Inganda zikora ibintu byo kwisiga muri iki gihe zirangwa n'uburyo bugoye bwo gukora, akenshi bugizwe n'amazi atari aya Newtonian. Imyitwarire y'ibi bikoresho, nko gukata no gukata icyuma na thixotropy, itera imbogamizi zikomeye ku buryo gakondo bwo gukora, bigatuma habaho kudahuza kw'ibikoresho, imyanda myinshi y'ibikoresho fatizo, ndetse n'imikorere mibi mu bikorwa by'ingenzi nko gupompa no kuvanga. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge, bushingiye ku bipimo by'ubushyuhe, bidakoresha umurongo ngenderwaho, ntabwo bihagije mu gufata imyitwarire y'aya mazi mu gihe cy'umusaruro.
I. Ibyerekeye imiterere y'amaraso n'ihindagurika ry'amazi mu gukora ubwiza
Gukora amavuta yo kwisiga ni inzira isobanutse neza aho imiterere y’amazi ari yo y’ingenzi cyane. Gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y’ayo mazi ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho ikiganiro cy’ingirakamaro ku bijyanye no kunoza imikorere. Imiterere y’amazi y’ibintu byo kwisiga ntigengwa n’isano yoroshye, bigatuma bitandukanye cyane n’amazi ya Newton nk’amazi.
1.1Ubucucike n'Ubumenyi bw'Imitekerereze
Ubushyuhe ni igipimo cy'uko amazi adashobora guhangana n'umuvuduko ukoreshwa. Ku mazi yoroshye ya Newtonian, iyi miterere ihoraho kandi ishobora kurangwa n'agaciro kamwe. Ariko, imiterere yo kwisiga ikunze kuba yoroshye gutya. Amavuta menshi yo kwisiga, amavuta yo kwisiga, na shampoos bishyirwa mu byiciro nk'amazi atari aya Newtonian, aho imbaraga zayo zo kurwanya amazi zihinduka bitewe n'ingano y'imbaraga (shearing) zikoreshwa.
Rheology ni ishami rirambuye kandi ry'ingenzi kuri uru rwego. Ni inyigo y'uruhererekane n'ihinduka ry'ibinyobwa, gel, na semi-solid. Amakuru amwe ntabwo ahagije kugira ngo hamenyekane imyitwarire y'igicuruzwa uko gitemba, kivanze, kandi cyuzuye. Imiterere ya rheology y'igicuruzwa igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku miterere yacyo y'ibyumviro, ku buryo kidahinduka mu gupfunyika, no ku mikorere yacyo. Urugero, ubushyuhe bwa crème bugena uburyo gikwirakwira ku ruhu, kandi imiterere ya shampo igira ingaruka ku rugero umuguzi atanga mu icupa.
1.2Amazi atari ay’i Newtonian n’imbogamizi zayo mu gukora
Ubuhanga bwo gukora ubwiza buturuka ku myitwarire itandukanye y’amazi akoreshwa mu gusiga. Gusobanukirwa iyi myitwarire ni ingenzi mu gukemura ibibazo by’umusaruro.
Uburwayi bwa Pseudoplasticity (Gukata no gukata ibara):Iyi ni umwihariko udashingiye ku gihe aho ubushyuhe bugaragara bw'amazi bugabanuka uko umuvuduko wo gukata ugenda wiyongera. Amavuta menshi yo kwisiga n'amavuta yo kwisiga agaragaza iyi myitwarire, ibyo bikaba ari byiza ku bintu bigomba kuba binini mu gihe cyo kuruhuka ariko bigakwirakwira cyangwa bigatemba iyo bikoreshejwe.
Thixotropi:Iyi ni imiterere yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bitewe n'igihe. Amazi ya thixotropic, nk'ama-gel amwe na zimwe na colloidal suspensions, agabanuka iyo ahungabanye cyangwa aciwe uko igihe kigenda gihita kandi bifata igihe runaka kugira ngo asubire ku mimerere ye ya mbere, irushaho kuzura iyo stress ikuweho. Urugero rwa kera ni irangi ritavamo amazi, rigabanuka munsi y'uburoso ariko rigahita rikomera ku buso buhagaze kugira ngo ridacika intege. Yawurute na shampoo zimwe na zimwe na zo zigaragaza iyi miterere.
