Gukora ifu y'amata igezweho bisaba kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amata mu buryo bufatika kugira ngo ubwiza bw'umusaruro w'amata burusheho kuba bwiza kandi burusheho kuba bwiza.Gupima ubukana bw'umuvuduko mu murongoBituma habaho gukurikirana buri gihe amata n'imigezi ivanze, bigafasha mu guhindura uburyo bwo kuyakoresha ako kanya. Ubu buryo bunoza uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu binyuze mu kumenya impinduka mu buryo bworoshye bugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ifu iterwa no kumisha amata. Urugero, gukoresha ultrasound cyangwa thermosonication bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw'ibiryo, bigatuma ibintu bikomeye biremererwa kandi bikamara igihe kinini, hamwe no kugabanya isuku kenshi bitewe no kugabanuka k'imiterere ya biofilm. Ubwo buryo buhuza neza uburyo bwo kudahinduka kw'ibikorwa n'umusaruro, igihe cyo kubikora, no kwemerwa n'abakiriya mu gukora ifu y'amata.
Gusobanukirwa umusaruro w'ifu y'amata
1.1 Uburyo bwo gukora ifu y'amata: Incamake
Gutunganya ifu y'amata bitangirana no kwakira amata mabi mu kigo gitunganya. Aya mata mabi agenzurwa cyane, yibanda ku bipimo nka aside, ingano y'ibintu bikomeye, ibinure na poroteyine. Hanyuma amata anyura mu gukaraba—intambwe y'ubushyuhe ikuraho udukoko kandi ikarushaho guteza imbere umutekano. Nyuma yo gukaraba, gukaraba bigabanya ingano y'ibinure, bigatuma habaho uruvange rumwe kandi bikanoza imiterere ya emulsion. Izi ntambwe z'ibanze ni ingenzi ku mutekano, imiterere ihamye, n'imiterere y'umusaruro wa nyuma.
Uburyo bwo gukora amata y'ifu
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Nyuma yo guhuza amata, amata akunze gushyirwaho uburyo bwo guhuza ibinure n'ibikomeye kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe byihariye. Ku ifu imwe n'imwe yihariye, bagiteri zishobora kongerwamo muri iki cyiciro kugira ngo zitere ubushyuhe, bityo hakorwe ibicuruzwa bifite intungamubiri cyangwa imiterere yihariye y'amatwi.
Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukwiyongera kw'amata, akenshi bigerwaho binyuze mu kuvanga amazi, bigabanya ingano y'amazi kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri. Aya mata yiganjemo ubu agenewe uburyo bwo kumisha spray, ari ingenzi mu gukora ifu ya nyuma. Muri izi ntambwe zose, uburyo bwo gusesengura no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amata bukoreshwa mu kugenzura ibihinduka mu mikorere, hagakorwa ifu nziza y'amata mu buryo buhoraho. Izi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo uburyo bwo kugabanya ihindagurika ry'imikoreshereze y'amata no gucunga neza ubuziranenge mu byiciro byose.
1.2 Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwo kumisha ifu y'amata
Kumisha amata bihindura amata y’amazi menshi mo ifu nziza kandi ihoraho binyuze mu kubura amazi vuba. Muri iki cyiciro, amata y’amata ahinduka ibitonyanga by’amazi hanyuma agashyirwa mu mwuka ushyushye, akenshi ku bushyuhe bugenzurwa neza kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 200, nubwo ubushyuhe bw’aho asohoka muri rusange buba buri hasi cyane kugira ngo poroteyine n’ibindi bintu bikora neza bibungabungwe. Amazi ahita ava mu bitonyanga, agasiga uduce tw’amata akomeye twakusanyijwe nk’ifu.
Iyi gahunda ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ifu y'amata ibikwe neza kandi ishobore kwimurwa. Kumisha ifu bigabanya ubushuhe kugeza munsi ya 5%, bigabanya amahirwe yo gukura no kwangirika kwa mikorobe. Ingaruka ni ifu yoroshye gutwara, ishobora gushonga neza kandi idashobora kumara igihe kirekire. Imiterere y'iyi gahunda—nk'ubushyuhe bw'aho ijya, urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka, uburyo bwo kuyishyira mu mwanya wa atomu, n'umuvuduko w'ifu—bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'ifu, harimo ibara, gushonga, gushonga, n'agaciro k'indyo. Kumisha ifu mu buryo bwa pulse spray (PSD), uburyo bugezweho, bushobora kongera imiterere imwe n'imwe, nko kubika poroteyine no gushonga, ugereranije no kumisha ifu mu buryo busanzwe.
Kugenzura imikorere myiza y'ifu no kugabanya ingaruka mbi (nk'ibara rya Maillard) bisaba kugenzura neza uburyo ikorwamo. Guhindura uburyo bwo gushyiraho atome n'imiterere y'umusemburo bifasha kugumana imiterere y'ibyumviro n'imirire. Urugero, uburyo bwo gushyiraho atome n'amashanyarazi bushobora kugabanya uburyohe cyangwa ibara ry'umusemburo ritakenewe binyuze mu kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku buso.
1.3 Ubwoko bw'ifu y'amata n'uburyo ikoreshwa
Ifu y'amata iboneka mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo ifashe abantu batandukanye:
Ifu y'amata yose: Ikozwe mu mata yuzuye asanzwe, igumana ibinure byose. Ifite karori nyinshi n'intungamubiri, ikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya amafunguro, imigati, na shokora kubera uburyohe bwayo n'imiterere yayo.
Ifu y'amata yakuwemo amavuta: Yakozwe mu mata menshi yakuwemo ibinure byayo. Irakundwa cyane iyo ikoreshwa mu gukenera ibinure bike, nk'ibicuruzwa byo mu ifuru, ibinyobwa by'amata, ndetse no mu mata yahinduwe. Ibinure bike bifasha mu kongera igihe cyo kubika.
Ifu yihariye yumye iterwa na spray: Ibi birimo ifu ya foromaje, ifu ya lactose, n'ifu irimo poroteyine z'imboga cyangwa probiotics. Ifu ya foromaje ni ingenzi mu itunganywa rya foromaje, utuntu two kurya, n'ibirungo, mu gihe ifu ya lactose ari ingenzi mu ikoreshwa ry'ibiryo n'imiti kubera imiterere yayo ishimishije n'uburyohe bwayo bworoshye.
