Mu bikorwa byo gucukura amariba y’ubujyakuzimu bwinshi, gucunga ubukana bw’amazi yo gucukura ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza ya hydraulic n’ubudahindagurika bw’amazi yo gucukura. Kunanirwa kugenzura ubukana bw’amazi yo gucukura bishobora gutuma amazi yo gucukura agwa, bigatera igihombo kinini cy’amazi yo gucukura, no kongera igihe kitabyara umusaruro. Ibibazo byo mu bidukikije, nko gushyuha cyane n’ubushyuhe, gusaba igenzura ryimbitse kandi rigezweho kugira ngo hagerwe ku igenzura ry’indwara z’imitsi, kugabanya igihombo cyo kuyungurura, no gukumira ingaruka mbi z’igihombo cy’amazi. Gutegeka neza ubukana bw’amazi bishyigikiraamazi yo gucukura ibyondokugenzura igihombo, kunoza imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura ya bentonite, kandi bigatuma habaho ibisubizo byihuse binyuze mu buryo bwikora bwo gutera imiti mu gucukura.
Ahantu ho gucukura amariba himbitse cyane
Gucukura amariba y’ubujyakuzimu buhanitse bivuze kugera ku bujyakuzimu burenga metero 5000, gahunda nyinshi ubu zikaba zirenga metero 8000, cyane cyane mu turere nka Tarim na Sichuan Basins. Ibi bikorwa bihura n’ibibazo bikomeye cyane ku bidukikije, birangwa n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’imiterere n’ubushyuhe burenze cyane urugero rusanzwe. Ijambo HPHT (Umuvuduko Ukabije, Ubushyuhe Buhanitse) risobanura ibintu bifite umuvuduko w’imiterere uri hejuru ya 100 MPa n’ubushyuhe bukunze kuba hejuru ya 150°C, akenshi biboneka mu miterere yihariye y’imiterere y’ubujyakuzimu buhanitse.
Imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu mikorere
Gucukura ahantu hanini cyane bitanga imbogamizi zihoraho mu bya tekiniki:
- Ubusa bwo gucukura nabi:Urutare rukomeye, uturere tugoranye twacitsemo ibice, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gushyushya ibintu butandukanye bisaba ibikoresho bishya byo gucukura amazi n'ibikoresho byihariye byo mu mwobo wo hasi.
- Ihinduka ry'ikirere:Imiterere y’ibice muri ubu buryo, cyane cyane mu duce twacitsemo ibice, ikunze kugira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y’ibinyabutabire mu gucukura ibyondo, bigatera ibyago nko gusenyuka kw’imiyoboro y’amazi no gutakaza amazi menshi.
- Kwizerwa kw'ibikoresho:Imiterere isanzwe y’uduce, agasanduku, n’ibikoresho byo kurangiza ikunze kugorwa no kwihanganira imitwaro ya HPHT, bigatuma hakenerwa ibikoresho bivuguruye nka aloyi za titaniyumu, imitako igezweho, n’ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru.
- Imiterere y'amariba agoye:Gahunda zo gufunga mu byiciro byinshi zirakenewe kugira ngo hakemurwe ikibazo cy’umuvuduko n’ubushyuhe bihindagurika vuba mu burebure bw’iriba, bikanagora imicungire y’ubuziranenge bw’iriba.
Gucukura Amariba Yimbitse Cyane
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Ibimenyetso byo mu kibaya cya Tarim bigaragaza ko uduce tw’amabuye y’agaciro tudatwarwa n’ingese kandi dufite urumuri rwinshi ari ingenzi mu kugabanya gusenyuka kw’imiyoboro y’amazi no kongera ubusugire muri rusange. Ariko, ibikorera mu kibaya kimwe bishobora gusaba ko habaho ahandi hantu bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’ubutaka.
Ibintu Bituma Hasi Hasi Hasi Hasi Hasi: Umuvuduko Ukabije n'Ubushyuhe Bukabije
Imiterere ya HPHT ibangamira buri gice cy’imicungire y’amazi yo gucukura.
- Umuvuduko ukabijebigira ingaruka ku guhitamo ibiro by'ibyondo, kugora kugenzura igabanuka ry'amazi no guteza ibyago byo gutwikwa cyangwa ingaruka zo kugenzura amariba.
- Ubushyuhe buzamuka cyanebishobora gutuma polymeri zicukura zigabanuka vuba cyane, bikagabanya ubushyuhe kandi bigatera imiterere mibi yo gufunga. Ibi bituma habaho gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura no kudakora neza kw'imiyoboro y'amazi.
Inyongeramusaruro z'amazi yo gucukura mu bushyuhe bwinshi, harimo na polymers zigezweho na nanocomposites, byagaragaye ko ari ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano no kuyungurura muri ibi bihe. Resins nshya n'ibintu birwanya umunyu mwinshi birimo gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo mu miterere yavunitse n'iyangiritse.
Ingaruka zo gucunga amazi yo gucukura
Gucunga imiterere y’amazi yo gucukura bentonite no guhitamo inyongeramusaruro zitakaza amazi zo gucukura ibyondo bigomba kubazwa iyangirika n’ihindagurika rya HPHT. Inyongeramusaruro zikora neza, zikomezwa n’uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma ry’ibinyabutabire mu buryo bwikora no kugenzura ubukana bw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo, birakenewe cyane.
- Kugenzura imiterere y'ibyondo mu gucukuraIshingiye ku gushyiraho sisitemu z'amazi zishobora gukomeza umuvuduko w'umusaruro, ubushyuhe, no kugenzura igabanuka ry'amazi mu bihe bikomeye bya HPHT.
- Kurinda gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura mu gucukura icyondoikoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo gutera imiti no gukurikirana buri gihe, rimwe na rimwe ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya HTHP vibrational viscometer kugira ngo ihindurwe mu buryo bwihuse.
- Ibisubizo by'ubudahangarwa bw'imizigobisaba gucunga neza kandi hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhindura amakuru, hifashishijwe amakuru ahoraho aturuka mu byuma bipima ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye n’igihe ndetse n’isesengura ry’ibiteganyijwe.
Muri make, ibidukikije bikomeye by’ubucukuzi bw’amariba y’ubujyakuzimu cyane bituma abakora ubucukuzi bw’amariba y’ubujyakuzimu bahangana n’ibibazo byihariye kandi bihindagurika vuba mu mikorere. Guhitamo amazi, udushya twongera imbaraga, kugenzura ubukana bw’amazi yo gucukura mu gihe nyacyo, no kwizera ibikoresho biba ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw’amazi n’imikorere y’ubucukuzi.