Amavuta atuma umuntu ahangayika:Ibi bikoresho bikora nk'ikintu gikomeye iyo biruhutse kandi bitangira gutemba nyuma yuko stress yo gukata irengeje agaciro k'ingenzi, kizwi nka yield point cyangwa yield stress. Ketchup ni urugero rusanzwe. Mu bicuruzwa byo kwisiga, abaguzi babona ko ibicuruzwa bifite agace k'umusaruro mwinshi bifite "ubwinshi" bwinshi kandi bifite ubwiza bwo hejuru.
1.3 Ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'ibikorwa
Imyitwarire idahuje n'umurongo w'amazi igira ingaruka zikomeye kandi akenshi mbi ku bikorwa bisanzwe byo gukora.
1.3.1 Imirimo yo gupompa:
Imikorere ya pompe zikoresha centrifugal, ziboneka ahantu hose mu nganda, igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucucike bw'amazi. Umutwe wa pompe n'umusaruro wayo bishobora "kugabanuka" cyane iyo ipompa amazi adafite ubucucike bwinshi, atari ay'i Newtonian. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kwiyongera kw'ibikubiye mu mvange bishobora gutuma umutwe n'ubushobozi bigabanuka kugeza kuri 60% na 25%, uko bikurikirana, ku mvange zivanze. Uku kugabanuka ntabwo ari uguhagarara; umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukata imbere muri pompe ushobora guhindura ubucucike bw'amazi bugaragara, bigatera imikorere idasobanutse neza no kubura amazi azenguruka neza. Ubudahangarwa bwinshi bw'amazi akoresha viscous bunashyira umutwaro munini wa radial ku mabere kandi bigatera ibibazo ku byuma bifunga, byongera ibyago byo kwangirika no kubungabunga ibikoresho.
1.3.2 Kuvanga no Gutera ubwoba:
Mu gikoresho cyo kuvanga, ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi yo kwisiga bushobora kugabanya cyane amazi ava mu cyuma cyo kuvanga, bigateranya uburyo bwo kuvanga no kuvanga mu gace gato gakikije icyuma cyo kuvanga. Ibi bituma ingufu nyinshi zitakaza kandi bikabuza itsinda ryose kugera ku buryo bumwe. Ku mazi yo gukata, iyi ngaruka irushaho kwiyongera, kuko amazi ari kure y'icyuma cyo kuvanga ahura n'igipimo gito cyo kuvanga kandi agakomeza kuba ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma "ibirwa bivanga buhoro buhoro" cyangwa "ibiraro by'ubupfumu" bitahujwe neza. Ingaruka ni uko ibice bikwirakwira mu buryo butari bumwe kandi umusaruro wa nyuma ukaba udahuye.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubukana bw'amazi hakoreshejwe intoki, hanze y'umurongo ntabwo buhagije mu gukemura izi ngorane. Ubukana bw'amazi atari Newtonian si agaciro kamwe ahubwo ni urwego rw'igipimo cyo gukata, kandi rimwe na rimwe, igihe cyo gukata. Imiterere y'aho icyitegererezo cya laboratwari gipimirwa (urugero, mu gikombe ku muvuduko n'ubushyuhe runaka) ntabwo igaragaza imiterere y'ubukana bw'amazi mu muyoboro cyangwa mu gikoresho cyo kuvanga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igipimo gifatwa ku gipimo gihamye cyo gukata n'ubushyuhe gishobora kuba kidafite aho gihuriye n'imyitwarire y'amazi mu gihe cy'imikorere ihindagurika. Iyo itsinda ry'inganda rikoresha igenzura ry'amasaha abiri mu gihe cy'intoki, ntabwo batinda gusa kugira icyo bakora ku ihindagurika ry'imikorere mu gihe nyacyo ahubwo banashingira ibyemezo byabo ku gaciro gashobora kutagaragaza neza imiterere y'amazi mu gihe arimo gukata. Uku kwishingikiriza ku makuru afite inenge kandi asubiza ibintu neza bitera uruhererekane rw'igenzura ribi n'impinduka nyinshi mu mikorere, bidashoboka gucika nta buryo bushya kandi bufatika.