Buri bwoko bw'ifu butandukanye mu miterere ya poroteyine, ibinure, na karubohidrati, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yabyo mu buryo bwihariye bwo gukora. Urugero, ifu irimo poroteyine nyinshi ijyanye n'imirire ya siporo, mu gihe ifu irimo utubumbe duto twongera ubushobozi bwo kubaho bw'ibikomoka kuri probiotic. Imiterere y'imikorere - nko gukurura ifuro, gushonga, gushonga, no gushonga - bifitanye isano itaziguye n'amateka yo gutunganya kandi bishobora guhindurwa binyuze mu gukora no kugenzura uburyo ibintu bikorwamo.
Hari imbogamizi mu guhindura imiterere y’ibinyabutabire, nko kugenzura uburyo amazi ashobora kumera nabi cyangwa koroha, ariko ubushakashatsi bukomeje gukorwa mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha spray no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora ifu bukomeje kunoza imikorere yayo no kwagura uburyo bwo kuyikoresha.
Ubushyuhe bw'amata: Iby'ibanze n'akamaro
2.1 Gusobanura ubukana mu gutunganya amata
Ubushyuhe ni igipimo cy'uko amazi adakomeza gutemba. Mu bijyanye n'ibikomoka ku mata by'amazi, bigaragaza uburyo amata akomeye cyangwa yoroheje mu gihe agenda anyura mu miyoboro cyangwa mu byuma bitunganya. Ubushyuhe bw'amata ntibuhinduka—bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'amata, imiterere ya poroteyine zayo, ubushyuhe, n'ingano n'uburyo ibinure bikwirakwira.
Mu bimera by’amata, ubushyuhe ni ikimenyetso cy’ubwiza n’uburyo bwo gutunganya amata. Urugero, ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kugabanya urujya n’uruza rw’amata mu miyoboro, bigasaba ingufu nyinshi n’imashini zikomeye. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe buke cyane bushobora gutera imbogamizi mu mikorere yo gukora emulsions zihamye, cyangwa umubiri n’umunwa bidakora neza mu bicuruzwa nka amavuta na yawurute. Ubushyuhe buhoraho ni ingenzi ku buryo bwo kuzuza amata mu buryo bwikora, kugenzura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa, no kwemeza ko bishobora kongera kubyazwa umusaruro mu byiciro bitandukanye. Kubera izo mpamvu, mu gihe nyacyogupima ubukana bw'ibiribwaGukoresha igipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu biribwa, cyangwa igipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu biribwa cyagenewe kugenzura ibikorwa byacyo, ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umusaruro urusheho kuba mwiza kandi ube mwiza buri gihe.
2.2 Uburyo ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'ifu y'amata
Ubushyuhe ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gihe cyo gukora ifu y'amata, cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha amata. Mu gihe cyo kumisha amata, amata ahinduka utudomo duto mbere yo kumanywa vuba n'umwuka ushyushye. Ubushyuhe bw'amata bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku cyiciro cyo kumisha amata; ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma habaho ibitonyanga byinshi, gukwirakwiza ibitonyanga mu buryo butari bumwe, no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kumisha.
Urugero, amata y'inka afite ubukana bwinshi iyo ashyizwe hamwe, ashobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwa atomizer no kugabanya ingano y'ibinure mu ifu y'amata yumye. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amata y'ingamiya—afite ubukana buke—ashobora gushyirwa hamwe cyane, bigatuma yumisha neza ifu itangwa neza kandi igatanga umusaruro mwiza w'ifu.
Ikoranabuhanga nka pulse combustion drying (PCD) ryashyizweho kugira ngo rishobore kwihanganira ibiryo bifite ubukana bwinshi, rikongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibiryo burenga uko kumisha spray bisanzwe byemerera. Intego ni ugukoresha ubukana bwinshi mbere yo kumisha: buri gihe ni ugukoresha ubukana bwinshi, kandi ibyago byo kuziba iminwa, kuma ku buryo budakwiye, n'inenge z'ibicuruzwa ziyongera; hasi cyane, kandi ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa n'ubuziranenge bw'ifu bishobora kugabanuka.
2.3 Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bucucike bw'amata mbere no mu gihe cyo kumisha amata
Hari ibintu bitandukanye bigena ubukana bw'amata uko agenda atera imbere mu gikorwa cyo gukora ifu y'amata:
Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwiyongera muri rusange bugabanya ubushyuhe bw'amata binyuze mu kugabanya imbaraga hagati ya molekile. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bworohereza gukamura no gushyira atom mu mubiri ariko bugomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko amata yangirika cyangwa uburyohe bwahiye.
Guhuza ibintu mu buryo bumwe: Iyi nzira ya tekiniki igabanya ibinure, ikabisakaza neza, kandi igatuma habaho emulsion ihamye. Guhuza amata nyuma yo kuyakoresha mu bushyuhe byongera ubushyuhe bitewe n'imikoranire hagati ya poroteyine za Whey na casein micelles ku gice cy'ibinure cyubatswe neza. Homogenization ifite umuvuduko mwinshi (UHPH) irushaho kongera ubushyuhe no kunoza uburyo ibicuruzwa bihagaze neza.
Ubwinshi (Ibikubiye mu bintu bikomeye): Uko ingano y'ibikomeye igenda yiyongera, ni ko n'ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera. Amata akomeye menshi ni meza mu kumisha amata mu buryo bworoshye, ariko hari aho ubushobozi bwo kuyakoresha mu kwirinda ibibazo bya atomizer bugarukira. Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe ultrasound na thermosonication bushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe, bigatuma abatunganya amata bashobora kuyashyira ku rwego rwo hejuru badatindije uburyo bwo kuyatemba cyangwa kuyashyira ku rugero rwo hejuru.
Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo n'inyongeramusaruro: Inyongeramusaruro nk'ifu y'amata yakuwemo amavuta zishobora kongera ubushyuhe ku bushake ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa runaka, nko muri yawurute nini. Ubundi buryo, ubushyuhe bushobora gucungwa hakoreshejwe guhindura imiterere ya poroteyine cyangwa kongeramo ibintu bitera imbaraga n'ibitera imbaraga nk'uko bisabwa n'ifu yagenewe gukoreshwa.
Ivugurura rya pH: Kugabanya pH, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe cyangwa mu gihe cyo gushyushya, byongera imikoranire ya poroteyine na poroteyine no kwishyira hamwe, ibyo bikaba byongera ubukana. Iki gice ni ingenzi mu bikomoka ku mata byasembuye (nk'ikinyobwa cya yawurute) kandi bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'imyanda mu byuma bishyushya n'ibyumisha.
Gukurikirana buri gihe no kugenzura neza izi mpinduka—akenshi hakoreshejweIkoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubukana bw'umuvuduko mu murongo—ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa bikomeze gukora neza, bigabanye umwanda n'imyanda, kandi bigenzure imikorere myiza y'ifu y'amata yumye n'ibindi bifitanye isano.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo kumisha ifu y'amata
Uburyo bwo kumisha spray n'intambwe zo kuyitunganya
Uburyo bwo kumisha amata mu ifu y'amata buhindura amata y'amazi mo ifu yumye binyuze mu guhumeka no gukora uduce duto. Intambwe eshatu z'ingenzi zigaragaza iyi mpinduka:
Guhindura imiterere y'umubiri:Ibiryo by'amata y'amazi bigabanywamo uduce duto tw'amazi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka pressure-swirl single-fluid spray nozzles, rotary disk atomizers, cyangwa pulse spray equipment. pressure-swirl equipment zikora ubwoko bwinshi bw'udutonyanga, mu gihe rolled disks zitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura cyane kandi zikwiriye gukorwa ku bwinshi. Pulse spray yumisha ikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mavuta, ikora udutonyanga duto dukwirakwira mu bunini kandi ifu ikagira ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza.
Imikorere y'icyumba cyo kumisha:Utudomo twa atome twinjira mu cyumba gishyushye gifite umwuka ugenzurwa. Kwimura ubushyuhe vuba bituma amazi ahinduka umwuka uva muri buri kadomo, bigatuma habaho uduce twumye. Ubushyuhe bw'umwuka winjira, ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo, n'umuvuduko w'amazi bigenga umuvuduko w'amazi, gukuraho ubushuhe, n'imiterere y'ifu muri rusange.
Gukusanya ifu:Uduce twumye duturuka mu kirere dusohoka mu cyumba, aho inkubi z'umuyaga cyangwa utuyunguruzo bitandukanya ifu n'umwuka usohoka. Gutandukanya neza bibungabunga umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro, bigatuma ifu ibasha gutemba neza kandi bikagabanya igihombo.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kumisha imiti rituma habaho impinduka muri izi ntambwe kugira ngo haboneke ifu ifite imiterere yihariye—ingano y’uduce, imiterere y’ubuso, n’ubushuhe—ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka ku bimera rikomeze kubungabungwa.
Ingaruka z'ubukana bw'ibiryo ku miterere y'ibitonyanga no kumisha kinetics
Ubushyuhe bw'amata, buterwa ahanini n'ibintu bikomeye n'ubwinshi bwa poroteyine, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kumisha amata. Bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'amata, ingano y'uduce, n'imiterere y'ifu:
Imiterere y'ibitonyanga:Ibiryo biryoshye cyane—bikunze kugerwaho no kongera sodium caseinate cyangwa ibintu byose bikomeye—bitanga uduce duto tw’ibitonyanga mu gihe cyo gushyiraho atome. Ibi, nabyo bivamo uduce duto tw’ifu. Uduce duto tw’ibiryo bigira ingaruka ku mikoranire y’ibitonyanga n’ibitonyanga, bigategeka ubwiyongere bw’ibitonyanga binyuze mu mikoranire y’ibitonyanga.
Ibyerekeye kumisha kinetiki:Ubushyuhe bwinshi bugabanya ubushyuhe, bugahindura umuvuduko w’umuvuduko w’amazi no kohereza ubushyuhe mu bitonyanga. Nubwo bugumana ibinure byinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kubangamira kumisha neza no kongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ifu nko guhurirana cyangwa gucika kw’uduce ku bushyuhe butari bwiza. Urugero, kumisha ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyane bw’amazi hakoreshejwe ibiryo bito bishobora gutera igitutu cy’imbere mu mubiri bigatera uduce gucika no kwangirika kw’imiterere.
Imiterere y'ifu:Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amata ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagerwe ku miterere y'ifu wifuza. Udutonyanga duto dukunda ifu nziza kandi zingana; icyakora, ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutera ingorane mu gutunganya, bigira ingaruka ku buryo amazi atemba no kongera gukora neza. Kugereranya ingano y'ibikomeye kugira ngo hagenzurwe ubushyuhe bw'amata ni ingenzi cyane mu ikorwa ry'ifu y'amata.
Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'ibiryo, bugezweho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubukana bw'ibiryo cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubukana bw'ibiryo, butuma habaho ingano ihoraho y'ibitonyanga n'imiterere yizewe y'ifu. Gupima ubukana bw'ibikomoka ku mata bituma habaho kugenzura ibikorwa mu buryo bwihuse, bigatuma habaho ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'umusaruro ukorwa neza.
Ubushyuhe, Umuvuduko w'Iterambere, n'Ingaruka za Atomu ku Bicuruzwa Birangiye
Imikoranire hagati y'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko w'ibiryo, n'ibipimo bya atome ni ingenzi mu kunoza ubwiza bw'ifu y'amata:
Ubushyuhe bw'umwuka winjira:Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma ibinure byumya vuba kandi bikagabanya ubushuhe bwa nyuma, ariko bishobora gukora udukoko dukomeye ku duce duto tugabanya ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukwirakwira kw'ifu bukunze kuboneka ku bushyuhe buri hagati bwo kwinjira (urugero, 110 °C). Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma ibinure bikwirakwira cyangwa bikangirika mu ntungamubiri.
Ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo:Gushyushya ibiryo bigira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo gupima no gukora neza kw'ibiryo. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibiryo muri rusange bugabanya ubushyuhe, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gupima neza ibiryo, ibyo bikaba byakongera ubushobozi bwo gukora ifu imwe.
Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'ibiryo:Igipimo cyo hejuru cy’amazi gitanga ibitonyanga binini kandi byongera ingano y’utunyangingo; igipimo gito cy’amazi gitanga ifu nziza kandi yumye. Iyi sano ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ubucucike bw’amazi n’uburyo ashongeshamo. Ingero z’imikorere zigaragaza ko igipimo gito cy’amazi gihujwe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi bw’amazi yinjira buri gihe bitanga ifu ifite ubushuhe buke n’imiterere y’utunyangingo.
Ingaruka za Atomu:Guhitamo nozzle cyangwa atomizer hamwe n'ibipimo by'imikorere (umuvuduko, ubwinshi bw'umwuka, ingano y'irembo) bigena ingano y'ibitonyanga, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku miterere y'ifu no ku mikorere yo kongera kuyihindura. Urugero, atomizer za disiki zizunguruka zigumana uburyo bwo kugenzura ingano, zikongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga no kugenda neza kw'umusaruro wa nyuma.
Imikoranire y'ibipimo:
- Kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa guhitamo atomizer ijyanye n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'ubushyuhe, binoza imiterere y'ibitonyanga n'ubudahinduka bw'ifu.
- Guhindura umuvuduko w'amazi n'umuvuduko wa atome hamwe n'ubushyuhe bihindura ubwiza bw'ifu ku bikorwa byihariye, nka ferilalinine nke cyangwa ifu y'amata ikonjeshejwe.
Gukoresha neza ibipimo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiza ubuso hamwe n'icyitegererezo cy'imibare bituma abakora banonosora uburyo bwo kumisha ifu y'amata. Gukurikirana mu buryo bw'umurongo—hakoreshejwe ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'ibiribwa cyangwa senseri zigezweho—bituma impinduka zishoboka mu gihe nyacyo, bigatuma ifu y'amata ikora neza kandi ikwirakwira ku isoko.
Menya byinshi ku bipimo by'ubucucike
Ibindi bipimo by'imikorere kuri interineti
Guhuza uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'amata mu ikorwa ry'ifu y'amata
4.1Ibyiza byo gupima umurongo (bihoraho) ugereranije no gupima utari kuri interineti (batch)
Gupima ubushyuhe bw'amata mu buryo bwihuse bitanga igihe cyo gusubiza vuba kurusha uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha imiti cyangwa muri laboratwari. Ibi bipimo by'igihe nyacyo bifasha gukosora ibipimo by'imikorere y'amata ako kanya, nko gupima ibiryo cyangwa ubushyuhe, ingenzi cyane mu gukora ifu y'amata. Gupima mu buryo bwihuse bigabanya ifatwa ry'amata n'intoki, bityo bikagabanya amakosa y'abantu n'ibyago byo kwandura. Gukurikirana buri gihe birushaho kwerekana impinduka z'imikorere y'igihe gito ifatwa mu buryo bw'amata akenshi idakunze kugaragara, bigatuma habaho gusobanukirwa neza uburyo ibintu bikorwamo no kunoza uburyo amazi y'ibicuruzwa akoreshwa, imiterere yabyo, n'uburyo bihora bimeze.
Izindi nyungu zirimo:
- Kongera imikorere myiza mu mikorere: Kugabanya igihe cyo gutegereza ibisubizo bya laboratwari bivuze ko umusaruro wiyongera.
- Ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa: Guhita usubiza amata yumye bituma ifu y'amata yumye iguma mu rugero rwifuzwa.
- Kugabanuka k'ubufasha bw'abakora: Kwikoresha mu buryo bwikora bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku igenzura n'ibikorwa byakozwe n'intoki.
- Ikosa ryo gufata ingero ryagabanijweIbikoresho biri kuri interineti bifata amashusho nyayo, ntabwo ari amashusho amwe gusa.
4.2Ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo kumenya ibiryo: Guhitamo igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'ibiribwa
Mu gutunganya amata muri iki gihe, hari ikoranabuhanga ritatu ry’ingenzi ryo gupima ubukana bw’amata:
Ibipimo by'ubucucike buzenguruka: Koresha ibice bizenguruka kugira ngo umenye ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amazi. Bikora neza ariko bishobora kwanduzanya kandi bisaba kwitabwaho buri gihe, cyane cyane iyo amata afite ibinure byinshi.
IhindagurikaIbipimo by'ubukana: Pima impinduka mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe ukurikirana ingaruka z'amazi y'imikorere ku kintu kinyeganyega. Urugero, Lonnmeter food viscometer itanga ubushobozi bwo kumva neza—ibintu by'ingenzi mu gukora ifu y'amata.
Utumashini dukoresha amajwi/amajwi akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound: Ibi bikoresho bidakoraho bikwirakwiza imiraba ya ultrasound binyuze mu mazi kandi bigapima uburyo ubukana bw'imiraba bugira ingaruka ku ikwirakwira ry'imiraba. Bitanga amakuru y'igihe nyacyo, ntibikunze kwanduza, kandi bibereye cyane cyane mu bikorwa byo gusukura ahantu hatandukanye (CIP) no gusukura ahantu hatandukanye (SIP).
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize igipimo cyiza cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo mu gukora ifu y'amata:
- Igishushanyo mbonera cy'isuku: 316 ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga n'ibikoresho by'isuku kugira ngo birinde kwanduzanya.
- Ubushobozi bwa CIP/SIP: Ifasha mu gusukura cyangwa gukaraba neza nta gukurwaho kwa sensor.
- Gukomera: Irwanya imigezi ifite ubukana bwinshi, urusaku rw'ibimera, gutigita, uduce tworoshye, uduce duto, n'imiti isukura.
- Ibice bike byo kugenda: Bigabanya kubungabunga, byongera ubwizerwe, kandi bigabanya guhindagurika kw'ibipimo.
- Isano ikomeye n'ibyavuye muri laboratwari: Bituma habaho icyizere mu kugenzura uburyo ifu y'amata ikorwamo no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ifu y'amata.
