Isesengura ry'impamvu zitera ikibazo cyo kubura amazi mu mubiri wa gypsum
1 Gukoresha amavuta ya boiler no gutwika mu buryo buhoraho
Boiler zikoresha amakara zikenera gukoresha amavuta menshi ya lisansi kugira ngo zifashe gutwika mu gihe cyo gutangira, kuzimya umuriro, gutwika buhoro buhoro no kugenzura uburebure bw'umuvuduko bitewe n'imiterere yazo no gutwika amakara. Bitewe n'imikorere idahoraho no gutwika icyuma bidahagije, amavuta menshi adatwitswe cyangwa uruvange rw'ifu y'amavuta yinjira mu gitereko cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi hamwe na gaze y'amazi. Mu gihe cy'imvururu zikomeye mu gitereko cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, biroroshye cyane gukora ifuro ryiza no guteranira ku buso bw'igitereko cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Iri ni isesengura ry'imiterere y'igitereko cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ku buso bw'igitereko cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Mu gihe amavuta arimo guteranira ku buso bw'urusenda, igice cyarwo gihita gikwirakwira mu rusenda rufata amazi bitewe n'uburyo bwo kuyavanga no kuyatera, hanyuma hagashyirwaho agahu gato k'amavuta ku buso bw'urusenda, sulfite ya kalisiyumu n'utundi duce turi mu rusenda, gapfunyika urusenda n'utundi duce, bikabangamira gushonga kw'urusenda no gushonga kwa sulfite ya kalisiyumu, bityo bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gushonga no kurema kwa gypsum. Urusenda rurimo amavuta rwinjira muri sisitemu yo gusukura amazi ya gypsum binyuze mu ipompo isohora amazi ya gypsum. Bitewe n'uko hari amavuta n'ibikomoka kuri aside ya sulfure idafunze neza, biroroshye gutuma icyuho cy'igitambaro cy'urusenda gifunga umukandara w'ubushyuhe, bigatera ingorane mu gusukura amazi ya gypsum.
2.Umwotsi mwinshi mu nzira yo kwinjiramo
Umunara wo gukuraho isukari mu mazi ufite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo gukuraho ivumbi, kandi ubushobozi bwawo bwo gukuraho ivumbi bushobora kugera kuri 70%. Uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwagenewe kugira ivumbi ringana na 20mg/m3 ku gice cyo gukusanya ivumbi (aho gukusanya ivumbi). Kugira ngo hagabanuke ingufu kandi hagabanye ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu ruganda, ivumbi nyaryo ku gice cyo gukusanya ivumbi rigenzurwa kuri 30mg/m3. Ivumbi ryinshi ryinjira mu munara wo gukuraho ivumbi kandi rikurwaho n'ingaruka zo gukuraho ivumbi mu buryo bwo gukuraho isukari. Uduce twinshi tw'ivumbi twinjira mu munara wo gukuraho ivumbi nyuma yo gusukura ivumbi rya electrostatic tuba turi munsi ya 10μm, cyangwa ndetse turi munsi ya 2.5μm, ari na byo bito cyane ugereranyije n'ingano y'uduce twa gypsum. Nyuma y'uko ivumbi ryinjiye mu mukandara w'icyuma urimo gypsum, rinafunga umwenda wo kuyungurura, bigatuma umwuka mubi w'igitambaro cyo kuyungurura ugabanuka kandi bikagorana kubura amazi muri gypsum.
2. Ingaruka z'ubwiza bw'urutare rwa gypsum
1 Ubucucike bw'urutare
Ingano y'ubucucike bw'ibice by'amazi bigaragaza ubucucike bw'ibice by'amazi mu munara wo kwinjiza amazi. Iyo ubucucike ari buto cyane, bivuze ko CaSO4 iri mu gice cy'amazi ari hasi kandi CaCO3 iri hejuru, ibyo bigatuma CaCO3 ipfa ubusa. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'uduce duto twa CaCO3, biroroshye guteza ibibazo byo kubura amazi mu jipu; niba ubucucike bw'ibice by'amazi ari bwinshi cyane, bivuze ko CaSO4 iri mu gice cy'amazi ari hejuru. CaSO4 iri hejuru izabangamira gusenyuka kwa CaCO3 kandi ikabuza SO2 kwinjiza amazi. CaCO3 yinjira muri sisitemu yo kubura amazi mu cyuma hamwe na jipu kandi ikagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kubura amazi mu jipu. Kugira ngo iheshe agaciro ibyiza bya sisitemu yo kuzura amazi mu byuma by'amazi, pH y'umunara wo mu cyiciro cya mbere igomba kugenzurwa mu ntera ya 5.0±0.2, kandi ubucucike bw'ibice by'amazi bugomba kugenzurwa mu ntera ya 1100±20kg/m3. Mu mikorere nyayo, ubucucike bw'umunara wo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'uruganda ni hafi 1200kg/m3, ndetse bugera no kuri 1300kg/m3 mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, buhora bugenzurwa ku rwego rwo hejuru.
