Inganda zikora ikoranabuhanga ku isi yose n’izitunganya ibikomoka ku binyabuzima ziri mu mpinduka zikomeye ziva ku bikorwa bisanzwe bikorerwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga zijya ku nganda zikora mu buryo bwikora. Ibipimo by’igihe nyacyo bigenzura ibipimo by’ingenzi by’imikorere mu gihe nyacyo kandi bitanga inkunga mu kunoza ibikorwa mu gihe nyacyo. Gupima ubukana busanzwe mu kugenzura ibikorwa bishingiye ku gupima intoki buri gihe no gusesengura laboratwari idakoresheje interineti, bigatera ingaruka mbi n’ingaruka zikomeye kandi bigatera gutinda gukosora ibikorwa, umusaruro mwinshi, no gukora ibicuruzwa bitari mu buryo bwikora.
Isesengura ry'Igabanuka ry'Ibintu Bikomoka ku Binyabutabire
Isano hagati ya Enzyme na Substrate
Hydrolysis ya enzyme ni inzira yo gukurura aho enzyme yorohereza icikamo ry’umubumbe w’urusobe rw’ibintu mu buryo buto. Mu gihe cy’umwihariko cy’uko cellulase ikora kuri polysaccharide ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile nka carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), akazi k’ingenzi k’umubumbe ni ugukoresha hydrolyze imigozi ya glycosidic iri mu migozi miremire ya polymer. Iki gikorwa gisenya CMC mu buryo busanzwe, kikagabanya uburebure bw’umugozi wayo n’uburemere bw’impuzandengo ya molekile. Ibikomoka kuri iki gikorwa, cyane cyane isukari ntoya, byirundanya mu gisubizo uko igikorwa kigenda gitera imbere. Umuvuduko w’iki gikorwa ufitanye isano itaziguye n’imikorere ya enzyme mu bihe runaka by’ubushyuhe na pH.
Isano ry'inyigisho za Kramers
Isano iri hagati y’imikorere ya enzyme n’imiterere y’umubiri w’uburyo bwo gusubiza ni ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane. Inyigisho ya Kramers, ihame ry’ibanze mu bijyanye na kinetiki y’ibinyabutabire, ivuga ko inzira zirimo impinduka mu miterere ya poroteyine, nka catalysis ya enzyme, ziterwa n’ubukana bw’umunyungugu ukikije. Uko ubukana bw’umunyungugu bwiyongera, imbaraga zo gukururana zigira uruhare mu miterere y’umunyungugu nazo ziyongera. Uku gukururana gukabije kubuza impinduka zikenewe mu miterere, bigatinza neza uruziga rw’umunyungugu kandi bikagabanya igipimo ntarengwa cy’umunyungugu, cyangwa Vmax.
Ku rundi ruhande, kugabanuka k'ubuso bw'umuti bunini bugabanya izi mbaraga zo gushwanyagurika, nk'uko bivugwa na Kramers, byakoroshya imikorere ya catalytic ya enzyme. Mu rwego rwo kwangirika kwa HMW substrate, imikorere ya enzyme ituma itaziguye igabanuka ry'ubuso bw'umuti, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gusubiza aho impinduka mu miterere ya rheological y'umuti zigaragaza neza ko enzyme ikora neza.
Kwinjira mu buryo bwimbitse muri Rheology itari iya Newtonian
Gutandukanya amazi ya Newtonian n'atari Newtonian
Imyitwarire y’amazi mu maraso igaragazwa n’ubukana bwayo n’uburyo iyo miterere isubiza ku bukana bwayo. Ku mazi ya Newtonian, isano iri hagati y’ubukana bw’amazi mu maraso (τ) n’igipimo cyo gukata (γ˙) ni umurongo ugororotse kandi ugororotse, aho ubukana bw’ubukana ari bwo bukana (μ). Ibi bishobora kugaragazwa n’itegeko rya Newton ry’ubukana:
τ=μγ˙
Mu buryo bunyuranye, amazi atari aya Newtoniya agaragaza isano igoye cyane aho ubushyuhe budahinduka ariko bugatandukana bitewe n'umuvuduko wo gukata. Iyi myitwarire iranga amazi menshi akomeye yo mu nganda, harimo n'ibisubizo bya polymer nka CMC.