4.3Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho no kubungabunga ibipimo by'ubushyuhe biri mu murongo
Gushyiramo
- Shyira ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ahantu havanze neza mu murongo w'ibikorwa, kure y'ahantu hapfuye cyangwa ahantu hashyuha cyane.
- Menya neza ko icyuma gipima amazi gishobora kugenzurwa ariko kirinzwe kwangirika kw'umubiri.
- Shyira ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa inline sensors mu migezi ihagarariye kugira ngo bipime neza ubukana bw'amata.
Ingendo zo gusukura
- Hitamo ibipimo bifite ubushobozi bwo gukorana neza na sisitemu za CIP/SIP zikora, kuko amata akomeye cyane ashobora kwirundanya ku buso.
- Teganya igenzura ry’ubuso bw’amata buri gihe no kuhasukura, cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha ifu y’amata.
Gahunda zo Gupima
- Kurikiza amabwiriza yo gupima uruganda kandi ukomeze kwemeza neza ibizamini.
- Genzura uburyo bwo kugenzura mu buryo bugezweho nk'uko byasabwe—hari ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bishyigikira igenzura ryihuse hakoreshejwe amahame ya NIST ashobora gukurikiranwa, cyangwa bikerekana uburyo bwo gupima mu buryo bugezweho.
- Shyira mu bikorwa isuzuma rya buri gihe ry’imikorere ya metero ugereranije n’ubukana bw’ibikomoka ku mata mu ifu kugira ngo habeho uburyo buhamye bwo kubipima.
Gusana Rusange
- Hitamo inyubako ikomeye kandi ivanze kugira ngo ihangane no gusukurwa bikomeye no gukomeza gukoreshwa.
- Kora igenzura rya buri gihe niba hari ibintu byikubise, byanduye cyangwa byangiritse.
- Koresha uburyo bwo gusuzuma bwubatswemo cyangwa uburyo bwo guhuza vuba, aho buboneka, kugira ngo worohereze kubungabunga nta kibazo cy'umusaruro.
Ibimera bikurikiza ubu buryo bwiza bigira igihe cyo gukora, ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa buhoraho, kandi bigagabanya uburyo bwo kubikoresha n'intoki mu gihe cyose cyo gukora ifu y'amata.
Kunoza Ireme ry'Ibicuruzwa binyuze mu Gucunga Ubucucike
Ingaruka z'ubukana ku miterere y'ifu: Ingano y'uduce, ubushobozi bwo gutemba no gushonga
Ubushyuhe bwinshi bugira uruhare mu buryo butaziguye mu miterere y’ifu y’amata mu gihe cyo kumisha. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw’ibiryo butuma habaho uduce duto. Urugero, kwiyongera k’urugero rwa sucrose mu biryo by’amata bituma uduce duto tuba twinshi kandi twinshi, aho uduce duto twinshi tuba twinshi iyo sucrose igeze kuri 10% w/w. Ibi bituma ingano y’uduce duto ikwirakwira mu buryo busanzwe, ibi bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo abaguzi bayikoresha babikora.
Gutemba kw'ibiryo biterwa cyane n'ingano y'uduce n'ubukana bw'ibiryo. Uko ubukana bw'ibiryo bwiyongera, ni nako ubunini bw'uduce busanzwe bugenda bwiyongera, ibyo bikaba bituma ubukana bw'ifu bugenda neza. Ibikoresho byongerera imbaraga amazi nk'ifu y'amata ikoze mu buryo bwa ultrafine byishingikiriza ku bukana bw'ibiryo bigenzurwa kugira ngo birusheho kunoza imiterere y'amazi, ari nabyo by'ingenzi mu gupakira no gutunganya amazi mu nzira.
Ubushyuhe bw'amata buratandukana bitewe n'ibipimo by'imikorere nk'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka winjira, ubwabyo bigaterwa n'ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo. Ifu y'amata itunganywa ku bushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, 200°C ugereranije na 150°C) igaragaza agaciro ko gushonga kugeza kuri 99.98%. Gucunga neza ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo, hamwe no kugenzura uburyo bwo kumisha, bitanga ifu y'amata ishonga neza kandi igakomeza imiterere y'umubiri wifuza.
Isano iri hagati y'ibipimo by'ubucucike n'imiterere y'amatwi/imirire
Gupima neza ubushyuhe bw'amata byemeza ko ifu y'amata ihura n'ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'amatwi n'imirire. Ubushyuhe bw'amata, buterwa n'urugero rwa poroteyine, ibinure, na sitashi cyangwa bugahindurwa n'inyongera z'ibintu, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kumva mu kanwa, uburyohe, no kugumana intungamubiri mu gihe cyose cyo gukora ifu y'amata.
Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo, byaba biturutse ku kwangirika cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, bishobora gutuma uruhu rwo mu kanwa rudakora neza kandi bigatuma intungamubiri zigabanuka. Urugero, kubika ibinyobwa bishingiye ku mata ku bushyuhe bwinshi bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo, bigatuma uruhu rwo mu kanwa rudakora neza kandi bikagabanya kwemerwa n'abaguzi. Ku rundi ruhande, kunoza uburyo bwo kugaburira inka zonsa (urugero, izonsa mu rwuri) bihindura imiterere y'aside irike y'amata kandi bigakomeza ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibyo bigatuma igihe cyo kuzirya kirushaho kuba gito ndetse n'uburyohe bugabanuka.
Amata atari ay'inka nk'amata y'ingamiya akeneye uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kumisha imiti kugira ngo habeho atomization nziza. Ubwinshi bw'ibinure byongera ubushyuhe, bigatuma habaho ifu nziza kandi bigatuma imiterere y'amatwi n'imirire ibungabungwa kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bwihariye.
Iterambere ry'ubuziranenge mu gukora ifu y'amata rituruka ku gupima neza kandi ku gihe. Gukoresha Lonnmeter inline viscosity meters ku biribwa bituma amenyo arushaho kumera neza no kubika neza intungamubiri binyuze mu gukosora mu gihe nyacyo mu gihe cyo kumisha ifu.
