Gukurikirana ubwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo amabuye y'agaciro yakorwamo tungsten-molybdenum. Uburyo amabuye y'agaciro akorwamo bushingiye ku guhagarara kw'uduce duto tw'amabuye y'agaciro mu mazi, kandi ingano nyayo—ubwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro—bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibikorwa, ubwiza bw'umusaruro, n'imikorere myiza.
Uruhare mu gukwirakwiza neza amabuye ya Tungsten-Molybdenum
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukurura amabuye ya tungsten-molybdenum bushingiye ku kugumana ururenda mu rugero rwiza rw'ibipimo. Ibipimo byinshi byongera ubukana bw'ibice kandi bigira ingaruka mbi ku mikoranire y'ibice by'ubururu n'uduce tw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo amabuye y'agaciro atangire gutandukana, mu gihe ibipimo bike cyane bishobora gutuma habaho kugaruka nabi no kwiyongera kw'ibipimo. Uburyo bwo kugenzura bukorwa mu gihe nyacyo kandi neza, nk'ubukoreshaikoranabuhanga rya ultrasoundibyuma bipima, gutanga ibitekerezo bihoraho, bigatuma abakora bahindura ibipimo by'imikorere vuba. Ibi bifasha mu kongera kugarura amabuye y'agaciro y'agaciro no kwemeza ko imikorere ihamye y'ibikorwa byo mu mazi nko gukura amazi no kuyashongesha.
Kugenzura neza ingano y'ibinure bigira ingaruka ku mabwiriza yo gupima uburyo molybdenum igenda ihinduka, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku guhitamo gutandukanya ibintu no kudahinduka kw'ifuro. Urugero, ibipimo by'ubucucike bya Lonnmeter bishyirwa mu nganda nyinshi zigenda ihinduka kugira ngo bibe byagufasha kubona ibisubizo mu buryo buhoraho, bishyigikira igisubizo cyihuse ku mpinduka mu mikorere no ku guhindagurika kw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Ubutare bwa Tungsten-Molybdenum
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Ingaruka ku Ivugurura ry'Inzira zo Kuzenguruka no mu Mikorere Igana ku Munsi
Gukomeza ubwinshi bukwiye bw'ibinure ni ingenzi mu ngamba zo kunoza uburyo bwo kuzenguruka. Kwiyongera kw'ibinure mu buryo buhoraho bitera imbaraga ifuro ry'ibinure, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kugarura ubutare, kandi bigatuma habaho ihinduka ry'ingano y'ibinure mu gutunganya ubutare. Ibi bigabanya igihombo kuimirizokandi yongera amanota y’ingenzi y’uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu kirere—ibipimo by’ingenzi byerekana uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu kirere.
Byongeye kandi, ubwinshi bw'ibice by'amazi mu buryo buhamye byoroshya imiterere y'imiyoboro itwara ibintu bivanze n'uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu bivanze. Urugero, imiyoboro itwara ibintu bivanze n'amabuye y'agaciro ikorwa hashingiwe ku bwinshi bw'amazi yitezweho kugira ngo hirindwe kuziba no kwangirika gukabije. Gutunganya aho amazi yinjira mu kigega cy'amazi bishobokera iyo ubwinshi bw'amazi yinjira bugenzurwa neza kandi bukagenzurwa, bigagabanya ingaruka z'ubwiyongere bw'amazi zibangamira uburinganire bw'amazi mu bimera.
Inzira yo hasi, ikora nezaurusenda rw'amabuye y'agaciroUburyo bwo kuyungurura bushingiye ku gipimo cy’ibiryo by’inka gishobora gutegurwa. Ihindagurika ry’ibiryo rigora imikorere y’urufunguzo, bigira ingaruka ku buryo urufunguzo rusohoka, ubushuhe bw’ibitoki, n’umusaruro w’ibimera muri rusange. Gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura ibikomoka ku mabuye y’agaciro biroroha iyo ugenzuye neza ibikomoka ku mabuye y’inka.
Gukemura ikibazo cy’impamyabushobozi nyinshi z’amabuye y’agaciro n’imiterere igoye
Ubutare bwa tungsten-molybdenum bukunze kurangwa n'ubutare bwinshi n'ubutare bugoye cyane—harimo ibumba, silicates, na sulfides. Ubutare bwinshi buzana ibice bikomeye by'ibimera, bikongera imbogamizi mu gutwara ibimera no kubyaza umusaruro. Kuba hari kaolinite n'amabuye y'agaciro meza by'ibumba byongera cyane ubutare, bikabangamira kuvanga, bikagabanya guhitamo ibimera, kandi bigasaba ko habaho ivugurura rihoraho ry'ingano y'ibimera bijyaza mu byuma.
Bitewe n'ihindagurika, sisitemu zo gukurikirana zigomba kuba zisobanura impinduka zihuse mu miterere y'urusenda. Gusuzuma kenshi no guhindura ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika biba ngombwa mu mikorere y'amabuye y'agaciro afite ubwoko butandukanye bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Imikoranire iri hagati y'ingano y'uduce, ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro, n'ubwinshi bw'ibice bivuze ko kugenzura ubwinshi bw'urusenda mu gihe nyacyo atari igikoresho cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge gusa ahubwo ari ngombwa mu mikorere yo kunoza ibipimo bya mekanike, nko kwihuta kwa rotor n'igihe cy'aho uturemangingo tuba, no kuyobora ibikorwa bya shimi nko gutanga imiti igabanya ubushyuhe (urugero, sodium silicate) kugira ngo harwanywe ubwinshi bw'ibice.
Izi ngorane zishimangira uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa sisitemu zigezweho zikora mu gihe nyacyo mu gukomeza kugarura umusaruro mwinshi no gukora neza muri buri cyiciro cy'uruziga rw'amabuye ya tungsten-molybdenum.
Ibintu by'ibanze bya Tungsten-Molybdenum Flotation
Uburyo bwo gukurura molybdenum bushingiye ku kugarura molybdenite (MoS₂) mu buryo bwo guhitamo ikoreshwa rya molybdenite (MoS₂) mu mabuye y’agaciro akomeye nka sulfide y’umuringa-molybdenum. Mu buryo bwo gukurura molybdenum, gutandukanya ibintu bigerwaho hakoreshejwe imiterere itandukanye y’ubuso. Ibikusanyirizo nka thionocarbamate, butyl xanthate, na Reaflot byongerwamo kugira ngo molybdenite igire hydrophobic, bigatuma ifatana n’udusimba tw’umwuka turi kuzamuka. Udusimba (nk’umusemburo wa sodium dodecyl sulfate) dutuma habaho udusimba twiza kandi tugakomera, mu gihe imiti igabanya ubukana n’imihindukire bigabanya imyunyu ngugu idakenewe kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhitamo.
Guhindura imiterere y’ibintu mu buryo bwo guhitamo bikubiyemo inzira zikorwa mu byiciro. Ubwa mbere, ibyuma bivanze n’umuringa na molybdenum bitangwa, hanyuma molybdenum ikavugurura imiterere y’ibintu mu buryo bwo guhitamo molybdenite irekura chalcopyrite. Intambwe zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa hydrometallurgical, nka aside nitric leaching yo mu kirere, rimwe na rimwe zishyirwa hamwe nyuma yo guhindura imiterere y’ibintu mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo molybdenum ikoreshwe neza, igatanga umusaruro mwiza wo kugurisha.
