Igipimo cy'isukari mu musaruro wa yawurute
Ubumenyi burambuye ku bijyanye n'ibyoumurongo w'ikorwa rya yawuruteni ingenzi cyane mu kumenya ingingo zifite ingaruka nziza mu gupima neza. Iyi gahunda ni uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza impinduka mu buryo bw'umubiri n'imikorere y'ibinyabuzima, aho impinduka nto mu cyiciro icyo ari cyo cyose zishobora gutera ukutumvikana gukomeye ku bicuruzwa bya nyuma. Iri sesengura rigabanya uru ruhererekane rw'agaciro katoroshye kugira ngo rigaragaze intego nyayo n'igihe cy'ingenzi cyo gupima.gupima ingano y'isukarikuri buri cyiciro.
The ModumwimerereYogurt ProductionPramazis
Kuvanga no Gutunganya Ibikoresho by'Imbere
Iki ni cyo cyiciro cy'ibanze aho amata mabi, ifu y'amata, n'ibiryo biryoshye by'amazi bivangwa kugira ngo bigere ku ntego zihariye. Ubwiza bw'umusaruro wa nyuma bushingiye kuri ubu buryo bw'ibanze. Intego nyamukuru hano ni ugushyiraho ahantu nyaho kandi hahamye ho gutangirira ku irushanwa ryose, hagakorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ingano y'isukari yose ishobora gushya, harimo na lactose n'ibindi biryoshye byongewemo, igenzurwe neza. Ibi ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guteganya inzira zo mu ntangiriro no kwemeza ko ingano y'ibiryo ihoraho. Ibikoresho fatizo bya yawurute bisaba amahame meza, nk'ibiryo bikomeye by'amata bitarenze 11.2%. Ingano y'isukari ni igipimo cy'ubwiza bw'ibinyobwa by'amata, muri rusange bipimwa nk'ijanisha ry'ibiryo bikomeye bishobora gushonga (°Brix).
Ubuhanga bw'iki gipimo cya mbere bugira ingaruka ku ihindagurika ry'isukari mu gikorwa cyose. Ikosa rito mu gipimo cy'isukari cya mbere rishobora gutuma habaho ihindagurika rikomeye kandi ritari ryitezwe mu mikorere y'imisemburo. Imikorere y'imisemburo y'imisemburoThermophilus ya StreptococcusnaLactobacillus bulgaricusImiterere y’ibimera iterwa n’uko isukari iboneka, ibyo bigatuma pH igabanuka ndetse n’uburyohe bwa nyuma, impumuro nziza, n’uburyohe bwa yawurute. Ubuhanga bw’ibanze si uguhura gusa n’ibipimo runaka; ahubwo ni ugushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibimera, ari na bwo buryo bw’ingenzi bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa byasembuye.
Uburyo bwo kuvura mbere yo gushyushya (Homogenization & Pasteurization)
Nyuma yo gupimwa, ishingiro ry'amata rirahinduka kugira ngo hirindwe gutandukana kw'ibinure no guhindurwa poroteyine zihinduka poroteyine kandi bihagarike udukoko tudakenewe. Gupima muri iki cyiciro bifasha mu kugenzura imiterere y'ishingiro ry'amata mbere yuko amata atangira gupimwa. Imiterere mibi isaba sensor ikomeye kandi irwanya ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'ikirere gishobora kuba kirimo.
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe ni igipimo cy’ubwiza kidasubirwaho kuri sensor muri iki cyiciro. Ibipimo gakondo by’amatara cyangwa gravimetric byananirwa muri iki gihe kibi. Ibipimo bya Refractometer bishobora guhura n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’amata yahuje.sensor ya ultrasoundariko, ishobora guhangana n'ubu bushyuhe (kugeza kuri200°C) kandi ntigira ibara, kudahinduka, ndetse n'ubwinshi bw'ifuro rinini riranga ishingiro rya yawurute. Ibi si iterambere ryiyongera; ni ubushobozi bw'ibanze butuma gupima mu murongo bishoboka muri iki gihe cy'ingenzi.