2. Ingano y'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutwika ururenda
Gushyira umwuka uhagije mu gishanga kugira ngo umwuka uhagije uhinduke ugere ku gishanga kugira ngo umwuka uhinduke ugere ku gishanga ugere ku gishanga, kandi igipimo cyo gutwikira kiri hejuru ya 95%, bitume habaho ubwoko buhagije bwa gypsum mu gishanga kugira ngo kristu ikure. Iyo umwuka urenze, hazakorwa kristu zivanze za sulfite ya calcium na sulfate ya calcium, bigatera kwaguka. Igipimo cyo gutwika umwuka urenze urugero giterwa n'ibintu nk'ingano y'umwuka urenze urugero, igihe cy'aho umwuka urenze urugero utuye, n'ingaruka z'aho umwuka urenze urugero utera umwuka urenze urugero. Umwuka urenze urugero urenze urugero uhagije, igihe gito cyane cyo gutura kw'igishanga, ikwirakwizwa ry'igishanga ritaringaniye, n'ingaruka mbi zo gukurura byose bizatuma CaSO3·1/2H2O mu munara iba nyinshi cyane. Bigaragara ko kubera ko umwuka urenze urugero uhagije, CaSO3·1/2H2O mu gishanga ari hejuru cyane, bigatera ingorane mu kubura amazi mu gishanga no kugira amazi menshi.
3. Umwanda uri mu gishanga Umwanda uri mu gishanga ahanini uturuka ku gaze y'amazi n'amabuye y'agaciro. Iyi myanda ikora iyoni z'umwanda ziri mu gishanga, zigira ingaruka ku miterere ya gypsum. Ibyuma bikomeye bihora bishonga mu mwotsi bizabuza Ca2+ na HSO3- gukora neza. Iyo ingano ya F- na Al3+ muri gishanga ari nyinshi, fluorine-aluminium complex AlFn izakorwa, igatwikira ubuso bw'uduce twa limestone, bigatera uburozi bwa slurry, bigagabanya ubushobozi bwo gusukura, kandi uduce twa limestone twiza tuvangavanze mu ma kristu ya gypsum adakora neza, bigatuma bigorana gukamura gypsum. Uduce twa Cl-in ahanini duturuka kuri HCl muri gaze y'amazi n'amazi yo gutunganya. Uduce twa Cl- mu mazi yo gutunganya ni duto, bityo slurry ya Cl-in ahanini ituruka kuri gaze y'amazi yo gutunganya. Iyo hari ingano nini ya Cl-in slurry, Cl- izapfunyikwa mu ma kristu hanyuma ihuzwe n'ingano runaka ya Ca2+ muri slurry kugira ngo habeho CaCl2 ihamye, hagasigara ingano runaka y'amazi muri kristu. Muri icyo gihe, ingano runaka ya CaCl2 muri slurry izaguma hagati ya kristu za gypsum, ifunga umuyoboro w'amazi hagati ya kristu, bigatuma amazi ya gypsum yiyongera.
3. Ingaruka z'imikorere y'ibikoresho
1. Sisitemu yo gusukura amazi ya Gypsum. Igitonyanga cya Gypsum gishyirwa mu cyuma cya gypsum kugira ngo amazi aboneke mbere binyuze mu ipompo ya gypsum. Iyo igitonyanga cyo hasi gishyizwe ku kigero gikomeye cya 50%, gitemba kijya mu cyuma gitwara amazi kugira ngo amazi aboneke kabiri. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gutandukanya igitonyanga cya Gypsum ni igitutu cy’amazi yinjira mu cyuma n’ingano y’umusenyi utura. Niba igitutu cy’amazi yinjira mu cyuma ari gito cyane, ingaruka zo gutandukanya amazi n’amazi zizaba mbi, igitonyanga cyo hasi kizagira igitutu gito, bizagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gutakaza amazi za Gypsum no kongera amazi; niba igitutu cy’amazi yinjira mu cyuma ari kinini cyane, ingaruka zo gutandukanya zizaba nziza kurushaho, ariko bizagira ingaruka ku buryo igitonyanga gishyirwa mu byiciro kandi bitere kwangirika gukomeye ku bikoresho. Niba ingano y’umusenyi utura mu cyuma ari munini cyane, bizagira kandi igitonyanga cyo hasi kigira igitutu gito kandi kibe gito, bizagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gutakaza amazi za Gypsum.