Amavuta yo gucukura Bentonite: Imiterere, Imikorere, n'Ingorane
Amavuta yo gucukura ya Bentonite ni yo shingiro ry'ibyondo bishingiye ku mazi mu gucukura amariba maremare cyane, afite agaciro gakomeye kubera ubushobozi bwawo bwo kubyimba no gukora gel. Iyi miterere yemerera bentonite guhagarika gukata imashini, kugenzura ubukana bw'amazi yo gucukura, no kugabanya gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura, bigatuma isuku y'imyobo ikora neza kandi igakomeza guhagarara neza. Uduce tw'ibumba dukora ibyuma bishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bihuzwe n'ahantu runaka h'imyobo hakoreshejwe pH n'inyongera.
Imiterere n'inshingano za Bentonite
- Ubushobozi bwo kubyimba:Bentonite ifata amazi, ikayongera inshuro nyinshi ingano yayo yumye. Uku kubyimba gutuma ibice bihagarara neza kandi bigatwara imyanda hejuru.
- Ubukana n'Imbaraga za Gel:Imiterere ya jeli itanga ubukana bw'ingenzi, ikabuza ibintu bikomeye guhagarara—ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bibazo by'ibidukikije biri hasi.
- Uburyo bwo gutunganya keke:Bentonite ikora utubumbe duto kandi tudapfa kwinjira mu mazi ku rukuta rw'aho amazi anyura, ibyo bikagabanya amazi yinjira kandi bigafasha mu gukumira ko amazi agwa.
- Kugenzura indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi:Imyitwarire ya Bentonite mu gihe cyo gukata ni ingenzi mu kugenzura imiterere y'ibicukurwa mu byondo mu gucukura ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ingorane mu gihe cy'uburwayi bwa HPHT
Gucukura mu miterere y’ubushyuhe bwinshi (HPHT) bituma amazi ya bentonite arenga imipaka y’imiterere yayo:
- Igihombo cyo kuyungurura:Ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko mwinshi bituma uduce twa bentonite twiyunga, bigasenya agace k'urufunguzo kandi amazi akarushaho kwinjira. Ibi bishobora gutuma amazi atakaza byinshi, bigatera kwangirika no kudakomera kw'imiyoboro y'amazi.
- Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri Omani bwagaragaje ko inyongeramusaruro zakozwe ku giti cyazo zagabanije igihombo cy’amazi ya HPHT kuva kuri mililitiro 60 kugeza kuri mililitiro 10, bigaragaza uburemere n’uburyo ikibazo gishobora gukemurwa.
- Ukwiyongera kw'ibice by'amazi n'ikorwa ry'ibice by'amazi bidakora neza bikunze kwiyongera bitewe n'uko hari umunyu na iyoni zivanze, bigatera ingorane mu gukumira gutakaza uburyo bwo kuyungurura mu byondo bicukurwa.
- Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe:Hejuru ya 120°C, bentonite n'ibindi bikoresho bya polymer byangirika, bigatuma ubushyuhe n'imbaraga bya gel bigabanuka. Gucika kwa Acrylamide co-polymer hagati ya 121°C na 177°C bifitanye isano no kutagenzura neza ibura ry'amazi kandi bisaba kongeramo ibikoresho kenshi.
- Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bw'amazi yo gucukura mu gihe nyacyo, nko gukoresha viscometer ya HTHP vibration, ni ingenzi cyane mu kumenya no gucunga iyangirika ry'ubushyuhe aho buherereye.
- Kudahinduka kw'ibinyabutabire:Amavuta ya Bentonite ashobora kwangirika mu buryo bw'imiterere n'imiterere yayo bitewe na HPHT ikomeye, cyane cyane iyo hari iyoni zikomeye cyangwa pH ikabije. Uku kudakomera gushobora kwangiza uburyo bwo guhagarara neza kw'amazi no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gucukura ibyondo.
- Inyongeramusaruro n'ibikoresho bikomoka ku myanda (urugero, ivu ry'umukungugu) bishobora kongera imbaraga mu guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ibinyabutabire.
Guhuza sisitemu zo gupima imiti kugira ngo habeho gutanga inyongera mu buryo bunoze mu gihe nyacyo
Gutunganya imiti mu buryo bwikora mu gucukura birimo guhindura uburyo bwo gucunga igihombo cy'amazi. Sisitemu zihuriweho zo gucukura zituma sisitemu yo gupima imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bwikora. Izi mbuga zikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ubukana bw'amazi mu gucukura mu gihe nyacyo, akenshi zikoreshwa naViscometer ikoreshwa mu gupima HTHPgukoresha, kugira ngo ukomeze guhindura ingano y'inyongera hakurikijwe uko ibintu bigenda bihinduka.
Sisitemu nk'izo:
- Injira mu makuru ajyanye n'ibipimo (ubucucike, rheology, pH, ubushyuhe) hanyuma ukoreshe imiterere ishingiye kuri fiziki mu gutanga inyongeramusaruro zihindagurika.
- Gushyigikira imikorere ya kure, idakoresheje amaboko, kurekura abakozi kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gihe hagenzurwa neza ibikoresho bitakaza amazi mu gucukura ibyondo.
- Kugabanya ingese, kwangirika, kubura kw'inzira y'amashanyarazi no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, byose hamwe bikongera igihe cyo kumara ibikoresho no kugabanya ibyago byo gukora.
Gukoresha sisitemu zigezweho zo gutera amazi mu butaka byagaragaje iterambere rikomeye mu gukemura ibibazo byo guhagarara kw'amazi, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutera inkunga, no gukomeza gukora neza kw'amazi ndetse no mu byobo bya HPHT byimbitse cyane. Uko ibikorwa byo gucukura bigenda birushaho gushyira imbere igenzura ry’amakuru mu gihe nyacyo, ibi bisubizo bizakomeza kuba ingenzi mu gihe kizaza cyo kugenzura igihombo cy’amazi yo mu byondo no gukumira igihombo cyo kuyungurura.
Guhagarara neza no kwirinda gusenyuka kw'imitsi
Gusenyuka kw'imiyoboro y'amazi ni ikibazo gikomeje mu gucukura amariba menshi cyane, cyane cyane aho usanga hari imiterere y'ubushyuhe bwinshi (HPHT). Gusenyuka akenshi biterwa no kurenza urugero rw'imashini, imikoranire y'ibinyabutabire, cyangwa ubushyuhe butaringaniye hagati y'imiyoboro y'amazi n'imiterere yayo. Mu mariba ya HPHT, gukwirakwiza imihangayiko, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko uturuka ku miyoboro y'amazi, hamwe n'ibintu bitwara imizigo by'igihe gito—nk'umuvuduko ugabanuka vuba nyuma y'uko paki idakora neza—birushaho kwiyongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imiterere y'amazi. Izi ngaruka ziyongera mu miterere y'amabuye y'ivu n'amariba yo mu nyanja, aho impinduka mu mikorere zitera impinduka zikomeye ku mihangayiko no kudakomera kw'ibice.
