Gukurikirana ikoreshwa ry’amazi arenze urugero ni inkingi y’ingenzi mu mikorere yo gukurura amabuye y’agaciro, kurinda umutekano wo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro, kudahungabana kw’imikorere, gukoresha neza ikiguzi, no kubahiriza ibidukikije. Nk’ingenzi mu gutanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’amazi arenze urugero mu gihe nyacyo, ikora nk’umurongo wa mbere wo kwirinda gufata/gufata amabuye y’agaciro binyuze mu kumenya ko hari ibintu byinshi bitagira akamaro (impamvu nyamukuru ituma ingufu z’amashanyarazi ziyongera n’ibikoresho binanirwa gukora). Mu kugenzura uburyo ibintu bikorwamo, ituma habaho uburyo bwo kugenzura neza uburyo amazi agabanuka - gukumira ko amazi agabanuka cyane (kuyungurura cyane) cyangwa ko imiyoboro y’amazi ifunganye - mu gihe iyobora uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi adafite aho ahuriye n’amazi kugira ngo hirindwe imyanda ikoreshwa mu gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro n’uburyo amazi agabanuka.
Ingingo z'ibanze z'imikorere y'inganda mu birombe bya Polymetallic Lead na Zinc
Ibyuma bikungahaye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni ingenzi mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro mu birombe bya polymetallic lead na zinc, bigatuma habaho gutandukanya neza amazi n'ibinyabiziga, kugarura amazi, no kugenzura neza ikoreshwa ry'amazi acukurwa. Imikorere yabyo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ituze ry'imikorere, imicungire y'ibice by'amazi, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Amahame y'ibanze yo gutwika amabuye y'agaciro mu bidukikije
Imikorere y’ubucucike ishingiye ku buhanga bwo gusya, aho uduce duto duto dushyirwa mu bucucike dutandukanywa n’imbaraga rukuruzi. Ubucucike bw’ibiryo bwinjiye mu bucucike bugakwirakwira mu bwato. Munsi y’imbaraga rukuruzi, uduce dutangira gutura, tugakora uduce dutatu tw’ingenzi:
- Agace k'amazi gasobanutse hejuru (amazi menshi).
- Agace ko hagati "gafite imbogamizi", aho ingano y'uduce duto ihurirana kandi igipimo cyo gutuza kikagabanuka.
- Urusobe rwo hasi rw'ibishishwa bifunze cyangwa "igitanda cy'ibyondo," aho ibintu bikomeye byirundanya.
Igipimo cy’imikurire y’amazi gishingira ku mbaraga rukuruzi zigira uruhare ku tunyangingo, zigahanwa no gukururwa n’amazi. Uko ubwinshi bw’utunyangingo bugenda bwiyongera, utunyangingo tubangamirana, bigatinda gutembera (kubangamira gutembera). Gutembera kw’amazi—biterwa n’imikurire ya polyelectrolyte—biteranya utunyangingo duto mu tunyangingo tunini, byongera umuvuduko watwo wo gutembera neza. Imikorere myiza y’imikurire y’amazi iterwa n’ubucucike bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ingano y’utunyangingo, shimi y’amazi, n’ihindagurika ry’amazi mu gice cy’umubyimba.
Kubara neza igipimo cy’amazi yo mu bwoko bwa flocculant no kunoza imikorere ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imikorere y’umubyimba irusheho kuba myiza. Gukoresha umubyimba urenze urugero cyangwa urenze urugero bigabanya ubwinshi bw’amazi cyangwa ubucucike, kandi bishobora gutera impanuka nko gufatana kw’amatafari cyangwa kurenza urugero rw’amazi. Igenzura ry’imikorere rigezweho no kunoza imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro rishingiye ku kugenzura buri gihe ibi bipimo by’umubiri n’ibinyabutabire.
Ibikoresho binini mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro
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Incamake y'ubwoko bw'ibice binini by'inganda n'inshingano zabyo
Imiterere itatu y'ingenzi y'ibinyabutabire ikoreshwa mu nganda zigezweho zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro ya lead-zinc:
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bipima uruzigaKoresha ikigega kinini, uburyo bwo gukurura ibintu bito bizenguruka, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gukurura ibintu bito bito kugira ngo uhuze kandi ukusanye ibintu bikomeye. Iyi miterere irakomeye ariko muri rusange ikemura ibintu bikomeye bike.
Ibikoresho binini byoroshyebyubatswe kugira ngo birusheho gukoresha ibigega bikomeye bifite amatangi ahanamye, imiterere myiza y’aho ububiko bw’ibikoresho, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukora neza mu gukurura amabuye y’agaciro. Ibi bice bikunze gukoreshwa mu gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro ya zinc bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ihindagurika ry’ibiryo n’uko amazi agomba kugaruka vuba.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana bw'amatabitanga ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye kandi bigatanga amazi menshi adatuje yo kujugunya imyanda idafite ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ibi bifasha ibirombe kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'ingomero z'imyanda.
Buri bwoko bw'umubyimba bugira uruhare rwihariye mu buryo bukurikira:
- Ibikoresho bigabanya imbaragakugarura amabuye y'agaciro y'agaciro mu miyoboro y'amazi.
- Ibikoresho binini by'imirizokugarura amazi mu migezi y'imyanda itunganywa mbere yo kuyajugunya.
- Ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana bw'amatagukora amafi afite ubucucike bwinshi kugira ngo abike neza kandi mu buryo buciriritse.