Kuvanga no Kuvanga Amabara y'Icyubahiro
II. Guhitamo sensor no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho mu bidukikije bikomeye
Kurenga uburyo bwo gukoresha intoki bisaba guhitamo viscometers zikomeye kandi zizewe zo kuri interineti zishobora gutanga amakuru ahoraho kandi nyayo uhereye muri urwo rwego.
2.1Imiterere y'amaso kuri interineti
Ibikoresho byo kureba amashusho kuri interineti, byaba bishyizwe mu murongo w’ibikorwa (muri umurongo) cyangwa mu murongo w’inzira, bitanga ibipimo by’ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo amasaha 24/7, bigatuma habaho igenzura n’igenzura ry’ibikorwa rihoraho. Ibi bitandukanye cyane n’uburyo bwa laboratwari bukoreshwa hanze y’umurongo, bushobora gutanga ishusho y’uko ibikorwa bigenda mu bihe bitandukanye. Ubushobozi bwo kubona amakuru yizewe kandi ahoraho aturutse ku murongo w’ibikorwa ni ngombwa kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ikorwa mu buryo bwikora kandi bufunze.
2.2 Ibisabwa by'ingenzi kuri Viscometer
Guhitamo viscometer yo gukora ubwiza bigomba kugengwa n'imbogamizi zidasanzwe zishingiye ku bidukikije n'imikorere y'inganda.
Imbogamizi ku bidukikije no ku bidukikije:
Ubushyuhe n'Umuvuduko Ukabije:Imiterere y'ubwiza ikunze gusaba gushyushya ku bushyuhe bwihariye kugira ngo habeho kuvanga no gusya neza. Imashini yatoranijwe igomba kuba ishobora gukora neza ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 300 °C n'umuvuduko ugera kuri 500 bar.
Ubudahangarwa ku ngaruka:Ibintu byinshi byo kwisiga, harimo na surfactants n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye, bishobora kwangiza uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibice byatose bya sensor bigomba kuba bikoze mu bikoresho biramba cyane kandi birwanya ingese. Icyuma cya Stainless Steel cya 316L ni amahitamo asanzwe yo kwihanganira ingaruka mbi muri bene ibyo bidukikije.
Ubudahangarwa ku Kunyeganyega:Ahantu hakorerwa inganda hari urusaku rwinshi, aho ipompo, ibitera imbaraga, n'izindi mashini bitanga imitingito ikomeye mu kirere. Ihame ryo gupima rya sensor rigomba kuba ridafite uburinzi kuri iyo mitingito kugira ngo amakuru abe meza.
2.3 Isesengura ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Viscometer mu guhuza ibikorwa
Kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rirusheho gukoreshwa neza kuri interineti, hari ikoranabuhanga rikwiriye kurusha ayandi.
Ibikoresho bya Viscometer bihindagurika/bihindura imiterere y'umubiri: Iri koranabuhanga rikora mu gupima ingaruka z'amazi ku kintu kinyeganyega, nka forogo cyangwa resonator, kugira ngo hamenyekane ubukana. Iri hame ritanga inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi mu bijyanye no kwisiga. Izi sensor nta bice bigira bigenda, bigabanya gukenera kwitabwaho no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere muri rusange. Igishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe neza, nka resonator ya coaxial iringaniye, gikuraho imbaraga za reaction torque bityo ntikigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibikoresho n'imitingito yo hanze. Ubu budahangarwa ku rusaku rwo mu kirere butuma habaho gupima guhamye, gusubiramo, no kongera gupimwa, ndetse no mu gihe cy'amazi menshi cyangwa mu gihe cy'ingufu nyinshi. Izi sensor zishobora kandi gupima ubukana mu buryo bwagutse cyane, kuva ku mazi make cyane kugeza ku mazi menshi cyane, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Ikoranabuhanga rizenguruka n'irindi koranabuhanga:Nubwo viscometer zizunguruka zigira akamaro kanini muri laboratwari mu gukora imiyoboro yuzuye y’amazi, imiterere yazo n’uko ibice bigenda bishobora gutuma bigorana kuzibungabunga mu nganda. Izindi bwoko, nk'igice gigwa cyangwa ubwoko bwa capillary, zishobora kuba zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye ariko akenshi zihura n’imbogamizi mu gupima amazi atari Newtonian cyangwa zishobora guhura n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe n’amazi.