Impamvu n'ingaruka zo kugwa kw'imitsi mu bidukikije bya HPHT
Ibintu by'ingenzi bitera isenyuka ry'icyorezo mu bidukikije bya HPHT birimo:
- Umutwaro mwinshi wa tekiniki:Ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gace, umuvuduko utaringaniye mu myenge, n'imiterere y'amabuye akomeye bibangamira imiterere y'imiyoboro y'amazi. Guhuza imiyoboro y'amazi n'imigozi byongera imihangayiko mu gace runaka, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gucukura cyangwa gutemba, bigatuma umuvuduko w'amazi ugabanuka ndetse n'urukuta rugahinduka.
- Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe n'imiti:Ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe n'imikorere y'ibinyabutabire—nk'ubwinjirane bw'ibyondo n'amazi—bihindura imbaraga zo gukora no kwihutisha gutsindwa. Ingaruka zihuriweho zishobora gutuma igisenge kinanirwa bitewe n'igihe nyuma y'ibikorwa nk'uko packer itabikoze.
- Imiterere y'imikorere:Igipimo cyihuse cy’ubwinjirire n’imizigo y’igihe gito (urugero, impinduka zitunguranye z’umuvuduko) byongera ikwirakwizwa ry’imihangayiko, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku byago byo gusenyuka mu bigega binini kandi bishyushye.
Ingaruka zo gusenyuka zirimo gufunga amariba mu buryo butunguranye, imiyoboro yafatiriwe, gutakaza uburyo bwo kuyakoresha, no kuyashyiraho sima byangiritse. Gusenyuka bishobora kandi gutuma amazi atakaza uruziga, akarere kadakora neza, ndetse no kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'ibigega by'amazi.
Ibisubizo bifatika byo kubungabunga imiyoboro y'amazi mu gihe cyo gucukura no gusima
Ingamba zo kugabanya ubukana bw’ibiyobyabwenge zishingiye ku kugenzura ibidukikije ndetse n’imikoreshereze y’ibinyabutabire ku rukuta rw’aho amazi anyura. Ibisubizo birimo:
- Ubwubatsi bw'Amazi yo Gucukura:Bakoresheje imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura ya bentonite yagenewe HPHT, abakora bahindura ubucucike bw'amazi, rheology, n'imiterere yayo kugira ngo bongere imbaraga zo gushyigikira wellbore. Kugenzura rheology hakoreshejwe inyongeramusaruro zigezweho zo gucukura—harimo inyongeramusaruro zishingiye kuri nanoparticle na polymer zikora—binoza uburyo bwo guhuza no gufunga uduce duto tw'amazi, bigagabanya ukwinjira kw'uturemangingo.
- Kugenzura igihombo cyo kuyungurura:Guhuza ibikoresho bitakaza amazi mu gucukura ibyondo, nk'ibikoresho bigabanya amazi asohoka mu mwobo, bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mwobo kandi bigatuza imyobo. Ibi bikoresho bikora uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu mu buryo butandukanye mu bushyuhe n'umuvuduko.
- Gukurikirana ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo:Gukoresha viscometer ya HTHP ihindagurika mu gucukura amazi, hamwe no gukurikirana ubukana bw'amazi yo gucukura mu gihe nyacyo, byoroshya uburyo bwo guhindura vuba mu guhangana n'ibibazo bihindagurika mu bidukikije. Ikoranabuhanga rya sisitemu yo gupima imiti mu buryo bwikora ryemerera kugenzura imikorere y'imiti mu gucukura, bigatuma habaho imiterere myiza y'amazi uko imiterere ihinduka.
- Uburyo bwo gukora bw'ibishushanyo mbonera buhujwe:Uburyo bwo kubara bugezweho—burimo ibintu byinshi (urugero: gusohoka kw'amazi, amazi, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, mekanike ya elasto-plastiki), ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwa AI, na algorithme zo kwiga imbaraga—bituma habaho guhindura imiterere y'amazi n'ibipimo byo gucukura. Izi ngamba zitinda gutangira kudahindagurika kandi zigatanga ibisubizo bihamye byo kudahindagurika kw'amazi.
Mu gusima, inzitizi nke ziterwa n'amazi n'inyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bizifunga mu buryo bwa mekanike kugira ngo bikomeze inkuta ziboshye mbere yo gushyiraho sima. Ubu buryo bufasha mu gutuma ahantu hakonje cyane mu byobo bishyuha cyane haba hameze neza.
Guhuza Inzitizi Zidatera Ubukana n'Ingamba zo Kugenzura Igihombo Gikomeye mu Kuyungurura
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugabanya ubwiyongere bw'ibice n'inyongeramusaruro zo kuyungurura ubu bikora neza kugira ngo bigabanye kwangirika kw'ibice no gukumira gusenyuka:
- Ikoranabuhanga rya Ultra-Low-Invasion Fluid (ULIFT):Amavuta ya ULIFT akora uburinzi bworoshye kandi bushobora kwihuta, bugenzura neza ibura ryabyo ndetse no mu duce dufite itandukaniro rikomeye ry’umuvuduko.
- Ingero zo mu murima:Gukoresha mu Nyanja ya Kaspiyani no mu Kibaya cya Monagas byagaragaje kugabanuka gukomeye kw'amaraso yatakaye, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo gutangira kuvunika, no gukomeza kumererwa neza mu gihe cyo gucukura no gusima.
Mu guhindura uburyo bwo kugenzura isuku y’ibyondo hakoreshejwe uburyo buhanitse bwo gutera imiti n’uburyo bwo gucunga rheology, abakora ibikorwa byabongerera ubushobozi bwo kugenzura isuku y’aho amazi acukurwa kandi bakagabanya ibyago bikomeye bijyana no gucukura amariba maremare cyane. Gukumira ihungabana ry’aho amazi acukurwa bisaba uburyo buhuriweho—guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y’umubiri, imiti n’imikorere kugira ngo HPHT ikore neza.
