Imikorere ya lisansi iyo ari yo yose, cyane cyane kugenzura ubukana bwa peteroli nini, ntabwo ari ikintu cy’impanuka. Ni imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga igena uburyo peteroli itembera neza, ihindura atome, igatwika, kandi amaherezo igaha imbaraga moteri, turbine, cyangwa inzira z’inganda. Kwirengagiza ubukana bwa peteroli bishobora gutera gushya kutuzuye, kwangirika vuba, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikabije, no kumara igihe kinini idakora. Ku nganda zishingira ku gucunga neza peteroli—kuva ku bwato bwo mu mazi kugeza ku gutanga ingufu—kugenzura ubukana bwa peteroli si ikintu cyo kwihitiramo gusa, ahubwo ni ingamba zo kurokoka.
Iterambere ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Ibikomoka kuri Mazutu
Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yagiye ashimangira amabwiriza agenga imiterere ya peteroli nini mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Kuva ku gipimo cya sulfur kugeza ku mbibi z'amazi, ubukana bwakomeje kuba kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko. Mbere ibikomoka kuri peteroli byashoboraga kwihanganira ubukana bunini bw'ubukana, ariko kwiyongera kwa moteri zikora neza n'amategeko akaze yo kubungabunga ibidukikije bivuze ko ubukana bugomba gupimwa no kugenzurwa neza cyane. Amabwiriza ya peteroli nka ISO 8217 agaragaza ubukana nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi, bigatuma abakora muri ibyo bigo bahitamo gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ubukana bw'ubukana bw'amavuta butanga icyizere cy'uko ibintu bihinduka mu gihe cy'itangwa ry'ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gutwika n'ibikenewe mu buryo butoshye
Uburyo bugezweho bwo gutwika—bwaba moteri za mazutu, turbine za gaze, cyangwa ibyuma bitwika inganda—bishingira ku buryo bwo gutwika neza lisansi kugira ngo bivange umwuka n’amavuta mu buryo bumwe. Kugera ku rugero rw’isukari ryifuzwa ntibishoboka niba ubushyuhe bw’amavuta buri hanze y’idirishya ryayo ryiza. Ubushyuhe buke bushobora gutera amazi gusohoka no kwiyongera k’umuvuduko, mu gihe ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane butera ubushyuhe buke, umuriro utuzuye, no kwinjizwa mu byuma bitera injectors. Kubera ko moteri zakozwe zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye kandi zigashyiramo umuvuduko mwinshi, icyifuzo cyo gucunga ubushyuhe neza cyabaye ikintu kidashoboka.
Uburyo gakondo bwo gupima ubukana bwa lisansi
Mu mateka, laboratwari zakoreshaga viscometers za capillary, viscometers za Redwood, na Saybolt kugira ngo zipime ubukana bwa peteroli iremereye. Nubwo ari ukuri mu bidukikije bigenzurwa, ubu buryo bwasabaga ingero, uburyo bwo kuyifata n'intoki, no gutinda kubona ibisubizo. Mu bikorwa by'inganda byihuta, kwishingikiriza gusa ku isuzuma ritari kuri interineti ni ibintu biteje akaga, kuko ubukana bushobora guhinduka cyane hagati yo kubika, gushyushya, no guterwa koko.
Muri iki gihe, inganda zishaka igenzura rihoraho kuri interineti, ariko gusobanukirwa ishingiro gakondo bifasha kugaragaza impamvu ikoranabuhanga rishya rihindura ibintu cyane.
Ibice by'Ubucucike byasobanuwe
Ubushyuhe bukunze kugaragara muri centistokes (cSt), centipoise (cP), cyangwa Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS). Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba gusobanura ibi bitewe n'amabwiriza y'ibikoresho n'amahame ngenderwaho yo mu karere. Urugero, ubushyuhe bwa peteroli ikomeye bukunze kugaragazwa muri cSt kuri 50 °C, mu gihe moteri zo mu mazi zisaba imiyoboro yihariye yo gushyushya kugira ngo zihuze ubushyuhe mu rugero rwa 10–15 cSt. Uku gusobanukirwa neza ibipimo by'ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu gupima ubushyuhe, pompe, n'ibikoresho bigenzura ubushyuhe.
