Imyambaro idatwikwa ishingiye ku mazi yakozwe nk'urwego rwo kurinda inyubako z'icyuma, ihuza umutekano w'ibidukikije n'ubudahangarwa bw'umuriro bwizewe. Ibiranga byabyo bizwi birimo imyuka ihumanya ikirere (VOC), kutagira halogen, hamwe n'uburyo bushyira imbere umutekano ku bakoresha n'ibidukikije. Iyi myambaro ihabwa agaciro cyane cyane mu nzego aho kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gukurikiza inzira zirambye ari ingenzi, nko mu nyubako ndende z'ubucuruzi n'imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo.
Akamaro k’ingenzi k’imyenda irinda umuriro ishingiye ku mazi ni uko idafite halogen. Mu gukuraho chlorine, bromine, n’ibindi bifitanye isano, iyi myenda igabanya ibyago byo gusohora imyuka ihumanya mu gihe cy’inkongi. Ibi bikemura ibibazo bitaziguye ku birebana no kurekura dioxin na furan mu gihe cy’inkongi, bigakurikiza amahame akomeye yo gukingira inkongi no kunoza umutekano w’aho hantu haba ku bayirimo ndetse no ku bayitabara.
Icy'ingenzi mu gutuma iyi myenda ikora neza ni ubufatanye hagati y’uburyo bwo gufunga n’ibikoresho bikomeye. Ibikoresho bito nka magnesium karubone (MgCO₃), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), na aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) bikoreshwa cyane kubera uruhare rwabyo nk'imbogamizi z'ubushyuhe. Bikora imirimo myinshi: bihagarika umwotsi, bikurura ubushyuhe binyuze mu kubora kw'inyuma y'amazi, birekura umwuka w'amazi kugira ngo ukonjeshe substrate, kandi bikongera ubuziranenge bwa firime. Urugero, magnesium hydroxide irekura umwuka w'amazi iyo ihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibi bifasha kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'umuriro.
Igikoresho kidapfa gutwikwa n'umuriro ku byuma
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Ikwirakwizwa ry’uturemangingo hamwe n’imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’ibi byuzuza bigira ingaruka zikomeye kugupima ubucucike bw'igitambaro kirwanya umuriro, imikorere, no guhuza. Gukwirakwira neza bituma igipfundikizo kigira ubushyuhe buhoraho mu gihe cy'inkongi y'umuriro. Ariko, gukurura cyane kuzuza ibyuma bishobora kwangiza uburyo ibintu bihora bihagaze, bigatuma uburyo bwo kwirinda umuriro cyangwa gukoresha uburoso bugorana. Hari uburinganire bukenewe: kuzuza ibyuma bihagije kugira ngo umuriro udashira neza, ariko ntabwo ari ukugabanya gufatana cyangwa koroha.
Hamwe n'ibice bidafite umwimerere, polimeri z'umwimerere zihuza ibice hamwe kandi zigafasha mu koroherwa na firime. Iyo hiyongereyeho ibyuma bitowe neza, irangi rivanze rituma ubushyuhe buguma neza, rigagabanya umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe kandi rigatuma idirishya ririnda umuriro rirushaho kuba ryiza. Iyo rikoreshejwe mu gihe cyo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya, guhitamo neza no kuvanga irangi n'ibifunga bigena imikorere ya nyuma. Iyi nzira ifitanye isano rikomeye n'ibyavuye mu ngaruka nko kugabanuka k'imyotsi, kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwikira (kwaguka kw'irangi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe), no kuramba neza mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Amarangi ashingiye ku mazi kandi agabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, inyungu ku bwiza bw'umwuka no ku mutekano w'abakozi. Ibi bigerwaho ahanini binyuze mu gukoresha amazi nk'umusemburo no kuzura amabuye y'agaciro menshi, bigasimbuza ibintu bifunga ibintu bihindagurika. Ibi bihuye n'ibisabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no mu gutanga icyemezo cy'uko inyubako zimeze, bigatuma aya marangi aba mu marangi meza arwanya inkongi ku nyubako ziharanira kubahiriza ibidukikije.
Muri make, guhuza ikoranabuhanga ridafite halogen kandi rishingiye ku mazi hamwe n’ibikoresho bigezweho bitanga irangi ririnda ibidukikije kandi ririnda umuriro rikozwe neza kugira ngo rikingire imiterere y’icyuma. Gukwirakwira ku buryo bumwe, ingano nziza y’ibirimo, hamwe no kuvanga neza irangi ririnda umuriro bitanga umusaruro wizewe kandi uhambaye mu kubaka imiterere y’umutekano.
Akamaro ko gupima ubucucike bw'umurambararo mu bikoresho birwanya umuriro
Ubucucike buhoraho mu kwirinda umuriro uterwa no gusukwa ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku miterere myiza yo kwirinda umuriro yagenewe inyubako z'icyuma. Ubucucike bw'imitako ikoreshwa mu mazi bugena neza imiterere yayo yo gukingira ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka ku gihe icyuma gikomeza gukora neza mu gihe cy'umuriro. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gutandukana gato mu bucucike bishobora guteza impinduka zikomeye mu mikorere y'ubushyuhe ndetse no mu mbaraga zo gukanda, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'imitako bwo gutanga uburinzi buhagije ku muriro udakoreshejwe.
Gupima ubucucike bw'inline bituma habaho ihinduka ryihuse mu gihe cyo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya. Hamwe no kugenzura mu buryo bufatika hakoreshejwe metero zipima ubucucike nk'izitangwa na Lonnmeter, abakora bagenzura cyane ubucucike bw'irangi ridashobora gushya rishingiye ku mazi. Ibi byemeza ko ubunini bukoreshwa kimwe kandi bikarinda ko habaho icyuho cyangwa ahantu hadakomeye, byombi bishobora kwangiza ubushobozi bwo kwirinda inkongi.
- Kugenzura ubucucike bw'umubiri bigira ingaruka ku bintu byinshi by'ingenzi:Ubudahangarwa bw'umuriro:Igipimo cyizewe cy’ubucucike bw’igipfundikizo kirwanya umuriro cyemerera ikoreshwa neza mu gihe cyo kuvanga igipfundikizo kidashya. Igipfundikizo kidashya gishobora kwangirika vuba mu gihe cy’inkongi y’umuriro, mu gihe igipfundikizo kidashya gishobora kwangirika cyangwa gutandukana n’icyuma, bigatuma uburinzi bugabanuka.
- Uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi nziza:Kugumana ubucucike bukwiye bifasha kunoza igipimo cyo gukwirakwira kw'ibikoresho mu buryo bwo gukoresha irangi ririnda umuriro, bigira ingaruka ku ikwirakwizwa muri rusange no ku ikiguzi cy'imishinga nko gukoresha irangi ryiza ririnda umuriro ku nyubako cyangwa irangi rihendutse ririnda umuriro ku mazu.
Kuramba kwa tekiniki:Gucunga ubucucike bw'icyuma bigenzura ko irangi ridashobora gushya ku byuma bigumana uburyo bukwiye bwo gufatana, kwiyoroshya, no kurwanya kwangirika kw'umubiri. Ubushakashatsi bukoresha isesengura rya positron rigaragaza ko ihindagurika ry'ubucucike rishobora kwangiza imiterere mito, bigatuma uturere duto duto turi mu irangi ritwikiriye. Ubushobozi bwo gufatana bw'imiterere bujyana no gukomera cyane no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika vuba. Ku irangi ritwikiriye amazi rikoresheje inyongera za nanoparticle zitatanye, gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo ni ngombwa. Gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi bishobora gutera gupfunyika, kongera ubucucike mu buryo butangana no kugabanya ubwizigirwa bwa mekanike. Kugenzura neza umurongo birinda ibibazo nk'ibyo, bishyigikira kuramba igihe kirekire n'ibisabwa bikomeye by'amahame n'ibizamini byo gupfunyika bidashobora gushya.
Kugabanya ubucucike mu cyiciro cyo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya bishobora no gutuma habaho ifuro ritameze neza no gufata umwuka, bigabanura ubushobozi bw'irangi ridashobora gushya kandi bigasaba ko rikoreshwa mu gusana ibintu bihenze. Bityo, gukurikirana buri gihe hakoreshejwe metero zipima ubucucike nk'iza Lonnmeter ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agezweho agenga umutekano w'inkongi no gukomeza inyungu z'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amazi mu gushya.
Isano ry'ingenzi riri hagati yo gupima ubucucike bw'inline n'ubwiza buhoraho kandi bushobora gusubiramo bwo kwirinda umuriro bushyigikiwe n'uburyo bwo kwerekana ibintu bito n'amakuru ajyanye n'umusaruro nyawo. Ubu buryo bwemeza ko ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bihora bikora ku rwego rwabyo, bigashyigikira umutekano n'imikorere myiza mu gukora no gukoresha irangi ridashya.
Hasi hari imbonerahamwe igaragaza isano iri hagati y’ubucucike bw’ingufu zidatwikwa n’ubushyuhe, ishimangira impamvu kugenzura ubucucike bw’ingufu ari ingenzi (amakuru yakozwe kugira ngo hagaragazwe neza):
Ubucucike (kg/m³) | Uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe (W/m·K)
-----------------|- ...
300 | 0.10
400 | 0.12
500 | 0.15
600 | 0.18
700 | 0.20
800 | 0.23
Ubwiyongere buto bw'ubucucike bushobora kongera kabiri ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, bigagabanya ubushobozi bwo gukingira. Gukurikirana umurongo bitanga ubuziranenge, bigatuma uburyo bwo gukoresha irangi ririnda umuriro ritekanye kandi rigahoraho mu mishinga itandukanye.
Imbogamizi n'ibisubizo mu cyiciro cyo kuvanga umusaruro
Mu cyiciro cyo kuvanga irangi rikoresha amazi ririnda umuriro ku byuma, kugera ku bucucike bungana ni ngombwa. Ubucucike bungana butuma hatabaho gusa uruzitiro rwizewe rudashya, ahubwo bunatuma habaho irangi ririnda umuriro ndetse n'uburyo bwiza bwo kurikoresha mu kwirinda umuriro no mu bundi buryo.
Iyi gahunda itangirira ku guhuza ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byuzuza ibintu bikomeye, ibikoresho bifasha mu gutera, ibikoresho bifunga, n'ibikoresho bihindura imikorere y'amaraso mu gice cy'amazi. Ikibazo kimwe gikomeje kubaho ni uguteranya uduce duto, aho ibikoresho nk'iby'imyunyu ngugu nka ammonium polyphosphate na grafiti yagutse bihurira hamwe nta gukata cyangwa gutatanya bihagije. Uku guteranya ibintu bitera ubucucike bw'aho bivangwa, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bucucike bw'imyunyungugu ikoreshwa mu kurwanya umuriro. Iyo habayeho ihindagurika ry'ubucucike, kwaguka mu gihe cy'umuriro biba bitazwi, bigatuma habaho intege nke zishobora kwangiza uburinzi—iri sano riri hagati y'ubucucike n'ubushobozi bw'inkongi z'umuriro bishyigikiwe cyane n'ubushakashatsi bwa laboratwari n'ubw'aho bikorera.
Ikindi kibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ukwishyira hasi kw'uduce tw'ingenzi mu gihe cyo kuvanga cyangwa nyuma yo kuvanga, cyane cyane iyo ingufu zikoreshwa zidahagije cyangwa kugenzura ubushyuhe bidahagije. Gushyira hasi bituma ibikoresho byuzuza n'inyongera zirinda umuriro bitandukana, bigatera ingaruka mbi ku ntera. Iyo ibi bikoresho bishyizwemo, imiterere y'ibice by'umucanga n'ubugari bw'ibice by'umucanga bigabanuka, bigatuma habaho imiterere idahwitse yo kwirinda umuriro. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwonyine ntibutanga icyizere cyo kugumana ubusugire; imiterere idahwitse yo kongeramo no kutagira uburinganire ku rwego rwo hasi bishobora gutuma habaho kutumvikana guhishe k'ubucucike. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko nubwo 5% by'impinduka mu mibare y'ubucucike bw'ibice bishobora kugaragaza ibyago bikomeye ku mikorere y'ibice by'umucanga mu nyubako.