Gukurikirana Ubukana bw'Umuvuduko mu Gihe Nyacyo mu Bidukikije Bitambitse
Isuzuma risanzwe rya viscometer rikunze kwishingikiriza kuri viscometer zizunguruka cyangwa zikoresha imiyoboro ya capillary, zidashoboka gucukura ubushyuhe bwinshi bitewe n'ibice bigenda no gusesengura icyitegererezo cyatinze. Viscometer za HTHP zikoreshwa mu gucukura zikozwe mu buryo butaziguye, mu buryo burenze ubushyuhe bwa 600°F na 40.000 psig. Izi mpinduka zihuye n'ibisabwa byihariye byo gukumira gutakaza no kugenzura rheology y'ibikomoka ku byondo mu bidukikije byo gucukura byimbitse cyane. Bihuza neza na platform za telemetri na automation, bigatuma habaho gukurikirana viscometer y'amazi yo gucukura mu buryo bwihuse no guhindura vuba inyongera z'ibitakaza amazi.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi n'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere ya Lonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer
Viscometer ya Lonnmeter yagenewe by'umwihariko gukoreshwa mu mwobo uhoraho mu gihe cy'isukura ry'amazi.
- Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashusho: Lonnmeter ikoresha uburyo bwo guhindagura, hamwe n'ikintu gihindura imiterere y'icyuma cyinjijwe mu mazi acukura. Kutagira ibice byimuka byangiritse ku mazi atera umuyaga bigabanya ubuziranenge kandi bigatuma bikora neza mu gihe kirekire.
- Ihame ryo gupima: Sisitemu isesengura imiterere y'ikintu gihindagurika, bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubukana bw'amazi. Ibipimo byose bikorwa mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, bishyigikira ukwizerwa kw'amakuru n'umuvuduko w'ingenzi mu kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora no gupima imiti.
- Urubuga rw'Imirimo: Yakozwe kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwagutse n'umuvuduko, Lonnmeter ishobora gukora neza mu buryo bwizewe mu buryo bwinshi bwo gucukura mu buryo bwimbitse cyane, igashyigikira inyongeramusaruro zigezweho z'amazi yo gucukura ndetse no gusesengura imiterere y'amaraso mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo.
- Ubushobozi bwo guhuza: Lonnmeter ikorana na telemetry yo mu ruziga, bigatuma amakuru yoherezwa vuba ku bakoresha ubuso. Iyi sisitemu ishobora guhuzwa n'uburyo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ishyigikire uburyo bwo kugenzura imiti mu buryo bwikora mu bikorwa byo gucukura, harimo n'ibikoresho byo gucukura bya bentonite hamwe n'ibisubizo byo guhagarara neza kw'amazi.
Gushyira ibikoresho mu mirima byagaragaje ko Lonnmeter iramba kandi ifite ubuziranenge, bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye ibyago byo kugenzura uburyo bwo gucukura ibyondo bicukurwa kandi byongera ubwiza bw'ikiguzi mu bikorwa byo gucukura mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ku bindi bisobanuro birambuye, rebaIncamake ya Viscometer ya Lonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer.
Ibyiza bya Viscometers zo mu bwoko bwa Vibrational Vibrations kurusha uburyo gakondo bwo gupima
Viscometer zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zitanga ibyiza bisobanutse kandi bijyanye n'aho umuntu aherereye:
- Igipimo cy'igihe nyacyo, ku murongo: Gukurikirana amakuru mu buryo buhoraho nta gufatira ingero n'intoki bitanga ibyemezo byihuse ku mikorere, bikaba ari ingenzi mu guhangana n'ibibazo byo gucukura amariba maremare cyane no guhangana n'ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije.
- Gusana bike: Kutagira ibice bigenda bigabanya kwangirika, cyane cyane mu byondo bikurura cyangwa birimo uduce duto.
- Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'urusaku: Ibi bikoresho ntibishobora kubangamira imitingito n'ihindagurika ry'amazi akoreshwa ahantu hakorerwa imirimo yo gucukura.
- Ihindagurika ryinshi: Imiterere y’ibinyabutabire ikora neza ku rugero runini rw’ubushyuhe kandi ntabwo ikorwa n’ingano nto y’ibipimo, ikoresha neza uburyo bwo gupima imiti mu buryo bwikora no kugenzura uburwayi bw’ibimera.
- Yorohereza imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga: Guhuza neza na sisitemu yo gukoresha imiti mu buryo bwikora ndetse n'urubuga rwo gusesengura rugezweho kugira ngo hakorwe neza inyongeramusaruro zitakaza amazi mu gucukura ibyondo.
Ugereranyije na viscometer zizunguruka, ibisubizo bihindagurika bitanga umusaruro ukomeye mu gihe cya HPHT no mu gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo no gukumira ihindagurika ry’amazi. Inyigo ku ibumba risesekara no gucukura zigaragaza ko igihe cyo gucukura cyagabanutse kandi ko kugenzura neza gucukura ibyondo byo mu mazi, bigashyira viscometer zihindagurika nk'ibisubizo by'ingenzi byo kurinda ubusugire bw'amazi yo mu nyanja no mu bikorwa byo gucukura mu buryo bugezweho.
Guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura byikora no gupima imiti mu buryo bw'imiti
Kugenzura byikora ku miterere y'amazi yo gucukura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiza amakuru ku buryo bworoshye
Sisitemu zo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo zikoresha sensor zigezweho, nka viscometer z'imiyoboro na viscometer za Couette zizunguruka, kugira ngo zisuzume buri gihe imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura, harimo ubukana n'aho yinjirira. Izi sensors zibona amakuru ku nshuro yo hejuru, bigatuma habaho gusubiza vuba ku bipimo by'ingenzi mu gucukura amariba yimbitse cyane, cyane cyane mu bidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi w'ubushyuhe (HPHT). Sisitemu za viscometer z'imiyoboro, zihujwe na algorithms zo gutunganya ibimenyetso nko gusenya uburyo bwo gukora, zigabanya ikibazo cyo guhumeka—ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu bidukikije biri munsi y'amazi—zitanga ibipimo nyabyo by'imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura ndetse no mu gihe cy'ihungabana rikomeye ry'imikorere. Ibi ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano w'amazi no gukumira gusenyuka mu gihe cy'ibikorwa byo gucukura.
Gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi mu buryo bwikora (AFM) bituma abakora akazi babasha kubona no kugira icyo bakora ku bintu bidasanzwe nko kugabanuka kwa barite, gutakaza amazi, cyangwa guhindagurika kwa viscosity vuba cyane kurusha ibizamini byakozwe n'intoki cyangwa muri laboratwari. Urugero, gupima Marsh funnel, hamwe n'imibare, bishobora gutanga isuzuma ryihuse rya viscosity rishyigikira ibyemezo by'abakora. Mu byuzi byo mu mazi maremare na HPHT, kugenzura mu buryo bwikora mu buryo bwikora byagabanyije cyane igihe kitari cyiza kandi birinda ibintu bihungabanya ibidukikije binyuze mu kwemeza ko imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura iguma mu rugero rwiza.
Sisitemu zo Gupima Ibinyabutabire Zifunze zo Guhindura Ibinyabutabire mu Buryo Budasanzwe
Sisitemu zo gupima imiti zifunganye zishyira mu buryo bwikora inyongeramusaruro z’ibitaka byo gucukura, rheology modifiers, cyangwa inyongeramusaruro zigezweho z’ibitaka mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibitekerezo by’ibikangurambaga. Izi sisitemu zikoresha inyongeramusaruro zidafite umurongo cyangwa amategeko agenga impulsive, zipima imiti mu bihe bitandukanye hashingiwe ku miterere y’ibikangurambaga by’ibikangurambaga. Urugero, ikibazo cyo gutakaza amazi cyabonetse hakoreshejwe inyongeramusaruro zishobora gutera gutera imiti igabanya igihombo, nk’inyongeramusaruro z’ibikangurambaga byo gucukura bentonite cyangwa inyongeramusaruro z’ibikangurambaga byo gucukura ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugira ngo hagarurwe uburyo bwo kugenzura igihombo cy’amazi no kubungabunga ubusugire bw’ibikangurambaga.
Kubungabunga imiterere myiza y'amazi n'ibipimo byo gutakaza amazi kugira ngo byongere umutekano
Sisitemu zo kugenzura no gupima zikora ku buryo bwikora zikorana kugira ngo zigenzure uburyo bwo gucukura ibyondo no kugenzura ibura ry'amazi mu bidukikije bigoye. Gukurikirana ubushyuhe mu buryo bwihuse, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya HTHP vibration viscometer, bituma ibice biguma bihagaze kandi igitutu cy'amazi gicungwa neza, bigabanye ibyago byo gusenyuka kw'imiyoboro y'amazi. Sisitemu zo gucukura zikoresha imiti zikora ku buryo bwikora zitanga ingano nyayo y'ibicuruzwa bitakaza amazi n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe, zigakomeza kugenzura uburyo bwo kuyungurura no gukumira ko amazi yinjira cyangwa gutakaza amazi cyane.
Inyongeramusaruro n'uburyo bwo kwita ku bidukikije
Inyongeramusaruro zigezweho zo gucukura Bentonite mu gucukura amazi menshi cyane
Gucukura mu byumba by’amazi byimbitse cyane bitera amazi guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mwobo unyuramo, harimo umuvuduko mwinshi n’ubushyuhe bwinshi (HPHT). Inyongeramusaruro zisanzwe zo gucukura za bentonite zikunze kwangirika, bigatera kwangirika kw’ibice by’amazi no kubura inzira z’amaraso. Ubushakashatsi buherutse kugaragaza akamaro k’inyongeramusaruro zigezweho nka polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), composites zishingiye ku ibumba, n’izindi nyongeramusaruro zishingiye ku binyabuzima. PNCs zitanga ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza mu bushyuhe no kugenzura rheology, cyane cyane ko ari ingenzi mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo binyuze muri sisitemu ya HTHP vibrational viscometer. Urugero, Rhizophora spp. tannin-lignosulfonate (RTLS) igaragaza uburyo amazi atakaza agaciro n’uburyo bwo kuyacukura birinda gucika intege mu gihe ikomeza ibidukikije, bigatuma igira akamaro mu kugenzura imiti mu buryo bwikora mu gucukura no mu buryo bwo guhagarara kw’ibice by’amazi.
Inyongeramusaruro zibangamira ibidukikije: Kwangirika kw'ibinyabuzima n'ubuziranenge bw'imiturire
Kuramba mu buhanga mu gucukura amazi biterwa no gukoresha inyongeramusaruro zishobora kwangirika ku bidukikije. Ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika—harimo ifu y'ibishishwa by'ubunyobwa, RTLS, n'ibikomoka kuri biopolymer nka Gum Arabic n'umukungugu w'ibiti—birimo gusimbura imiti gakondo kandi irimo uburozi. Inyongeramusaruro nk'izo zitanga:
- Ingaruka ku bidukikije zigabanuka, zishyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko
- Kongera imiterere y'ibinyabuzima byangiritse, bigabanya ingaruka z'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima nyuma yo gucukura
- Kugenzura igihombo cy'amazi ku rugero rungana cyangwa rwiza no gukumira igihombo cyo kuyungurura, kunoza imiterere y'ibicukurwa by'ibyondo no kugabanya kwangirika kw'ingirabuzimafatizo.
Byongeye kandi, inyongeramusaruro zibasha kubora zisubiza ibintu bitera imyobo yo mu mazi (urugero: ubushyuhe, pH), zihindura imiterere y'amazi kugira ngo zirusheho kugenzura uburyo bwo gucukura ibyondo no gukomeza ubuziranenge bw'imiyoboro y'amazi. Ingero nka potasiyumu sorbate, citrate, na bicarbonate zitanga uburyo bwo gukumira shale neza kandi zikagabanya uburozi.
Ibinyabutabire bya Biopolymer nano-composites, iyo bigenzuwe kandi bigapimwa hakoreshejwe sisitemu zikora kandi bigakurikirana ubukana bwa viscosity mu gihe nyacyo, birushaho kunoza umutekano mu mikorere no kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Inyigo zishingiye ku bushakashatsi n'icyitegererezo zigaragaza ko inyongeramusaruro nziza zishingiye ku bidukikije zituma imikorere ya tekiniki idahungabanya kwangirika kw'ibinyabuzima, ndetse no mu gihe cya HPHT. Ibi byemeza ko inyongeramusaruro zigezweho zihura n'ibikenewe mu mikorere no mu bidukikije mu gucukura amariba yimbitse cyane.
Ingamba zo gukumira imyanda iva mu mazi no kuyirinda kuvunika
Inzitizi nke zo kwinjira mu butaka mu kugenzura imiyoboro y'amazi
Gucukura amariba menshi cyane bihura n'ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mazi, cyane cyane mu miterere y'amazi afite igitutu gitandukanye n'ibumba rikora nabi. Inzitizi zo kwinjira mu mazi make zigize igisubizo cyo kugabanya ukwinjira kw'amazi mu mazi no gukumira ko igitutu cyinjira mu miterere y'amazi ashobora kwangirika.