Ihindagurika ry'ibiryo, imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe n'uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gucukura bituma habaho guhitamo no guhuza ubwo bwoko bw'ibirungo. Imiterere ya modular hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gupima bifasha kwagura ibimera no kuvugurura uburyo bikorerwamo uko amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikenewe mu musaruro bihinduka.
Imbogamizi zidasanzwe ku mikorere ya Polymetallic
Ibirombe bya polymetallic lead-zinc bihura n'imbogamizi zikomeye mu mikorere y'ibice binini, harimo:
Igipimo cy’ibiryo gihindagurika n’ubumenyi bw’amabuye y’agaciro budahuye:Gucukura ubwoko bwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bitanga impinduka nini mu miterere y'ibinure, ingano y'ibinure, na rheology. Ibi bigora kugenzura amazi arenze ndetse no kunoza ingano y'ibinure mu gucukura, bigasaba uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro.
Ibintu bikomeye biremereye:Ibirombe bigezweho bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi, aho imiyoboro y’amazi ikunze gutwara toni zirenga 100.000 ku munsi z’urusenda. Kugenzura ubucucike bw’amazi acukura no kugenzura ubucucike bw’ibintu bikomeye kuri izo ntera biragoye ariko ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ibiza nk’impanuka zo gufata imiyoboro y’amazi cyangwa gufata imiyoboro y’amazi.
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bugoye:Amabuye y’agaciro ya lead-zinc ashobora kuba arimo galena, sphalerite, pyrite, na gangue, buri imwe ifite imiterere yihariye yo gutuza no gukurura. Ibi bisaba gahunda zihariye zo gukurura no gukururaigipimo cy'ubucucikegupima imikorere y'inganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Kunanirwa gukemura ibi bintu bishobora gutera ubusitani bw'ibyondo budahamye, ubuziranenge buke bw'amazi, ikoreshwa ry'imiti myinshi, cyangwa imikorere mibi ya mekanike. Ingaruka zo gupfunyika cyane cyangwa gufatana kw'ibinyabiziga byiyongera iyo ibintu bikomeye bihujwe mu buryo butunguranye, bigakomeza gushimangira ko hakenewe gupima ubucucike buhanitse hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ripima ubucucike bw'inganda (urugero, Lonnmeter) kugira ngo riyobore ivugurura ry'imikorere mu gihe nyacyo no gushyigikira sisitemu zo kwihutisha ubucucike.
Binyuze mu guhuza igenzura ry’imikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro n’uburyo bwo kuyanoza, kugenzura ubwinshi bw’amazi acukurwa n’imikorere myiza birarushaho kunozwa, bishyigikira intego zo kugarura amabuye y’agaciro ndetse n’iz’imicungire y’ibidukikije mu bikorwa bya polymetallic.
Ibice by'ingenzi n'imiterere y'ibice binini
Sisitemu zo gukata ibintu binini
Sisitemu zo gukurura ibyuma binini zigira uruhare runini mu bikorwa byo gukurura ibyuma binini by’ubutare bwa polymetallic lead na zinc. Ibi binini byakozwe kugira ngo bikomeze kugenda no guhuza ibintu bikomeye bijya mu gice cyo hagati cy’amazi. Ubu buryo bwo gutwara ibyuma bufasha mu kugenzura ubwinshi bw’ibinini mu mazi kandi bugafasha gukumira ko ibinini bitagira ingano bihinduka, bishobora kwangiza imikorere y’ibice.
Iyi mikorere ikubiyemo kuzunguruka amaboko y’imashini ifite ibyuma cyangwa imashini zisuka. Ayo maboko amanuka buhoro buhoro, agakura ibyondo byuzuye yerekeza aho amazi asohokera. Imiterere ya none y’imashini zisuka imashini zikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye kugira ngo zihangane no kwangirika biva ku misokoro ya lead-zinc. Imiterere ya mudasobwa, nka CFD (computational fluid dynamics) na FEA (finite element analysis), ikora neza imiterere y’imashini, inguni y’icyuma, intera y’intoki, n’ingano y’imodoka kugira ngo habeho torque nto kandi ikore neza cyane. Ku bikoresho bisuka imashini zisuka imashini, imiterere miremire y’ikigega n’imashini zisuka imashini zikonjesha bituma ibyuma bizikora neza kandi bidatakaza icyizere cy’ikoranabuhanga.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibintu bikomeye bushimangira uburyo ibintu bikomeye bishyirwamo, gukurikirana torque buri gihe, no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukurura torque. Ibipimo bya torque na transducers bikusanya amakuru mu gihe nyacyo, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu mikorere. Sisitemu zo kugenzura zihindura uburebure cyangwa umuvuduko mu buryo bwikora bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’torque, akenshi buterwa n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ibitaka ritari ryitezwe cyangwa kwiyongera k’ibikoresho mu buryo butunguranye. Ingero z’aho ibintu biherereye zigaragaza ko gukurikirana torque buri gihe no gushyiraho ahantu hanini ho gushyira ibintu byinshi mu buryo bwa gahunda bigabanya ibyo umuntu akeneye mu kubungabunga kandi bigateza imbere imikorere myiza y’ibibyimba.
Uburinzi bw'umuzigo ukabije bushingiye ku bikoresho bipima imbaraga (torque transducers, load cells) biri muri disiki. Iyo imipaka ya torque igeze ku rugero rwa torque—ikimenyetso cy'uko rack ishobora gufata—sisitemu ishobora kuzamura rack cyangwa igahagarika disiki kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa mekanike no gufata rack. Ubu burinzi, hamwe na sisitemu zo kugenzura zikwirakwijwe, butanga ubushobozi bwo gucunga kure no kwihutisha ibikorwa, ingenzi mu gukumira impanuka zo gufata rack.