Gukumira ibibazo nk'ibi bitangirana no kongeramo ifu mu cyiciro cy'amazi, mu gihe cyo gukurura ibintu mu buryo bufatika. Imashini zivanga n'izikwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo buhanitse zikora icyuma kimwe, zigasenya agglomerate z'ibanze kandi zigafasha mu gukwirakwiza neza ibintu. Ariko, niba imbaraga zo gukurura ari nke cyane cyangwa igihe cyo kuvanga kidahagije, umwuka ushobora guhumekwa, bigabanura ubucucike bwapimwe kandi bikangiza ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umuriro bw'igipfundikizo. Ku rundi ruhande, gukurura ibintu mu buryo bukabije bishobora kwangiza bimwe mu bicuruzwa, bigaragaza ko hakenewe kugenzura neza.
Guhuza kw'ibice byinshi bikunze kugaragara nk'ikibazo gikunze kugaragara, cyane cyane mu buryo bwo kuvanga ahantu cyangwa mu buryo bwo kuvanga, aho ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'ikirere n'amabwiriza yo kuvanga bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kongera kubyara. Hatabayeho igenzura rihoraho, imikorere ishobora gutandukana n'ibishoboka mu nganda zigenzurwa. Aha, ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'insinga nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter biba ngombwa cyane. Bipima uruvange mu gihe nyacyo, bigasanga ubucucike buto bugaragaza ko buhagaze, bugaterana, cyangwa butameze neza. Iyo bihujwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora, umuvuduko wo kuvanga n'ingano y'ibikoresho bihinduka, bigafunga umurongo wo gusubiza kandi bikareba ko buri gice gihuye n'urwego rw'ubucucike bw'intego kugira ngo habeho irangi ririnda umuriro.
Kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza, imirongo myinshi y'umusaruro ihuza ubucucike bw'inline na viscosity metres. Ubu buryo bwo gufatanya ni ingenzi cyane, kubera ko irangi ridashobora gushya rigomba kuba ryujuje ibisabwa byose by'ubucucike n'iby'imitsi kugira ngo rishobore gusukwa neza, gutwikira, no kurinda inkongi. Ubuhanga mu nganda—bujyanye n'ubuyobozi bw'ibigo nka UL—bushyigikira igenzura ry'ubuziranenge nyuma yo kuvanga. Nyamara sisitemu nziza cyane zihuza sensors mu cyuma givanga cyangwa umurongo wo gusubiramo amazi, zigatanga ubufasha mu gihe nyacyo no kugabanya imyanda iterwa n'ibikoresho bitari ngombwa.
Muri make, icyiciro cyo kuvanga irangi rikoreshwa mu mazi ritanga imbogamizi zikomeye: gukumira gutuza no gufungana, kugera ku gukwirakwira ku buryo buhoraho, no kwemeza ko irangi rishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ibisubizo bishingiye ku kuvanga neza kwa mashini, gushyira hamwe neza ibintu, kandi ikirenze byose, gukurikirana buri gihe hakoreshejwe metero zipima ubucucike ziturutse ku nganda nka Lonnmeter. Ibi bituma gupima ubucucike bw'irangi ridashobora gushya biguma mu rugero rukwiye kugira ngo umutekano w'inyubako wemerwe n'amategeko.
Uburyo n'ikoranabuhanga byo gupima ubucucike bw'umubare
Gupima ubucucike ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge n'ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda irinda umuriro ikoresheje amazi mu gihe cyo kuyikora. Gukora imashini irinda umuriro ikoresheje ibyuma bigezweho bishingiye ku igenzura ryimbitse kugira ngo harebwe ko ijyanye n'amahame agenga imashini irinda umuriro n'ibisabwa mu isuzuma, ndetse no kunoza uburyo bwo kuvanga imashini irinda umuriro.
Amahame y'umubiri n'ibikoresho byo gupima
- Amahame abiri y'ingenzi ashingiye ku gupima ubucucike bw'imbere mu buryo bugezweho bwo kwirinda umuriro no gusiga irangi rikoresheje amazi:Igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa Ultrasonicikoresha uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amajwi y’urusaku rwinshi binyuze mu gipfundikizo. Ibikoresho bipima umuvuduko w’ijwi n’ingufu z’ijwi—byombi bigira ingaruka ku bucucike n’imiterere yaryo. Impinduka mu ibara ry’uruhu, resini, n’ibipimo bya solvent bihindura imiterere y’ijwi. Hakoreshwa uburyo bunoze nka (c = \sqrt{K/\rho}) (aho c ari umuvuduko w’ijwi, K ni modulus y’ubwinshi, na ρ ni ubucucike). Ubu buryo butuma umuntu yumva vuba impinduka mu mikorere, nko gushonga kw’amazi, gutuza kw’ibintu bikomeye, cyangwa kugaragara kw’ifuro cyangwa utubumbe, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’ubwishingizi no gufatana ku byuma.
Ikoranabuhanga rya U-Tube rihindura imiterereikoresha umuyoboro umeze nk'u-U urimo irangi rirwanya umuriro. Ingano y'ihindagurika ry'umuyoboro ihinduka ukurikije uburemere n'ubucucike bw'irangi; ihame rigaragazwa nka (f \propto 1/\sqrt{m_{tube} + m_{fluid}}). Iri koranabuhanga rirakomeye kandi rishobora gusubirwamo cyane, riguma rigenzurwa mu gihe kirekire cyo kuvanga kandi rihangana n'ubucucike buhindagurika buri mu irangi rirwanya umuriro rikora neza. Isesengura ry'amashusho rigaragaza isano iri hagati yo kugabanuka kw'ubucucike n'ubwiyongere bw'ubucucike mu gihe cyo kongeramo irangi cyangwa ibintu bikomeye. Ikoranabuhanga ryombi risaba ko habaho uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe bukwiye, kuko ubucucike bw'irangi bushobora kwitabwaho no guhinduka guto k'ubushyuhe, bishobora gutuma habaho uduce duto cyangwa imikorere mibi y'umuriro.
Gupima Ingero z'intoki ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gukoresha umurongo mu gihe nyacyo
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubucucike mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ritangiza umuriro bushingiye ku gufata ingero n'intoki, nko gukusanya irangi rimwe na rimwe mu murongo no gusesengura laboratwari. Ubu buryo buratwara igihe, bushobora kuba bufite amakosa mu gukora, kandi ntibushobora gutanga ibitekerezo byihuse. Gutinda hagati yo gukusanya ingero no gusobanura ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishobora gutuma ibikoresho bitujuje ibisabwa bikomeza bitagenzurwa, bigatera ibyago byo gutera irangi ritangiza umuriro mu ngo no mu nyubako.