Uburyo ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku bucucike bwa lisansi
Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe bwa lisansi. Ubwiyongere buto bw'ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanya cyane ubudahangarwa bw'amazi, bigatuma lisansi nini zikora neza.
Abakoresha moteri zo mu mazi bazi ko imiterere ya peteroli nini isaba gushyushya nibura kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 120–150 mbere yo guterwa. Kunanirwa gucunga isano y'ubushyuhe n'ubukana bishobora gutera gukubita moteri, gushya burundu, cyangwa kwangirika kwa pompe. Niyo mpamvu sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura ubukana bwa peteroli zihuza uburyo bwo gushyushya n'uburyo bwo gusubiza ubukana kugira ngo bikore neza.
Imiterere ya lisansi igira ingaruka ku bucucike
Imiterere myinshi y’ingenzi igira ingaruka ku buryo lisansi irwanya amazi atemba. Impumuro nziza, ubucucike bwa asphaltene, n’ibipimo byo kuvanga na distillates ni byo bigira uruhare runini. Uko ubucucike n’ubucucike bwa molekile birushaho kuba byinshi, ni ko ubucucike bwa lisansi buba bwinshi. Imyanda nk’amazi, ibirungo, cyangwa ibinyabutabire bya sulfure bishobora kubangamira imyitwarire y’ubucucike bwitezwe, bigatuma kugenzura kuri interineti ari ngombwa. Gusobanukirwa iyi miterere y’ibirungo bifasha abakora lisansi kwitega guhangana n’ingorane no gushyiraho ingamba zo kuvanga zituma amavuta akomeye akomera kandi agakomeza kumera neza.
Imbogamizi mu gupima ubukana bw'ibikomoka kuri lisansi buri gihe
Ibibazo bidasanzwe ku bwiza bwa lisansi
Gushaka ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu bunker ku isi bivuze ko ababikora bakunze guhura n’ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa. Ihindagurika ry’ubukana hagati y’amatsinda rishobora kuba rikomeye, bigasaba impinduka mu buryo bufatika ku ngamba zo gushyushya no kuvanga. Hatabayeho igenzura ryizewe, kudahuza neza ubukana bwa peteroli bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bikoresho.
Ingorane zo kugenzura inzira hamwe n'ubucucike butandukanye
Uruganda rutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa uruganda rukora ingufu zikomoka ku binyabiziga bihindagurika, ruhura n’umuriro udahindagurika kandi rukagabanuka. Guhindura intoki bitinze inyuma y’ukuri, bigatuma gupima mu buryo buhoraho biba igisubizo cyonyine kirambye.
Ingaruka zo Kudakora neza kw'Ibikoresho
Uburemere bwinshi bw'amavuta akoreshwa muri peteroli butera imbaraga ku mashini zikoresha peteroli n'izikoresha injectors, mu gihe uburemere buke butera gusohoka no gufunga bidahagije. Ibyo byombi byihutisha kwangirika kw'imashini, bikagabanya igihe cyo kuyisana, kandi bikongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amabwiriza agenga ibipimo bya lisansi
Bitewe n’imipaka ya sulfure ya IMO 2020 n’amahame ya ISO y’ubukana, amasosiyete agomba kugaragaza ko sisitemu zayo zo kugenzura ubukana bwa peteroli yujuje ibisabwa. Iyo bitagenze gutyo bishobora gucibwa amande, kwangirika kwa moteri, ndetse no gutakaza izina.
Ibisubizo bya Lonnmeter byo kugenzura ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo
Kongera uburyo bwo gukuraho lisansi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyigenzura neza
Lonnmeteribikoresho byo gupima ubuninigutanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku buryo bwo gushyushya no gutera inshinge, bigamije kwemeza ko atomization ihora igaragara mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bukwiye. Ibi bituma umuriro utwika neza, imyuka ihumanya igabanuka, kandi bigatuma ingufu zihinduka neza.
Kunoza Imikorere myiza yo Gutanga Amakuru kuri Interineti
Ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi ntibugira ingaruka ku gutwika gusa ahubwo bunagira ingaruka ku mirimo yo gusohora lisansi. Mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwiza bw'ibikomoka kuri lisansi, sisitemu za Lonnmeter zigabanya umuvuduko ku mapompo kandi zikagabanya igihombo cy'ingufu, bigafasha abakora akazi kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere cyane.