Imyitwarire y'amabuye y'agaciro ya molybdenite na tungsten mu gihe cyo kuzura iterwa n'ubuhanga bwayo ku buso n'uburyo ikora ku buryo bwo kuzura. Molybdenite ifite imiterere karemano ituma habaho ubwiyongere bw'amazi mu mubiri, ibyo bikaba birushaho kwiyongera no gukusanya. Amabuye y'agaciro ya Tungsten—scheelite (CaWO₄) na wolframite ((Fe,Mn)WO₄)—agaragaza ubwiyongere buke bw'amazi mu buso, akenshi agasaba ubwiyongere bw'amazi kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kureremba. Aside irike (aside oleic, sodium oleate) ikomeje kuba ingenzi mu gukusanya sheelite, ariko guhitamo biragoye bitewe n'imiterere isa na kristalo n'amabuye y'agaciro nka calcite na fluorite. Imashini zikora ion mu byuma (nka sodium silicate na sodium sulfide) zikoreshwa mu guhindura ubwiyongere bw'amazi mu buso, zigatera imbere mu gukusanya ubwiyongere bw'amazi. Imashini zigabanya ubukana, harimo n'ibintu bidafite umwimerere (sodium silicate, sodium carbonate) na polymer (carboxymethyl cellulose), zigabanya ubwiyongere bw'amazi mu buso.
Kugarura uduce duto tw’amabuye y’agaciro nk’ikibazo gikomeye mu kuzura kw’amabuye y’agaciro ya tungsten-molybdenum. Uduce turi munsi ya 20 μm tugaragaza amahirwe make yo kugongana no gufatana n’udusimba, bigatuma ducika vuba mu gihe cy’ifuro rihindagurika. Ubushobozi bwo kugarura amabuye y’agaciro ya molybdenite na tungsten bugabanuka cyane ku bice by’agaciro gakomeye. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, ingamba zo kunoza imikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro zibanda ku bipimo by’imikorere—nk’uburyo bwo kunoza ingano y’ibice by’agaciro mu kuzura kw’amabuye y’agaciro, kubungabunga ubucucike bukwiye bw’amagufwa, no kunoza urujya n’uruza rw’umwuka n’umuvuduko wo guhindagurika kw’amazi. Udushya twa reagent nka emulsions zivanze zitanga umusaruro mwiza mu kuzura kw’amabuye y’agaciro mu bwoko butandukanye bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Itandukaniro mu gutandukanya rituruka ku bisa hagati y’amabuye y’agaciro ya tungsten n’ibyiciro bya gangue. Scheelite na calcite, cyangwa fluorite, bisangiye imiterere isa ya kristu n’imiterere y’ubuso, bikagira ingaruka mbi ku kuntu ibintu bihinduka. Uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura ingano y’amabuye y’agaciro mu gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro burimo gukoresha imiti mishya igabanya ihungabana n’imiti igabanya ihinduka kugira ngo hakorwe neza uburyo bwo guhitamo. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko imiti igabanya ihungabana ya polymer (urugero: carboxymethyl cellulose) ifasha mu kongera gukira mu gihe igabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti.
Muri make, uburyo bwiza bwo gukurura amabuye y’agaciro ya tungsten-molybdenum busaba kugenzura neza shimi y’ibinyabutabire, ubucucike bw’ibinure, n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imashini. Ubusumbane mu miterere y’ubuso bw’amabuye y’agaciro, imikoranire y’ibikusanya n’ibigabanya ubushyuhe, hamwe n’imbogamizi z’uduce duto bigira uruhare mu kunoza imikorere. Guhindura witonze amabwiriza yo gupima ibinyabutabire by’amabuye y’agaciro, guhuza uburyo bukomeye bwo kuyungurura amabuye y’agaciro, no kwita ku miterere y’imiyoboro itwara amabuye y’agaciro ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakomeze kuba urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubutare no gukemura ibibazo mu mikorere myiza y’ibinyabutabire by’amabuye y’agaciro.
Impinduka mu kugenzura imikorere zigira ingaruka ku kwibanda ku bintu
Ingaruka z'ihinduka ry'igipimo cya Reagent ku mikorere y'amazi n'uburyo amabuye y'agaciro atoranywa
Uburyo bwo gukurura molybdenum hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukurura tungsten-molybdenum ore bishingira ku ihinduka ry'ingano y'ibice bihindura umwuka kugira ngo hagerwe ku guhitamo neza no kugaruza umusaruro. Ibice bikunze gukurura, nka xanthates za molybdenum n'ibinyabutabire bya aside irike bya tungsten, bisaba guhindurwa neza. Gukurura ibice bigabanya guhitamo neza—bituma imyunyu ngugu idakenewe ireremba kandi ikanduza ingano. Ibice bigabanya urugero rw'ibice bigabanya ingano, nka sodium sulfide cyangwa sodium cyanide, ntibishobora gukumira umuringa n'indi myunyu ngugu ibangamira, bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo molybdenum mu miyoboro yo gutandukanya umuringa na molybdenum. Ibikoresho byo gukurura nk'aside hydroxamic birimo gukoreshwa cyane mu guhitamo neza, cyane cyane mu gukurura scheelite, ariko ikiguzi cyabyo n'uburyo bikoresha bisaba kugenzura neza ibipimo. Ibice bikurura ibyuma-organic byagaragaje ko binoza imikorere aho ibice bisanzwe bitagira ubushobozi, cyane cyane mu mabuye afite gangue nyinshi cyangwa zikungahaye kuri kalisiyumu. Uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima ibintu buhuza n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ibiryo by’amabuye mu gihe nyacyo—butuma habaho guhindura vuba uburyo amabuye ahinduka, kunoza uburyo bwo kugarura amabuye y’agaciro no gushyiramo imbaraga mu gipimo kimwe na buri cyiciro. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana iterambere rigaragara mu musaruro iyo amabwiriza yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima ibintu bihinduka acungwa neza bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ibiryo n’impinduka mu mikorere y’amazi. Ibyiciro byo gupima ibintu bikurikirana, hamwe n’ingamba zo gukoresha uburyo bwo kunoza uburyo bwo gupima hamwe n’uburyo pH ikoreshwa neza no guhitamo neza uburyo bwo gupima, bikomeza kunoza imikorere y’urusobe rw’amazi muri rusange.
Ingaruka zo kuzamuka k'ubutare ku miterere y'ubutare, guhagarara kw'ifuro, no kugarukana kw'amazi mu kirere
Ingano yo hejuru y’ubutare bw’amabuye y’agaciro yerekeza ku mabuye y’agaciro afite ingano ikomeye kandi afite utubumbe twinshi. Ibi byongera cyane ubutare bw’amabuye y’agaciro, bihindura imiterere ya rheological y’amabuye y’agaciro. Ubwinshi bw’ubutare bw’amabuye y’agaciro butuma icyuma gisubiranamo binyuze mu kugumana utubumbe twinshi tw’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butuje, ariko nanone byongera ibyago byo kwinjira mu mabuye y’agaciro, bigahungabanya ubuziranenge bw’ibice by’agaciro. Gukomera kw’ibice by’agaciro ni imikorere itaziguye ya rheology y’ibice by’agaciro by’agaciro—ibice by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro—ibice by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro. Gucunga imiterere y’ibice by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro ni ingenzi mu gutunganya neza inzira y’ibice by’amabuye y’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro by’agaciro, no kugenzura ko imiyoboro y’amazi y’agaciro ... Kugumana imiterere myiza y'urubura ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho ubwiyongere bw'amazi mu kirere, bifasha mu kudahungabana no kugabanya ingufu zisabwa. Gusesengura amakuru ajyanye no kuyungurura no gukabya imyuka bifasha mu gucunga ubucucike n'ubushuhe mu buryo bwiza bwo kuyakoresha mu gihe cyo kuyacukura.