Ku rundi ruhande, tekiniki zo gushyira mu murongo mu buryo bwihuse—zikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound na U-tube metres—zihora zigenzura ubucucike mu mikorere. Ibisubizo byihuse bifasha kugenzura neza buri gice mu gihe cyo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya. Kugenzura mu murongo:
- Bigabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka binyuze mu kugabanya guhagarara kenshi.
- Imenya vuba aho ibintu bihinduka, yirinda kuvugurura ibintu bihenze cyangwa gusesagura.
- Ituma habaho guhindura amazi, ibara ry'uruhu, cyangwa ibipimo by'inyongera mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo igumane imiterere yihariye yo kwirinda inkongi.
Gupima ubucucike bw'inyubako hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo inyubako zigire isura imwe mu nyubako zirinda umuriro, ndetse no kuzuza ibisabwa mu kugenzura ubuziranenge nta guhagarika umusaruro.
Ibiranga n'Ibyiza bya Sisitemu zo Gupima Ubucucike bwa Interineti zigezweho
Ibipimo bigezweho by’ubucucike bw’imirongo—nk’ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter—bitanga iterambere ry’ingenzi mu gutuma irangi ritagwa n’umuriro rikoreshwa mu mazi rigira akamaro karyo:
- Ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvisha ibintu no kubikora neza cyane: Ibikoresho bihora bibona impinduka z’ubucucike ntoya nka 0.001 g/cm³, ingenzi kugira ngo bihuzwe n’amategeko kandi bishobore kongera gukoreshwa mu kurinda umuriro. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo ukurikirana imiterere ishingiye ku mazi, ishobora guhindura ubucucike mu buryo butunguranye bitewe no guhumeka cyangwa kuvanga ibintu.
- Kubaka Kuramba: Utwuma tw’ibyuma twakozwe kugira ngo dushobore guhangana n’ibinyabutabire byangiza cyangwa birimo uduce duto mu gihe kirekire, bigatuma imikorere ikomeza mu buryo bugoye bwo kwirinda inkongi z’icyuma.
- Guhuza no gusuzuma ikoranabuhanga: Ibiranga nko gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe n'ibipimo byo gusuzuma bifasha abakoresha gukurikirana ubuzima bw'ibipimo, gukemura ibibazo byihuse, no gukomeza gukoresha uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ridashya.
- Igenzura ry'imikorere rihoraho: Guhuza na sisitemu za PLC cyangwa SCADA bituma amakuru y’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa abikwa kandi agakurikiranwa. Imenyesha ry’uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwikora rishyigikira ibikorwa byihutirwa byo gukosora kugira ngo umutekano w’ibicuruzwa ukomeze kuba mwiza ndetse no mu nganda.
Urugero, sensor za ultrasonic zishyirwa ku byuma bivanga umuvuduko mwinshi zituma resin ikwirakwira neza, bikarinda ko intera cyangwa guhagarara bishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bw’umuriro. Ibipimo bya U-tube bihindura amazi bituma ababikora bahindura ingano y’amazi, bigatuma buri gice gikomeza kuba gifite ubucucike bukwiye kugira ngo gikurikize neza ibyuma.
Gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima ubucucike bw’imbere mu buryo bugezweho bihindura imyitwarire yo kugenzura ubuziranenge—kuva ku buryo bwo gukora ibikorwa byo kwirinda ubucucike bw’ubucucike burwanya ubushyuhe bukabije kugeza ku gukumira ubucucike bw’ubucucike burwanya ubushyuhe bukabije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora ibintu bagabanya imyanda, bashyiraho umutekano, kandi bagahaza ibisabwa bikomeye byo gusiga ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bukabije, haba ku nyubako z’ibyuma zo mu nganda ndetse no ku nganda zikoresha imiti irinda ubushyuhe.
Ingaruka zo guhindura ubucucike ku ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo kwirinda umuriro bishyirwa ku gipfundikizo
Ubucucike bw'igitambaro kidatwikwa n'amazi bugira uruhare mu buryo butaziguye mu gusukira, gufatana, no kurangiza ubuso mu buryo bwo gukoresha igitambaro kidatwikwa n'umuriro ku byuma. Amakuru y’inganda agaragaza ko ubucucike, iyo budakurikiranwe neza, butuma habaho ubwiza butari bwo, gufatana ku buryo butunguranye, ndetse n'ingaruka zidashobora gutwikwa n'umuriro.
Ingaruka z'ubucucike ku buryo bwo gusukira, gufata neza, no kurangiza neza ubuso
Ubucucike bw'igitambaro kidashyuha bugira ingaruka ku buryo gishyirwa mu buryo busanzwe binyuze mu bikoresho bitera imiti. Ubucucike bwa 1.2–1.4 g/cm³ butuma habaho uburyo buhoraho bwo gutera imiti, bigafasha mu gukumira kuziba kw'ibikoresho no gutanga firime imwe. Ubucucike buri hejuru y'ubu bwoko akenshi busaba imbaraga nyinshi za pompe cyangwa imiyoboro minini y'amazi. Ibi bishobora kongera uburyo bwo gutera imiti irenze urugero, bigatera imiterere idahuye yo gutera imiti, kandi bigatera kugwa cyangwa gukora, cyane cyane ku buso bw'icyuma buhagaze. Urugero, imiti itera imiti idafite umwuka igaragaza ko ikunda kugira ingaruka ku "madirishya" iyo itera imiti ivanze n'ibivange byinshi, bigatuma impande ziremereye n'imirongo mito igorana guhuza firime ikenewe.
Imiti ipfundikira umuriro mu buryo budakomeye, nubwo ikora neza, ishobora kunanirwa gutanga ubugari bwa firime yumye mu gihe kimwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburyo bwo gutwikira impande no kuziba impande zose z’imirongo ya I cyangwa ibisobanuro by’uburyo bwo kuyihuza bishobora kuba bihindagurika. Gukomeza kwa firime, ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umuriro utabashe gushya cyane, bifitanye isano itaziguye no kugenzura ubucucike mu gihe cyo kuvanga umusaruro no gukurikirana ibikorwa bikomeje.