Ibintu bya tekiniki bituma ibyuma bihambira ku mashini birimo kwikubira cyane kw'ibintu bikomeye, kwangirika kw'imodoka cyangwa kwangirika bitewe n'ingufu cyangwa amavuta mabi, hamwe no kurinda umutwaro mwinshi. Ingamba zo kwirinda zibanda ku miterere ikomeye, harimo n'ibikoresho binini cyane, ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika, no kugenzura imashini buri gihe. Gukomeza kubungabunga no kugenzura buri gihe—nk'uburyo bwo gusimbuza icyuma no gushyira amavuta mu mashini—biracyari ingamba z'ibanze zo kurinda umutekano. Igenzura ry'ibintu bifatika rikunze gutanga inama zo kugenzura ibitekerezo binyuze mu bikoresho bihindagurika by'umuvuduko no gusesengura imiterere y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bikomeze kwizerwa.
Sisitemu zo Gukoresha Flocculant
Imibare y'ingano ya Flocculant ku mikorere y'umubyimba mu ruziga rwa lead-zinc ikorwa hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye ya ruziga: ingano y'uduce, mineralogy, pH, n'imbaraga za ionic. Ubushakashatsi busanzwe burimo isuzuma ry'ibinini bya bench-scale, aho ubwoko bwa polymer n'ingano bitoranywa mu buryo bw'ubuhanga kugira ngo hagerwe ku bwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye biri munsi y'amazi n'ubuziranenge bukabije. Mu rwego rwo gutunganya neza uruganda rutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, ubusanzwe ingano ipimwa muri garama za polymer ikora kuri toni y'ibintu bikomeye byumye.
Ingaruka zo gupima flocculant zigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku muvuduko wo gutembera no ku bwinshi bwa nyuma bw’amazi arenze. Igipimo nyacyo gitera kwihuta kw’uduce duto (floc), bigatuma ibintu bikomeye bituza vuba kandi bigatandukana neza. Gupima cyane byongera ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire n’ikiguzi cyo gukora; gupima kudahagije bituma ibintu bikomeye bitazatandukana neza, kugabanuka k’ubucucike bw’amazi arenze, ndetse n’ibintu bishobora gutuma ibintu byinshi biremereye bigabanuka.
Ikoranabuhanga rituma habaho gutanga neza rikubiyemo pompe zishobora gupimwa zikoresha imiti, sisitemu zikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi, na porogaramu zo kugenzura zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.Igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'umurongon'ibitekerezo by'igihe nyacyo hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'inganda—nk'i Lonnmeter—bituma habaho ivugurura rihoraho no kunoza ingano ya polyelectrolyte. Izi sisitemu zishyigikira ikoreshwa neza rya reagents ndetse no kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibinyabutabire mu gihe nyacyo. Igenzura ryimbitse rikunze gutanga inama yo gupima ubucucike bw'ibinyabutabire ku bikorwa by'inganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo hagabanywe amakosa no kugenzura neza inzira.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga reagents burimo gupima ibikoresho bipima ubunini, kugenzura buri gihe ibipimo by'ubucucike, no guhuza na sisitemu zo gukora thickener automation. Ubu buryo bugabanya ikoreshwa rya reagents mu gihe bwongera ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo no kugenzura ubucucike bw'amazi, bigafasha mu mikorere rusange ya thickener no mu mutekano mu bijyanye no kongerera agaciro ubwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya lead zinc.
Ingamba zo kugenzura no gukurikirana zigezweho kugira ngo habeho ubwiyongere bw'amazi akoreshwa mu buryo buciriritse
Gupima Ubucucike bw'Inline n'Ibikoresho
Guhitamo iburyoigipimo cy'ubucucike bw'ingandani ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku igenzura ryimbitse kandi rihoraho ry’ubwinshi bw’amazi acukurwa mu birombe bya polymetallic lead na zinc. Ibikoresho nka vibrating element na ultrasonic density metres bitanga ubundi buryo butari ubwa kirimbuzi, bikemura ibisabwa mu kugenzura no mu mutekano mu mikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro. Ibi bikoresho bipima ubucucike bw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo nta ngaruka n’ubuyobozi bw’ibipimo bishingiye ku mirasire, ibi bikaba ari inyungu ikomeye mu mikorere myiza y’amazi acukurwa no kubahiriza amahame y’umutekano. Urugero, imiterere ya SDM ECO n’ibice bicukurwa byagaragaye ko bipima ubucucike bw’amazi acukurwa mu mazi ...
Guhuza ibyuma bisaba gusuzuma neza aho bipimirwa. Gushyiramo ibipimo akenshi biba mu murongo w’ibipimo biri hafi y’aho bisohokera, aho ibipimo by’ibikomeye biba bihuye neza kandi bigaragaza imikorere myiza. Gushyiramo ibipimo bigomba kandi gutuma amazi atagira aho ahurira n’amazi kandi bikaba byoroshye kuyakoresha, bikurikije uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga ibipimo.