Imyitwarire itari iya Newtonian y'ibisubizo bya HMW Polymer
Kwangirika kwa polimeri za HMW mu buryo bw’umwimerere si inzira ya Newtonian. Ibisubizo bya polimeri nka CMC bikunze kugaragaza imyitwarire yo gukata, aho ubukana bugaragara bugabanuka uko igipimo cyo gukata kiyongera. Iki kintu giterwa no gutandukana no guhuza imiyoboro miremire ya polimeri mu cyerekezo cy’amazi, ibyo bigatuma amazi agabanuka. Ku gipimo cyo hejuru (urugero, hejuru ya 1%), bimwe mu bisubizo bya CMC bishobora no kugaragaza imyitwarire yo gukata bwa mbere, aho ubukana bwiyongera uko igipimo cyo gukata kigenda giterwa no kurema kw’imiyoboro minini, hagakurikiraho gukata ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata.
Ingaruka za enzyme za cellulase kuri CMC zihindura cyane iyi miterere ya rheological. Uko enzyme igabanya iminyururu miremire ya polymer, uburemere bw'impuzandengo ya molekile ya substrate buragabanuka. Uku kugabanuka k'uburebure bw'umunyururu bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye urugero rwo kwivanga no gukorana hagati ya molekile. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuti uba udafite imbaraga nyinshi, kandi imiterere yawo itari Newtonian, cyane cyane iyo ugabanya shear, iragabanuka. Impinduka zikomeye mu miterere y'umunyururu mu mazi—cyane cyane, kugabanuka gukomeye kwa viscosity ku gipimo runaka cyo gukata—ni ikimenyetso cyumvikana cy'uko enzyme ikomeza kwangirika.
Isano y'ubwinshi bw'ubucucike n'ibikorwa
Isano iri hagati yo kugabanuka k'ubunini bw'umuti n'igabanuka ry'uburemere bw'imyunyungugu ya molekile z'umuti isanzwe iragaragazwa neza. Uko cellulase igabanya imiyoboro ya polymer, ibice bivamo bigira uruhare ruto cyane mu bunini bw'umuti muri rusange. Iyi sano ituma ubunini bukora nk'ikintu gikomeye, gitanga imbaraga mu gihe nyacyo cyo gutera imbere kw'imikorere ya enzyme, uburyo bwihuse cyane kuruta ibizamini bisanzwe bya laboratwari bishobora gutera gutinda gukomeye.
Igipimo gihoraho gitangwa na viscometer yo kuri interineti gikora nk'isuzuma ryimbitse cyane ry'iyi mpinduka mu miterere. Igabanuka ry'ubushyuhe ku gipimo runaka cyo gukata ritanga ikimenyetso kiziguye kandi gipima ingano y'impinduka mu gice cy'ubutaka, ndetse no mu buryo bwagutse, imikorere ya enzyme. Iyi ni impamvu ya siyansi yo gukoresha viscometer ya Lonnmeter-ND nk'igipimo gihoraho kandi kitaziguye cy'iterambere ry'imikorere ya enzyme.
ItsindaLonnmeter-ND Viscometer Ihindagurika
Ihame ry'imikorere: Uburyo bwo Kuzunguza
Viscometer ya Lonnmeter-ND ikora ku ihame ry'uburyo bwo guhindagura, uburyo bukomeye kandi bwizewe mu nganda. Igice cyo kumenya igikoresho ni inkoni ikomeye ishishikajwe no kunyeganyega no kuzenguruka mu cyerekezo cyayo ku murongo runaka. Iyo yinjijwe mu mazi, uku guhindagura kurarwanywa n'ubukana bw'amazi, ari na cyo gipimo cy'ubukana bw'imbere. Ubukana butera ingaruka zo guhumana cyangwa gutakaza ingufu zituruka ku kintu gihindagura. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugaragaza uku gutakaza ingufu, maze microprocessor igahindura ikimenyetso mo ishusho y'ubukana. Igipimo cy'ibanze gishingiye ku kwangirika kw'umuraba wa electromagnetic oscillating, aho ikimenyetso gihuye n'umusaruro w'igikoresho n'ubukana bw'ubukana bw'ubukana bw'ubukana (λδ).