Nyuma yo Gushyuha no Gukoresha Uburyohe
Nyuma yo guhinga, yawurute irakonjeshwa kugira ngo ihagarike ikorwa rya aside. Iki ni cyo gihe uburyohe, imbuto, n'ibindi biryoshye byongerwa ku rufatiro rwayo rwamaze gucukuka. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cya nyumagupima ingano y'isukari, bifitanye isano itaziguye n'imiterere y'imvange ya nyuma. Intego yo gupima ni ukureba ko umusaruro urangiye wujuje uburyohe, imiterere y'imirire, n'ibisabwa kugira ngo uryoherwe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kongeramo isukari ari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kugena uburyohe bwa nyuma, impumuro, ibara, n'ubugari bwa yawurute. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko kongera ingano y'isukari bigabanya uburyohe bw'imvange kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryohe n'impumuro y'umusaruro wa nyuma.
Gupima muri iki cyiciro bishobora kuba igikoresho cyo kubaka ikirango. Ingano y'isukari ya nyuma si umubare gusa uri ku rupapuro rugenwa; ni ikintu cy'ingenzi abaguzi bahura nacyo. Mu nganda aho abaguzi barushaho guhangayikishwa n'ingano y'isukari, kugenzura neza ni ikintu gitandukanya abanywanyi. Mu kugera ku rwego rw'uburyohe bw'inyongera, umucuruzi ashobora kwemeza uburyohe bw'inyongera buhamye ku kirango cye, akagabanya ibibazo by'abaguzi no gushimangira ubudahemuka bw'ikirango. Ubushobozi bwo gukora impinduka zihuse kandi mu buryo bufatika muri iki cyiciro, aho kwiringira gukosora ibintu byinshi, ni inzira itaziguye yo kugera ku buyobozi bwiza.
Kuzuza mbere/Gupakira
Iri ni ryo rembo rya nyuma ry’ubuziranenge mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bifungwa no koherezwa. Ni bwo buryo bwa nyuma bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Intego ni ugukora igenzura rya nyuma kandi rihamye ry’ubuziranenge kugira ngo buri gikoresho cyujuje ibisabwa haba ku buryohe ndetse no kubahiriza amategeko.
Iki gipimo cya nyuma gihindura uburyo bwo gupima kuva ku buryo bwo gukosora no gukosora ibintu bujya ku buryo bwo kwirinda. Ntabwo ari ugukosora ibintu gusa ahubwo ni ukubyemeza. Mu kugira igenzura rihoraho kandi rya nyuma, umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa ashobora kumenya vuba no gushyira mu kato ibicuruzwa byose bitari ngombwa mbere yuko bigera ku isoko, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo kongera gusubizwa amafaranga menshi, kwangirika kw'izina ry'umukiriya, ndetse n'ibibazo byo gutanga serivisi nziza ku bakiriya. Igihe cyo gusubiza vuba cy'icyuma gipima ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound ni ingenzi cyane hano, kuko gishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura valve ihindura imiterere y'ikintu kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwikora.
Ufite ibibazo bijyanye no kunoza inzira zo gukora umusaruro？
Imbonerahamwe ya 1 itanga umurongo ngenderwaho usobanutse neza ku bahanga mu by’imikorere n’abayobozi, igaragaza ingingo z’ingenzi zo kugenzura, intego yazo, n’ibisabwa. Ikora nk'urutonde rw’ibiganiro byose by’ingamba, igaragaza ubumenyi bwimbitse ku bijyanye n’ibyoinzira yo gukora yawurute mu bucuruzi.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Intambwe z'ingenzi zo gupima n'intego mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya yawurute
| Urugendo | Intego y'ibanze | Ibipimo by'ingenzi | Ubuziranenge busabwa |
| Kuvanga no Gutunganya Ibikoresho by'Imbere | Shyiraho aho gutangirira hahamye; komeza urebe ko ibintu byose bihora bihinduka. | Igipimo cy'isukari (°Brix), Igipimo cya Lactose, Ubushyuhe. | ± 0.01 Brix (cyangwa irengaho) |
| Uburyo bwo kuvura mbere yo gushyushya | Igenzura rya nyuma ry'imiterere mbere yo gutera; reba neza ko bihangana n'ibihe bikomeye. | Igipimo cy'isukari (°Brix), Ubushyuhe, Ubucucike. | ± 0.05 Brix |
| Nyuma yo Gushyuha no Gukoresha Uburyohe | Genzura imiterere y'ibyumviro bya nyuma; reba neza ko ibisabwa mu gushyira ibirango byujuje ibisabwa. | Ingano y'isukari ya nyuma (°Brix), Ubushyuhe (pH). | ± 0.05 Brix |
| Kuzuza mbere/Gupakira | Igenzura rya nyuma ry’ubuziranenge; kugabanya ibyago byo kwimurirwa mu rugo no kumenyekana kw'ikirango. | Ingano y'isukari ya nyuma (°Brix), Ubucucike. | ± 0.05 Brix |
Akamaro ka Ultrasonic: Kwibira mu buryo bwa tekiniki
Iki gice kivuga impamvu ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound atari ubundi buryo gusa, ahubwo ari igisubizo cyiza ku bijyanye n'ibidukikije bisaba imbaraga nyinshi mu gukora yawurute.