Ingufu zo gufata ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gishingiye ku bucucike bw'igipfundikizo. Igipfundikizo gikomeye kidapfa gutwikwa n'umuriro ku byuma binini gikunda kongera ingano y'ibintu bikomeye. Ibi bishobora gufasha ikoranabuhanga rihuza ibyuma, ariko iyo bicucike cyane, ibintu bikomeye birushaho kwiyongera bibuza amazi kwinjira no kwinjira mu byuma, bigagabanya imbaraga zo gufata cyane cyane ku byuma byateguwe cyangwa byoroshye. Ingano nto, nubwo zigaragaza ko amazi meza, akenshi zigaragaza ko amazi asohoka mu kirere, ndetse n'ingufu zishobora gucika cyangwa gucika mu gihe amazi asohoka vuba cyane mu gihe cy'izuba.
Ingano zapimwe zavuye mu bizamini byo gufatana (ASTM D4541) zigaragaza imbaraga ntarengwa zo gufatana (akenshi >2.5 MPa) mu gice cy’ubucucike bwiza, mu gihe imvange zombi z’ubucucike buri munsi n’ubucucike bukabije zikunze kugabanuka munsi ya 2.0 MPa bitewe n’uko zifatanye cyangwa zidafite ubushobozi bwo kunyobwa.
Ubwiza bw'ubuso bugaragaza kandi ko bushingiye cyane ku bucucike. Ubwiza bukabije bw'ubuso bushobora kwangiza imiterere y'ibishishwa by'umuhondo cyangwa ibyuma byumye kandi bitose. Ubwiza buto cyane butuma ubuso butagira ingano ariko butaringaniye, bufite imyobo, cyangwa buto, cyane cyane iyo bushyizwe ku byuma bigoye.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma ku buryo bihoraho
Kugumana ubucucike buhamye mu gihe cyo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya ni ngombwa. Gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu murongo, hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, biha ababikora ibitekerezo bihoraho n'amatangazo yihuse ku mpinduka zitari ziteganijwe. Ibi bigabanya ibyago byo gutemba kw'ubucucike bitewe n'uko imiterere y'amazi idahwitse cyangwa gutakaza amazi bitewe n'ibyuka - ibibazo bireba cyane cyane ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubushuhe buke.
Igenzura ryimbitse ry’umurongo rituma buri gice gitangwa mu munwa w’isukari gihura n’ibipimo by’ubucucike bukenewe kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo gupima no gutwikira neza. Gupima gusa ni uburinzi butizewe; amakuru y’aho ibintu biherereye yemeza kogupima umurongo mu gihe nyacyokumenya vuba ibitagenda neza mbere yuko bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ikoreshwa cyangwa binyuranyije n'amahame agenga irangi ridashobora gutwikwa n'umuriro ndetse n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima.
Guhindura ingano y'ibikoresho byo gufata, ibyuzuza, n'ibice bifasha kunoza ubucucike, bityo bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gusukira no kubaka firime. Ku nkingi z'icyuma n'imitako, ihame risanzwe risaba ko ubucucike bugumana hagati ya g 1.3–1.4/cm³, bikagira ingaruka nziza haba mu isuzuma ry'ubutaka no muri laboratwari.
Isano iri hagati y'ubucucike bwapimwe n'ingaruka ziteganijwe zo kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro
Ubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwerekana isano iri hagati y’ubucucike bw’igitambaro gipima neza kirwanya inkongi n’ubucucike bw’ibikoresho byapimwe. Gupfuka ibintu bimwe kandi binini bihagije, byashobotse kubera kugumana ubucucike bw’intego, bigeraho igihe cyagenwe cyo gutsindwa mu bizamini bisanzwe by’inkongi (nka ASTM E119 na EN 13381). Gupfuka ibintu bike bishobora gutuma imikorere yabyo idakwirakwira, bigatuma bitabasha gukingira ibyuma bihagije mu gihe cy’igihe kirekire.
Ku rundi ruhande, irangi ry’ubucucike bukabije rishobora kurenga uburemere busabwa ariko akenshi rikagira imiyoboro yumye cyangwa intege nke zo gufata, bigahungabanya uburyo bwo kwirinda umuriro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Gukoresha ibipimo by’ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo mu irangi ry’ubucucike mu mazu no mu nganda bifitanye isano no kubahiriza amahame agenga irangi ry’ubucucike n’amabwiriza yo gupima kandi bifatwa nk'ingenzi mu gutanga irangi ry’ubucucike rirwanya umuriro ku nyubako.
Mu kugenzura ubucucike bw'igitambaro kidashya mu gihe cy'umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ryacyo, abahanga bareba ko inyungu zo gusiga gikoresheje amazi zituma imikorere myiza ikorwa mu buryo bwizewe, bikongera igihe cyo gukora no kurinda ubuziranenge bw'icyuma mu gihe cy'inkongi.
Ubuyobozi Bufatika bwo Gushyira mu Bikorwa Igipimo cy'Ubucucike
Gupima neza ubucucike bw'imirongo ni ingenzi mu kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya, cyane cyane ku irangi ridashobora gushya rikoreshwa ku byuma bikozwe mu mazi. Amabwiriza akurikira ashingiye ku gushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bufatika mu cyiciro cyo kuvanga irangi.
Gushyiraho Igenzura ry’Imirimo mu Gihe cyo Kuvanga Umusaruro
Shyiramo ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’imirongo—nk’ibipimo by’imiyoboro ihindagurika, ibipimo by’ubucucike bwa ultrasonic, cyangwa ibikoresho bishingiye kuri Coriolis—mu murongo wo gusubiramo amazi cyangwa mu muyoboro w’amazi, hepfo y’ikigega cyo kuvanga. Shyira sisitemu yo gupima nyuma yo gukoresha emulsification nyinshi ariko mbere yo kongeramo kuzuza kugira ngo ufate agaciro k’ubucucike bw’imirongo uko ibice bivangwa. Iki gipimo kigomba kuba gihuye n’ibivanze by’amazi, alkaline, n’ibinini bikomeye bikingira umuriro. Menya neza ko ibikoresho by’ubucucike byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo birwane n’amazi kandi birwane n’ibiturika kugira ngo bihuze n’amahame y’inganda.