Umwobo mwinshi cyane cyangwa muto cyane uzagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kubura amazi mu mashini ya gypsum. Iyo umwobo uri hasi cyane, ubushobozi bwo gukuramo ubushuhe muri gypsum buzagabanuka, kandi ingaruka zo kubura amazi mu mashini ya gypsum zizarushaho kuba mbi; iyo umwobo uri hejuru cyane, icyuho mu mwenda w'urufunguzo gishobora gufungwa cyangwa umukandara ugahinduka, ibyo bikaba byanatera ingaruka mbi zo kubura amazi mu mashini ya gypsum. Mu gihe kimwe cyo gukora, uko umwuka usohoka mu mwenda w'urufunguzo urushaho kuba mwiza, ni ko ingaruka nziza zo kubura amazi mu mashini ya gypsum; niba umwuka usohoka mu mwenda w'urufunguzo udafite umwuka mwiza kandi umuyoboro w'urufunguzo ugafungwa, ingaruka zo kubura amazi mu mashini ya gypsum zizarushaho kuba mbi. Ubugari bwa keke y'urufunguzo nabwo bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kubura amazi mu mashini ya gypsum. Iyo umuvuduko w'umukandara ugabanutse, ubugari bwa keke y'urufunguzo buriyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwa pompe y'urufunguzo bwo gukuramo igice cyo hejuru cya keke y'urufunguzo buragabanuka, bigatuma ubushuhe bwa gypsum bwiyongera; iyo umuvuduko w'umukandara wiyongereye, ubugari bwa keke y'urufunguzo buragabanuka, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutuma keke y'urufunguzo isohoka, ikangiza umwobo, kandi bigatera kwiyongera k'ubushuhe bwa gypsum.
2. Imikorere idahwitse y’uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye asukurwa cyangwa ingano nto y’amazi yanduye bizagira ingaruka ku buryo busanzwe amazi yanduye asukurwa. Mu gihe kirekire, imyanda nk’umwotsi n’umukungugu bizakomeza kwinjira mu gishanga, kandi ibyuma bikomeye, Cl-, F-, Al-, nibindi biri mu gishanga bizakomeza kwiyongera, bigatuma ubuziranenge bw’igishanga bukomeza kwangirika, bigira ingaruka ku iterambere risanzwe ry’uburyo bwo gukuramo sulfurization, imiterere ya gypsum no kubura amazi. Dufashe urugero rw’igishanga cya Cl-in, ubunini bwa Cl- mu gishanga cy’umunara wo ku rwego rwa mbere w’uruganda rw’amashanyarazi bugera kuri 22000mg/L, kandi ubunini bwa Cl- muri gypsum bugera kuri 0.37%. Iyo ubunini bwa Cl- mu gishanga bugera kuri 4300mg/L, ubunini bwa gypsum burushaho kuba bwiza. Uko ubunini bwa chloride ion bwiyongera, ubunini bwa gypsum bugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro.
Ingamba zo kugenzura
1. Kongera imbaraga mu gutunganya imikorere ya boiler, kugabanya ingaruka zo gutera amavuta no gutwika mu buryo burambye kuri sisitemu yo gusohora sulfure mu gihe cyo gutangira no kuzimya boiler cyangwa gukora ku mutwaro muke, kugenzura umubare w'ipompo zizenguruka lisansi zishyirwa mu bikorwa, no kugabanya umwanda w'ifu y'amavuta idatwitswe ku isansi.
2. Urebye imikorere ihamye y'igihe kirekire n'ubukungu rusange bwa sisitemu yo gukuramo isukari, kongera uburyo bwo guhindura imikorere y'icyuma gikusanya ivumbi, gukoresha imikorere ifite ibipimo byinshi, no kugenzura ubwinshi bw'umukungugu ku gice cyo gukusanya ivumbi (ikinjiriramo cy'ivumbi) mu gaciro k'igishushanyo mbonera.
3. Gukurikirana ubucucike bw'urubura mu buryo nyabwo (Igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'ibinure), ingano y'umwuka wo mu kirere, urwego rw'amazi yo mu munara wo kwinjiza (icyuma gipima urwego rwa radar), igikoresho cyo kuvanga urumogi, nibindi kugira ngo harebwe ko igisubizo cyo kuvanga urumogi gikorwa mu bihe bisanzwe.
4. Kongera ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga no guhindura uburyo bwo kohereza umuyaga wa gypsum cyclone na vacuum belt conveyor, kugenzura umuvuduko w’umuyaga wa gypsum cyclone n’ingano y’umuyaga wa kohereza umuyaga mu rugero rukwiye, no kugenzura buri gihe umuyaga, umusenyi utemba n’igitambaro cyo kuyungurura kugira ngo urebe ko ibikoresho bikora neza.
5. Kugenzura imikorere isanzwe y'uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye asukura, gusohora amazi yanduye asukura buri gihe, no kugabanya umwanda uri mu gice cy'amazi asukura amazi.
Umwanzuro
Ingorane zo kubura amazi mu mashini zikoreshwa mu gusohora sulfure ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusohora sulfure bitose. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka, bisaba isesengura ryimbitse no guhindurwa mu buryo burambuye uhereye ku bintu byinshi nko mu itangazamakuru ryo hanze, imiterere y’imikorere y’ibikoresho n’uko imikorere y’ibikoresho ihagaze. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse uburyo bwo gukura sulfure n’imiterere y’imikorere y’ibikoresho no kugenzura neza ibipimo by’ingenzi by’imikorere y’ibikoresho bishobora kwemezwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-06-2025