Kugenzura ko lisansi ivangwa neza na Lonnmeter
Kuvanga ibikomoka kuri peteroli zitandukanye bifite imiterere itandukanye ya peteroli ikomeye ni byiza gusa iyo igipimo cy’ubushyuhe gigenzuwe neza. Igenzura rya Lonnmeter ryemeza ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli biguma mu buryo bugenwe mbere yuko bigera ku bikoresho byo gutwika byoroheje.
Ibyiza byo kugenzura ubucucike mu mikorere
Kunoza Ireme ry'Ibicuruzwa no Kubihuza
Ubushyuhe bw'amavuta ya lisansi bugenzurwa neza butuma habaho imikorere iteganywa n'amategeko yo gutwika, bigabanye ihindagurika rishobora kwangiza umusaruro.
Kongera umusaruro mu buryo bwiza no mu buryo bufatika
Mu gukuraho gukekeranya n'intoki no gutinda, kugenzura ubushyuhe kuri interineti bituma ibikoresho bikora neza cyane nta nkomyi ziterwa no gutwika kudahindagurika.
Kugabanya Ikoreshwa ry'Ingufu n'Ikiguzi cy'Imikorere
Gushyushya lisansi ku rugero rukwiye birinda gushyuha cyane, bikagabanya ingufu za lisansi mu gihe birinda ibice byayo kwangirika imburagihe.
Gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije n'umutekano
Ubushyuhe budahindagurika bw’amavuta menshi butuma habaho gutwika neza hamwe n’ingufu nke za hydrocarbon zidatwikwa, bigafasha inganda kubahiriza imipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu gihe zikomeza gukora neza mu nganda.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha peteroli nini?
Ubushyuhe bwiza ku mavuta aremereye ku gice cyo guterwamo moteri akenshi buba hagati ya sentimetero 10–15 (cSt), bugerwaho binyuze mu gushyushya mbere yo kuyikoresha. Ubu buryo butuma moteri ihinduka neza, ikara neza, kandi moteri igatakaza ubusaza.
Kuki ubushyuhe ari ingenzi mu mavuta?
Ubukana bwa lisansi bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere y'amazi, imikorere myiza yo gupompa, n'ubwiza bwa atome. Iyo ubukana ari bwinshi cyane, lisansi ntishobora gukora atome neza, bigatuma umuriro utwika neza kandi ugashira. Iyo ari hasi cyane, ishobora kuvamo imashini zifunga inshinge kandi ikagabanya umuvuduko. Ibyo byombi byangiza imikorere n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho.
Ni gute imiterere y'amavuta akomeye igira ingaruka ku bushyuhe?
Imiterere y'amavuta akomeye, nk'ubucucike, ingano ya asphaltene, n'ibipimo byo kuvanga, bigena mu buryo butaziguye ubucucike. Ubushobozi bwinshi bwa molekile butuma habaho ibicanwa binini kandi birwanya ibisaba gushyushya neza no kugenzura kuri interineti kugira ngo bifatwe neza.
Ni gute ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansi bugenzurwa mu buryo bufatika?
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amavuta ya lisansi igenzura ubushyuhe binyuze mu guhuza uburyo bwo guhindura ubushyuhe (gushyushya mbere) no gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse. Sisitemu zigezweho nka Lonnmeter zitanga amakuru ahoraho y'ubushyuhe, zigatuma habaho kuvanga neza, gutwika neza, no kubahiriza amahame ya ISO na IMO.
Ni gute ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwa lisansi?
Ubushyuhe bwa lisansi buragabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ku bushyuhe bwa lisansi bukabije, gushyushya kugeza kuri 120–150 °C ni ngombwa mbere yo guterwa. Ibi bituma lisansi igera ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe gikenewe kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo gutwika no gusukura.
Ibikoresho bipima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansi bigezweho, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, biziba icyuho kiri hagati y'ubwiza bw'umusaruro uhindagurika n'ibikenewe mu buryo bukomeye. Twandikire ubu ngubu niba witiranyije gupima ubukana kugira ngo wongere ubwizigame mu gutwika, gukoresha neza ingufu, no kubahiriza amategeko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-05-2025