- Ikoranabuhanga rya Ultra-Low-Invasion Fluid (ULIFT):Amavuta ya ULIFT akoresha ibikoresho byoroshye byo gucukura mu byondo, bigagabanya kwinjira kw'amazi no kuyajyana mu byuma biyungurura. Iri koranabuhanga ryagize uruhare runini mu gace ka Monagas, muri Venezuwela, bituma gucukura binyura mu turere dufite umuvuduko mwinshi n'utwo hasi, byangiza imiterere y'amazi kandi birushaho kunoza ubusugire bw'imiyoboro y'amazi. Uburyo bwa ULIFT bukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bushingiye ku mazi, amavuta n'ubukorano, butanga serivisi rusange mu bikorwa bigezweho byo gucukura.
- Udushya mu bikoresho bya Nanomaterial:Ibikoresho nka BaraHib® Nano na BaraSeal™-957 bikoresha uduce duto tw’ibumba kugira ngo bifunge uduce duto n’uduto tw’ibumba n’udusimba duto two mu mabuye y’ibumba n’uturemangingo. Utu duce dufunga inzira ntoya nka mikoroni 20, bigatanga igihombo gito kandi bikongera imikorere yo gufunga. Inzitizi zishingiye kuri nanotech zagaragaje imikorere myiza mu miterere ikora cyane kandi yimbitse cyane, bigabanya amazi menshi kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe.
- Amavuta yo gucukura ashingiye kuri Bentonite:Imiterere ya Bentonite yo kubyimba no koloyide ifasha mu gushyiraho umutsi wo mu gitaka udapfa kwinjira. Iyi myunyu ngugu karemano ifunga imihogo igakora akayunguruzo gafatika ku mwobo, ikagabanya amazi yinjira, ikongera uburyo bwo guhagarika ibishishwa, kandi igashyigikira ubudahinduka bw'imyobo. Bentonite ikomeje kuba ingenzi mu byondo bicukurwa bishingiye ku mazi kugira ngo bigenzure amazi.
Inyongera zo Gufunga Ibikomere Bitewe n'Ibyavunitse n'Ibyari Bisanzweho
Gufunga imvune ni ingenzi cyane mu gucukura ahantu hashyushye cyane kandi hafite umuvuduko mwinshi, aho imvune ziterwa n’ibice, ibisanzwe, n’ibyari bisanzweho bishobora kubangamira ubwiza bw’imiyoboro y’amazi.
- Inyongeramusaruro za Resin zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi:Polima zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike zakozwe kugira ngo zihangane n’imikorere ikabije yuzuza uduce duto n’uduce duto. Gupima neza ingano y’uduce bikongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gufunga, aho uduce duto twa resin tugira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya uduce duto twangiritse haba mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi muri laboratwari no mu murima.
- Ibifunga by'imiringoti:Ibikoresho byihariye nka BaraSeal™-957 target microfractures (20–150 µm) mu migozi yoroshye. Ibi bikomeza mu nzira zo kwangirika, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora kandi bigatanga umusanzu ukomeye mu gutuma imiyoboro y'amazi iguma neza.
- Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gukomera rishingiye kuri Gel:Jeli zikozwe mu mavuta, harimo n'amavuta arimo amavuta y'imyanda na resin ya epoxy, zagenewe kuziba amacandwe manini. Ingufu zazo nyinshi zo gukanda no gukuba igihe cyo kuziba zituma ziguma zimeze neza, ndetse n'iyo zandujwe n'amazi yo kuziba—ni nziza cyane mu gihe amazi yavuye mu mazi ashyushye cyane.
- Uburyo bwo kunoza uduce duto n'uburyo bwo gukora neza proppant:Ibikoresho bikomeye byo gupfunyika by'igihe gito, uduce duto tworoshye, n'ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bishingiye kuri calcite byahinduwe kugira ngo bihuzwe n'ingano zitandukanye z'ibice byacitse binyuze mu gushushanya igerageza rya orthogonal no kwerekana imibare. Isesengura ry'ingano y'uduce twa laser rituma habaho gushushanya neza, bigatuma amazi yo gucukura arushaho kuba meza kandi agapfunyika neza mu bice byacitse.
Uburyo bwo kongeramo ibinure mu kwirinda gutakaza amazi mu buryo bwo kuyungurura
Inyongeramusaruro zitakaza amazi mu gucukura icyondo ni inkingi ikomeye mu gukumira gutakaza amazi mu gihe cyo gucukura mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Uruhare rwazo ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura bentonite, rheology y'icyondo, no kugumana ubusugire bw'imiyoboro y'amazi muri rusange.
- Amavuta yo kurangiza magnesium bromide:Aya mazi yakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki abungabunga imikorere ya rheological mu gucukura HPHT, agafasha mu gusimbuza neza no kugabanya kwinjira kw'amazi mu buryo bw'ingufu.
- Amavuta yo gucukura akozwe mu buryo bwa Nanomaterial:Uduce duto tw’amazi tudahindagurika mu bushyuhe hamwe n’uturemangingo twahinduwe mu buryo bw’umwimerere ni byo bigenzura uburyo amazi atakaza ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’umuvuduko ukabije n’ubushyuhe. Inzitizi nshya zifite imiterere mishya zirusha polymer na lignite gakondo, zigumana imiterere ikenewe yo kuyungurura no kuyungurura mu gihe imikorere yayo iri hejuru.
- Inyongeramusaruro zishingiye kuri fosifore zirwanya kwambara:Izi nyongeramusaruro, harimo na ANAP, zikora chemisorb ku byuma biri mu mugozi w’imashini, zigakora tribofilms zigabanya kwangirika kw’imashini kandi zigashyigikira kudahungabana kw’imiyoboro y’amazi igihe kirekire—cyane cyane zigamije gukumira gusenyuka mu gihe cyo gucukura amariba maremare cyane.
Gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo no gukoresha uburyo bwo kongeramo imiti mu buryo bujyanye n'igihe
Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura ubukana bw'amazi yo gucukura mu gihe nyacyo hamwe na sisitemu zikoresha imiti zikoresha ikoranabuhanga birakenewe cyane mu kugenzura igihombo cy'amazi yo gucukura mu bidukikije bifite HPHT nyinshi cyane.