Gupima ni ikibazo gikomeye mu mikoreshereze y’ibirombe bya lead-zinc bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ubucucike n’ikwirakwizwa ry’uturemangingo dutandukanye. Gupima buri gihe hakoreshejwe ingero z’icyitegererezo n’impinduka za porogaramu birakenewe, cyane cyane iyo ukoresha inzira zikomeye zo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro ya lead zinc. Gupima uruganda bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ishingiro, ariko kongera gusuzuma ahantu runaka byongera ubuziranenge bwo kugenzura ubucucike bw’ibirombe binini. Guhindagurika kw’ibikoresho, guterwa no gupfuka ibikoresho, kwangirika, cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwo gupima ibintu, bituma kugenzura intoki buri gihe biba ngombwa.
Uburyo bwo gucika intege budasanzwe mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro burimo gushwanyagurika kw'ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi, gupima, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, no kwegeranya ibikoresho ku buso bwa sensor. Uburyo bwo gukosora burimo gusana ibintu byagenwe, harimo gusukura imashini, kongera gupima no gusimbuza ibice bya sensor byashaje. Gahunda zo gusubiza vuba—nk'ikosa ryikora, gusuzuma ibintu biri aho biri, no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi binyuze mu buryo bwo gukora ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bubiri—bifasha kugenzura neza uburemere bw'ibintu bikomeye no gukira vuba nyuma y'amakosa. Ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bya SmartDiver birushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi binyuze mu gutanga igenzura ryigenga ry'ubucucike n'ingano y'ibyondo mu buryo butunguranye.
Sisitemu zo kugenzura ubunini bwikora
Sisitemu zo kugenzura ubwinshi bw'amazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ubu zihuza amakuru ashobora guhinduka cyane—imiterere y'ibiryo, ubucucike bw'amazi anyura munsi y'amazi, na torque itwara amazi iva muri thickener rake mechanism—kugira ngo habeho gucunga neza ibintu bikomeye no gutandukanya amazi. Zirimo ibitekerezo bivuye mu gupima ubucucike bw'amazi, umuvuduko, na sensors za torque, izi sisitemu zikoresha ingamba zo kugenzura ibintu byinshi kugira ngo zinoze ibipimo byinshi by'imikorere icyarimwe. Igenzura ry'icyitegererezo (MPC) n'abagenzuzi b'ingufu bahindura uburyo bwo kugenzura kugira ngo bahamye ubucucike bw'amazi anyura munsi y'amazi—ndetse n'uko imiterere y'ibiryo cyangwa ibisabwa mu gupima amazi bihinduka bitewe n'impinduka mu mivange y'amabuye y'agaciro.
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kugenzura bwibanda ku gucunga urwego rw'ububiko—kongera ubushobozi bwo gushyira ibintu bikomeye mu gihe hirindwa ko ububiko burushaho kwiyongera cyangwa buhambira. Uburyo bwo gusubiza uburebure bwa torque bukoreshwa mu kurinda ububiko bukabije no gukumira gufata cyangwa gufata ububiko, ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano w'ibikoresho no kubungabunga uburyo ibintu bikomeza kugenda neza. Bityo, kugenzura ubwinshi bw'amazi anyura mu ruganda bifitanye isano itaziguye n'imyitwarire ikurikiranwa y'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ububiko bunini n'uburyo torque ifatwa. Uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru mu buryo bwihuse n'uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru bwikora butangira ibikorwa byo gukosora byihuse—kongera umuvuduko w'amazi anyura mu ruganda, guhindura ingano y'amazi anyura mu ruganda, cyangwa guhindura aho ububiko buhagarara kugira ngo hirindwe ibintu bikomeye.
Kunoza ingano y’ibintu bicukurwa mu mazi ni indi ntego yikora. Sisitemu zigezweho zikoresha ibitekerezo bihoraho kugira ngo zinoze uburyo bwo kunoza ingano ya polyelectrolyte mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, zitanga amazi meza yo kugarura amazi no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusubiramo amazi mu buryo bugezweho. Igenzura rishingiye ku makuru rikomeza imikorere mu ihindagurika ry’imikorere, rishyigikira igenzura ry’imikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikorwa byo kuyanoza.
Guhuza amakuru mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ibintu bipima ubukana bw'ibipimo. Amapuratifomu yikora afata amakuru ya sensor afite igihe gito cyo gutinda, akayashyira mu bikorwa byo kugenzura bishobora guhanura mu gihe gito no gusubiza vuba ibintu bidasanzwe. Urugero, isesengura ry’ibipimo rikoresha urwego rw’imikorere ruhamye, ubwinshi bw’amazi anyura mu kirere, n’umuvuduko w’ibyondo bishyigikira kumenya hakiri kare ibintu bihinduka kandi bigafasha mu buryo bwikora, mbere y’uko imipaka y’ibikorwa irenga. Guhuza uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bw’ibipimo by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’inyandiko y’ibyabaye ishingiye kuri sensor bituma habaho kunoza buri gihe sisitemu yo kwihutisha ibintu mu buryo bwikora, bikongera imbaraga mu ngamba zo kubungabunga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’umusaruro w’imikorere mu nganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro.
Izi ngamba zigezweho zishyiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo kunoza umusaruro, kunoza imikorere myiza yo gukura amazi mu mazi, no gukumira ibyago bikomeye nko gufatana n’ingufu mu bikorwa by’inganda mu bijyanye no gukurura imyuka ivanze n’amazi mu buryo bwa polymetallic lead-zinc.