Ingaruka z'ubwiza bw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isuku n'imicungire y'ibinure
Ubwiza bw'urusenda rw'amabuye y'agaciro ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kigena ubuziranenge bw'ibice by'agaciro mu kuzura kw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ubushuhe buke nyuma yo kuyungurura bugabanya uburyo amazi anyuramo, bigamura ubuziranenge bw'ibice by'agaciro kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu gushonga cyangwa gushonga. pH nziza y'ibice by'agaciro - yagaragaye ko iri hafi ya 6.8 mu buryo bukungahaye ku byuma ariko amahame asa nayo akoreshwa ku mabuye y'agaciro y'agaciro y'agaciro y'agaciro y'agaciro - igabanya ubushuhe bw'ibice by'agaciro kandi ikanoza imiterere yo kubikoresha. Ibintu nk'umuvuduko wo kuyungurura, igihe cyo kuzenguruka, n'ijanisha ry'ibice by'agaciro bihindurwa ku buryo bunoze hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura ibice by'agaciro. Iterambere mu gupima ubushuhe buto n'isesengura ry'imiterere (igice cy'ubusa, ubucucike bw'ibice by'agaciro) bikoreshwa mu kugenzura neza ubuziranenge, bigagabanya ibyago byo kuba amazi asigaye yabangamira itunganywa ry'ibice by'agaciro nyuma yo kubiyungurura. Kuyungurura nabi byongera ikiguzi cyo gutwara, byongera ibyago byo kurengera ibidukikije bitewe no gucunga amazi, kandi bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'ibice by'agaciro cyangwa imikorere y'ikigega cy'amazi. Gusukura neza ibicanwa ntibituma gusa ibicuruzwa bisukurwa neza, ahubwo binafasha mu kongerera ubwinshi bw'amazi, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kugarura amazi, kandi bigabanya ibibazo by'imikorere bifitanye isano n'udukingirizo tudakora neza.
Imbaraga zo kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi mu mazi, zirimo guhindura ingano y’ibice bitunganya amabuye y’agaciro, imiterere y’imiyoboro ijyanye n’ibice binini, no kunoza uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu kigega cy’amazi. Gushyira hamwe uburyo bwo kugenzura bugezweho—nk’uburyo bwa Lonnmeter sensor—bituma habaho imicungire ihoraho mu gihe nyacyo, bigatuma habaho ubwitonzi n’ubuziranenge mu gihe cyose cyo gukwirakwiza amazi mu mazi no kuyakoresha.
Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura uburyo ibintu bishyirwa mu kajagari
Gukurikirana neza ubwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo kuzenguruka kw'amabuye y'agaciro ya tungsten-molybdenum. Kugenzura ahantu hakomeye—kuva ku miyoboro itwara ibintu byinshi kugeza ku gice cyo gusohoreramo ikigega cy'amazi n'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura—bituma ibikorwa bihora bihamye, bipima neza uburyo bwo kugabanya ibintu, kandi bigasubiza amabuye y'agaciro neza. Hasi aha hari ibice by'ingenzi by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho hamwe n'ingamba nziza zo kuyakoresha.
Imirimo yo gutwara imiyoboro y'amazi ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi
Gutuza kw'ubwikorezi bw'ibinyabiziga mu miyoboro y'amazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho gutunganya neza ibinyabiziga byo mu mazi. Ihindagurika ry'ubwinshi bw'ibinyabiziga bishobora gutuma imiyoboro ifunga, kwangirika cyane, cyangwa kugabanya ingufu mu miyoboro. Kugira ngo ibi bikemuke, inganda zigezweho zitunganya ibinyabiziga zikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga mu murongo—cyane cyane zikoresha sensor za Lonnmeter. Ibi bipimo by'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo bituma ababikora bashobora:
- Hindura umuvuduko wa pompe n'umuvuduko w'amazi mu miyoboro mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo ijanisha ry'ibintu bikomeye by'ingenzi rikomeze.
- Haguruka umenye ibitagenda neza bishobora kugaragaza ko umuyoboro uhagaze, urimo gusya cyangwa ushyushye cyane.
- Gushyigikira ikwirakwizwa ry’ibinyabutabire mu buryo bwiza binyuze mu guhuza amakuru y’ubucucike n’uburyo bwo gupima bukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Gutwara ibintu bihamye binyuze mu miyoboro ikurikiranwa neza ni ingenzi mu gucunga neza ibintu bivanze kandi bigabanya ibibazo mu mikorere mu gice cyagutse cy’amazi, amaherezo byongera igipimo cyo kugarura tungsten na molybdenum.
Gukurikirana no Gutunganya Isoko ry'Ibigega by'Imodoka Bikoresha Buffer Tank
Ibigega bya buffer bikora nk'ibice by'ingenzi byo kuringaniza, bigabanya ihindagurika ry'ibiryo kandi bigatanga uburyo buhoraho bwo gukwirakwiza molybdenum. Ingamba z'ingenzi zo kugenzura aho ikigega cya buffer gisohokera zirimo:
- Gukurikirana buri gihe ubwinshi bw'urubura n'ubucucike bw'amazi (nanone, akenshi hakoreshejwe sensor za Lonnmeter).
- Guhindura ibyuma bisohora amazi cyangwa ipompo mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku bipimo by'igihe nyacyo kugira ngo ingano y'ibiryo ikomeze kugabanuka.
- Guhuza ibikoresho bitera imbaraga bikorera ku muvuduko mwiza, bigamije gutuma ibintu bikomeye bihagarara neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bitandukana cyangwa kwiyongera gutunguranye kw'ibice.
Gucunga neza ikigega cy’amazi gifasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yo gupima reagent ya flotation. Mu guhuza ibisohoka bya sensor na dynamic control loops, abakora muri iki kigega birinda ko dosing igabanuka cyangwa irenze urugero—ibintu bishobora kugabanya guhitamo cyangwa kugarura mu buryo bwo gupima tungsten-molybdenum ore.
Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gukora ubwikorezi hagati y’ibikoresho by’ubuhanga bya buffer tank n’ibikoresho bipima reagent bituma habaho uburinganire hagati y’ibice by’amazi n’uburyo bipima ingano y’ibice by’amazi, bigagabanya uburyo bwo gukora n’amakosa.
Isuzuma ry’imiterere y’isesengura ry’imiterere y’isesengura
Nyuma yo kuzura, inzira zo kuyungurura zigomba guhuzwa neza n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibinure. Kuyungurura neza bigena ubushyuhe bwa nyuma n'ubucucike bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gutunganya no ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura ibinure birimo:
- Gukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo ubwinshi bw'ibiryo n'ubucucike bw'ibiryo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho biri ku murongo.
- Gusuzuma ako kanya uburyo bwo kuyungurura kugira ngo hakorwe ingamba zo gukosora (urugero, guhindura igihe cy'izunguruka cyangwa igihe cy'izunguruka).
- Guhuza sisitemu zo kugenzura kuyungurura no kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amazi, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu buryo bw'ubuhanuzi kugira ngo habeho impinduka mu miterere y'ibiryo.
Isuzumabumenyi rihuriweho rifasha gukemura ibibazo byo kuzamuka kw'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe cyo kuzura, rikongera uburyo bwo gutakaza amazi mu gihe ribungabunga ubwiza bw'amazi. Uburyo bugezweho—nk'uburyo bwo gukuramo amazi mu bidukikije—bugaragaza ko kubungabunga ingano y'amazi mu buryo bworoshye bituma habaho imiterere y'amazi mu buryo bwo gushonga, bigatuma molybdenum yongera kuzamuka no gutakaza tungsten cyane.
Urugero rw'Imikorere
- Uduce tw'amabuye y'agaciro dusohoka mu turemangingo tw'amazi tugana mu bigega by'amazi.
- Ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter bihora bigenzura ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga mu gice cyo gusohokeramo ikigega cy'amazi.
- Gupima no gutera umuti mu buryo bwikora bisubiza mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo bigumane ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye.
- Urusenda ruhamye runyura mu muyoboro w’amazi, hamwe n’amakuru y’ubucucike bw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo atuma habaho impinduka zihuse.
- Mu gihe cyo kuyungurura, kugenzura umurongo w’amazi bifasha kumenya vuba aho ibintu bitandukaniye n’aho byatangiye, bigatuma amazi akurwa neza.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa igenzura ryimbitse kuri izi ngingo z'ingenzi, inganda zigabanya uburyo bwo guhinduranya uburyo bwo gukora, zikongera ingamba zo kunoza uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bihindagurika, kandi zigashimangira ko umusaruro uhoraho mu gice cyose cy’urusobe rw’ibintu bihindagurika bya tungsten-molybdenum.