Ubu buryo butandukanye n'ubundi buryo bwa viscometry, nk'uburyo bwa capillary, rotational, cyangwa falling-ball. Bitandukanye n'ubu buryo, uburyo bwa vibration butanga igihe cyo gusubiza vuba cyane kandi ntibugira ingaruka mbi ku buryo bwo kubushyiraho. Bunoroshya kandi sisitemu binyuze mu gukuraho gukenera ibice byimuka, ibifunga, cyangwa ibyuma bifunga.
Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki n'ubushobozi
Viscometer ya Lonnmeter-ND yagenewe kuzuza ibisabwa mu kugenzura ibikorwa by’inganda. Itanga ubunini bwo gupima ubukana kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 1.000.000 cP kandi ishobora guhindurwa ku buryo bworoshye cyane kandi butose binyuze mu guhindura imiterere ya sensor. Ubuziranenge bw'ibanze bw'igikoresho bugaragazwa kuri ± 2-5% hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo bwa ± 1-2% ku binyabutabire bya Newtonian, nubwo ishobora kugaragaza impinduka mu buryo buhoraho mu binyabutabire bitari Newtonian.
Ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, viscometer muri rusange ikozwe mu byuma 316 bita stainless steel, hamwe n'amahitamo y'ibikoresho byihariye nka Teflon cyangwa Hastelloy ku bidukikije byihariye. Kugira ngo ihuzwe na bioreactors, isosiyete yakoze verisiyo ifite probe ndende, kuva kuri mm 500 kugeza mm 2000 z'uburebure, yemerera gushyirwa mu miyoboro y'ibinyabutabire uhereye hejuru ujya hasi.
Ibyiza by'igishushanyo mbonera ku bidukikije bigoye
Igishushanyo cya Lonnmeter-ND cyakozwe neza cyane kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu nganda. Igihe cyayo cyo gusubiza vuba n'ubushobozi bwo gukora mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko ni ingenzi mu kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo. Kuba nta bice byimuka ntibigabanya gusa kubungabunga ahubwo binatuma isuku n'isukura (CIP / SIP compatibility), ari ingenzi mu kubungabunga imiterere y'ibinyabutabire mu bidukikije. Imiterere y'ikintu kimwe cyagaragayemo sensor hamwe no gutigita guhoraho bituma yisukura ubwayo, bikarinda ko ibicuruzwa byiyongera ku buso bwa sensor, ibyo bikaba byatuma habaho imiterere idahwitse.
Kuba uburyo bwo guhindagura budahagije ku miterere y’ibikoresho bivuze ko Lonnmeter-ND ishobora gushyirwa mu murongo, igatanga ibitekerezo bihoraho bigaragaza neza imiterere y’ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga kurusha uko icyitegererezo kimwe cya laboratwari kitari kuri interineti cyaba. Igihe cyo gusubiza vuba gitanga ibitekerezo byihuse, ari ingenzi mu gukumira ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa rirenze urugero no kwemeza ko ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa buhoraho. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza muri make ibisobanuro by’ingenzi bya tekiniki n’ingaruka zabyo ku ikoreshwa ry’inganda.
| Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki | Agaciro kavuye mu nyandiko | Akamaro n'Ibyiza by'Inganda |
| Uburyo bwo gupima | Uburyo bwo kuzunguza | Itanga igisubizo cyihuse, ntiyitaho cyane, kandi irinda kuziba. |
| Urugendo rw'ubucucike | 1 - 1,000,000 cP (ni ngombwa) | Ikoreshwa cyane ku bintu bitandukanye by'amazi, kuva ku bintu by'amazi kugeza ku bintu by'amazi byinshi. |
| Ubuziranenge bw'umwimerere | ± 2% - ± 5% | Igaragaza ko hakenewe gukosora no gusuzuma urwego rwa sisitemu kugira ngo habeho ubunyangamugayo bwo hejuru. |
| Gusubiramo | ± 1% - ± 2% | Igaragaza uburyo sensor ikora, ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ikore moderi ishingiye ku makuru. |
| Igishushanyo | Igice cy'inkoni ikomeye, nta bice bigenda, ibifunga, cyangwa ibyuma bifunga | Bigabanya kwangirika kw'imashini kandi byoroshya isuku, bikaba byiza cyane mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi/ubushyuhe bwinshi. |
| Ibikoresho | Ibyuma 316 bita icyuma gitemba (bisanzwe) | Bituma ibintu biramba kandi birwanya imyuka ihumanya mu bidukikije birimo imiti n'ibinyabutabire. |
| Guhindura | Imashini zipima (500-2000mm) | Yemerera gushyirwamo ibyuma bitanga ingufu mu buryo bwo hejuru mu buryo bworoshye, ikintu cy'ingenzi ku nganda nyinshi. |
| Umusaruro | 4-20mA, RS485 | Imiyoboro isanzwe y’inganda yo guhuza neza na sisitemu zo kugenzura za PLC/DCS. |
Guhuza Amakuru n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Kwiga Imashini kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe nyacyo
Amakuru ya laboratwari ya DNSA ahora agaragara ariko ari nyayo cyane ahuzwa n'urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru aturuka kuri viscometer ya Lonnmeter-ND n'izindi sensors zikora kugira ngo habeho icyitegererezo gishingiye ku makuru ateganyijwe. Ubu buryo, bukoresha algorithms za machine learning (ML), ni bwo buryo bwo kugera ku ntego ihamye. Icyitegererezo cya ML (urugero: Imashini zishyigikira Vector, Gaussian Process Regression, cyangwa Artificial Neural Networks) cyiga isano igoye, idashingiye ku murongo hagati y'ibipimo bya viscosity kuri interineti, izindi mpinduka mu mikorere (ubushyuhe, umuvuduko), n'ibikorwa bya enzyme "by'ukuri" nk'uko bigenwa n'isuzuma rya DNSA.
Iyi gahunda yo guhuza ni ingenzi cyane. Sensor imwe ishobora guhura n’ibintu bitandukanye by’urusaku, harimo n’amashanyarazi n’imikorere yayo, ndetse no guhindagurika kw’amasensor. Binyuze mu guhugura ku makuru yuzuye kandi afite uburyo bwinshi, moderi ya ML ishobora kumenya no gushungura aya majwi atari yo. Urugero, ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko ry’igihe gito rishobora gutera kwiyongera guke kandi gukemangwa mu isomwa rya viscometer. Moderi ya ML, ibona ko uku kwiyongera kudafitanye isano n’impinduka mu bushyuhe cyangwa impinduka zijyanye n’umusaruro wa DNSA, ishobora kwirengagiza cyangwa gukosora amanota y’amakuru atari yo mu mibare. Ibi bizamura imikorere ya sisitemu kurenza cyane ibisobanuro by’ibanze bya sensor imwe.
Gukemura Imbogamizi zo Gushyira mu Bikorwa Inganda
Viscometer zitigita, mu miterere yazo, zishobora kwangiza imihindagurikire y’ingufu za mechanical zo hanze ndetse n’ihungabana rya electromagnetic interference (EMI). Isoko nka moteri, pompe, n'ibindi bikoresho by'uruganda bishobora gutanga urusaku rwa mekanike rugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gupima kwa sensor ku bijyanye n’ihindagurika ry’ingufu, bigatuma imiterere idahwitse cyangwa ihindagurika. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, EMI, ishobora gutangwa cyangwa gukorwa, ishobora kubangamira imikorere ya elegitoroniki ya sensor, ikangiza ikimenyetso kandi ikagabanya imikorere.
Ibisubizo byinshi by’ubuhanga, haba ku rwego rwa hardware na software, bishobora kugabanya ibi bibazo neza. Ukurikije imiterere ya hardware, gushyiraho neza ni ingenzi cyane. Sensor igomba gushyirwa ku kintu gihamye, cyihariye, kure y’aho urusaku ruturuka cyane. Hari imiterere ya viscometer irimo "balanced resonator" cyangwa ibintu bisa nabyo bya sensor bizunguruka mu byerekezo bitandukanye, bigasibanganya neza torque zo hanze ku gikoresho cyabyo.