Kwizerwa kwa sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora bijyana neza n'ubwizerwe bw'ibikoresho byayo byo kugenzura. Kubwibyo, guhagarara igihe kirekire no gupima bike bisabwa kuri viscometer si ibintu byoroshye gusa; ni ibisabwa by'ibanze kugira ngo sisitemu yo kugenzura ikore neza kandi idakoresha uburyo bwinshi. Igiciro cya sensor kigomba gufatwa atari nk'amafaranga y'ibanze yakoreshejwe ahubwo nk'ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO), kirimo akazi n'igihe cyo kuruhuka bijyana no kubungabunga no kugenzura. Amakuru aturuka ku bikoresho nkaviscometers za capillarybigaragaza ko iyo bikozwe neza kandi bigasukurwa neza, gupima neza bishobora kugumaho mu gihe cy'imyaka icumi cyangwa irenga, bigaragaza ko gupima neza igihe kirekire ari ikintu cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi mu gukoresha ibikoresho. Sensor ishobora kugumana gupima kwayo igihe kirekire ikuraho cyane ingaruka z'umushinga wo kwikora binyuze mu gukuraho isoko nyamukuru ry'impinduka mu mikorere no gutuma sisitemu ikora mu buryo bwigenga nta ngaruka mbi zitangwa n'abantu.
| Ikoranabuhanga | Ihame ry'imikorere | Ikwiriye ku mazi atari ay'ubunyobwa bwa Newtonian | Ubushobozi bwo kugira ubushyuhe bwinshi/igitutu kinini | Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi | Ubudahangarwa bw'Ubudahangarwa bw'Umutingito | Kubungabunga/Gupima |
| Ihindagurika/ Irangurura | Ipima uburyo amazi ahumira ku kintu kinyeganyega (ikanya, resonator). | Ni nziza cyane (isoma neza kandi ishobora kongera guhindurwa). | Hejuru (kugeza kuri 300°C, 500 bar). | Ni nziza cyane (ibice byose bya 316L SS byatose). | Ni nziza cyane (igishushanyo mbonera cy’amajwi agaragara neza). | Hasi (nta bice bigenda, nta mwanda mwinshi wandujwe). |
| Izunguruka | Ipima imbaraga zikenewe kugira ngo izunguruke umugozi mu mazi. | Ni nziza cyane (itanga umurongo wuzuye w'amazi mu isuzuma). | Kuva ku rugero ruri hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru (bitandukana bitewe n'icyitegererezo). | Ni byiza (bisaba ibikoresho byihariye byo gusimbuka). | Ntibikomeye (biterwa cyane n'ingufu zo hanze). | Hejuru (gusukura kenshi, kwimura ibice). |
| Umuvuduko w'imitsi yo mu kanwa/Itandukaniro | Ipima igabanuka ry'umuvuduko ku muyoboro uhoraho ku muvuduko uhoraho w'amazi. | Bifite ingano nto (bitanga ubushyuhe bumwe busanzwe bwa Newtonian). | Hagati kugeza ku Hejuru (bisaba ubushyuhe budahungabana). | Ni byiza (biterwa n'ibikoresho bya capillary). | Iringaniye (rishingiye ku muvuduko w'amazi, risaba umuvuduko uhoraho). | Hejuru (isaba gusukurwa, ishobora kuziba). |
| Ikintu Kigwa | Ipima igihe ikintu runaka kinyura mu mazi. | Bifite ingano nto (bitanga ubushyuhe bumwe busanzwe bwa Newtonian). | Hagati kugeza ku Hejuru (biterwa n'ibikoresho). | Ni byiza (biterwa n'ibikoresho by'ikintu). | Iringaniye (ishobora gutembera mu muvuduko). | Ibice biringaniye (ibice bigenda, bisaba kongera gupimwa). |
2.4 Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira sensor ku makuru nyayo
Gushyira viscometer mu mwanya wayo ni ingenzi cyane kimwe n'ikoranabuhanga ubwaryo. Gushyiramo neza amakuru akusanywa bigaragaza uko ibintu bimeze. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora busaba ko sensor ishyirwa ahantu amazi ahurira kandi aho ikintu cyo kumva kiba cyuzuye mu mazi igihe cyose. Ahantu hanini mu muyoboro aho umwuka ushobora guhurira hagomba kwirindwa, kuko umwuka winjijwemo ushobora kubangamira ibipimo, cyane cyane kuriviscometer zihindagurikaMu buryo nk'ubwo, gushyira mu "duce duhagaze" aho amazi adahora agenda bigomba kwirindwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu byangirika kuri sensor. Ingamba nziza ni ugushyira sensor mu gice cy'umuyoboro aho amazi anyura kandi ahindagurika, nko kuzamuka kw'amazi cyangwa ahantu hafite umuvuduko uhoraho w'amazi, kugira ngo haboneke amakuru yizewe cyane kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura.