Ibikoresho byo gutunganya Molybdenum Flotation
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Ubuhanga n'Ibikoresho byo Gupima Ibipimo By'Ubwinshi Bw'Ibintu mu Buryo Bw'Inyakuri
Gukurikirana neza ubwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu icupa rya tungsten-molybdenum ni inkingi ikomeye yo kunoza imikorere y'icupa rya tungsten-molybdenum ndetse n'umuvuduko wo kugarura ubuziranenge. Guhitamo no gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye, uburyo bwo gutegura ingero, n'ingamba zo guhuza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza inzira.
Amahitamo yo Gukoresha Ibikoresho n'Ibikoresho Bipima Ibikoresho kuri Interineti
Ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ritanga uburyo bwo gupima mu buryo nyabwo ubwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya tungsten-molybdenum:
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Coriolisbitanga ibipimo byimbitse kandi birambuye by’uburemere bw’amazi n’ubucucike bw’amazi. Uko amazi anyura mu miyoboro yayo ihindagurika, impinduka z’ibyiciro zihindurwamo amakuru y’ubucucike bw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo. Ibi bipimo birakomeye mu guhangana n’impinduka mu bushyuhe n’umutwaro w’uduce, bikaba ari ingenzi ku miterere ihindagurika y’imikorere ya molybdenum flotation. Akamaro k’ibanze ni ukubera ko ari inyangamugayo, ndetse no ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ubutare, bikaba ari ingenzi mu kubungabunga imikorere ihamye y’amazi no guhindura neza ingano y’ibice bitanga umusaruro. Ariko, ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho no kubungabunga gishobora kuba kinini kuruta ibindi.
Ibikoresho bya UltrasonicGutanga igenzura rikomeye kandi ritabangamira ibidukikije binyuze mu gupima igihe bifata kugira ngo imiraba ya ultrasound inyure mu ruhererekane rw'amazi, bigasobanura ko ingano y'amazi n'ubucucike bw'amazi. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane aho kuziba no gushwanyagurika ari ikibazo cy'imikorere cyangwa aho igihe cyo kuruhuka kenshi mu kubungabunga kitemewe. Nubwo bitajyanye neza n'ubwinshi bw'amazi nk'uko Coriolis metre zipima, ibyuma bipima amashanyarazi bishobora kuba byiza iyo hashyizwe imbere igisubizo cyihuse n'ubudahangarwa buke.
LonnmeterIbikoresho byo Gupima Ubwinshi bw'Uduce dutoKoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya ultrasonic mu gukurikirana ubucucike bw'amazi. Izi sensors zihuzwa na sisitemu zo kugenzura ibikorwa kugira ngo zibone ibisubizo byihuse, zigatuma habaho kunoza buri gihe ibipimo byo kuzenguruka, harimo no guhindura aho amazi asohoka mu tangi ya buffer n'umuvuduko w'amazi asohoka mu miyoboro ya concentrate. Ibimenyetso by'aho amazi aturuka bigaragaza ko isesengura ry'ukuri rya sensors za Lonnmeter rishyigikira neza ingamba zo kunoza inzira yo kuzenguruka, rinoza uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu bya concentrate, kandi rigagabanya ihindagurika ry'uburyo ibintu bihindagurika.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira hamwe mu gutunganya imiterere y'amazi
Gushyira hamwe neza uburyo bwo kugenzura uko ibintu bihagaze mu miyoboro ya flotation byongera imikorere:
Guhuza sensor hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa:Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Inline sensors, nk'ibyo muri Lonnmeter, bigomba guhuzwa mu buryo butaziguye na sisitemu zo kugenzura zikwirakwizwa (DCS) cyangwa ibyuma bigenzura imiterere y'ibintu (PLCs). Ibi bituma amakuru y'igihe nyacyo ahindura mu buryo bwikora amabwiriza yo gupima reagent flotation, intego za pH, igipimo cy'umwuka, n'ibindi bipimo by'ingenzi—bigakora uburyo bwo kugenzura bufunze kugira ngo habeho igisubizo cyihuse cy'imikorere. Abakoresha bagomba gukoresha moderi zoroshye zo kugenzura, nka LSTM neural networks, nk'urwego rwo kugenzura rwihariye kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa mu bihe bigoye cyangwa bihinduka vuba by'ibimera.
Amabwiriza yo Gutanga Ingero:Uburyo buhoraho bwo gukusanya no gucunga ingero bugomba gushyirwaho kandi bwemejwe kugira ngo harebwe ko amakuru akoreshwa kuri interineti n'ibyavuye muri laboratwari bifitanye isano. Ibi birimo igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro yo kohereza ibintu bivanze kugira ngo hagabanywe uturere twapfuye no kwemeza ko ibipimo bivangwa, ndetse no kunoza aho ikigega cy'amazi gisohoka kugira ngo habeho guhindagurika kw'amazi kugira ngo akoreshwe mu isesengura ryo hasi.
Gutunganya no kubungabunga:Gusuzuma buri gihe ukurikije uburyo bwizewe bwo muri laboratwari, hamwe no kugenzura uburyo bwo guhindagurika kw'amazi, ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge n'ubudahinduka. Uburyo bwo kubungabunga bugomba guhuza n'ibikoresho byatoranijwe—ibipimo bya Coriolis bisaba gusukurwa buri gihe, mu gihe ibipimo bya ultrasound na Lonnmeter inlines bigira uruhare mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bisanzwe no kugenzura isuku y'amazi.
Ibisubizo by'amakuru ku bijyanye no kunoza Reagent:Sisitemu zose zo gupima mu gihe nyacyo zigomba kwinjira mu buryo butaziguye muri algorithms cyangwa amabwiriza agenga imikorere yo kunoza ingano y’ibinyabutabire mu gihe cyo gukurura. Ibi binongera uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo gukurura molybdenum no gukoresha neza umutungo, mu gihe bigabanya ikiguzi n’ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Mu gukoresha neza izi mashini n'ubuhanga bwo gukurikirana, abatunganya amabuye y'agaciro bashobora gukemura ibibazo byo kuzamuka kw'amabuye y'agaciro no gukomeza gukora neza no mu buryo bwiza mu miterere itandukanye y'ibiryo n'imiterere y'umubiri w'amabuye y'agaciro.