Amahame yo gupima Ultrasonic
Ihame ry'ingenzi ryo gupima ubucucike bwa ultrasound ni isano itaziguye iri hagati y'umuvuduko w'amajwi unyuze mu cyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga n'imiterere yacyo, nko gucucike n'ubucucike. Sensor itanga umuraba wa ultrasound, igapima igihe bifata kugira ngo igere ku cyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga, kandi ikabara umuvuduko w'amajwi ikoresheje formula:
v=d/t. Uyu muvuduko w'urusaku uhuzwa n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye byashongeshejwe.Igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwa UltrasonicUrugero, ikora kuri iri hame kandi ifite ubuziranenge bwo gupima kuva kuri 0.05% kugeza kuri 0.1%.
Isesengura rigereranya ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima
Mu buryo bugoye nka yawurute, ikoranabuhanga gakondo ryo gupima rifite imbogamizi zikomeye. Kugereranya ku ruhande rumwe bigaragaza ubuhanga bugaragara bw'uburyo bwa ultrasound.
Ibipimo bya Refraktometero:Ibi bikoresho bishingiye ku gipimo cy’urumuri gihinduka. Intege nke zabyo z’ibanze mu gukora yawurute ni ubushobozi bwazo bwo kumva ubushyuhe, amabara, n’uduce duto, byose bikaba ari ibintu biranga amazi. Muri make ni ikoranabuhanga ry’urumuri, bigatuma bitaba byiza ku byuma bitagaragara neza.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike:Ibi bikoresho bipima ubucucike kugira ngo bigaragaze ubucucike. Nubwo bifite akamaro, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bucucike bwinshi bw'ifuro cyangwa umwuka urimo umwuka, bigatera amakosa mu gupima.
Spektroscopy yo hafi ya infrared (NIR):Nubwo byihuse kandi bifite akamaro mu gusesengura isukari, NIR ishobora kuba igoye kandi ishobora gusaba icyitegererezo gisukuye, gupima neza, no gusesengura ibintu byinshi bitandukanye.
Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko refractometers na density meters bipima imiterere itandukanye y’umubiri (refractive index na density, uko bikurikirana) kugira ngo bigereranye agaciro kamwe (°Brix). Ibi bituma bitanga ibisubizo bitandukanye ku rugero rumwe rw’ibice byinshi. Iri si itandukaniro rito rya tekiniki; ni ikibazo cy’ibanze cyo kudasobanutse neza no kudahuza. Sensor ya ultrasound, ari yo ipima rimwe, mu murongo, ikuraho uku kudasobanutse. Itanga isoko imwe, ihamye kandi yizewe y’ukuri, bityo yoroshya kugenzura ubuziranenge no kwemeza ko bushobora kugereranywa mu nganda zitandukanye cyangwa mu mishinga y’umusaruro. Ibi bivana kugenzura ubuziranenge mu nzira y’umuntu ku giti cye, ishingiye ku gikoresho ikajya mu nzira imwe, idafite aho ibogamiye kandi isobanutse.
Imbonerahamwe ya 2 itanga igereranya ryuzuye ry'ubu buhanga.