Ikinyabutabire - aho ahanini imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura
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Gufata, no kwirinda kurenza urugero rw'umutwaro
Uburyo butuma Rake ihambira kandi ikaremerera cyane
Mu birombe bya polymetallic lead na zinc, inganda zikoresha uburyo bwo gukurura imigozi kugira ngo zitandukanye neza kandi zigakuraho amazi. Gufata imigozi bibaho iyo amaboko y'imigozi ahuye n'ubudahangarwa bukabije—ubusanzwe bitewe no kwirundanya kw'ibikoresho ku gice cyo gukurura imigozi cyangwa hafi y'aho isohoka. Kurenza urugero rw'imigozi bivuga imbaraga zirenze imipaka y'igishushanyo, bigatuma ibice binanirwa gukora neza.
Kwiyongera kw'ibikoresho—biterwa no kwiyongera gutunguranye kw'ibiryo by'ibintu bikomeye, kugenzura nabi ubwinshi bw'amazi acucitse, cyangwa kubara nabi ibipimo bya flocculant—byongera cyane imbaraga zo gukurura amazi n'imbaraga za mekanike ku maboko na za rake. Imiterere ya Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) na Finite Element Analysis (FEA) byemeza ko rheology y'imyanda, imiterere y'ibiryo, igipimo cy'ibiryo, n'umuvuduko wa rake byose ni ingenzi: impinduka zitunguranye zihutisha ibyago byo kuziba. Urugero, mu binini bya cone thickeners bikora ku itunganywa ry'amabuye y'agaciro ya zinc, ibiryo by'ibintu bikomeye bidakozwe neza no gukoresha flocculant birenze urugero byagaragaye ko bitera ibibazo byo gufatana no kurenza urugero rw'ibintu. Amakuru yo mu murima aturuka mu bikorwa bya lead-zinc byo mu Bushinwa yemeza izi ngaruka kandi agaragaza ibyiza byo kunoza imiterere ya thickener rike n'imikorere yayo.
Ibimenyetso by'uburinzi hakiri kare n'ibisubizo byo gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo
Ibimenyetso by'ibanze by'uko torque ya rike igenda ikoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi akenshi birimo kwiyongera cyane kwa torque ya rike, ihindagurika ridasanzwe mu gipimo cy'ibice by'ibitaka, no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko wa rike. Ibisubizo byo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo bikoresha sisitemu zo gupima torque no gukurura zikora, kumenya imiterere y'ibarurishamibare, no kwerekana imiterere y'umubiri hamwe na FEA yigenga. Sisitemu zigezweho zo gupima zikoresha inline, nka Lonnmeter industrial density meters, zitanga ibitekerezo bihoraho ku bucucike bw'amazi n'imiterere y'ibice by'ibitaka, bishobora kwerekana ko hari umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa uhambiriye.
Uburyo bwo kwigisha imashini butunganya amakuru ahindagurika n'imikorere kugira ngo bugaragaze torque idasanzwe y'imashini mbere yuko inanirwa—kugeza ku minota mike mbere y'uko ikora. Abakoresha bashobora gusubiza bahindura ingano ya polyelectrolyte, bongera kuringaniza imiterere y'ibiryo, cyangwa bagakora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga. Gahunda zo kugenzura zikoresha uburyo bwikora zihuza gupima ubucucike bw'inline hamwe no kugenzura torque byagaragaye ko bigabanya gufunga byihutirwa no gukumira impanuka zo gufata ibyuma mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro.
Gahunda zo kubungabunga n'amabwiriza agenga imikorere
Kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa mekanike no kongera igihe cyo gukora ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa, gahunda zo kubungabunga zigomba kwibanda ku igenzura rihoraho ry'ingufu za rake, gari ya moshi zitwara imizigo, n'ibikoresho byo gupima torque. Kugumana inyandiko y'ingendo za torque zagaragaye, imikorere y'amavuta, no gupima ingano y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni ingenzi cyane.
Amabwiriza agenga imikorere agomba kwemeza:
- Gukurikirana ingero z'ibinure n'uburyo ibintu bikomeye bicukurwamo.
- Gusuzuma buri gihe imiterere y'aho amazi anyura n'aho anyura kugira ngo hagenzurwe ubucucike bw'amazi ku gihe.
- Gupima buri gihe no gupima imikorere ya sisitemu zo gupima ubucucike bw'imirongo nka Lonnmeter.
Gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga ibyuma binini—harimo no kwandika mu buryo burambuye ibikorwa byo kwirinda no gusubiza vuba amakuru ajyanye no gukurikirana—bigaragaza iterambere rikomeye ugereranyije n’uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibyuma binini bishingiye ku byangiritse. Izi ntambwe zishyigikira mu buryo butaziguye ingamba zo kwirinda ibyuma binini kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gufatirwa n’ibice bihenze by’amasashe.
Ibyiza byo kugenzura ibikorwa by'ikoranabuhanga
Kugenzura neza mu miyoboro y’amazi birinda ifatwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro rikabije kandi bifasha gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bwizewe binyuze mu kunoza buri gihe ibipimo by’imikorere. Gutanga ibitekerezo ku buryo nyabwo—cyane cyane iyo bihujwe na gahunda z’abahanga mu kugenzura—bituma ibintu by’ingenzi nka torque y’amabuye y’agaciro, ubwinshi bw’amazi asohoka, n’urugero rw’ibyondo biri mu mutekano.
Ingero zivuye mu igenzura ry’imikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwikora zigaragaza:
- Kugabanuka gukabije kw'igihe cyo kuruhuka kitateganijwe nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda z'ubugenzuzi bw'impuguke.
- Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukomeza ibikorwa binyuze mu gukurikirana ibipimo by'ibintu bikomeye no guhindura ingano ya flocculant na polyelectrolyte.