Ingamba zo kunoza inzira yo kuzenguruka
Guhindura ingano y’ibice bikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo kuzenguruka amabuye y’agaciro ya tungsten-molybdenum. Ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro—nk’urugero rw’ubutare, ikwirakwizwa ry’ingano y’ibinyampeke, n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bwa gangue—bisaba amabwiriza yo gupima imiterere y’ibice bikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro ashingiye ku makuru. Uburyo bwagaragaye burimo gufata ingero zihoraho no gukosora ingano y’ibice bishingiye ku bipimo by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu gihe nyacyo, aho ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter bitanga ibitekerezo byihuse. Urugero, iyo imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro yiyongera, ingano z’ibice bikoreshwa mu gukusanya akenshi zisaba guhindurwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo zihuze no kugabanuka kw’ubucukuzi no kugumana ubuziranenge bw’ifuro. Uburyo bwo gusubiza imiterere y’ubuso bukoreshwa mu gupima imikoranire y’ibice bikoreshwa mu gupima imikoranire y’ibice bikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro no guhanura umusaruro wo gukuramo, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura imiterere y’ibice bikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ingamba zo kugenzura zigezweho zikoresha amakuru y’imikorere ya multivariate, zikoresha sensors zo kuri interineti za Lonnmeter kugira ngo zikore neza. Ku mabuye afite ubutare bwinshi, gupima dosage ikoreshwa na sensor kenshi birwanya pH ihinduka na solid-to-liquid ratios, bigabanye igihombo cy’amabuye y’agaciro. Mu gihe cy’ubuhanga bwo gukurura ifuro rya molybdenum, guhuza ubwoko bw’ifatizo n’uburyo bwo gukurura ifuro mu gutunganya mineralogy—bishyigikiwe no kugenzura mu buryo burambuye—bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’impamyabushobozi n’igipimo cyo kugarura ifu. Urugero rufatika ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo buhuriweho, nk’imiti ivanze ishingiye ku binyabuzima, ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye iyo amabuye y’agaciro nka fluorite yiyongera, nk’uko isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuso ribigaragaza.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo kugarura utunyangingo tw’amabuye y’agaciro biracyari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu buryo bwo kuzura utwo duce tw’amabuye y’agaciro ya tungsten-molybdenum. Kuzura utwo duce tw’amabuye y’agaciro akenshi ntibihagije ku tunyangingo twa tungsten na molybdenite duto n’utw’indobanure. Kuzura utwo duce tw’amavuta y’agaciro (OAF) bitanga igisubizo kigezweho, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima no gukurura amavuta kugira ngo bikusanyirize hamwe amande no kongera ubushobozi bwo kureremba. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana akamaro ko kunoza ibipimo bya OAF mu mikorere—ingano y’amavuta, ingano y’utunyangingo, n’ubukana bw’ingufu—kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwo kugarura utwo duce tw’amabuye y’agaciro mu nganda no mu biryo by’ibiribwa. Urugero, OAF yongereye igipimo cyo kugarura utwo duce tw’agaciro twa molybdenite binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y’amavuta n’ibinure no gukoresha uburyo bwo kongeramo ibintu bigenzurwa, biruta kuzura utwo duce tw’agaciro tw’icyuma n’ibinyabuzima kuri ubu buryo bw’ingano y’utunyangingo.
Igenzura ry’imikorere rigomba guhuza igenzura rikomeye n’ibikorwa bigamije kugabanya igihombo cy’umunyungugu no kongera amanota. Gukurikirana buri gihe uburyo bwo gupima mu gihe nyacyo hakoreshejwe sensor za Lonnmeter ku duce tw’ingenzi, nko mu duce duto tw’amazi duto n’aho imiyoboro ihurira, bituma habaho guhindura vuba uburyo bwo gupima no guhindura amazi. Ibice by’umunyungugu biri hejuru mu muyoboro bishobora gutera impinduka mu buryo bwikora mu gipimo cy’amazi anyura mu kirere, imbaraga zo gukurura amazi, cyangwa uburyo bwo gukusanya no gutinda. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu bivanze, harimo n’imiterere y’imiyoboro kugira ngo bigabanye uburyo amazi anyuramo kandi binoze umuvuduko w’amazi, birusheho guteza imbere uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu bivanze mu buryo bwo hejuru kandi butagabanyije igihombo.
Uburyo bwo kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro burimo uburyo bwo kongera uburyo ibintu bihagaze neza no kunoza ubwiza bw'ibice by'amabuye y'agaciro. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro burimo guhitamo uburyo bwo kuyungurura amazi bujyanye n'ubutare, uburyo ibiryo bihorana, n'ubushuhe bwifuzwa. Kuyungurura neza ntibituma ibiryo bijya mu mazi gusa, ahubwo binafasha mu gupima reagents mu buryo buhoraho no gukumira ibibazo by'imikorere bitewe n'imitwaro y'ibintu bikomeye ihindagurika.
Guhuza uburyo bwo gukora reagents neza, kugenzura ibikorwa bigezweho—harimo no kugenzura mu buryo bwihuse Lonnmeter—hamwe n’impinduka mu mikorere bitanga iterambere rirambye mu mikorere ya tungsten-molybdenum flotation circuit. Reagents zatoranijwe hamwe na protocole zo kugenzura hamwe byongera igipimo cyo kugarura, byongera amanota y’ibice, kandi bikagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije n’ikiguzi cy’ibice muri fertures zihinduka z’amabuye y’agaciro.
Kongera imikorere ihoraho: Gutwara no kuyungurura
Gutwara no kuyungurura neza ibintu bivanze ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo kuzenguruka kw'amazi ya molybdenum. Gushushanya no gukoresha neza imiyoboro ivanze ibintu bigabanya inzitizi no gukomeza kohereza ibintu mu buryo buhoraho. Ibikorwa by'ingenzi birimo gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya ihungabana mu bice byangiritse cyane no gupima imiyoboro kugira ngo ihuze n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bivanze n'umuvuduko w'amazi, gukumira ko amazi ahagarara cyangwa agatangira gufunga. Igenzura rihoraho no gusukura rifasha mu kumenya no gukuraho inzitizi, mu gihe gukurikirana buri gihe itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mu bice by'imiyoboro bitanga umuburo hakiri kare ku mazi cyangwa ubwinshi bw'amazi, bifasha gutwara ibintu mu buryo butunguranye.
Imiterere y'aho amazi asohokera bigira uruhare runini mu gutuma amazi asohokera mu buryo bwo kuyasukura ahagarara neza. Ibigega bigomba gushyiramo uburyo bwo kuyahagarika, nk'ibikoresho bishyiraho uburyo bwo kuyatera imbaraga bifite imiterere y'ingufu ihinduka, kugira ngo ibice bikomeze gukwirakwira neza, nubwo urwego rw'ibigega ruhinduka mu gihe cyo gukora. Aho amazi asohokera neza hashingira ku kugumana "umuvuduko wo kuyihagarika" n'uburebure bw'ibicu, kugabanya ibice bihagarara no kwirinda umuvuduko uhindagurika w'amazi. Imiterere y'imbere n'imiterere y'amazi meza byemeza ko amazi asohokera mu buryo bugenzurwa kandi buhamye, kugabanya ubwivumbagatanye no gushyigikira imikorere yo hasi. Imiterere igomba kuzirikana imyitwarire itari iya Newtonian yo gukoresha amabuye menshi, kandi gukoresha udusanduku two gukwirakwiza amazi dufite hydraulic independent kugira ngo amazi asohoke menshi birushaho kuba byiza.
Iyo ubutare bugeze ku kuyungurura, guhitamo ikoranabuhanga bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'ubutare n'ubucucike. Uburyo bwo kuyungurura umuvuduko—nk'ubucucike bwa plate-and-frame na membrane plate—ni bwiza cyane mu kugera ku bushyuhe buke. Muri ubu buryo, ubutare bushyirwa mu byuma biyungurura umuvuduko hakoreshejwe igitutu gishyirwamo, bigakora agace. Ibyuma bishya bigabanya ubushyuhe mu byuma biyungurura umuvuduko kugira ngo bikubite kabiri, bisohora amazi menshi kandi bigakora ubushyuhe bwumye kandi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bwiza cyane ku buryo bwo gukurura tungsten-molybdenum. Ubu bucucike bufite uburyo bwo kugabanya igihe cyo gusimbuka, umusaruro mwinshi, no koza no gufata amasahani mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo birusheho kuba inyangamugayo no kugabanya ubuziranenge.
Gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe icyuma gishyushya amazi, gikoreshwa cyane kubera ko cyoroshye, gikoresha icyuma gishyushya amazi kugira ngo gikure amazi mu gitaka, bigatuma amazi asigara neza. Nubwo bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo budasaba imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa aho nta mbogamizi zikomeye z'amazi zisabwa, sisitemu zo gusukura amazi muri rusange zisaba intambwe zo kumisha amazi nyuma yo gusukura amazi. Mu bikorwa bigezweho, uburyo bukoreshwa mu byiciro byinshi ni ubusanzwe—gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe icyuma gishyushya amazi, hagakurikiraho gusukura igitutu cyangwa gukamisha ubushyuhe—kuringaniza uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu, no gukoresha neza ingufu.