Ku ruhande rwa porogaramu, uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bugezweho bukoreshwa mu gushungura urusaku. Uburyo bugezweho cyane burimo gukoresha sensor ya kabiri, nka accelerometer yo hanze, kugira ngo ipime vibration yo hanze y’aho sensor ikorera. Iyi "rusaku" ishyirwa muri processor y'ibimenyetso hamwe n'ikimenyetso cya viscometer y'ibanze. Processor ikoresha algorithm yo kuyungurura kugira ngo ikuremo ingaruka z'ivibration yo hanze, bigatuma isoma neza kandi neza.Lonnmeter-Ikoreshwa rya ND mu buryo bwo kubora hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi hamwe na microprocessor kugira ngo ihindure ibimenyetso mu buryo busanzwe ritanga urwego rwo kuyungurura no gukomera.
Uburyo bwo Kwizerwa, Kubungabunga, no Kwigenga mu gihe kirekire
Kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'amakuru uko igihe kigenda gihita ni ingenzi kuri sisitemu iyo ari yo yose yo kugenzura ibikorwa kuri interineti. Ibikoresho byose byo gupima bishobora "gutemba," impinduka buhoro buhoro mu mikorere bitewe n'ingufu za mekanike, kwangirika kw'ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije. Kugira ngo ibi bihagarare, ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe.
Uruhare rw'ibinyabutabire byemewe
Gukoresha ibikoresho byemewe (CRMs) ni byo bipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda mu gupima viscometers. Ibi ni ibinyabutabire, cyane cyane amavuta ya silikoni, bigaragaza imyitwarire ya Newtonian yemewe kandi ifite ubushyuhe buzwi mu bushyuhe butandukanye. Rimwe na rimwe, viscometer yo kuri interineti ikurwa mu nzira ikagenzurwa hakurikijwe kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bipimo kugira ngo byemezwe ko ari ukuri. Ibi byemeza ko imikorere y'ibanze y'igikoresho ikomeza kandi ko imiterere yacyo ikomeza kugaragara ku bipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga.
Gahunda yo kubungabunga ibintu mbere y'igihe
Uretse gukosora gusa niba hari aho amazi anyura, amakuru ahoraho aturuka kuri viscometer yo kuri interineti ashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zirambuye zo kubungabunga amazi. Gukurikirana mu buryo butunguranye ubukana bw'amazi bishobora kuba umuburo hakiri kare ku bibazo bishobora kubaho nko gupima imiyoboro cyangwa kuziba, akenshi bibanzirizwa n'impinduka mu mikorere y'amazi. Ibi bituma abakora ibikorwa bafata ingamba zo gusukura cyangwa guhindura sisitemu mbere yuko habaho ikosa rikomeye, bigatuma habaho kuzigama igihe kinini cyo gukora n'amafaranga menshi.LonnmeterImiterere ya ND idasaba ubwishingizi bwinshi kandi ikagira igisubizo cyihuse bituma iba igice gihendutse kandi cyizewe cy’ubu bwoko bw’ingamba.
Ikoreshwa mu nganda n'ingaruka zishobora gupimwa mu bucuruzi
Kunoza uburyo Cellulase Hydrolysis ikoreshwa
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukoresha ubu buryo ni ugukoresha neza hydrolysis iterwa na cellulase mu nganda zikora bioreactors. Intego ni uguhindura HMW cellulase/CMC mo isukari y'agaciro igabanya isukari mu gihe hirindwa ko itunganywa cyane, bishobora gupfusha ubusa ingufu no kugabanya umusaruro muri rusange.
Binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ihuriwehoLonnmeterSisitemu ya -ND, abayikora bashobora kubona uburyo bwo gusoma neza mu buryo buhoraho, bujyanye neza n'uko ibintu bigenda. Aho kwishingikiriza ku gupima intoki no gusuzuma muri laboratwari bifata igihe kinini kugira ngo hamenyekane aho ibintu bigarukira, igikorwa gishobora guhagarikwa mu buryo bwikora iyo uburyo bwo gusoma neza mu buryo bwo kuri interineti bugeze ku rugero rwagenwe mbere. Ibi byemeza ko ibintu byose bihinduka kandi bikarinda ko ibintu bikorerwa mu buryo burenze urugero, bigatuma habaho umusaruro mwiza kandi utegerejwe. Ubushobozi bwa sisitemu bwo kugera ku ntego ya 0.3% y'ubuziranenge butuma imiterere y'ibintu igerwaho neza cyane, bigatuma umusaruro uba mwiza.