Huza icyuma gipima ubucucike ku buryo bwo kugenzura uruganda, bityo bigufasha guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwikora:
- Iyo ingano y'ibipimo by'ubucucike irenze intego, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibipimo byongera kongeramo ibikoresho byumye.
- Iyo ubucucike burenze ibisabwa, amazi arongerwamo, bigatuma habaho ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwikira burwanya umuriro.
Reba amadirishya agena imiterere y’ibikoresho (akunze kuba ± 0.01–0.02 g/cm³) kugira ngo umenye neza ubuziranenge. Genzura ubucucike buri gihe kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago nko kutagaragara neza kw’inyuma no guhindagurika kw’ikoreshwa rya firime, bigira ingaruka ku kurinda inkongi no kubahiriza amahame agenga irangi ridashobora gutwikwa n’ibisabwa mu isuzuma.
Urugero:Mu gihe cyo kuvanga emulsions za acrylic na intumescent fillers kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kwirinda umuriro, gupima ubucucike buri hagati y’imirongo bibuza gusenyuka kw’amazi kandi bigatuma habaho guhuza. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’amabara meza arwanya umuriro ku nyubako ndetse no gukoresha uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ririnda umuriro.
Gupima, Kwemeza, no Kubungabunga Ibikoresho byo Gupima
Teganya gahunda ihoraho yo gupima ubucucike bw'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ibipimo ukoresheje amazi asanzwe yo gupima ajyanye n'ubucucike bw'ibipimo byifashishwa mu gusiga umuriro. Ishingikirize ku mikorere yo gupima ikoreshwa mbere yo gutangira gukora icyiciro na nyuma yo kugitunganya. Emeza neza uburyo sensor ikora ukoresheje uburyo bwo gupima ingero z'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw ...
Kubungabunga bigomba kuba bikubiyemo:
- Uburyo bwo gusukura buri gihe bujyanye n'imiti ikoreshwa mu mazi (CIP compatiblity).
- Igenzura ry’aho ibintu byikubira cyangwa firime biherereye ku buso bw’ibipima, bishobora guhindura imiterere y’ibipimo.
- Kugenzura ibifunga by'ibikoresho n'aho bifungirwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ingese cyangwa amazi yavuye.
Mu by’ukuri, amakuru yerekeye igenzura n’igenzura ashyirwa mu nyandiko zisabwa kugira ngo amategeko ashyirwe mu bikorwa, bityo habeho ko irangi ririnda umuriro rihura n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda.
Gukemura ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu kugenzura ubucucike bw'amazi, cyane cyane mu bikoresho bikingira umuriro bikozwe mu mazi.
Gukemura ibibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'ibipimo by'ubucucike mu buryo bwo gusiga irangi rikoresha amazi ridashobora gushya:
Gufata ikirere:Kuvanga cyane bishobora gushyiramo utubumbe tw'umwuka, bigagabanya ubucucike bupimwe mu buryo butari bwo. Ingamba zo guhangana nazo zirimo guhindura umuvuduko mwiza wo kuvanga no gukoresha utubumbe imbere y'icyuma gipima.
Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe:Impinduka mu bushyuhe bw'uruvange zishobora guhindura ibipimo by'ubucucike. Koresha uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bwashyizwe mu buryo bwo gupima no kwandika ubushyuhe bw'ingero buri gihe hamwe n'amakuru y'ubucucike.
Gutera ubushyuhe cyangwa ubusumbane:Uduce tw’ibice byuzuye dushobora gutuza, bigatuma ubucucike budahinduka. Gumana igipimo gihagije cyo gusubiramo no kuvanga, hanyuma ushyire igipimo cy’ubucucike aho uruvange rwaba rumeze neza.
Guhumanya imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu bwonko:Ibintu bifasha mu gusukura no gufata ibikoresho bishobora gutera impanuka ku byuma bipima ibintu, bigatuma habaho gupima nabi. Shyiraho gahunda yo gusukura ahantu hasanzwe nk'igice cyo kubungabunga.
Mu buryo bwo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya, gukemura ibi bibazo bikunze kubaho byemeza ko kugenzura ubucucike bw'imirongo bishyigikira mu buryo butaziguye imikorere, ireme ry'ikoreshwa, ndetse no kubahiriza amategeko agenga irangi ridashobora gushya ku byuma ndetse no gutera imiti idashya ku mazu.
Uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura ubucucike bw'inyubako, bushyizweho neza, bugashyirwa mu byiciro, kandi bugafatwa neza, bushyigikira neza inyungu zo gusiga zishingiye ku mazi zisabwa mu bipimo ngenderwaho byo kurinda inyubako bigezweho.
Ibyiza byo Kugenzura Ubucucike Bwuzuye mu Bidukikije n'Umutekano
Gugenzura neza ubucucike bw'igitambaro kidakongerwa n'amazi bitanga inyungu zifatika ku bidukikije no ku mutekano mu gukora no gukoresha igitambaro kidakongerwa n'umuriro ku byuma.
Gucunga neza ubucucike bigabanya cyane imyanda y'ibikoresho mu gihe cyose cyo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya. Ubucucike bungana butuma habaho filime ihoraho mu gihe cyo kuvanga irangi rikoresha imashini, bikarinda ko ikoreshwa cyane kandi bikagabanya irangi rirenze urugero. Urugero, inyigo ya tekiniki yo mu 2024 yasanze gukurikirana ubucucike buhoraho byatumye imyanda yose igabanukaho 12% mu gihe cy'imishinga minini yo kuvanga ikoresheje amazi. Mu byiciro byo kuvanga bigenzurwa, gukomeza kwihanganira ubucucike buciriritse byagabanyije 10-15%, bigabanya ibikoresho byajugunywe kandi bikanga ibicuruzwa bike bitewe no gushwanyagurika cyangwa gutandukana kw'ibice.
Gukoresha ibikoresho neza ntibyongera ubukungu gusa, ahubwo binatuma ibikoresho bikingira umuriro, ibifunga n'ibinyuza bikomeza gukwirakwira buri gihe. Uku guhagarara neza birinda gukenera gukosora cyangwa kongera ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bigabanya imyanda, ibyo bikaba byatera imyanda kandi bikongera ikiguzi cy'umushinga. Ibipimo by'ubucucike nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter bitanga uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse, bigakemura ibibazo byo gukora mbere y'uko bitera igihombo kinini mu musaruro. Raporo z'inganda zemeza ko ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya imyanda ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu kugeza kuri 8%, bigaragaza inyungu zifatika ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukusanya ibikoresho.