Igenzura ryikora ku buryo bwikora rifasha mu ngamba zo kunoza uburyo bwo kuzenguruka, cyane cyane mu kugenzura ubushuhe n'uburyo bwo kunyuramo. Sisitemu zo gupima ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo nka Lonnmeter zipima ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'amazi, zigahuza n'uburyo bwo kuyungurura kugira ngo zihindure ubucucike bw'amazi anyura munsi y'amazi n'uburyo akoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe. Izi sisitemu zagaragaje ko ibikoresho byizewe, zagabanyije ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe, kandi zigakumira uburyo butari buteganijwe bwo kubangamira uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro n'ibirombe bya lead-zinc. Igenzura ryikora rifasha mu buryo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu bivanze no kunoza uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu mato, rigatuma sisitemu zo hasi zigumana urwego rwiza rw'imikorere.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura busaba guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyungurura kugira ngo habeho imiterere y’ibice bito n’ibikenewe mu gice cyo hasi. Ku bice bito bya tungsten na molybdenum, imashini zikoresha membrane plate zifite umuvuduko mwinshi zitanga ubushuhe buke bushoboka kandi zigakoresha igihe gito cyo kuzitwara no kuzitunganya, zigafasha mu gutwara no kuzitunganya. Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bwikora n’ibice bito biramba kandi bidashira bifasha kongera igihe cyo gukora no gutanga umusaruro. Isuzuma rihoraho ry’imiterere y’imiyoboro n’ikigega cy’ubuhumekero, hamwe no kugenzura uburyo bwikora, bishyigikira mu buryo butaziguye uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura no gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro, bigamije kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubwiza buri hejuru kandi ko bikora neza mu gice cyo hasi.
Ibigomba kwitabwaho ku bidukikije no ku mikorere
Ubucukuzi bwinshi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu miyoboro y'amazi itera imbogamizi zikomeye ku buryo ibintu biramba, cyane cyane mu gihe molybdenum igenda ihinduka. Ingufu nyinshi za iyoni mu mazi akoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi zihindura imiterere y'ubuso bw'amabuye y'agaciro kandi zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'abakusanya n'abagabanya ubukana. Urugero, sodium metabisulfite igabanya chalcocite mu buryo bwihariye mu gihe yongera molybdenite, nubwo ubwiyongere bwa iyoni bubangamira uburyo bwo guhitamo reagent no kudahinduka kw'imikorere muri rusange. Guhuza sodium metabisulfite n'abakusanya thionocarbamate akenshi bitanga uburyo bwo guhitamo neza no gusubiza molybdenum mu buryo bugoye bwo gushyiramo tungsten-molybdenum ore, iyo amazi agenzuwe neza.
Kugenzura ibidukikije hifashishijwe amabuye y'agaciro akomeye byibanda ku kugabanya ikorwa rya aside no gushonga kw'ibyuma biremereye mu myanda. Amasezerano yo gutunganya amazi nko guhumeka no gushonga kwa Fenton bigabanya neza ubwinshi bw'umwuka wa ogisijeni (COD), bishyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga ibidukikije no kugabanya ibyago byo gusohora ibyuma biremereye. Nubwo bifite akamaro, izi nzira zigezweho zo gushonga ziracyari nke mu nganda bitewe n'ibiciro n'uburemere bw'imikorere.
Gucunga uburinganire bw'amazi ni imbogamizi ihoraho mu mikorere y'amazi anyura mu mazi. Gukoresha amazi kenshi, bikenewe kugira ngo amazi akomeze kuba meza mu turere dufite amazi make, bituma habaho kwiyongera kw'iyoni n'ibisigazwa by'amazi bisigara - ibi bigira ingaruka mbi ku butumburuke bw'ifuro n'imikorere y'ihungabana. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora burimo gukurikirana ihindagurika ry'ibihe n'imiterere y'amazi mu mikorere y'amazi no gutangiza uburyo bwo kuyayungurura, nko gusesengura imiterere y'amazi n'iy'amazi. Gutunganya uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu kigega ni ingenzi kugira ngo igihe cyo guturamo amazi gihamye, kugabanya ingaruka z'ubwiyongere bw'amazi, no kubungabunga imiterere ihoraho y'ibisigazwa n'ibisigazwa by'amazi.
Kunoza ingano y’ibice bihindura umwuka mu gihe cyo kuzura ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gufata ibinure birimo amabuye menshi. Gupima neza ibice bigabanya umwuka, ibikusanya, na pH bituma habaho gutandukanya neza amabuye y’agaciro kandi bigabanya ingano y’amazi mu miyoboro no mu bigega by’amazi. Urugero, gukoresha BK511 nk'umuti ugabanya umwuka byagaragaje ko molybdenum concentrate yazamutse kandi koroherwa n’amazi ugereranije na sodium hydrosulfide isanzwe, mu gihe bigabanya ibyago byo gupima no kuziba imiyoboro. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu bigabanya umwuka, hamwe n’imiyoboro itwara ibintu bigabanya umwuka, birushaho gushyigikira urujya n’uruza rw’amazi kandi byoroshya kubungabunga.
Gufata ibinure bigomba gukemura ubukana, ubukana, n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye biterwa no kwiyongera k'ubutare. Uburyo bwo kuyungurura ibinure—nk'ubucukuzi bw'umuvuduko no gusuzuma imiyoboro mito—butoranywa hashingiwe ku bunini bw'uduce, ingano y'ubutare, n'ubuziranenge bw'ibinure. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura ibinure burimo kuyungurura mu byiciro kugira ngo birusheho kugaruka neza no kugabanya ubwandu bw'ibinure, birinde imikorere y'amazi yo hasi n'ubwiza bw'amazi.
Amabwiriza yo gupima ibipimo by’ibice bihindura imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro asaba ko habaho gupima no guhindura kenshi hashingiwe ku miterere y’amabuye y’agaciro n’amakuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo. Gukurikirana buri gihe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nyabyo nka Lonnmeter bituma habaho impinduka ku gihe mu mikorere y’ibice bihindura imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro, bigafasha mu kubungabunga uburyo bwiza bwo kuyatandukanya no gushyigikira ibidukikije. Ingero z’inganda ziciriritse zikora ibice bihindura imiterere y’amazi zigaragaza ko ibice bihindura imiterere y’amazi n’imicungire y’amazi, bihuye n’ibibazo by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, bihora binoza umusaruro w’ibice bihindura imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro kandi bikagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Amabwiriza Afatika ku Bakozi b'Uruganda n'Abahanga mu by'Indangagaciro
Urutonde rw'intambwe ku yindi rwo kugenzura ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura
Inganda zitunganya amabuye ya tungsten-molybdenum zikoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo kuyagenzura ahantu hagomba gufatwa ingamba. Koresha uru rutonde rw'ibipimo kugira ngo ukurikirane neza imiyoboro y'amazi, ibigega by'amazi, n'ibyiciro byo kuyayungurura:
Aho kugenzura imiyoboro
- Genzura aho amazi anyura, aho asohokera, n'aho ahengamiye kugira ngo hatagira ikiyihungabanya.
- Genzura ubucucike, umuvuduko, n'ijanisha ry'ibintu bikomeye ukoresheje sensors ziri ku murongo. Emeza imiterere y'ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter kugira ngo urebe ko bihuye.
- Gukurikirana niba umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuka ku buryo budasanzwe, bigaragaza ko hashobora kubaho kuziba cyangwa kwangirika gukabije.
- Shyira mu bikorwa igenzura rya buri gihe ry'imiyoboro kandi ubike inyandiko zerekana imikorere y'ipompo na valve.
Ahantu ho kugenzura ikigega cy'amazi (buffer tank)
- Emeza umuvuduko w'ingufu n'imiterere y'ingufu kugira ngo ukomeze guhagarikwa no kuba umwe.
- Gupima ingano y'ibice by'amazi; komeza ingano y'ibice by'amazi mu rugero rwagenwe kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi agwa cyangwa ngo yuzure.