- Sisitemu zo Gukurikirana Amazi Zishingiye kuri FPGA:Ikoranabuhanga rya FlowPrecision n'andi asa naryo rikoresha imiyoboro y'ubwonko na sensor zoroshye za hardware kugira ngo rikurikirane buri gihe ibura ry'amazi mu gihe nyacyo. Gupima umurongo no gukoresha edge computing bitanga isuzuma ryihuse kandi ryimbitse ry'amazi, rishyigikira sisitemu zo gusubiza zikora.
- Kwiga Gukomeza Ingufu (RL) mu Gupima Amazi:Algorithm za RL, nka Q-learning, zihindura urwego rw'ibipimo by'inyongera mu buryo bugaragara bitewe n'ibitekerezo bitangwa na sensor, zigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gutanga amazi mu gihe habayeho kutumvikana mu mikorere. Uburyo bwo gukora porogaramu zikoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe bwongerera imbaraga cyane uburyo bwo kugabanya igihombo cy'amazi no kugenzura uburyo bwo kuyayungurura hatabayeho gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyakoresha mu buryo bugaragara.
- Uburyo bwo Guhuza Ibikoresho Bitandukanye n'Amakuru:Guhuza ibikoresho byo kwambara, sensors zishyirwamo, n'ibikoresho by'ubwenge bitanga ubushobozi bwo gupima mu buryo bufatika kandi mu gihe nyacyo imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura. Guhuza amakuru atandukanye byongera icyizere cyo gupima, bikaba ari ingenzi mu gukumira gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gucukura no kugenzura uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibibazo mu gihe cyo gucukura bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi.
Binyuze mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwirinda ibitero bike, sisitemu zigezweho zo kongeramo ibintu, no gukurikirana mu buryo butunguranye, ibikorwa byo gucukura amariba maremare cyane bihura n'ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mazi anyura mu mwobo—kugira ngo birinde gusenyuka kw'amazi, kugenzura uburwayi bw'imitsi no gucukura amazi mu buryo buhamye, no gucukura mu buryo buhamye kandi bwizewe mu bigega bikomeye cyane.
Kunoza imikorere myiza binyuze mu igenzura n'amabwiriza bihuriweho
Gukomeza kunoza imitako mu gucukura amariba menshi cyane bisaba ko habaho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe mu buryo bufatika, kugenzura imiti mu buryo bwikora, no gucunga inyongeramusaruro mu buryo buhanitse. Ibi bintu ni ingenzi mu gukemura ibibazo byo kutagira aho bibohera mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi (HPHT).
Umutobe wo gucukura Bentonite
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Guhuza ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bwo kurikoresha
Gukurikirana ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo
Ibikoresho bya HTHP bihindura imivuduko bikoresha viscometers zihindura imivuduko n'imbaraga za rukuruzi kugira ngo bitange ubumenyi nyabwo kandi buhoraho ku bijyanye na rheology yo gucukura ibyondo, ndetse no mu bidukikije birenga 40.000 psig na 600°F. Ibi byuma bipima neza ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe riterwa n'ubushyuhe, igitutu, ubwandu, n'ingano y'ibinyabutabire, biha ababikora ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura ako kanya. Isuzuma ry'ubutaka ryemeza ko viscometer ihindura imivuduko y'amazi yo gucukura ishobora guhuza cyangwa kurenza uburyo busanzwe bwo muri laboratwari mu gihe ikora mu byobo birebire cyane, cyane cyane ibijyanye n'imiterere y'amazi yo gucukura ya bentonite n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije biri hasi.
Sisitemu zo kugenzura byikora
Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bukoresha uburyo bwo gukora ibintu buhuza ibitekerezo bya sensor bivuye mu gukurikirana ubukana bw'amazi yo gucukura mu buryo bwihuse hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "smart chemical dosing system". Izi sisitemu zigenzura mu buryo bwikora inyongeramusaruro za rheological - zihindura ubukana bw'ibyondo, ubucucike, n'uburyo bwo gusya - binyuze mu gutanga inyongeramusaruro zatakaye ku byondo byo gucukura cyangwa inyongeramusaruro zatakaye mu buryo bugezweho uko bikenewe. Inzego zo kwigira ku mashini zitanga imbaraga mu kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora ibintu, zikoresha amakuru arambuye kugira ngo zimenye uko ubukana buhagaze kandi zitange inama ku buryo ibipimo bifatwa. Iyi ngamba igabanya ibibazo byo kugenzura ubukana bw'ibipimo byatakaye ku mazi yo gucukura kandi igashyigikira ibisubizo bihindagurika ku mpinduka mu miterere no kwangirika kw'ibice.
Uburyo bwo kongeramo ibyondo bishingiye kuri Bentonite
Guhitamo inyongeramusaruro mu buryo bugezweho bifasha mu gukumira ibura ry’ingufu mu gucukura ibyondo kandi bigafasha mu gukumira ihungabana ry’imiyoboro y’amazi. Ibice bibungabunga ibidukikije nka ifu y’igishishwa cya mandarin birakora neza nk'ibigabanya imiterere y’amazi, bigabanya kubyimba kw’ibishishwa no gutakaza amazi. Lignosulfonates n’inyongeramusaruro zishingiye kuri silicon zikomoka ku myanda y’inganda birushaho kunoza imikorere y’inyongeramusaruro z’amazi yo gucukura bentonite, bitanga inyungu mu miterere y’ibyondo n’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gutera imiti hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera imiti kugira ngo habeho ikiguzi cyo gucukura, kubahiriza ibidukikije, no kugira akamaro mu gucunga inyongeramusaruro z’amazi yo gucukura ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Imikorere ihoraho yo Gutunganya Imirimo mu Gucukura HPHT
Gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa n'imikorere ya HPHT yubakiye kuri ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga buhuriweho:
Gukoresha HTHP Vibrational Viscometers:
- Shyira ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor hejuru no hasi, urebe neza ko inzira z'amazi zigomba gukwirakwira.
- Guhindura imiterere y'amakuru ku gihe, ukoresheje uburyo bwa "smart algorithms" bwo gusesengura amakuru no kuyahindura uko ahagaze.
Gukusanya amakuru no gukora inyigo ya Rheology:
- Gukusanya amakuru y’indwara z’imitsi mu buryo bw’igihe nyacyo, ukurikije imbogamizi zo mu gace utuyemo.
- Koresha uburyo bwo kwigisha imashini kugira ngo ukore ingero zigaragaza imyitwarire y'ibyondo n'ibibazo byo kudahungabana kw'imitsi.
Amabwiriza agenga umuvuduko ufunze n'uburyo bwo kongeramo inyongera:
- Koresha uburyo bwo kugenzura imiti bwikora bukoresheje sensor mu gucukura kugira ngo uhindure inyongeramusaruro zitakaza amazi, viscosifiers, na stabilizers.