- Kugabanuka kw'ingufu za mekanike n'uburemere bwinshi, bifasha mu gihe kirekire cyo kuzikoresha no kunoza imikorere y'imashini zikora cyane.
Amaherezo, uburyo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose—kuva ku buryo bwikora kugeza ku ngengabihe yo kubungabunga—butanga uburinzi bukomeye ku mashini zikoresha ibyuma biremereye mu gihe bukomeza kubahiriza amahame y’umutekano n’imikorere y’inganda.
Igenzura ry'Imikorere y'Ubutare n'Iterambere ry'Imikorere y'Ubutare
Igenzura ry’imiterere y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu birombe bya polymetallic lead na zinc ryibanda ku isuzuma ryimbitse ry’imikorere y’inganda zikora, rishimangira ubwiza bw’amazi acukurwa n’imikorere y’amasashe. Iri genzura rikoresha igenzura ryimbitse ry’ibipimo bya hydraulic—nk’ihindagurika ry’ibiryo, umuvuduko wo kuzamuka, n’ubujyakuzimu bw’igitanda—mu gihe rishyira imbere ibipimo by’ingenzi by’imikorere (KPIs) nko kuba amazi acukurwa, ubucucike bw’ibintu bikomeye, imbaraga z’amasashe, n’imiterere y’imbaraga. Kugenzura neza ibi bintu ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bw’ibitaka, kuziba, no gucika intege kwa mekanike harimo no gufata amasashe cyangwa gufata amasashe.
Igenzura ry’imiterere: Igenzura ry’amazi n’iry’imikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi
Ubusanzwe igenzura rikubiyemo isuzuma ryimbitse:
- Imikorere y'amazi ipimwa binyuze mu kuringaniza amazi, gukurikirana ubwiza bw'amazi arenze urugero, no gukurikirana igipimo cy'amazi ahinduka.
- Igenzura rya Rake thickener risesengura imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, imiterere y'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, n'imiterere y'imyenda isanzwe, akenshi rikoresha moderi zigezweho nka Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations kugira ngo hamenyekane uko imizigo ikwirakwizwa no kumenya ahantu hashobora guteza akaga ko kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi no gufata impanuka.
- Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’amazi anyura munsi y’amazi rishingiye ku gupima ubucucike bw’amazi hakoreshejwe metero zipima ubucucike bw’inganda nka Lonnmeter, bigatuma habaho isuzuma ry’igihe nyacyo. Gupima ubucucike bw’amazi ku bipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda zicukura amabuye y’agaciro bitanga ingero zizewe z’amazi anyura munsi y’amazi, bifasha kugenzura ubucucike bw’amazi anyura munsi y’amazi.
Isesengura ry'Imikorere mu Gupima Imikorere no Gusuzuma Inzitizi
Isesengura ry’imikorere rishingiye ku makuru ryabaye ishingiro ryo gusuzuma imikorere myiza y’ibice binini mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
- Amakuru ajyanye n'ibikorwa bihoraho arasesengurwa kugira ngo harebwe uko amazi anyura mu mazi adafite amazi menshi, uko amazi akoreshwa mu kubara ingano y'amazi asohoka mu kirere, uko amazi asohoka mu kirere, n'uko amazi akoreshwa mu buryo burambye.
- Gupima ingano y’ibicuruzwa birimo kwemeza uburyo bwa Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ugereranije n’ibipimo byabonetse byo kugabanya amazi n’ingaruka zo kuyakuramo, kugaragaza imbogamizi nko guhinduka kw’ubucucike bw’ibiryo cyangwa gukoresha reagent nyinshi.
- Uburyo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bugaragaza imbogamizi mu mikorere, bugenzura igipimo cy'umusaruro uva mu mabuye, kandi bugahuza ibibazo byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro adafite aho ahuriye n'ihindagurika ry'amabuye y'agaciro yo mu kirere.
Ingero z'ingero zigaragaza ko nyuma y'igenzura ry'ibikorwa byibanzweho, inganda zabonye:
- Gutuza ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye nubwo hari itandukaniro mu byo kurya.
- Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya flocculant—igabanuka ryarenze 16% mu igenzura rinini.
- Igabanuka ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku kigero kirenga 18%, bigatuma habaho guhagarara guke mu kubungabunga no kongera igihe cyo gukora.
Ingamba zo kunoza ibikorwa: Gutunganya igipimo, gukuramo, n'uburyo bwo gukaraba
Kunoza inzira isubiramo ni ingenzi mu ngamba zo kurinda ubushyuhe n'imikorere myiza:
- Gupima Flocculant binozwa binyuze mu isuzuma rya laboratwari n'igerageza ryo mu murima, bihuza umuvuduko wo gusenyuka kw'amazi n'ubucucike bwa floc binyuze mu kunoza dose ya polyelectrolyte bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kongerera agaciro zinc ore.
- Igipimo cyo gukuramo amazi arenze urugero gihinduka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura ingano y'amazi hakoreshejwe pompe na sisitemu zo kugenzura zishingiye ku rugero. PID cyangwa uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiterere y'amazi buhuza ibitekerezo bya sensor—nk'amakuru ya Lonnmeter y'igihe nyacyo—kugira ngo hakomeze kuba ubwinshi bwiza bw'amazi arenze urugero.
- Uburyo bwo gukaraba bunozwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y’ibikoresho (adaptive controls) bukoresha uburyo bwo kumva ibintu bukoresheje sensor. Urugero, gahunda yo kubungabunga imiterere ya FSI na CFD-FEA hamwe n’uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere y’udukingirizo tw’udukingirizo. Ibi birinda ko udukingirizo twinshi cyangwa tugafatana, bigafasha mu gukora neza igihe kirekire.
Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere buri gihe bukubiyemo uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire:
- Igenzura ryateguwe ry'ibice bya mekanike na sisitemu zo kugenzura.
- Gupima ibikoresho biri mu murongo n'ibipimo by'ubucucike kugira ngo harebwe neza uburyo ibintu bikomeye bicungwa.
- Gusuzuma no kuvugurura sisitemu zo gukora ibyuma binini, guhuza amakuru ya sensor n'imikorere kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago by'impanuka.
Uburyo buhuriweho—igenzura, isesengura, n'igenzura ryimbitse—butuma uruganda rutunganya amabuye y'agaciro rukora neza, rugakoresha neza imikorere yarwo, kandi rugagabanya impanuka zihenze. Gukurikirana mu buryo bufatika no kunoza imiterere y’ubutaka bishyigikira kugarura umutungo kamere no kubungabunga amazi, bigakemura ibibazo byihariye by’ibirombe bya polymetallic lead na zinc.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukura amazi mu buryo bwiza no kunoza ubukungu
Kugereranya ubwinshi bw'amazi akoreshwa mu gukurura amazi n'ingufu n'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu ngamba zo gucukura amazi. Mu birombe bya polymetallic lead na zinc, gushyiraho intego zikwiye z'ubwinshi bw'amazi akoreshwa mu gukurura amazi ni ingenzi kuko bigena mu buryo butaziguye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukurura amazi n'ikoreshwa ry'amazi akoreshwa mu gukurura amazi. Gukurura amazi menshi cyane byongera ubukana bw'amazi n'umuvuduko w'umusaruro, byongera ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukurura amazi no kwangirika kw'imashini. Ku rundi ruhande, ubwinshi budakora neza butuma amazi akoreshwa cyane, bigasaba ko amazi akoreshwa mu gukurura amazi menshi n'ingano nyinshi z'ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe kugira ngo akomeze gutuza no gutunganya amazi neza. Uburyo bushingiye ku makuru, buhuza igenzura ry'imikorere ryihariye ry'inganda n'uburyo bwo kunoza, butuma hatoranywa neza intego zijyanye neza n'imbogamizi zo gutwara n'ibikoresho mu gihe bigabanyije ikiguzi rusange.
Imikorere mu nganda zikora amazi agomba gutuma amazi agaruka neza, akurikije umutekano, ubushobozi bwo kuyakoresha, n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuyabungabunga. Ku bikoresho bikoresha ubucucike bwinshi cyangwa ifu, kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kubara ikoreshwa rya flocculant no kunoza polyelectrolyte ni ngombwa. Gupima reagent, bihuzwa mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo bihinduke, bituma floc ikora neza nta gukabya cyane bityo birinda ikiguzi cyo gukora cyangwa kudakora neza. Ibikorwa bigezweho byishingikiriza kuri sisitemu zigezweho zo gukora thickener automation—ikoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buri hagati y’amazi (hamwe n’ibikoresho byizewe nkaIgipimo cy'ubucucike bw'inganda cya Lonnmeter) no kugenzura imiterere y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo buhoraho. Uku kugenzura neza inzira bituma ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro buhora buhindagurika kandi bigatuma habaho gusubiza vuba ku ihindagurika ry’imikorere, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kurenza urugero rw’amabuye y’agaciro, impanuka zo gufata amabuye y’agaciro, no gufata amabuye y’agaciro. Gutegura no kubungabunga imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro neza nabyo birakenewe kugira ngo hirindwe guhagarara no guhura n’ibibazo by’umutekano, cyane cyane ahantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi bwinshi.
Inyungu nyinshi zo kugenzura neza ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire ni ingenzi mu kunoza uruganda rutunganya amabuye y'agaciro no kunoza ingano y'amabuye y'agaciro ya zinc. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu buryo bufatika ku binyabutabire byinshi bya zinc bugaragaza ko gukurikirana ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire no kugenzura ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire bigamije gutuma amazi adatembera neza hagati ya 2-3% by'imiterere, aho amazi azigamwa 10-20% kandi ingufu zikoreshwa zikagabanuka kugeza kuri 15% mu gusohora ibinyabutabire. Uburyo bwiza bwo gupima ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire butuma umusaruro w'ibinyabutabire urushaho kwiyongera nta kibazo cy'umutekano cyangwa intego zo kugarura amazi. Uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bw'inyongera n'ubugenzuzi bw'inzobere butanga ibitekerezo by'igihe nyacyo ku bijyanye no kunoza ingano y'ibinyabutabire mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bushyigikira imicungire ikomeye y'ibinyabutabire no kugabanya imbogamizi mu mikorere. Ubwiyongere bw'amazi agarura amazi butuma amazi agabanuka mu mazi no mu miyoboro mito, bikongera iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'ibidukikije.
Gukurikirana neza ubwinshi bw'ibinyabiziga binini binini ntibituma gusa habaho ubwizigirwa mu mikorere ahubwo binagabanya amafaranga yose akoreshwa mu mikorere, bikongera inyungu mu mikorere. Igenzura ryikora rituma ihindagurika ry'ubucucike rigabanuka—bigatuma igipimo cyo gusohora amazi gihoraho, kongera gupimwa, no kongera gukoresha amazi mu mikorere kiyongera. Izi ngaruka zikwirakwira mu ngufu, reagent, n'ibiciro by'amazi, bikongera ubukungu bw'inganda zinini mu birombe bya polymetallic lead-zinc.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Ni iyihe nshingano y'ibanze y'icyuma gikonjesha mu nganda mu kirombe cy'amabuye y'agaciro ya polymetallic na zinc?