- Kora isuzuma kandi usuzume ubucucike bw'ibinure buri gihe kugira ngo umenye ubucucike bw'ibinure. Koresha ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter kugira ngo umenye ubucucike bw'ibinure mu gihe nyacyo.
- Suzuma igihe cyo gutura ugenzura igipimo cy'amazi asohoka n'urwego rw'imikorere.
Ingingo zo kugenzura intambwe zo kuyungurura
- Suzuma uko amazi yinjira ahagaze ku ruhushya; ongera uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga amazi yo mu kirere kugira ngo ugabanye ihindagurika ry'amazi.
- Genzura ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura n'umuvuduko utandukanye mu bikoresho byo kuyungurura.
- Emeza neza aho amazi asohoka mu cyuma gishyushya kandi urebe neza aho amazi asohoka; hindura aho akoreshwa niba hagaragaye ko hari ubushuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.
- Teganya uburyo bwo kwirinda ibyuma biyungurura kandi ukemure vuba ibibazo byo gufunga cyangwa kuziba keke.
Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byo kwibanda ku bintu bitose
Igisubizo gikwiye kigabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka kandi kikarinda imikorere ya flotation:
Gushyira mu gaciro cyane
- Genzura aho amazi yongerwa; gabanya uburyo amazi yinjiramo niba ubucucike bw'amazi buri munsi y'umurongo wagenwe kugira ngo amazi agende neza.
- Reba uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibipimo (cyane cyane Lonnmeter) hanyuma urebe neza ukoresheje ingero zakozwe n'intoki.
- Hindura uburyo bwo gukurura ikigega cy'amazi kugira ngo ugabanye ahantu hashobora kuvanga ibintu bitangana.
Kudahuza kw'ibisubizo
- Suzuma ibikoresho byo gupima no kugereranya inyongera nyayo y’ibinyabutabire ugereranije n’ibipimo byashyizweho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kunoza ingano y’ibinyabutabire mu gihe cyo kuzura kw’ibinyabutabire.
- Genzura imiterere y'ifu n'umuvuduko wo kugarura ifu ukoresheje tekiniki za molybdenum froth flotation; ubusumbane bukunze kugaragara nk'uburyo budakwiye bwo guhitamo.
- Hindura uburyo bwo guhindura amakuru mu buryo bufatika aho ibitekerezo byo kuri interineti bikwemerera; andika ibikorwa byo gukosora.
Gupfuka amafishi mu byuma biyungurura
- Suzuma uburyo bwo gutegura urusenda rwo hejuru ukoresheje uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura urusenda rw'amabuye y'agaciro. Amanota menshi cyangwa ubutare bwinshi bishobora gutuma urusenda rufunga.
- Gusukura inyuma mu gihe gito; genzura imyanda cyangwa imiti yangiza.
- Hindura igipimo cy'ibiryo cyangwa uhindure igipimo cya flocculant/frother kugira ngo wirinde guhumeka vuba.
Guhindura Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Uburyo bwo Kuzenguruka mu Ihindagurika ry'Imiterere
Ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro ahinduka n'imiterere y'ibiryo bisaba ko habaho ivugurura ry'imikorere:
- Gukurikirana buri gihe ingano n'ubucucike bw'ibiryo by'inganda; kuvugurura imibare ya hydraulic n'uburyo bwo gutwara imiyoboro kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu bivanze mu gihe hagiye gushyirwaho amabuye mashya.
- Hindura ingamba zo kunoza aho amazi asohoka mu tangi ry’amazi akoreshwa mu buryo bunoze binyuze mu kuvugurura umuvuduko w’amazi akoreshwa mu ruganda n’ingano y’amazi akoreshwa mu ruganda uko urugero rw’amazi akoreshwa mu ruganda ruhinduka.
- Genzura imiterere y'uturemangingo tw'amazi mu mazi kugira ngo urebe ibimenyetso by'uko hari imbogamizi nyinshi ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro; gabanya ingano cyangwa uhindure imvange y'ibinyabutabire kugira ngo wihuze n'imiterere ikomeye y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
- Koresha amabwiriza agenga uburyo bwo gupima reagent hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ibitekerezo, uhindure igipimo cy'uburyo bwo gupima bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ibiryo kugira ngo imikorere ya flotation ihamye ihore ihamye.
- Fatanya n'abahanga mu by'inganda kugira ngo bahindure uburyo bwo gushushanya imiyoboro y'amazi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga igihe cyose impinduka mu miyoboro y'amazi zibangamiye imiterere y'amazi cyangwa umuvuduko w'amazi.
- Andika ibikorwa byose byo kunoza, uhuze impinduka mu mikorere n'umusaruro w'ihindagurika ry'ingufu, kugarura umusaruro, no guhagarara neza mu mikorere kugira ngo ukomeze kunoza.
Inama zose zigomba guhuzwa na sisitemu yagutse yo gukurikirana ibikorwa no gukoresha ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter kugira ngo habeho isesengura ry'urubura nyarwo kandi rikorwa mu gihe nyacyo. Ubu buryo bufite gahunda bushyigikira uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byihuse ndetse n'ingamba zo kunoza gahunda yo gutunganya ibintu.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Kugenda kwa molybdenum ni iki kandi bitandukanye bite n'izindi nzira zo kugenda kwa molybdenum?
Uburyo bwo gukurura molybdenum ni uburyo bwo gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro bwibanda ku gutandukanya molybdenite (MoS₂) n'andi mabuye y'agaciro. Kuba molybdenite isanzwe idafite amazi bivuze ko ifata ku byuma by'umwuka byoroshye, ariko gutandukanya kwayo na sulfide z'umuringa na gangue bisaba ingamba zitandukanye ugereranije no gukurura ifuro rusange.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi ririmo:
- Ubwihariye bw'ibisubizo:Molybdenum flotation ikoresha reagents zabugenewe—ikusanya peteroli, imiti yihariye yo kugabanya ihungabana, n’imashini zihindura pH zatoranijwe neza—kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwa molybdenite bwo kureremba no kugabanya ubutare bw’umuringa cyangwa gangue. Glotation rusange ikunze gukoresha ubwoko bwagutse bw’imashini zihindura ibintu ariko zidahindura ibintu cyane.
- Icyibandwaho ku miterere y'ubuso:Iyi gahunda isaba kwitabwaho cyane ku bijyanye n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwa molybdenite, ubushobozi bwo kumena amazi, n'ubushobozi bwa electrochemical. Ibi bisobanuro bigira uruhare runini kurusha uburyo busanzwe bwo kuzura sulfide.
- Igabanuka ry'umuringa:Ibintu bikomoka ku bimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera bikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubutare bw'umuringa, bigagabanya ubuziranenge bwabyo mu bintu bikomoka kuri molybdenite—ikibazo kidakunze kugaragara cyane mu bintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu kuzura ubutare.
- Igenzura ry'urupapuro rw'imikorere:Uburyo bwo gukurura molybdenum bukora mu byiciro bitandukanye—nk'ubushyuhe, gusukura, no gusatura—mu buryo bugenzurwa neza. Buri cyiciro kigamije gukira neza no kongera gukurura, gisaba guhinduranya kurusha uburyo busanzwe bwo gukurura.
- Gucunga ingano y'uduce:Gusya cyane birindwa kugira ngo bigabanye amande agora gutandukanya, bisaba ubuhanga bwihariye bwo gusya no gusuzuma.
- Guhindura imikorere y'uruziga n'ibikoresho:Intambwe nko gutandukanya ibyuma n'uburyo bwo kugenzura icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "tramp iron" rimwe na rimwe zihuzwa kugira ngo zigumane uburyo bwo kurekura molybdenite no kuzenguruka kw'amazi.