III.Guhuza PLC/DCS mu buryo butagira umuvuduko binyuze muri RS485
Gushyira ahagaragara nezaviscometer yo kuri interinetiishingiye ku guhuza kwayo neza n'ibikorwa remezo byo kugenzura uruganda bihari. Guhitamo protocole y'itumanaho n'urwego rw'umubiri ni icyemezo cy'ingenzi gihuza ubwizerwe, ikiguzi, n'uburyo bwo guhuza na sisitemu zishaje.
3.1 Incamake y'imiterere ya sisitemu
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura inganda muri iyi porogaramu ni umubano hagati y’umukoresha n’umukoresha. PLC cyangwa DCS y’uruganda ikora nka "master", itangiza itumanaho na viscometer, ikora nk'igikoresho "cy'umukoresha". Igikoresho cy'umukoresha kiguma "kidatuje" kugeza igihe gibajijwe na master, aho gisubiza amakuru yasabwe. Ubu buryo bw'itumanaho bukoreshwa buri umwe umwe burinda guhurirana kw'amakuru kandi bworoshya imicungire y'umuyoboro.
3.2 Uburyo bwo guhuza RS485
Uburyo bwo gutumanaho bwa RS485 ni uburyo bukomeye kandi bwemewe cyane mu bijyanye no kwihutisha imikorere y’inganda, cyane cyane ku bikorwa bisaba itumanaho rya kure kandi rifite ingingo nyinshi.
Ibyiza bya tekiniki:
Intera ndende n'amanutse menshi: RS485 ifasha mu kohereza amakuru mu ntera igera kuri metero 2000, bigatuma iba nziza cyane mu nganda nini. Bisi imwe ishobora guhuza ibikoresho bigera kuri 30, umubare ushobora kwaguka ukagera amasaha 24/7 hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bisubiramo, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi n'ubukana bw'ibikorwa remezo by'insinga.
Ubudahangarwa bw'urusaku:RS485 ikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga ibimenyetso buringaniye kandi butandukanye hejuru y’insinga zigonganye. Ubu buryo butanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku mvururu za elegitoroniki (EMI) n’izindi nkuba z’amashanyarazi, iki kikaba ari ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu nganda zifite moteri nini na za drive.
3.3 Guhuza Icyuho cya PLC/DCS
RS485 si uguhitamo tekiniki gusa; ni icyemezo cy’ubucuruzi gifasha mu buryo bw’ingamba zigabanya cyane inzitizi zo kwinjira mu buryo bwikora. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora intera ndende no kurwanya urusaku butuma ikwiranye neza n’inganda aho ibi bintu ari ingenzi kuruta umuvuduko w’itumanaho.
IV. Inkomoko y'inyigisho z'igenzura rijyanye n'uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu (Theory-Based Adaptive Control)
Iki gice gitanga ishingiro rikomeye ry’ubwenge ku ngamba zo kugenzura zishobora guhangana n’imiterere y’ibintu bigoye kandi bidahuza n’umurongo umwe by’amazi yo kwisiga.