Imbonerahamwe ya 2: Igereranya ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubushobozi bwo gupima
| Ikoranabuhanga | Uburinganire | Ubudahangarwa ku Guhinduka kw'Ikibabi/Ibara | Ubudahangarwa ku ifuro | Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira CIP/SIP | Gusana | Uburyo bwo gupima ibintu bugoye |
| Ultrasonic | Hejuru (± 0.01% by'urugero) | Hejuru (nta ngaruka) | Hejuru (nta ngaruka) | Hejuru (yubatswe ku bushake) | Hafi cyane (nta bice bigenda) | Hagati (hamwe na ML) |
| Igipimo cya Refraktometero | Hari byinshi (mu binyobwa bisukuye) | Hafi (ntibikoreshwa mu mazi adasobanutse neza) | Hagati | Hagati (prism ishobora kwangiza) | Hagati (gusukura/kongera gusibanganya) | Hafi (ku isukari y'umwimerere) |
| Igipimo cy'ubucucike | Hejuru | Hejuru (nta ngaruka) | Hasi (iterwa n'ikirere) | Hagati (sensor ishobora kwangiza) | Hagati (gusukura/kongera gusibanganya) | Hafi (ku isukari y'umwimerere) |
| Spektroscopy ya NIR | Hejuru | Hasi (ishobora kuba iyoroheje) | Hagati | Hasi | Gupima cyane (gupima ibintu bigoye) | Hejuru (ihindagurika ryinshi) |
Menya byinshi ku bipimo by'ubucucike
Ibindi bipimo by'imikorere kuri interineti
Gutsinda Imbogamizi z'Ibidukikije
Inganda z'amata ni imwe mu hantu hakenera cyane ibikoresho byo gupima imikorere bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, igitutu, n'ibisabwa cyane mu isuku. Iyi sensor ni urugero rwiza rw'igisubizo cyagenewe gukemura ibi bibazo. Ntishobora kugerwaho n'amabara, ubushyuhe, n'ubwinshi bw'ifuro kandi ishobora gukora ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 200°C n'igitutu kigera kuri 500 Bar. Ibi biri hejuru cyane y'ubushyuhe busabwa mu gukaraba (90-95°C) na gahunda za CIP / SIP (kugeza kuri 130°C). Iyi sensor kandi yagenewe guhuza CIP, ifite transducer isuku n'icyuma kitagira umugese.
Ubushobozi bwa sensor bwo kwihanganira imikorere ya CIP/SIP idakuweho n'intoki ni inyungu ikomeye mu mikorere no mu by'imari. Inyigo yakozwe kuri sensor yo ku rwego rwa ultrasound igaragaza uburyo kwisukura no gukora isuku bikuraho ibibazo byo kubungabunga no gusesengura ibintu bitari byo bivuye mu gushonga no gushonga kw'ifuro, ibyo bikaba bivuze ko igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka, ikiguzi cy'abakozi gito, no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bwizewe. Iyi sensor si igikoresho cyo gupima gusa; ni umutungo winjijwe mu buryo bwo gusukura no kubungabunga uruganda, bigatanga umusanzu mu buryo butaziguye mu mikorere no mu nyungu z'abaturage.
Isesengura rigezweho n'ikoranabuhanga: Guteza imbere imbibi z'igenzura ry'imikorere
Agaciro nyakuri k'icyuma gipima ibintu gikomeye kagaragara iyo amakuru yacyo akoreshejwe neza n'uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga bukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Iki gice kirambuye uburyo amakuru fatizo aturuka mu bikoresho bipima ibintu bya ultrasonic ahinduka ubwenge bushobora gukorwa, bigakemura ibibazo bikomeye cyane byo gusesengura ibice byinshi no guhuza imiterere y'ibimera.
Gutunganya neza uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'amatara agoye
Yawurute si igisubizo cyoroshye cya sucrose mu mazi. Ni matrix igoye ya lactose, ibintu biryoshye byongewemo, poroteyine, n'ibinure. Gupima umuvuduko umwe w'ijwi bishobora kudahagije kugira ngo bitandukanye ibi bice. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibipimo bya ultrasound bishobora guhuzwa na algorithme zigezweho zo kwiga imashini, nka Partial Least Squares (PLS) na Support Vector Machines (SVM), kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano y'ibice byinshi bito. Ibi bitanga inyungu ikomeye mu irushanwa mu musaruro w'ibiribwa. Guhuza ibinyabutabire byinshi ni indi ngamba ikomeye yo kunoza ubuziranenge binyuze mu guhuza amakuru aturuka ahantu hatandukanye.
Ikibazo cyo gutandukanya isukari mu bice byinshi ntigikemurwa na sensor yonyine, ahubwo gikemurwa n’uburyo sensor ihuza sensor n’isesengura rigezweho. Iyi sensor itanga amakuru menshi akoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, kandi icyitegererezo cy’imashini, cyatojwe ku makuru y’amateka aturuka ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye, kimenya guhuza neza ayo makuru n’ingano y’isukari wifuza. Ibi bigaragaza impinduka y’ibanze kuva ku gupima ibintu byoroshye bishingiye kuri fiziki kugera ku gipimo cy’ubuhanga kandi gishingiye ku makuru. Ubu bushobozi buhindura sensor kuva ku gikoresho cyoroshye ikajya ku gikoresho "cy’ubwenge" gishobora guhangana n’uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu musaruro w’ibiribwa mu buryo bufatika.