Ingero: Mu by’ukuri, uruganda rukora amabuye ya tungsten-molybdenum rushobora guhuza ibintu bikusanya, ibintu bikoresha surfactants, n’ibintu bigabanya ubukana, bigahindura pH n’imizigo izenguruka hakoreshejwe ibipimo by’igihe nyacyo kugira ngo molybdenum igaruke neza kandi igire ubuziranenge. Ubu buryo bunoze burenze ibisanzwe ku miyoboro ya sulfide ikoreshwa mu mazi, cyane cyane iyo guhitamo neza no guhitamo neza ari byo by’ingenzi.
Kuki guhindura ingano y'ibinyabutabire ari ingenzi cyane mu guhindagurika kw'amabuye ya tungsten-molybdenum?
Gukoresha neza ingano y’ibinyabutabire mu gihe cyo kuzura bigena uburyo imyunyu ngugu y’agaciro nka tungsten na molybdenum ivurwa kandi igatandukanywa na gangue. Igipimo gikwiye gihuza imikorere y’imyunyu ngugu n’igabanuka ry’imisemburo, bigafasha guhitamo no gukira.
- Kugenzura uburyo bwo guhitamo:Igipimo gikwiye cy’imiti ikusanya, imiti igabanya ububabare, n’imiti ihindura ibintu gitanga ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka neza mu gihe ibindi bigabanya ubukana—ibi bikaba ari ngombwa bitewe n’uko imiterere y’imiti ifitanye isano isa (urugero: scheelite vs. calcite).
- Kunoza uburyo bwo kugarura ubuzima:Gutanga dose nkeya bigabanya kugaruka kw'amabuye y'agaciro; gukoresha dose nyinshi byongera ihindagurika ry'amazi n'ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire, bigateza ibiciro kandi bikagorana kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro.
- Ibibazo ku bidukikije n'ikiguzi:Ibikoresho biremereye ntibizamura ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa gusa ahubwo bishobora no gutuma imiti iva mu myanda cyangwa mu mazi yanduye izamuka, bigatera ibibazo mu kubahiriza ibidukikije. Gugenzura neza bishyigikira uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro no kuyatunganya mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije.
- Ingaruka zihuriweho hamwe n'uburyo ibintu bihinduka:Uruvange rumwe rw'ibice bihindura imiterere y'ibice n'ingano yabyo bishobora gutera ingaruka nziza cyangwa mbi (urugero, gukora nickel tungstate, kugabanya kugaruka kwa tungsten). Bityo, amabwiriza agezweho yo gupima ibice bihindura imiterere y'ibice bihindura imiterere y'ibice - akenshi ategurwa binyuze mu buryo bwo gusubiza hejuru cyangwa izindi ngamba zo kunoza imikorere - ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibimera bikore neza.
Ingero: Guhindura neza ingano y’ibinyampeke n’ibinyampeke bishobora guhindura uburinganire hagati ya molybdenum na tungsten recovery ku bipimo byinshi, bigagira ingaruka ku musaruro wa buri munsi w’ibimera n’amafaranga byinjiza.
Ni gute umuyoboro utwara amazi ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uruganda rukora amazi?
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro itwara ibintu mu buryo bunoze gituma ibicuruzwa byayunguruwe biva mu mazi bijyanwa mu bubiko cyangwa mu buryo bukomeza gutunganywa. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uruganda mu buryo butandukanye bw'ingenzi:
- Kwizerwa kw'umuvuduko w'amazi:Imiyoboro icunzwe neza igabanya kuziba kw'amazi kandi igatanga uburyo buhoraho bwo kuyageza, ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibimera bikomere kandi bihuzwe neza n'uburyo bwo kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro.
- Kugabanya ibikorwa byo kubungabunga:Ubuhanga bukwiye bugabanya kwangirika, kwangirika, no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, bigabanya inshuro zo kuzimya ibikoresho kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibikoresho.
- Kwirinda igihombo:Imiyoboro igenzurwa igabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amazi menshi, bitabaye ibyo bigatera igihombo cy'ibikoresho ndetse n'ikiguzi cyo gusukura cyiyongera.
- Ubworoherane mu mikorere:Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ikoranabuhanga gifasha mu guhuza vuba umusaruro utandukanye, gishyigikira ingamba zo kunoza gahunda yo kuzenguruka kw’ibimera byose.
Urugero: Mu nganda zigezweho, sisitemu z'imiyoboro y'amazi zishobora gukoresha sensor za Lonnmeter mu kugenzura amazi, zimenyesha abakoresha ibitagenda neza no gutanga amakuru yo kunoza uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu buvanze, bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukurura amabuye ya tungsten-molybdenum.
Ni iyihe mirimo y'ingenzi y'ikigega cy'amazi gikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubutare?
Aho gusohokera ikigega cy'amabuye y'agaciro ni ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya ubutare, bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro.
- Igenzura ry'umuvuduko w'amazi:Ikomeza gusohora urushundura mu buryo buhamye mu nzira zo hasi, ikagabanya ihindagurika ry'igihe gito rituruka ku miyoboro yo hejuru.
- Gukomeza ibikorwa:Ikora nk'ikirinda mu gihe ibikoresho byangiritse (urugero, kuyungurura cyangwa gufunga ibintu binini), ikagabanya guhagarara bitateganijwe.
- Guhuza imiterere y'umubiri (homogenization):Itera imbere imiterere y'ibinure ihoraho kandi ikanatuma ibintu bikomeye bihagarara, ni ingenzi cyane mu kugaburira ibinure neza no mu byiciro bikurikira byo kuzenguruka.
- Kunoza imikorere:Ituma habaho imikorere ihamye kandi igashyigikira imikorere yo hasi, ikarinda kuziba kw'imiyoboro y'amazi n'ubwiyongere bw'amazi bishobora kubangamira amabwiriza yo gupima reagents cyangwa inzira z'amazi.
Urugero: Mu nganda zikora amabuye ya tungsten-molybdenum zifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukurura, ahantu ho gupakira amabuye yabugenewe hakozwe mu buryo bukwiye kandi bubikwa neza hafasha mu kubungabunga umusaruro w’ibimera no kubungabunga ubwiza bwabyo, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa mu gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’imikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ni gute urugero rwo hejuru rw'ubutare rugira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'ubutare bwa molybdenum?
Ingano yo hejuru y’ubutare—igaragazwa n’ubwinshi bw’iyoni zishongeshejwe—bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ifu ya molybdenumtekiniki zo kuzenguruka.
- Guhagarika ifuro:Imbaraga nyinshi za iyoni zishobora gutuma ifuro ryo kuzura rigabanuka, bigagabanya guhitamo kuzura no kugarura imbaraga.
- Kongera ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire:Hakenewe ibikoresho byinshi byo gukemura ikibazo cy’ubukene, bikongera ikiguzi cy’imikorere ndetse n’ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi ku binyabutabire.
- Ingorane zo gutandukanya:Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibintu bugabanuka bitewe nuko iyoni z'umuringa, kalisiyumu, cyangwa sulfate zishongeshejwe zibangamira molybdenite na scheelite flotation. Ibi birushaho kugorana gutandukanya ibintu, bigasaba ko habaho ivugurura rihoraho ry'ingano y'ibice bitunganya amabuye y'agaciro.
- Gukurikirana ibikorwa:Gukoresha amabuye menshi bisaba kugenzura no kugenzura neza—nk'uburyo bwo gupima pH cyangwa uburyo bwo gutwara amazi—kugira ngo hakomeze gukoreshwa neza kandi hakorwe neza uburyo bwo gupima reagents.
Urugero: Ibimera bitunganya ibinyabutabire bifite ubutare bwinshi bikunze gukoresha Lonnmeter inline analyzers kugira ngo bihindure mu buryo bwikora igipimo cy’ibiryo bikusanya n’ibigabanya ubukana bw’ibiryo, bigabanye ubukana bw’ifuro kandi bigashyigikira ingamba zo kunoza inzira yo kuzenguruka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-27-2025
