. Ishusho igizwe n'icyuma gitanga amakuru n'icyuma gitanga amakuru giherereye ku ntera idahinduka kandi izwi hagati yacyo (d). Mu gupima igihe nyacyo bifata kugira ngo ikimenyetso cya ultrasound kive kuri icyo cyuma kijya kuri icyo cyuma (t), umuvuduko w'ijwi (v) ushobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula yoroshye: v=d/t.
Imiterere ifatika ituma ubu buryo buba ingirakamaro bwo gupima ni isano iri hagati yaurugero rwa aside tartarike mu divayin'umuvuduko w'ijwi ry'amazi. Umuvuduko w'urusaku mu mazi uterwa n'imiterere yarwo, cyane cyane ubucucike bwarwo n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora. Iyo ikintu gikomeye, nkaaside tartarike, ishongeshejwe mu mazi, ihindura iyi miterere, bigatuma habaho isano itaziguye kandi ishoboka hagati y’ubwinshi bw’ijwi n’umuvuduko w’ijwi.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi muri ubu buryo ni ugukenera gupima ubushyuhe. Umuvuduko w'amajwi nawo uterwa cyane n'ubushyuhe; guhinduka kwa dogere selisiyusi 1 gusa bishobora gutera ihinduka rikomeye mu muvuduko. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ingano ya aside tartarike ya Lonnmeterigipimoifite icyuma gikomeye cyo gupima ubushyuhe bw'amazi gipima ubushyuhe bw'amazi icyarimwe n'umuvuduko w'amajwi. Hanyuma sisitemu ikoresha iyi miyoboro ibiri y'amakuru kugira ngo ikosore ingaruka z'ubushyuhe, itandukanya ihinduka ry'ibipimo kandi ikemeza ko ipima neza cyane. Ubushobozi bw'iki gipimoinumurongogushyira mu gaciroigipimoGutanga umusaruro mwinshi icyarimwe—uburyo ijwi rituje, umuvuduko w'amajwi, n'ubushyuhe—ni ikintu cy'ingenzi muri ubu buryo bugezweho bwo kwishyura.
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingaruka zisanzwe zo gukora divayi
Igishushanyo mbonera gikomeye cya Lonnmeter gifunganye gitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imimerere yihariye kandi ikunze kuba ikibazo mu miterere y’inzoga. Icyo gikoresho cyakozwe ku buryo kidahungabanywa n’ihindagurika, urusaku, amazi atemba, ibara, ifuro, cyangwa ibintu bikomeye bihagaze.
Ubushyuhe n'ibara:Bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo gupima ibara ry'urumuri cyangwa ibara ry'umukara, bubangamirwa n'ihinduka ry'ibara ry'umuzabibu na divayi itukura, ihame rya Lonnmeter rikora neza nta nkomyi. Ibi bikemura ikibazo kimaze igihe kinini mu nganda.
Ifuro na Gazi:Mu gihe cyo gushyushya, haba hari ifuro rinini na dioxyde de carbone (CO2) ishongeshejwe, bishobora kwangiza ubundi bwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gupima, nk'ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Lonnmeter rikoresha frequency yo hejuru ryakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo ritange ibipimo byizewe ndetse no mu gihe cy'umwuka mwinshi.
Ibintu bikomeye bimanitse n'ibipimo:Igipimo cy’inzoga cya Lonnmeter nta bice byimuka kandi gifite imiterere ifunze neza. Ibi bituma kidapfa kwangirika bitewe n’ibintu bikomeye bimanitse ndetse no kwirundanya bivuye mu gupima, ibyo bikaba ari ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu gukora divayi bibangamira izindi koranabuhanga. Ingaruka zabyo ni ukugabanuka cyane kw’ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gupima neza uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Inyungu ku mikorere n'ubukungu mu ikorwa ry'inzoga
Gushyiramo icyuma gipima aside cya Lonnmeter mu ruganda rukora divayi si ukuvugurura tekiniki gusa, ahubwo ni ishoramari ritanga inyungu zikomeye mu mikorere no mu bukungu.
| Urugendo rwo Gukora divayi | Inyungu ku bikorwa | Inyungu mu by'ubukungu | Inyungu nziza |
| Gutunganya umutobe w'imizabibu | Bikuraho gukekeranya mu gupima aside; bitanga amakuru yo gutanga dose nyayo | Ikiguzi cy'imiti cyagabanutse; igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa cyagabanutse bitewe no kwangirika | Imiterere y'amatwi irushaho kuba myiza; mikorobe zihamye zihamye |
| Gushyushya | Bifasha gukurikirana buri gihe impinduka zihinduka mu binyabutabire | Bigabanya gukenera kongeramo imiti mu gihe cya nyuma | Birinda uburyohe n'impumuro karemano; birinda guhagarara kw'ubushyuhe |
| Gutuza no Guteza imbere Ubusaza | Bifasha mu gihe cyo gutuza ubukonje; bifasha mu gutuma imvura igwa neza | Kuzigama ingufu cyane; abakozi bagabanuka | Birinda ogisijeni no gutakaza impumuro nziza; bitanga icyizere cyo kutabangamira amaso |
| Kuvanga no gushyira mu macupa mbere y'igihe | Bituma habaho ubwumvikane hagati y'ibibanza; byoroshya iyubahirizwa ry'amabwiriza | Kugabanuka kw'igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa bivuye mu byiciro bitari ibyagenwe | Icupa rigumana umutekano mu gicuruzwa cya nyuma |
Imashini ipima aside ya Lonnmeter ni ishoramari rifatika ritanga inyungu igaragara kandi ikomeye ku ishoramari. Mu kugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu binyuze mu kugabanya ubukonje, no kugabanya igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa bivuye mu kwangirika no gukabya aside, ikoranabuhanga rigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku nyungu z'uruganda rwa divayi. Imiterere yarwo idakoresha amashanyarazi, idakoresha ibice bya elegitoroniki ndetse n'ibisabwa bike mu kubungabunga nabyo bigira uruhare mu gutuma ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga kigabanuka mu gihe cyose cyo kubaho kwarwo.
Itandukanye n'ikoranabuhanga gakondo n'irindi bitewe n'imikorere yayo ihoraho, ikora neza kandi ihangana n'imiterere yihariye ya divayi, nk'ibara ryayo, ubushyuhe bwayo, n'ingano yayo y'ifuro. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutumanaho mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, harimo Modbus na Profibus, butuma ihuzwa neza mu buryo bugezweho kandi bwikora mu buryo bwikora.
Guhindura icyitegererezo gishingiye ku makuru, gikoreshwa na sensor nka Lonnmeter aside concentration meter, ntabwo ari ukureba imikorere myiza gusa; ni ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago, kurinda ikirango, no kugira inyungu mu irushanwa ku isoko ry’isi rigoye. Twandikire ubu ngubu kugira ngo wongere umusaruro w’inzoga zawe.