Kugenzura ko ifu y'amata yumye ikora neza binyuze mu kugenzura uburyo ikoreshwa
Sisitemu zo kugenzura imikorere y’amata (SPC) zihujwe no gupima ubukana buhoraho ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho uburinganire mu ifu y’amata yumye. Ibikoresho bipima imikorere y’amata by’amata n’ibipimo bya viscometer bitanga amakuru y’ubukana mu gihe nyacyo, bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse mu mikorere.
Ibikoresho bya SPC nk'imbonerahamwe zo kugenzura no gusesengura Pareto bikoresha aya makuru y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo hamenyekane inenge, hahamye uburyo bwo kumisha ifu y'amata, kandi hakorwe neza ubushobozi bwayo. Urugero, kugenzura ubushyuhe hamwe n'ibice by'ibinure biri mu mavuta ya poroteyine y'amata bituma habaho kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kumisha ifu, bigatuma inenge zigabanuka kandi bikongera uburinganire bw'ibicuruzwa.
Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ifu y'amata (urugero, HACCP) bugenda bukoresha SPC ishingiye ku gupima ubukana bw'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bukomeze amahame ngenderwaho mu gihe cyose cyo gukora ifu y'amata. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku makuru bwemeza ko ubushobozi bwo gutemba, gushonga, n'imiterere y'amatwi biguma mu buryo bugenwa, birinda ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa mu musaruro w'amata mwinshi.
Gukemura ibibazo no kunoza imikorere hakoreshejwe amakuru y'ubucucike
Imbogamizi zikunze kugaragara mu bijyanye no kumisha amata akoresha ifuro
Ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu kugenzura uburyo ifu y'amata ikorwa. Ubushyuhe bwinshi mu biryo bubangamira uburyo atomization ikorwamo, bigatuma bigorana gutanga ibitonyanga bingana. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo byinshi mu buryo:
Kuziba kw'iminwa:Iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye cyane kurusha intego, ibiryo birwana no kunyura mu miyoboro ipfundikira. Ibi bituma habaho kuziba kenshi, bigatuma imikorere igabanuka kandi bikongera igihe cyo gukora. Gushyiramo imiyoboro yo gukuraho uduce duto no gukoresha imiyoboro ifite inzira nini bifasha kugabanya ibyago byo kuziba. Gahunda zo gusukura no kubungabunga buri gihe ni ngombwa, cyane cyane iyo hatunganywa ibiryo byuzuye cyangwa ibidafite uburyo bukwiye bwo guhuza cyangwa gusya.
Ubwiza bw'ifu budahinduka:Ihindagurika ry’ubukana bw’ibiryo rihindura ikorwa ry’ibitonyanga mu gihe cyo gushyiraho atome. Ubukana bwinshi bukunze gutuma uduce duto tw’ifu tuba tunini—tushobora kugaragaza ibara ryijimye no kutagenda neza. Nubwo uduce duto dushobora kunoza urujya n’uruza rw’amazi no gutonyanga, ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibiryo bushobora kugira ingaruka ku gushonga no ku kugaragara kw’ifu.
Atomusiyo mbi:Kugira atome ihamye bisaba ko ubushyuhe buguma mu rugero rwiza. Guhindagurika bishobora gutera ubunini bw'ibitonyanga butaringaniye, bigagabanya umusaruro w'ifu y'amata yumye iterwa n'umuti umwe. Igitutu cya atome n'imiterere y'amazi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bushobozi bwo gucunga izi ngaruka.
Ibibazo by'ingufu:Ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo bugira ingaruka ku buryo ibikomoka ku mata bikora mu gihe cyo kumisha. Amata adakozwe neza ashobora gutuma ifu ishonga nabi, bigatera ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibikomoka ku mata, haba mu kuyashyira mu mata ako kanya cyangwa kuyavugurura.
Gukoresha amakuru ari ku murongo kugira ngo hakosorwe uburyo bwihuse bwo gukora
Gukurikirana mu buryo bufatika binyuze mu bipimo by’ubushyuhe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’umurongo bihindura uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo mu kumisha ifu y’amata. Ibipimo by’ubushyuhe mu murongo, nka Hydramotion XL7 na acoustic flowmeters, bitanga isuzuma ry’ubushyuhe bw’amata mu buryo buhoraho kandi bunoze mu gihe amata atembera mu murongo w’umusaruro. Ibi bituma ababikora bashobora guhita bakora mu gihe ubushyuhe burenze ibipimo byagenwe.
Ibikorwa byihutirwa:Ibisobanuro byo mu murongo bitanga igisubizo ako kanya. Iyo hagaragaye ikibazo kidasanzwe—urugero, kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe bushobora kuza mbere yo kuziba kw’iminwa—abakoresha bashobora guhindura umuvuduko wa atome cyangwa bagahindura imiterere y’ibiryo mbere y’uko ikibazo kirushaho kwiyongera. Inzego zigenzura zikoresha ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma kugira ngo zinoze impinduka mu mikorere nta gukoresha intoki, bigabanya amakosa y’umuntu kandi bikongera umusaruro.
Kunoza Imikorere:Amakuru ahoraho yemerera kugenzura uburyo ibiryo byiyongera, guhuza neza, n'ubushyuhe, bigatuma habaho ubwiza n'imikorere myiza. Urugero, iyo hagaragaye ukwiyongera k'ubushyuhe nyuma yo kongera poroteyine, imiterere y'imikorere ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo hagarurwe ubwiza bwa atome kandi habeho imiterere ihamye y'ifu y'amata yumye.
Igihombo n'igabanuka ry'igihe cyo kuruhuka:Guhindura vuba hakoreshejwe amakuru ajyanye n'umurongo bituma habaho gucika intege nke mu byiciro, gutakaza amafaranga menshi, no gukora isuku igihe gito. Sisitemu zijyanye n'umurongo zishyigikira kandi kugenzura ibikorwa bisanzwe, inyungu mu kubahiriza amategeko no gusaba umutekano w'ibiribwa.