Imashini ikora nk'inganda mu kirombe cy'amabuye y'agaciro ya polymetallic lead-zinc itandukanya amazi n'ibintu bikomeye biri mu bishishwa byo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro. Akazi kayo k'ingenzi ni ugukoresha amazi menshi no kuyashyira hamwe binyuze mu gusya ibintu bikomeye. Amazi menshi ajya mu gusohora imyanda cyangwa kongera kuyabyaza umusaruro, mu gihe amazi menshi akoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda akongera gukoreshwa nk'amazi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ibi byongera imikorere myiza y'umutungo kandi bifasha kubahiriza imipaka yo gusohora imyanda ku bidukikije.
Ni gute kugenzura ubwinshi bw'amazi acucitse birinda impanuka zo gufatana kw'amatafari?
Gufatana kw'imashini zikora cyane bibaho iyo imbaraga z'imashini zikora cyane, bikongera imbaraga z'imashini zikora cyane. Kugenzura mu buryo bufatika imbaraga z'imashini zikora neza—hakoreshejwe ibipimo by'ubucucike kuri interineti na sisitemu zo gukora ibintu—bituma imbaraga z'imashini zidakora cyane, ibi bikaba bituma imbaraga z'imashini zikora neza. Ibi bifasha kwirinda kwangirika kwa mashini, gufata imashini zikora neza, no kudakora neza. Sisitemu zo kugenzura, nka PID controllers na frequency converters, zihindura neza umuvuduko w'imashini zikora neza kugira ngo zigumane ubucucike bwiza kandi hirindwe kuziba kw'imashini.
Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku mibare y'ingano ya flocculant mu mashini zigabanya ubushyuhe?
Igipimo cya Flocculant giterwa n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora:
- Imiterere y'ibiryo: Ingano y'ibintu bikomeye n'imiterere y'imyunyu ngugu ni byo bigena ingano y'ifu ikenewe kugira ngo uduce duhuzwe neza.
- Umuvuduko w'amazi atemba: Amazi menshi ashobora gusaba ko amazi atemba cyane kugira ngo amazi atemba vuba.
- Ubwinshi bw'amazi anyura mu kirere bukenewe: Ubucucike bw'ibikenewe bugira ingaruka ku mbaraga zo guteranya ndetse n'umuvuduko wo kuruhuka.
- Ubwoko bw'amabuye n'uruvange: Amabuye ya polymetallic (uruvange rwa lead-zinc) akora bitandukanye n'ibiryo by'amabuye y'agaciro rimwe.
- Ibisubizo by'igihe nyacyo: Ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha gupima ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa mu murongo kugira ngo bihindure ingano y'ibicuruzwa uko imiterere y'ibiryo ihinduka.
Gukoresha neza bikumira ko umushongi urenze urugero ukoreshwa, bishobora kugabanya ubucucike bw'umushongi urenze urugero kandi bikongera ikiguzi cya shimi. Kubara neza umushongi bisaba kugenzura neza umushongi n'ubucucike bw'umushongi, nka metero ebyiri z'ubucucike cyangwa sisitemu za FBRM.
Igenzura ry’imikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro ni iki kandi ni gute rifasha mu kunoza imikorere y’umubyimba?
Igenzura ry’imikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro risuzuma imikorere y’umubyimba mu buryo burambuye—risuzuma imikorere y’amazi, imikorere y’uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro, n’uburyo ibikoresho byizewe. Iri genzura rikoresha igenzura ry’ahantu n’ibikoresho byo gusesengura (urugero, XRF, XRD) kugira ngo hagaragazwe imikorere idahwitse, igenzura ribi, cyangwa ibibazo bya mekanike. Ibisubizo bigaragaza iterambere rishoboka: ubwinshi bw’amazi anyura munsi y’amazi, ingano nziza y’amazi asohoka, igabanuka ry’ikoreshwa ry’amazi anyura munsi y’amazi, no kunoza umutekano (kugabanya ibyago byo gufata amabuye y’agaciro). Igenzura rihoraho kandi rituma hakurikizwa amahame agenga kandi rigashyigikira ingamba zo kunoza uruganda rutunganya amabuye y’agaciro.
Kuki gupima ubucucike bw'imirongo ari ingenzi mu kugenzura ubucucike bwa polymetallic?
Gupima ubucucike bw'imirongo bitanga igenzura rihoraho kandi ryimbitse ry'ubwinshi bw'ibinure mu bintu bikomeye mu gice cyo hejuru. Ibipimo by'ubucucike byikora, nk'ibipimo bya "Lonnmeter", bitanga amakuru afatika kuri sisitemu zo kugenzura ibikorwa. Ibi bituma habaho guhindura vuba umuvuduko w'ipompo n'ingano y'amazi asohoka, bigatuma amazi anyura munsi y'amazi n'amazi asohoka. Sisitemu zo mu mirongo zitanga igisubizo cyihuse ku miterere y'ibiryo bihinduka, bikarinda umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi no kugabanya kwangirika kw'imashini. Ingaruka ni imikorere myiza, kunoza imikorere, no kugarura amazi neza, cyane cyane mu birombe bya polymetallic lead-zinc aho ihindagurika ry'ibiryo rikunze kugaragara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2025