4.1 Gukenera Igenzura Rihanitse
Ibyuma bigenzura ibintu bisanzwe bipima ingano y’ibintu bikomoka ku miterere ya PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)) bishingiye ku buryo busanzwe bw’imikorere kandi ntibifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imyitwarire idashingiye ku murongo, ishingiye ku gihe, kandi ihindagurika ry’ibintu bikomoka ku mazi atari ay’i Newtonian. Ibyuma bigenzura ibintu bya PID birakora; bitegereza ko habaho gutandukana n’aho byashyizwe mbere y’uko bitangira gufata ingamba zo kubikosora. Ku buryo bufite imiterere miremire yo gusubiza, nk’ikigega kinini cyo kuvanga cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha, ibi bishobora gutuma amakosa akosorwa buhoro, guhindagurana, cyangwa kurenza urugero rw’ubushyuhe bw’ikintu kigamije. Byongeye kandi, ibibazo byo hanze, nko guhinduka k’ubushyuhe cyangwa impinduka mu miterere y’ibikoresho fatizo byinjira, byasaba ko ibyuma bigenzura ibintu bya PID bihora bivugururwa n’intoki, bigatera kudahuzagurika no kudakora neza.
4.2 Uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'imitsi n'imitsi
Ishingiro ry'ingamba nziza zo kugenzura amazi atari aya Newtonia ni icyitegererezo cy'imibare gifatika kandi giteganya imyitwarire yabo.
4.2.1 Uburyo bwo Gushushanya (Amahame ya Mbere):
Icyitegererezo cya Herschel-Bulkley ni ikigereranyo gikomeye gikoreshwa mu gusobanura imikorere y’amazi agaragaza stress y’umusaruro ndetse n’imiterere yo gukata cyangwa gukata. Icyitegererezo gihuza stress yo gukata (τ) n’igipimo cyo gukata (γ˙) hakoreshejwe ibipimo bitatu by’ingenzi:
τ=τγ+K(γ˙)n
τγ (Umusaruro w'Umuvuduko): Umuvuduko muto cyane ugomba kurenza kugira ngo amazi atangire gutemba.
K (Icyitegererezo cy'Uburinganire): Ikigereranyo gisa n'ubukana bw'amazi, kigaragaza ubudahangarwa bw'amazi mu gutemba.
n (Icyitegererezo cy'Imyitwarire y'Umuvuduko): Igipimo cy'ingenzi gisobanura imyitwarire y'amazi: n <1 yo gukata shear (pseudoplastic), n>1 yo gukata shear (kwaguka), na n = 1 kuri pulasitiki ya Bingham.
Iyi moderi itanga urwego rw'imibare ku mugenzuzi kugira ngo ahanure uburyo ubukana bw'amazi bugaragara buzahinduka bitewe n'umuvuduko utandukanye wo gukata muri icyo gikorwa, kuva ku gace gafite ubukana buke kugeza ku gace gafite ubukana bwinshi bw'ipompe.
4.2.2 Uburyo bwo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bushingiye ku makuru:
Uretse icyitegererezo cy’amahame ya mbere, uburyo bushingiye ku makuru bushobora gukoreshwa mu kubaka icyitegererezo cy’imikorere cyiga ku makuru atangwa mu buryo nyabwo na viscometer yo kuri interineti. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku buryo bugoye aho icyitegererezo cy’amahame ya mbere giteye ku buryo nyabwo bigorana kubona. Icyitegererezo gishingiye ku makuru gishobora guhindura no kunoza ibipimo bya sensor mu buryo buhuye n’igihe kugira ngo gisobanure ibintu byo hanze nk’impinduka mu miterere y’amavuta cyangwa ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe. Ubu buryo bwagaragaye ko bugenzura neza ikosa ry’ikigereranyo cy’ibipimo bya viscosity mu rugero ruto, bigaragaza imikorere myiza n’ubwizerwe.
4.3 Inkomoko y'Itegeko ryo Kugenzura Ihindagurika ry'Ingengabihe
Ishingiro rya sisitemu yo kugenzura ihindagurika ishingiye ku rugero ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwiga no guhuza n'imimerere ihinduka. Umugenzuzi ntiyishingikiriza ku bipimo bihoraho ahubwo avugurura uburyo bw'imbere bw'igikorwa mu buryo buhamye.