Inama ku mikorere y'umusaruro w'ifu y'amata neza
Kugira ngo amakuru y’ubushyuhe ahuzwe neza mu ikorwa ry’ifu y’amata bisaba imiterere y’imikorere ihuriweho. Inama z’ingenzi zirimo:
Guhuza amakuru mu buryo bwikora:Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'ibiribwa bigomba guhuzwa neza na sisitemu zo kugenzura zikwirakwizwa (DCS) na dashboard z'abakoresha. Urugero, ibimera bikoresha Hydramotion online viscometers cyangwa FLOWave acoustic flowmeters bigira uruhare mu igenzura ryihuse kandi mu gihe nyacyo, bigatera ibikorwa byo gukosora mu buryo bwikora iyo umubare w'ibipimo urenze.
Imirongo y'abakoresha:Udupapuro tw’amata tworoshye gukoresha tugaragaza ubunini bw’ibikomoka ku mata hamwe n’ibindi bintu by’ingenzi mu mikorere (ibikomoka ku bimera, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wa atomization). Ibi bituma hasobanurwa vuba kandi bigakorwa mu gihe havutse ibibazo, bigafasha mu mikorere myiza yo gukora ifu y’amata.
Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gukoresha (SOPs):SOP zigomba kugaragaza neza uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'amata mu gutunganya amata, zigasobanura uburyo bwo kuyapima, kuyabungabunga, no kuyakosora. Inyandiko zigomba gusobanura uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'amata mu biryo, urwego rwiza rw'ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo kumisha amata ku ifu y'amata, na gahunda yo gusubiza ibitagenda neza. Guhuza inyandiko z'ikoranabuhanga bifasha gukurikirana no kwemeza inzira.
Porogaramu zo kwihutisha ibikorwa:Sisitemu zigezweho (nka SpiraTec) zikoresha amakuru y’ubushyuhe kugira ngo zirusheho kumisha ifu y’amata. Uburyo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga bworohereza umusaruro uhoraho, butanga umusaruro mwinshi, kandi bugakomeza kuba bwiza nta ngaruka mbi ku bakoresha. Algorithm zo kugenzura inzira zikoreshwa mu gihe nyacyo zihindura umuvuduko w’ibiryo, ubushyuhe bw’umushishe, n’imiterere ya atomizer hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bw’amata.
Isuzumabumenyi rihoraho:Gupima ubukana bw'ibikomoka ku mata bifasha kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ifu y'amata, bigatuma buri gice cyujuje ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa ku bunini bw'uduce, gushonga no gusohoka neza. Uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru bwikora n'uburyo bwo gutanga raporo byoroshya ibibazo no gukumira igabanuka ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa.
Muri make, guhuza amakuru y’ubushyuhe aturuka mu bipimo by’ubushyuhe bw’ibiribwa n’ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe mu buryo bwikora n’imikorere y’abakoresha ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakorwe ifu y’amata yumye neza kandi ikozwe neza. Ubu buryo bufasha mu gutahura imbogamizi hakiri kare, gusubiza vuba, no kunoza imikorere mu buryo burambye mu ikorwa ry’ifu y’amata.
Ibitekerezo ku ireme ry'ibiribwa n'umutekano wabyo
7.1 Uruhare rw'Igenzura ry'Ubucucike mu Iyubahirizwa ry'Amabwiriza
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bw'ibiribwa mu buryo bw'umurongo bigira uruhare runini mu kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibiribwa mu gihe cyose cyo gukora ifu y'amata. Mu gushyira ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'ibiribwa mu bikorwa bihoraho nko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha ifu y'amata, ababikora bagera ku bipimo byikora, byizewe, kandi bishobora gukurikiranwa by'ibipimo nk'ubushyuhe bw'amata, ibinure byose, n'ingano ya poroteyine. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusesengura imikorere (PAT), harimo n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amata mu murongo, bituma inyandiko ziboneka mu buryo nyabwo kuri buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro, zigatanga inzira y'ikoranabuhanga yiteguye gusuzuma ijyanye n'imiterere n'ibyemezo by'umusaruro.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi mu kubahiriza amategeko birimo:
- Guhita hagaragara amakosa mu mikorere, bigafasha mu gukosora mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa bitangwa.
- Gupima ubukana bw'ibikomoka ku mata mu buryo bwikora, bigahaza ibisabwa mu nyandiko zijyanye n'amabwiriza nka HACCP na FSMA.
- Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana neza ibikomoka ku mata, bigatuma abakora amata bashobora gukurikirana no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ifu y'amata kugeza ku gihe n'imiterere byakozwe.
Binyuze mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru hifashishijwe uburyo butandukanye, kugenzura ubukana bw'amakuru mu buryo bwihuse bifasha mu kumenya impamvu y'ubuziranenge, bikongera iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'imicungire yo kwibuka.
7.2 Gusukura, Gupima, n'Isuku ku Bipimo by'Ubucucike bw'Ibiryo
Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bikoreshwa mu gutunganya ifu y'amata bisaba gusukurwa no gupimwa neza kugira ngo habeho ubwizerwe bw'ibipimo ndetse n'umutekano w'ibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwo gusukura aho biri (CIP) ni ubusanzwe: ibikoresho bisukurwa nta gusenyagura, akenshi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwikora burimo koza mbere yo gukaraba, gusukura isabune, koza amazi ashyushye na aside, no gukaraba burundu ku bushyuhe n'umuvuduko wagenwe.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha CIP mu mata harimo:
- Guteganya ibihe byo gusukura bishingiye ku isuzuma ry’ibyago ryanditse n’amabwiriza y’abakora, bigabanye kwanduzanya hagati y’amatsinda y’imiti ikoreshwa mu kumisha amata.
- Kwemeza akamaro ko gusukura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mikorobe buri gihe, kwemeza ko amahame y’umutekano w’ibiribwa nk’amahame y’ubuziranenge ya 3-A akurikizwa.
Gupima ingano y'ibiribwa ni ingenzi cyane. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'ibiribwa byizewe bisaba gupima buri gihe kandi byanditse ukurikije amabwiriza y'inganda:
- Gupima amata bigomba gukorwa mu bihe byagenwe kandi nyuma y’impinduka mu gutunganya amata kugira ngo hakomeze kuba ukuri kw’igeragezwa ry’ubushyuhe mu gutunganya amata.
- Imiterere y'ibikoresho by'isuku, bigufi kandi byoroshye gusukurwa, bifasha mu kugenzura neza isuku no kugenzura neza.