Umutekano w'abakozi urushaho kuba mwiza iyo ubucucike bw'igipfundikizo kidatwikwa bugenzuwe neza. Gukomera kw'imvange bigabanya uduce twangiza, imyuka ihumanya, no gukwirakwira kw'imvange mu gihe cyo gutera imiti idatwikwa. Ubucucike bukwiye kandi bugabanya ibyago byo guhumeka mu kirere n'ibitonyanga, bigatuma bubahiriza neza amabwiriza agenga igipfundikizo kidatwikwa kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kunyerera cyangwa guhumeka mu bice bifunze. Abakozi bavuga ko ibikoresho bike biziba kandi bigasaba ko bibungabungwa, bigafasha mu kubungabunga ahantu hatekanye kandi hashobora gushyirwa ibintu mu buryo buzwi. Imiterere y'ibikoresho yakozwe neza kugira ngo imvange nziza y'imvange itekanye—byose bikomoka ku kugenzura ubucucike bugenzuwe—byoroshya gushyiramo imvange nziza idatwikwa ku nyubako no mu ngo hatabayeho kurenga imipaka itekanye yo gutera imiti.
Ibyiza byo gusiga amazi mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije birushaho kwiyongera iyo kugenzura ubucucike bw’amazi byinjijwe mu cyiciro cyo kuvanga irangi ridashobora gushya. Ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mazi riri hasi mu bintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs) ugereranije n’ibindi bikomoka ku gushonga, ariko gucunga neza ubucucike gusa ni byo byemeza ko intego zo kurengera ibidukikije zo kugabanya imyanda n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere zigenzurwa buri gihe. Igipimo cyo kwangwa gito no gukwirakwira neza kuri litiro bigira ingaruka ku kugabanuka kwa karuboni n’amazi mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa. Ibi bihuye n’amabwiriza akaze agenga ibidukikije yashyizweho nyuma ya 2023, ashimangira uburyo bwo kurengera ubucucike bw’irangi ridashobora gushya ku byuma bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo irangi rirwanya umuriro neza
Mu gukora irangi ririnda umuriro rikozwe mu byuma rikoresha amazi, hari ibipimo byinshi by’ingenzi mu guhitamo imikorere n’uburyo ibintu bikorwamo. Ku isonga hari ibipimo by’ingenzi nko kwirinda umuriro, kwangirika no kuramba kw’inkongi, kudahungabana igihe kirekire mu bihe bitandukanye by’ibidukikije, no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije—byose bigomba guhuza n’ibipimo by’ibizamini bikomeye nka ASTM E119 na ISO 834.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere
Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi buracyari igipimo cy'ibanze, gipimirwa n'ubushobozi bw'igitambaro cyo gutinza izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'igabanuka ry'inyubako hakurikijwe imiyoboro isanzwe yo gukwirakwira kw'inkongi. Igitambaro cyiza cyo gukingira inkwi ku nyubako cyakozwe kugira ngo kibeho igipimo cyo kuzamuka iyo kihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatinda ko ubushyuhe bwiyongera kandi kikarinda ibyuma mu gihe kirekire, nk'uko byemejwe mu bipimo bigenzurwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ASTM E119 na ISO 834.
Gucika intege no kuramba kw'inkurikizi ni ingenzi cyane kuri sisitemu zo kwirinda umuriro zishyirwa ku nyubako, zigomba kwihanganira kwangirika kwa mashini haba mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha no mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha. Imyambaro iramba cyane akenshi iba irimo imiyoboro ya polymer cyangwa ibyuma bifasha mu kongera ubukana bw'inkongi ariko ntibigabanya ubukana bw'inkongi.
Gutuza igihe kirekire, cyane cyane mu bihe by'ubushuhe cyangwa ubushuhe, ni ingenzi cyane. Imyambaro idatwikwa n'amazi ikunze kubura ubushobozi nyuma yo guhura n'ubushuhe, igacika cyangwa igakuramo ibintu by'ingenzi bigabanya ubushyuhe. Iterambere riheruka ririmo guhuza monomer ziterwa n'amazi (nka UDMA) no kongera ubucucike bw'amazi—rimwe na rimwe binyuze mu gukingira UV—kugira ngo bigabanye ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi. Izi mpinduka zifasha imashini kugumana ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe no gutsinda ibizamini bikomeye byo gusaza hamwe n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, biganisha neza ku nyubako nyazo.
Ingaruka nke ku bidukikije zituma habaho impinduka mu miterere y’amazi, bitewe n’amabwiriza agenga imvange y’ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs). Ingufu zirinda umuriro zishingiye ku mazi zigira akamaro ku hantu hakorerwa imishinga, ku buzima rusange, no mu busugire rusange mu gutanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere igabanya ubukana mu gihe cyo kuvanga no gukoresha.
Ibikoresho n'Ibikoresho byo Kwitaho mu Gukurikirana Imikorere mu Murongo
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi ririnda umuriro rishingiye ku mazi bipima uburinzi bw'umuriro, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibidukikije, no gutunganya neza. Ibice nka grafiti ishobora kwaguka, fosifore irimo umuriro, na resino zifatanye na polysiloxane bigomba gukwirakwizwa neza kandi bigapimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwiza bw'umusaruro. Icyiciro cyo kuvanga irangi ririnda umuriro kiba gifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya uburyo ibintu bihinduka, cyane cyane ko impinduka mu bucucike no mu bucucike bishobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere ya nyuma yo kwirinda umuriro.
Gupima no kugenzura ubucucike bw'igipfundikizo kidashya ni ingenzi kugira ngo imikorere ibe myiza. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'igipfundikizo, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bitanga igenzura ryihuse ry'ubucucike bw'igipfundikizo mu gihe cyose cyo kuvanga no gukoresha. Ibi bikoresho bikora buri gihe, bitanga amakuru ako kanya kugira ngo hakorwe impinduka kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho bumwe no kubahiriza amabwiriza. Urugero, mu gupima ubucucike bw'igipfundikizo kidashya, ndetse no kunyuranya guto bigaragaza ko hari ukudahuza mu gukurura umuriro cyangwa gukwirakwira kw'ibipfundikizo.