Ihame ry'ingenzi:Umugenzuzi uhindura imikorere ahora asuzuma cyangwa avugurura ibipimo by’icyitegererezo cye cy’imbere mu buryo bw’igihe nyacyo ashingiye ku makuru yinjiye ya sensor. Ibi bituma umugenzuzi "yiga" kandi agasubiza ihinduka ry’imikorere riterwa n’impinduka mu bikoresho fatizo, ubusaza bw’ibikoresho, cyangwa impinduka mu bidukikije.
Gushyiraho amategeko agenga igenzura:
Isuzuma ry'ibipimo by'icyitegererezo: Isuzuma ry'ibipimo, akenshi rishingiye kuri algorithme ya recursive least squares (RLS) ifite adaptive forgetting factor, ikoresha amakuru ya sensor mu gihe nyacyo (viscosity, temperature, shear rate) kugira ngo ikomeze guhindura ibipimo by'icyitegererezo, nka K na n values bya Herschel-Bulkley model. Iki ni igice "kidahinduka".
Algorithm yo Kugenzura Ibiteganyijwe:Uburyo bushya bwo gukora ibintu bukoreshwa mu guhanura imyitwarire y'amazi mu gihe kizaza. Algorithm ya Model Predictive Control (MPC) ni ingamba nziza kuri iyi porogaramu. MPC ishobora gucunga ibintu byinshi byahinduwe (urugero, igipimo cyo kongeramo ingano n'umuvuduko wa pompe) icyarimwe kugira ngo igenzure ibintu byinshi bisohoka (urugero, ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe). Imiterere ya MPC yo guhanura ituma ibarwa neza ikenewe kugira ngo inzira ikomeze kugenda neza, nubwo haba hari igihe kirekire itinda, igenzura ko amazi aguma mu "dirishya" ryayo ryiza rya rheological igihe cyose.
Impinduka kuva ku kugenzura ibitekerezo byoroshye kugera ku kugenzura bishingiye ku buryo bworoshye bigaragaza impinduka y'ibanze kuva ku gucunga ibikorwa byoroshye kugera ku gucunga ibikorwa byoroshye. Umugenzuzi wa PID usanzwe arangwa no gukora ibintu byoroshye, ategereje ko ikosa ribaho mbere yo kugira icyo akora. Ku gikorwa gifite igihe kinini cyo gutinda, iki gikorwa akenshi kiba cyatinze cyane, bigatuma habaho guhindagurika no kwiheba. Umugenzuzi uhoraho, mu kwiga uburyo bwo gukora ibintu byoroshye, ashobora guhanura uburyo impinduka zo mu rwego rwo hejuru—nk'impinduka mu miterere y'ibikoresho by'ibanze—zizagira ingaruka ku buryo ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bihinduka mbere yuko ihinduka riba rikomeye. Ibi bituma sisitemu ikora impinduka zifatika, zibara, igenzura ko ibicuruzwa biguma ku bipimo kandi ikagabanya imyanda n'impinduka. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gituma habaho kugabanuka gukomeye kw'impinduka mu byiciro n'imyanda y'ibikoresho byanditse mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryagenze neza.
V. Gushyira mu bikorwa, kugenzura, n'ingamba zo gukora
Icyiciro cya nyuma cy'umushinga ni ugushyira mu bikorwa neza no gucunga neza gahunda ihuriweho. Ibi bisaba igenamigambi ryimbitse no gukurikiza inzira nziza z'imikorere.
5.1 Uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga serivisi
Guhuza uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'amashusho (viscometry) no kugenzura uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu (adaptive control) ni akazi katoroshye gakwiye guhabwa abahuza imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga bafite uburambe. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere ni ingenzi cyane, kuko kugeza kuri 80% by'ibibazo by'umushinga bishobora gukurikiranwa kugeza kuri iki cyiciro. Mu gihe cyo kongera gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zo kugenzura za kera, umuhanga mu guhuza imiterere y'amashusho ashobora gutanga ubumenyi bukenewe kugira ngo ace icyuho mu itumanaho no kwemeza ko hari ukwimuka guhamye. Byongeye kandi, gushyira sensor neza ni ingenzi cyane. Viscometer igomba gushyirwa ahantu hatari umwuka, ahantu hadahagaze, n'uduce duto dushobora kubangamira ibipimo.