- Intego yo kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'ibicukurwa by'ibumba no kugabanya imikorere y'ibicukurwa hakoreshejwe ibitekerezo bivuye muri sisitemu za viscometer.
Gucunga inyongeramusaruro no kugenzura uburyo bwo kuyungurura:
- Hitamo kandi ukoreshe uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma ry’ibinyabutabire bicukurwa mu buryo bwikora hamwe n’ibifasha mu gukumira gutakaza amazi.
- Shyiraho inyongeramusaruro zitakaza amazi zirinda ibidukikije mu gucukura ibyondo, bihujwe n'intego z'amategeko n'iz'imikorere.
Raporo n'Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere:
- Imikorere y'igenzura idahwema itanga inyandiko zigaragaza uburyo bwo gukosora ibintu mu buryo bugaragara kandi bushobora gukurikiranwa.
- Huza amakuru y'imikorere n'impinduka mu mikorere kugira ngo ushyigikire gufata ibyemezo byihuse no gusuzuma imikorere.
Guhuza ibikorwa byo kugenzura, kugenzura no gucunga inyongeramusaruro ni ingenzi cyane mu guhangana n’ibibazo bya HPHT no kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho. Sisitemu zikora, ingamba z’inyongeramusaruro zigezweho, n’imiyoboro ya sensor mu gihe nyacyo bitanga ubushishozi bukenewe kugira ngo imikorere ibe myiza mu gucukura ibintu mu buryo bugezweho.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
1. Ni iki gituma gucukura amariba y’amazi menshi cyane bigorana mu gucunga amazi yo gucukura?
Gucukura amariba menshi cyane bituma amazi agera ahantu habi cyane. Ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko mu mariba ya HPHT biruta kure ibyo mu macukura asanzwe. Ibi bintu byihutisha kwangirika kw'amazi, byongera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura, kandi byongera ibyago byo kudakomera kw'amazi. Ibyondo bisanzwe byo gucukura bishobora kwangirika vuba, bigatuma kugenzura rheology no gukumira gutakaza amazi birushaho kugorana. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo kugenzura amazi akenshi ntibishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko ukabije wa HPHT, bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku mazi no gusenyuka. Bityo rero, sisitemu zihariye z'ibyondo n'inyongera zigezweho zirakenewe kugira ngo hakomeze imikorere n'ubuziranenge muri ibi bice.
2. Ni gute inyongeramusaruro z'amazi yo gucukura bentonite zinoza imikorere mu byobo bifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi bishyuha cyane?
Inyongeramusaruro z'amazi yo gucukura Bentonite zifasha mu kugumana ubushyuhe no kugabanya igihombo cy'amazi mu bidukikije bya HPHT. Imiterere myiza ya bentonite, harimo nano-silica cyangwa ibinyabutabire bishingiye kuri bio nka RTLS, ituma rheology y'amazi igumana ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bikarinda gutakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi no gushyigikira ubushyuhe. Inyongeramusaruro nka henna cyangwa hibiscus leaf extracts nazo zigira uruhare mu gutuma ubushyuhe bugumana ubushyuhe no kunoza uburyo bwo kuyungurura, bigatanga ibisubizo birambye byo gucukura ubushyuhe bwinshi. Izi nzoga za bentonite zikozwe neza zituma amavuta akoreshwa neza kandi ibice bikagenda neza, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo gusenyuka kw'amazi mu byobo bya HPHT.
3. Gukurikirana viscosity mu gihe nyacyo ni iki kandi kuki ari ingenzi?
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo bikoresha ibikoresho bipima buri gihe, nka HTHP cyangwa Lonnmeter vibration viscometers, kugira ngo bipime imiterere y'amazi neza neza ku gikoresho. Ubu buryo bukuraho gutinda guterwa no gupima no gusesengura hakoreshejwe intoki. Mu gutanga amakuru agezweho, izi sisitemu zemerera guhindura vuba imiterere y'ibyondo bicukurwa, bigamije kwemeza ko rheology ari nziza kandi bikarinda ibibazo nka barite sag cyangwa igihombo kinini cy'amazi. Hagaragajwe iterambere mu mikorere, kongera ubuziranenge bw'imiyoboro y'amazi, no kugabanya igihe kidatanga umusaruro aho hakoreshwa uburyo bwikora bwo kugenzura rheology.
4. Ni gute sisitemu yo gupima imiti ifite amabwiriza yikora ikora mu gihe cyo gucukura?
Sisitemu zo gupima imiti zikoresha mudasobwa zikoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura imikorere y'amazi yo gucukura. Ibikoresho byo gupima amazi mu gihe nyacyo bihora bigaragaza imiterere y'amazi nk'umuvuduko w'amazi n'igipimo cyo kuyungurura. Sisitemu isobanura ibi bimenyetso kandi igashyiramo inyongeramusaruro (nk'ibikoresho bitakaza amazi cyangwa rheology modifiers) ku gipimo cyabazwe kugira ngo igumane imiterere y'amazi. Igenzura rikozwe mu buryo bufunze rikuraho gukenera gukoresha intoki buri gihe, rinoza imiterere y'amazi, kandi rigatuma habaho guhuza n'imiterere y'amazi ahinduka. Imiterere igezweho ikoresha AI na Industry 4.0 ihuza dosing na automation yo gucukura, icunga neza sisitemu zikomeye z'amazi mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bya HPHT cyangwa fracturing.
5. Ni gute inyongeramusaruro zitakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura zifasha mu gukumira isenyuka ry'imiyoboro y'amazi?
Inyongeramusaruro zitakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura zigabanya kwinjira kw'amazi mu micungire y'amazi binyuze mu gukora imitsi mito kandi ikomeye. Mu byobo bya HPHT, ibifunga byoroheje (urugero, nano-silica ifite polymers) cyangwa ibinyabutabire byakuwemo biomass ni ingirakamaro cyane - byongera ubuziranenge bw'umutsi wa filter kandi bigakomeza kuringaniza umuvuduko ku rukuta rw'amazi. Ibi bigabanya ibyago byo gusenyuka kw'imitsi binyuze mu kwirinda kugabanuka k'umuvuduko no kwangirika kw'amazi. Ibisubizo by'umurima bivuye mu mirima ikuze n'iyavunitse byemeza uruhare rw'izi nyongeramusaruro zigezweho mu kudahungabana kw'imitsi no kunoza imikorere yo gucukura mu bihe bikomeye bya HPHT.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-04-2025