Guhitamo ibikoresho kandi bifasha mu gucunga neza imiti ikoreshwa mu mazi mu bimera biteje akaga. Ibipimo bigezweho byo mu bwoko bwa viscosity inline na density, cyane cyane ibyagenewe gukoreshwa mu kwirinda guturika, bigenzura ubuziranenge mu gihe cyo gukoresha irangi ririnda umuriro. Guhuza ibikoresho bigabanya uburyo bwangwa kandi bikongera kubahiriza amahame agenga irangi ririnda umuriro n'amabwiriza yo gupima.
Gukurikirana neza ibikorwa muri izi ntambwe ntibishyigikira gusa umusaruro uhoraho w’ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binatuma habaho inyandiko z’amakuru zihamye zishyigikira amategeko n’ubwishingizi mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima bw’imashini.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni izihe nyungu nyamukuru zo gukoresha irangi ririnda umuriro rishingiye ku mazi ku byuma?
Imyambaro idatwikwa n'amazi irinda icyuma ikoresheje uruzitiro rutuma cyaguka kandi kigakomeza gukingira iyo gihuye n'ubushyuhe. Iyi myambaro itanga uburinzi bukomeye ku muriro, akenshi ikubahiriza cyangwa ikarenga amahame y'inganda kugeza ku minota 120 ku cyuma cy'ubwubatsi, nk'uko ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa mu bushakashatsi bw'ibikoresho n'ibinyamakuru by'umutekano w'inkongi bwerekana. Gukoresha amazi nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gitwara, iyi myambaro igabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije igabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere (VOC) - akenshi iri munsi ya 50 g / L, iri munsi cyane ya 250 g / L isanzwe ya sisitemu zishingiye ku binyabutabire. Uku kugabanuka kunoza ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu kandi bigashyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amabwiriza ya EPA ya Amerika na REACH y'Uburayi. Imiti mike y'uburozi n'ahantu ho gukorera hizewe bituma ikoreshwa neza haba imbere no hanze, bigira uruhare mu gutanga ibyemezo by'ubwubatsi bw'icyatsi kibisi nka LEED. Inyigo mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi zigaragaza ko iyi myambaro igabanya ingaruka ku bakozi ku miti ihumanya ikirere na VOC, mu gihe ikomeza gukora neza mu kurinda inkongi.
Ni gute gupima ubucucike bw'imirongo byongera uburyo bwo gutera imiti mu gihe cyo kwirinda umuriro?
Gupima ubucucike bw'imirongo bitanga igenzura ryihuse ry'uburyo uruvange rw'imyenda rumeze. Gukurikirana buri gihe bituma irangi ridashobora gushya rigumana ubucucike bumwe mu gihe ritangwa kandi rigashyirwa ku byuma. Ubucucike bw'imirongo buhamye bufasha gupfundikira neza irangi, gufata neza, no gufata neza iyo umuriro ugeze. Ibi bigabanya ahantu hadakomeye kandi bigatuma irangi rikoreshwa rihura n'ibipimo byo kwirinda umuriro. Abakora ibikoresho bakoresha metero zipima ubucucike bw'imirongo, nk'izakozwe na Lonnmeter, bashobora gukora impinduka ako kanya mu gihe cyo kuvanga no gutera irangi kugira ngo birinde kongera gukoresha irangi rihenze cyangwa kwirinda umuriro.
Ni izihe mbogamizi zishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kuvanga irangi rikoresha amazi ritangiza umuriro?
Kuvanga umusaruro w’ibikoresho bikingira umuriro bishingiye ku mazi bitera imbogamizi nyinshi. Kuvanga neza bishobora gutuma ubucucike bw’ibikoresho by’ingenzi buhindagurika kandi bigakwirakwira mu buryo butari bumwe. Uku kutumvikana gushobora kugaragara nk’ubucucike buhindagurika, bigatera imirongo cyangwa icyuho mu gihe cyo gutera imiti. Uduce dufite icyuma gito cyane gishobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuriro; uduce twinshi cyane dushobora kwangiza uburyo bwo gufatana, gutera imyenge, cyangwa kugabanya igihe kirekire. Hatabayeho kugenzura no kugenzura neza, inenge nk’izo zibangamira iyubahirizwa ry’amahame agenga icyuma kirinda umuriro kandi zikabangamira umutekano w’inyubako.
Kuki gupima ubucucike bw'imyambaro irinda umuriro ari ingenzi mu kugenzura ubuziranenge?
Gupima ubucucike bw'igipfundikizo kirwanya inkongi ni inkingi ikomeye mu kugenzura ubuziranenge mu nganda. Gupima ubucucike neza bifasha kubungabunga imiterere yagenewe gukora ibintu bitanga uburinzi ku nkongi. Iyo ubucucike burenze ibisabwa, igipfundikizo gishobora kuba kinini cyane, bigatera kwangirika cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bitari ngombwa; hasi cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya inkongi bushobora kugabanuka. Gupima umurongo bituma ibikoresho bihora bihindagurika mu gihe cyose cyo gukora, kunoza ubwizerwe, kubahiriza amategeko y'inyubako, imikorere, n'umutekano muri rusange. Ibigo bishyira mu bikorwa igenzura ry'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo bigaragaza ko ubuziranenge budakora neza kandi ko ingaruka zo kurinda inkongi zihoraho zigaragara.
Ni ibihe bikoresho bikwiriye gupima ubucucike bw'imirongo mu nganda zikora irangi ridashobora gushya?
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima ubucucike bw'imirongo birimo densitometero, sensor za ultrasonic, na sisitemu zo gupima zikora. Ibikoresho nk'ibya Lonnmeter bitanga ibitekerezo bihoraho mu gihe cyo kuvanga irangi, bigatuma abatekinisiye bakosora vuba ibitagenda neza. Sensore za ultrasonic zipima ubucucike zimenya impinduka mu muvuduko w'amajwi uko imvange inyura muri sensor. Sisitemu zo gupima zikora zikuramo ingero za buri gihe, zigenzura ko inzira igenzurwa nta nkomyi. Izi koranabuhanga zifasha abakora ibintu gukomeza amahame akomeye y'ubucucike bw'irangi rikoresha amazi, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere y'uburyo bwo gukoresha irangi rikoresha umuriro ndetse n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro muri rusange.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 11-2025