5.2 Kwemeza no Guhuza Amakuru
Kugira ngo sisitemu yo kugenzura ibe yizewe, amakuru ikoresha agomba kwemezwa no guhuzwa. Ibyuma bipima mu nganda biri ahantu habi bishobora kwangizwa n'urusaku, guhindagurika kw'amazi n'amakosa. Urugendo rw'igenzura rwizera amakuru y'ibikoresho bipima amashanyarazi rurapfa kandi rushobora gukora amakosa ahenze.
Kwemeza amakuru:Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo gusuzuma amakuru y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hamenyekane ko agaciro kabyo gafite akamaro kandi kari mu rugero rw’inyongera. Uburyo bworoshye burimo gusesengura ibintu bidafite akamaro no gufata impuzandengo y’ibipimo byinshi mu gihe runaka kugira ngo ugabanye urusaku.
Gutahura amakosa akomeye:Ibizamini by'imibare, nk'ikizamini cya chi-square, bishobora gukoreshwa mu kubona amakosa akomeye cyangwa amakosa ya sensor hagereranyijwe agaciro k'igikorwa cy'ingenzi n'agaciro k'ingenzi.
Guhuza amakuru:Ubu ni uburyo bugezweho bukoresha amakuru adafite ishingiro n'uburyo bwo gukora (urugero, kubungabunga ubwinshi bw'amakuru) kugira ngo hakorwe urutonde rumwe rw'amakuru rwemejwe mu mibare. Ubu buryo bwongera icyizere muri sisitemu kandi bugatanga urwego rwo kwimenya rwo kwihanganira ibintu bito bito by'ibipimo by'amakuru n'ibitaragenze neza.
Gushyira mu bikorwa urwego rwo kugenzura amakuru si ikintu cy’ingenzi; ni igice cy’ubwenge gikenewe gituma sisitemu yose yo kugenzura ikomera kandi yizewe mu gihe habayeho ibintu bidasanzwe. Uru rwego ruhindura sisitemu kuva ku gikoresho cyoroshye cyo kwikora kikayihindura igikoresho cy’ubwenge nyakuri, cyigenzura ubwacyo gishobora kugumana ireme ry’ibicuruzwa nta muntu uhora abigenzura.
5.3 Kubungabunga no Kuramba mu gihe kirekire
Intsinzi y'igihe kirekire ya sisitemu ya viscometry yo kuri interineti iterwa n'ingamba zihamye zo kubungabunga.
Gusana Ibikoresho Bipima Ubushobozi: Gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera gikomeye cya viscometer kidafite ibice bigenda n'ibikoresho birwanya ingese, nka 316L Stainless Steel, bishobora kugabanya cyane imbogamizi zo kwangiza no koroshya gahunda zo kubungabunga.
Gupima no Kwemeza Sisitemu:Gupima buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo viscometer ikore neza igihe kirekire. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha neza cyane, gupima hakoreshejwe amahame yemewe ya viscometer bigomba gukorwa ku gihe cyagenwe, ariko inshuro zishobora kugabanuka iyo hakoreshejwe ibintu bike cyane. Nk'uko bigaragazwa n'ubushakashatsi bw'igihe kirekire, ubwoko bumwe bwa viscometer, nka viscometer z'ikirahure cyangwa viscometer zihindagurika, zishobora kugumana uburyo bwo kuzipima imyaka myinshi, ibyo bikaba bigabanya cyane inshuro z'ibikorwa bihenze byo kuzipima.
Aigisubizo gishobora gutanga inyungu zifatika: kugabanya cyane itandukaniro ry’ibintu byose n’imyanda y’ibikoresho, hamwe n’inzira iganisha ku nganda zigenga kandi zifite ubwenge.Start your opigiheizatiyoniby ikosatact Lonnmeter.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-09-2025