- Inyandiko zo gupima zigomba kubikwa kandi zikaboneka kugira ngo zigenzurwe n'amategeko kugira ngo hagaragazwe ko amategeko akomeje kubahirizwa.
Imirimo yo kubungabunga ikwiye kandi kuba irimo kugenzura no gusimbuza ibifunga n'udupfundikizo, hirindwa ko ibintu byiyongera bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibare y'ubushyuhe cyangwa bigatera indwara. Guhuza na sisitemu zikora bishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kumenya amakosa no gutanga amakuru yihuse ku makosa, bigafasha mu gucunga ingaruka zo gukora ifu y'amata. Guhuza isuku yagenwe, gupima, no gushushanya neza ni ingenzi mu gutuma ifu y'amata yumisha neza kandi ikurikije amategeko hamwe n'ifu y'amata yumye ikorwa neza.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
1. Ni akahe kamaro k'ubushyuhe mu gikorwa cyo gukora ifu y'amata?
Ubushyuhe bugenzura uburyo amata yitwara mu gihe cy'intambwe z'ingenzi nko guhumeka no kumisha amata. Bigena uburyo amata atembera neza kandi agahinduka atome, bigira ingaruka ku bunini bw'uduce, gushonga no gukwirakwira kw'ifu ya nyuma. Kugenzura nabi ubushyuhe bishobora gutuma imiterere y'ifu idahuye, umusaruro ukagabanuka, kandi ubuziranenge bukaba budahindagurika. Urugero, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwongera ubwinshi bw'amata mu byuma byumisha amata, bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ifu no gushonga kwayo. Gucunga neza ubushyuhe bituma habaho imiterere yizewe y'amata yumisha amata.
2. Ni gute icyuma gipima ubukana bw'ibiryo cyongera uburyo bwo kumisha amata?
Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibiribwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko w'amajwi cyangwa viscometer izenguruka gitanga uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe mu buryo buhoraho, mu gihe nyacyo mu mikorere y'ibiryo. Ibi bituma habaho uburyo bwo gusubiza ibitekerezo byihuse no guhindura imiterere y'ibiryo cyangwa imiterere y'imikoreshereze y'ibiryo. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amata butandukanye n'ubuziranenge, sisitemu ishobora gukosora vuba ubushyuhe bw'ibintu bikomeye, igakomeza imiterere y'ifu ihoraho kandi ikagabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho. Ubushakashatsi bw'ibimera bizima bwerekana ko ibikoresho nk'ibi bigabanya igihombo cy'umusaruro kandi bikongera ingufu mu gihe cyo kumisha ifu y'amata.
3. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'amata mbere yo kumisha?
Hari ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu gutuma amata amera neza:
- Ubushyuhe:Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amata bugabanya ubushyuhe bw'amata; imiterere y'amata mu gukaraba amenyo igira ingaruka ku miterere ya poroteyine no ku buryo ihora imeze.
- Poroteyine n'ibinure byiyongera:Poroteyine nyinshi n'ibinure byose byongera ubukana bw'umunyu, bigatuma habaho imiterere igaragara cyane ya emulsion.
- Urwego rw'ihuza ry'ibipimo:Guhuza cyane bigabanya ingano y'ibinure, bigatuza imiterere y'ibinure kandi bigagabanya ubukana bw'ibinure.
- Ibindi bikoresho:Kongeramo ibitera imbaraga, isukari, cyangwa imyunyu ngugu bishobora guhindura imiterere y’ubushyuhe n’imyitwarire ya emulsion.
Kugenzura ibi bintu bituma amata atembera neza kandi agahinduka atome mu cyuma cyumisha, bigafasha ifu ihamye hamwe n’imiterere y’umubiri wifuza.
4. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe biri ku murongo bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu mata?
Ibipimo byiza byo gupima ubushyuhe bw'amata mu gukora ifu y'amata ni ibi bikurikira:
- Ibipimo bya Viscometer bizenguruka:Pima neza uburyo amata adashobora kuzunguruka; akomeye, akwiriye amata atandukanye. Agomba kuba ajyanye n'ibiryo kandi ajyanye n'uburyo bwo gusukura ahantu hatandukanye (CIP) cyangwa uburyo bwo gufunga ahantu hatandukanye (SIP).
- Ibikoresho bya Viscometer bihindagurika (by'ijwi):Koresha imiraba y'urusaku cyangwa imiraba y'amajwi kugira ngo umenye impinduka mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe; bigira ingaruka nziza mu gukurikirana ibitonyanga bitari ibya Newtonia nk'ibice bya poroteyine y'amata.
- Ibipimo by'amazi bya Coriolis:Garagaza ubukana bw'amazi ukoresheje amakuru ajyanye no kuzunguruka n'amazi agenda; byagaragaye ko bitanga ibipimo byizewe kandi bihoraho mu migezi y'amata.
Viscometer zo kuri interineti zo mu rwego rw'inganda zagenewe kurwanya CIP / SIP kandi zubatswe kugira ngo zihangane n'umwanda w'amata ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo zikoreshwe neza kandi zoroherezwe mu kumisha ifu y'amata.
5. Kuki gupima ubushyuhe bw'amata mu buryo bw'umurongo ari byiza kuruta gukoresha uburyo bwo gukora ifu y'amata?
Gupima ubushyuhe bw'amata mu buryo bw'umurongo bitanga igenzura ryihuse kandi rihoraho, mu gihe uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti bushingira ku gupima intoki buri gihe no gusesengura laboratwari. Uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwihuse butuma habaho igisubizo cyihuse ku ihindagurika ry'imikorere, bugatuma habaho ubuziranenge buhamye kandi bukarinda ikorwa ry'amatsinda adahuye n'imiterere y'amata. Bigabanya kandi igihe cyo gukora, bigabanya imyanda y'umutungo, kandi bigashyigikira uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ibikorwa—inyungu z'ingenzi mu gukora ifu y'amata no kubahiriza amategeko. Uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwihuse buhura n'ukuri kwa laboratwari ariko butanga agaciro gakomeye mu nganda, cyane cyane ku bikorwa bihoraho nko kumisha ifu.