Gupima inyungu ku ishoramari (ROI)
Gukoresha iri koranabuhanga bitanga inyungu igaragara kandi ishoboka ku ishoramari mu bipimo byinshi by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi.
Ubwiza n'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa byiyongera
Ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana no kugenzura imikorere ya enzyme mu gihe nyacyo bigabanya imyanda n'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa. Uku kugenzura neza bitanga umusaruro mwinshi muri rusange n'umusaruro wa nyuma uhoraho kandi ufite ireme rihoraho, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku nyungu.
Ibiciro by'ibikorwa byagabanijwe
Iyi gahunda ikuraho gukenera gupima no gusesengura muri laboratwari hakoreshejwe intoki, ibikorwa bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kandi bihenze. Byongeye kandi, kugenzura mu buryo bufatika birinda gutunganya cyane, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikoreshwa rya enzymes zihenze. Imiterere y'ibipimo idasaba ubuvuzi bwinshi.Lonnmeter-ND igabanya igihe cyo gukora akazi n'ikiguzi cyo gusana, birushaho kugira uruhare mu kuzigama amafaranga akoreshwa.
Inkunga Ikomeye mu Gufata Ibyemezo no Gusuzuma Amakosa
Amakuru ahoraho ava muri viscometer, iyo ashyizwe muri sisitemu yo kugenzura (PLC / DCS), atanga amakuru menshi yo gusesengura ibintu mu buryo buhanitse. Aya makuru ashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibishushanyo mbonera no kwigana, bigatuma hafatwa ibyemezo byiza no gusuzuma amakosa vuba. Urugero, impinduka itunguranye kandi idasobanutse mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe ishobora kugaragaza ko pompe yananiwe cyangwa ko ibikoresho fatizo bitameze neza, bigatuma hafatwa ingamba zo gukosora ako kanya.
Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo itanga isesengura rigereranya uburyo bwa viscometric butangwa ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo bwo gupima muri laboratwari.
| Igipimo | Uburyo gakondo (Gupima ingero za laboratwari) | Uburyo bwatanzwe (LonnmeterSisitemu ya -ND) |
| Gushakisha amakuru | Gufata ingero z'igihe runaka, hakoreshejwe intoki. | Gukurikirana kuri interineti mu buryo buhoraho kandi mu buryo nyabwo. |
| Igihe cyo Gusubiza | Amasaha kugeza ku minsi (kubera gutwara no gusesengura laboratwari). | Ako kanya. |
| Igenzura ry'Imikorere | Guhindura ibintu byatinze kandi bishobora kugaragara. | Kugenzura ako kanya kandi gashoboka. |
| Ubushobozi bw'ibicuruzwa | Bihinduka cyane bitewe n'itsinda. | Ubuhanga bwo hejuru n'ubudahinduka (intego ya 0.3%). |
| Ikiguzi cy'abakozi | Hejuru (gupima intoki, abatekinisiye ba laboratwari). | Sisitemu nto (ikoresha ikoranabuhanga, iri kuri interineti). |
| Igihe cyo kuruhuka | Akenshi (ku bijyanye no gupima, bishobora kurenga urugero). | Kugabanuka (gutegura ibikorwa mbere y'uko birangira, nta gutegereza ibisubizo bya laboratwari). |
The Lonnmeter-ND, ni ikintu kirenze kure sensor yoroshye. Iyo ishyizwe muri sisitemu yuzuye kandi ikoresha amakuru, iba igikoresho gikomeye kandi cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura bioprocesses.LonnmeterImiterere ikomeye ya ND, idasaba kwitabwaho cyane, kandi ifata igihe gito cyane, ikwiranye neza n'imimerere mibi yo gutunganya ibikomoka ku bimera mu nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 10 Nzeri 2025
