Dukoresheje urugero rwa sisitemu yo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere (FGD) y’uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rukoresha amakara, iri sesengura risuzuma ibibazo biri mu miterere y’amazi yanduye ya FGD isanzwe, nko gushushanya nabi no gutakaza ibikoresho byinshi. Binyuze mu kunoza no guhindura tekiniki inshuro nyinshi, ingano ikomeye y’amazi yanduye yaragabanutse, bituma sisitemu ikora neza kandi igabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha no kuyibungabunga. Hatanzwe ibisubizo n’inama bifatika, bitanga urufatiro rukomeye rwo kugera ku iherezo ry’amazi yanduye nta mazi asohoka mu gihe kizaza.
1. Incamake ya sisitemu
Inganda zikoresha amakara zikunze gukoresha uburyo bwa FGD bworoshye bwa limestone-gypsum, bukoresha limestone (CaCO₃) nk'uburyo bwo gukurura amazi. Ubu buryo nta kabuza butanga amazi mabi ya FGD. Muri iki gihe, sisitemu ebyiri za FGD zitose zisangiye igice kimwe cyo gutunganya amazi mabi. Isoko y'amazi mabi ni gypsum cyclone, itunganywa hakoreshejwe uburyo gakondo (systeme ya triple-tank) ifite ubushobozi bwa 22.8 t / h. Amazi mabi yavuwe anyuzwa mu kirere kilometero 6 ajyanwa aho ajugunywa kugira ngo afunze ivumbi.
2. Ibibazo by'ingenzi muri Sisitemu y'umwimerere
Agace k'imyanda gakoreshwa mu gupima imashini gakunze kuva cyangwa kananirwa, bigatuma imiti idakomeza gukoreshwa. Igipimo cyo gutsindwa cyane mu mashini zitunganya imashini zikoresha icyuma n'imashini zikoresha icyuma cyo gupima imashini cyatumaga amazi adakora neza cyatumaga akazi gasaba akazi kandi kikabangamira gukuraho imashini zikoresha icyuma, bigatuma amazi adakora neza mu bikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe.
Amazi yanduye, akomoka ku bwinshi bw’amazi ya gypsum storm, yari afite ubucucike bwa kg 1.040/m³ afite ingano ikomeye ya 3.7%. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku bushobozi bw’iyi sisitemu bwo gusohora amazi yavuwe buri gihe no kugenzura ingano ya iyoni yangiza mu cyuma gifata amazi.
3. Impinduka z'ibanze
Kunoza uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti:
Hashyizweho andi matangi y’imiti hejuru y’uburyo bwa triple-tank kugira ngo habeho ko doze ihoraho binyuze mu mbaraga z’uburemere, igenzurwa naIgipimo cyo gupima ibipimo kuri interineti.
Ibisubizo: Ubwiza bw'amazi bwari bukomeje kwiyongera, nubwo byari bikenewe ko amazi asukwa. Amazi yagabanutse kugeza kuri 200 m³, ibi bikaba bitari bihagije kugira ngo sisitemu ebyiri za FGD zikore neza. Ibiciro byo gupima byari hejuru, bingana na 12 CNY/toni.
Gukoresha amazi yanduye mu kugabanya ivumbi:
Hashyizweho pompe hasi ku cyuma gipima amazi kugira ngo yohereze igice cy'amazi yanduye mu byuma bisiga ivu aho hantu kugira ngo bivangwe kandi bihindurwemo ubushuhe.
Ibisubizo: Byagabanyije umuvuduko w'amazi aho yajugunywaga ariko byanatumye habaho umwanda mwinshi no kutubahiriza amabwiriza agenga imiyoboro.
4. Ingamba zo kunoza ubu
Hamwe n'amabwiriza akaze yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, byari ngombwa ko habaho kunoza kurushaho sisitemu.
4.1 Guhindura imiti no gukomeza kuyikoresha
Kugumana pH iri hagati ya 9-10 binyuze mu kongera ingano y'ibinyabutabire:
Ikoreshwa rya buri munsi: lime (45 kg), coagulants (75 kg), na flocculants.
Yemeza ko amazi meza yavuyemo metero 240 ku munsi nyuma y'imikorere y'igihe gito.
4.2 Guhindura uburyo bwo gukoresha ikigega cy'ubushyuhe bwihutirwa
Gukoresha kabiri ikigega cy'ubutabazi bwihutirwa:
Mu gihe cyo kuruhuka: Kubika ibintu bidafite ubushyuhe.
Mu gihe cyo gukora: Gutera amazi mu buryo bw'umwimerere kugira ngo amazi asukurwe neza.
Gutunganya:
Hiyongereyeho valves n'imiyoboro ku rwego rutandukanye rw'ikigega kugira ngo ibikorwa byoroshye bigende neza.
Gypsum yatembanywe n'amazi yasubijwe muri sisitemu kugira ngo ivanwemo amazi cyangwa ikoreshwe mu bundi buryo.
4.3 Impinduka muri sisitemu yose
Kugabanya uburemere bw'ibintu bikomeye mu mazi yanduye yinjira binyuze mu kohereza filtrate kuva kuri sisitemu zo gukura amazi mu mukandara w'amazi ujya mu kigega cy'amazi yanduye.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukurura amazi mu kirere binyuze mu kugabanya igihe cyo gutuza amazi mu buryo busanzwe binyuze mu gutanga imiti mu bigega byihutirwa.
5. Ibyiza byo gukoresha neza
Ubushobozi bwongerewe:
Gukomeza gukora no gusohora amazi mabi arenga metero 400 buri munsi.
Kugenzura neza ibyiciro bya iyoni mu cyuma gifata umwuka.
Ibikorwa byoroshye:
Byakuyeho gukenera imashini ikoresha icyuma gipima imiterere y'icyuma (plate-and-frame filter press).
Kugabanya akazi ko gutunganya imyanda.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo kwiringirwa na sisitemu:
Ubworoherane bwinshi mu ngengabihe yo gutunganya amazi yanduye.
Kwizerwa cyane kw'ibikoresho.
Kuzigama ikiguzi:
Imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima igabanuka ikaba indimu (1.4 kg/t), imiti igabanya ubushyuhe (0.1 kg/t), n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe (0.23 kg/t).
Igiciro cyo kuvura cyagabanutse kigera kuri 5.4 CNY/toni.
Kuzigama buri mwaka kwa CNY zigera kuri 948.000 mu giciro cya shimi.
Umwanzuro
Gukoresha neza sisitemu y'amazi yanduye ya FGD byatumye imikorere irushaho kuba myiza, ibiciro bigabanuka, no kubahiriza amahame akaze yo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Izi ngamba zikoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo ku sisitemu nk'izo zigamije kutagira amazi yanduye asohoka burundu no kurengera ibidukikije mu gihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-21-2025