Guhuza SCADA/DCS mu buryo butagira umuvuduko
Sensor ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvugana no guhuza n'imitsi yo mu ruganda. Sensor ya PS7020 ishyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo gutumanaho, harimo RS485, Modbus, Profibus-DP, Bluetooth 5.3, na HART itanga umusaruro wa 4-20mA. Porogaramu zisanzwe zo gutumanaho nka HART na Modbus ni ingenzi cyane mu guhuza ibikoresho byo mu murima na sisitemu zo kugenzura no kugenzura. Sisitemu zo kubona amakuru yihuta cyane (DAQs) ni ingenzi cyane mu gukurikirana no kugenzura amakuru mu gihe nyacyo, zitanga igihe gito cyo gutinda no gutunganya amakuru vuba cyane.
Inganda z’amata zirimo "amakuru n’amakuru adafite aho ahuriye" bibuza isesengura rifite akamaro. Mu guhitamo sensor ifite inkunga y’umwimerere kuri protocole zisanzwe z’inganda, ikigo cy’amata gishobora kwirinda imishinga igoye kandi ihenze yo guhuza. Ubushobozi bwo gukurura atari agaciro kamwe gusa k’icyitegererezo ahubwo no gukuramo ibintu by’inyongera nk’umuvuduko w’amajwi n’ubushyuhe hejuru ya protocole ya digitale nka HART cyangwa Modbus bitanga amakuru menshi yo gusesengura no gukemura ibibazo. Ibi byoroshya imiterere ya sisitemu kandi bigatanga ishusho imwe, imwe y’imikorere, ikintu cy’ingenzi mu "gukora ibintu mu buryo bw’ubwenge".
Kongera uburinganire bw'ibicuruzwa n'agaciro k'ikirango
Ubwiza buhoraho ni inkingi y'ingenzi mu kugaragaza ko ikirango ari ingenzi. Uburyo bwo gupima bwizewe butuma ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bihura neza n'ibyo abaguzi bifuza. Ibipimo nyabyo mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere, kugenzura ubuziranenge, no gufata ibyemezo byihuse. Uburyohe n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bihoraho bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gipimo cy'isukari ya nyuma.
Akamaro ko guhoraho karenze kure kwirinda ibirego by'abakiriya. Ikirango kizwiho ibicuruzwa byizewe kandi byujuje ubuziranenge gishobora kugura igiciro cyo hejuru, kwagura isoko ryacyo, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kwamamaza. Sisitemu yo gupima mu gihe nyacyo itanga ishingiro ry’iri tandukaniro rishingiye ku makuru. Ituma umuntu ava ku buryo bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bukora neza, akajya ku buryo bwo gukora neza, butuma ikirango gikomeza gukora neza.
Kuzigama amafaranga yo gukoresha neza no kubungabunga
Imiterere ikomeye y’ibikoresho bipima ikoranabuhanga bitanga inyungu zikomeye mu mikorere y’igihe kirekire. Imiterere yo kwikosora no kwisukura yabyo bipima ikoranabuhanga bikuraho ibibazo by’ubusesenguzi bw’amata n’ibijyanye no kubungabunga ibintu bikunze kugaragara mu zindi sisitemu. Ibi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora n’ikiguzi cy’abakozi, nk’uko byagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi aho ikigo cy’amata cyagize icyizere cyo gukora neza no kugabanuka kw’igihe cyo gukora. Kuba nta bice by’imashini bitwara n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa bituma biba igisubizo cyo kwitegura no kwibagirwa, bigatuma igihe cyo gukora no kubungabunga kigabanuka. Igiciro cy’umutungo (TCO) kuri sisitemu ikomeye ya ikoranabuhanga ni gito cyane ugereranyije n’uburyo busanzwe busaba kwitabwaho kenshi, guhindurwa, cyangwa kugira igihe gito cyo kubaho mu bidukikije bikomeye.
Ultrasonic yo kuri interinetigupima ingano y'isukaribigaragaza intambwe nini mu kugenzura ibikorwa by’inganda z’amata, kuva ku kwishingikiriza ku buryo bwo gukora ibintu bukoreshwa n’intoki kandi butizewe, ahubwo biva ku buryo bwo gukora ibintu bugamije inyungu nyinshi, bushingiye ku makuru, kandi butanga inyungu nyinshi.Contact Lonnmeteri na stubuhanzi wowerprocess optimizatiyoni.
