Gupima amazi mu buryo bw'umurongo ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo imiti ihumanya nka aside sulfurike ifashishwe mu bwato bw'ibinyabutabire ifashishwe mu buryo bwizewe kandi bukurikije amategeko. Bitanga amakuru nyayo kandi nyayo y'amazi akoreshwa mu buryo bufatika kugira ngo birinde kuzuza byinshi, gusuka no kwanduzanya, byujuje ibisabwa mu mategeko harimo n'amahame ya IMO na MARPOL, kandi bifasha kohereza neza uburyo bwo kubika amazi. Ibipimo by'amazi bya Lonnmeter Coriolis bitanga icyizere ntagereranywa, bihuzwa neza n'uburyo bwo kwihutisha ubwikorezi bw'ubwato kugira ngo bigabanye amakosa y'abantu n'ibyago by'imikorere.
Intangiriro yo gucunga aside sulfuriki mu gutwara abantu mu mazi
Aside sulfuriki ni shimi y'ingenzi mu bikorwa by'inganda, ikaba iyobora ibikorwa binini mu gukora ifumbire mvaruganda, gukora imiti ikomoka kuri peteroli, gutunganya peteroli no gutunganya ibyuma. Akamaro kayo kagera no mu gukora bateri, gutunganya amazi yanduye, no mu ruganda rw'imyenda, bigatuma aside sulfuriki iba imwe mu miti ikoreshwa cyane kandi itwarwa n'amazi menshi ku isi.
Amato y'ibinyabutabire
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Kubera ubushobozi bwayo bukomeye bwo kwangiza no guteza akaga, amato y’ibinyabutabire byo mu mazi yakozwe mu buryo bwihariye bwo gutwara aside sulfure mu buryo bwizewe. Ibigega by’amazi bikunze kubakwa mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umwanda cyangwa gitwikiriwe n’ibyuma byihariye nka titaniyumu, bigamije kurwanya aside no kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga. Imiterere y’ibice bibiri, uburyo bwo guhumeka neza, uburyo bwo kuvoma butandukanye, n’imiyoboro yo gushyushya/gukonjesha imizigo ni ibintu bisanzwe bigamije imiterere y’ibinyabutabire bikoresha imiti no kwizerwa mu mikorere. Urwego rw’amategeko rw’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubutaka (IMO), harimo n’amategeko Mpuzamahanga agenga Ibicuruzwa Bishobora Gutwara Ibintu mu Nyanja (IMDG) n’ingingo za MARPOL, runateganya amahame yo hejuru ku miterere y’amato y’ibinyabutabire yo mu mazi, ubushobozi bw’abakozi, no kwitegura mu gihe cy’impanuka.
Gutwara aside sulfuriki mu mazi bihura n'imbogamizi nyinshi zidasanzwe. Gupima neza urujya n'uruza rw'aside sulfuriki mu gihe cyo gupakira, gutwara no gusohora ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe kuzuza byinshi, kugabanya ibyago byo gusuka, no kubara uburyo imizigo ibikwa. Kuba aside sulfuriki ikora nabi cyane kandi ikanangira bisaba gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupima urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu mazi—ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima urujya n'uruza ntibikwiye, kuko bihita byononekara cyangwa bigatakaza ubushobozi bwo kubigenzura. Igipimo cy'urujya n'uruza rw'amazi cya Coriolis n'ikindi gipimo cy'urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu binyabutabire bitanga imikorere ikomeye muri ibi bidukikije, bitanga amakuru y'urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu buryo butaziguye adafite ingaruka ku mpinduka mu bushyuhe, ubucucike, cyangwa ubwinshi bw'aside.
Gupima amazi mu bwato ni inkingi ikomeye mu bipimo bigezweho byo gupima amazi mu bwato. Ibipimo by’amazi bihuriweho bya aside sulfuriki, nk’ibipimo by’amazi mu bwato bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya coriolis flowmeter, bikurikirana kandi bigatanga amakuru ajyanye n’amazi mu bwato mu buryo nyabwo ku biro bigenzura imizigo by’ubwato. Izi sisitemu zishyigikira igenzura ry’amazi mu bwato neza kugira ngo habeho gukurikirana ububiko bw’ibintu, kumenya amazi asohoka, no kunoza imikorere, bigamije umutekano w’abatwara ubwato n’ubwikorezi bw’imizigo yo mu bwato neza. Sisitemu zizewe zo gupima amazi mu bwato zemerera abakora akazi kugenzura ingano y’imizigo no gusohora ibicuruzwa no kubahiriza inshingano zo gutanga raporo ku mategeko mu gihe bigabanya ibyago byo kuyakoresha.
Gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubwiyongere bw'amazi mu mazi—cyane cyane ibikoresho biri mu murongo nka Lonnmeter inline density meter cyangwa inline viscosity meter—bigize urwego rw'ibanze rw'umutekano n'imikorere myiza mu gutwara amato y'ibinyabutabire. Ibikoresho byo gupima ubwiyongere bw'amazi mu mazi bikwiye ntibishyigikira gusa imikorere myiza ahubwo binashimangira amabwiriza yuzuye yo gucunga umutekano w'amato y'ibinyabutabire mu mazi akenewe mu gucunga imiti ishobora guteza akaga mu mazi.
Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'amatanki y'imiti atwara aside sulfuriki
Kohereza aside sulfurike mu bwato bw’imiti bisaba guhuza cyane ubwubatswe bw’ibigega byihariye, gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bugezweho, gucunga imizigo neza, no guhuza neza uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano no gupima.
Kubaka ikigega cyihariye: Imiterere y'ibice bibiri n'imyambaro idakonjesha
Amato yo mu mazi agezweho atwara aside sulfurike akoresha imiterere ibiri, ituma habaho ibice bibiri bidapfa amazi bitandukanya imizigo n’ibidukikije byo mu mazi. Ibi bigabanya cyane ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije mu gihe igice cyo hanze cy’ubwato cyangiritse—ikintu cy’ingenzi mu gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi irimo imizigo ihumanya cyane.
Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ikigega bigenwa n'imiterere y'ubukana bwa aside sulfurike. Ibigega bikunze kubakwa mu byuma bitagira umugese byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka 316L na 904L, cyangwa titaniyumu kugira ngo birwane neza. Aho icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa titaniyumu bidashoboka mu bukungu, ibigega by'icyuma cyoroheje birindwa n'ibice bigezweho birwanya ingese. Ibigega bya vinyl-flake reinforced vinyl bikoreshwa cyane kugira ngo birambe kandi bigire amazi make, bitanga uburinzi mu bushakashatsi bw'ibanze mu myaka icumi ishize.Irangi rya polymeri ry'ubwoko bwa hybrid, guhuza molekile z’ibinyabuzima n’izidafite umwimerere, birushaho kugaragara kugira ngo bihuze uburyo bworoshye bwo guhangana n’ubudahangarwa bw’ibinyabutabire, cyane cyane ingirakamaro mu bihe by’imizigo ihindagurika. Uburyo bwo gukoresha bukubiyemo gutegura ubuso hakoreshejwe guturitsa no kugenzura ibipimo by’ibidukikije kugira ngo harebwe ko bifatanye kandi biramba. Gusuzuma buri gihe ibi bipfukanyo—binyuze mu gupima ubunini, isuzuma ry’iminsi mikuru, no gusuzuma amazi—birinda kwangirika vuba, gupfuka kw’icyuma, cyangwa kwangirika k’umuyoboro w’amazi, byose byagiye bitera ibyago bikomeye mu mikorere no gukoresha amafaranga menshi mu gusana.
Uburyo bwo Gutandukanya no Gukumira Kwanduzwa n'Ibintu Bitandukanye
Uburyo bukomeye bwo gutandukanya imizigo ni ingenzi mu bikorwa byo gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi. Ibigega by'imizigo bigabanyijwemo imiyoboro yihariye, valves, n'uburyo bwo gusohora imyobo, bituma ingano zitandukanye za shimi, harimo imbaraga zitandukanye n'ingano ya aside sulfure, zidashobora kuvanga mu gihe cyo kohereza imizigo. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiga imizigo n'imiyoboro yihariye y'imizigo kuri buri kigega birinda kwanduzwa cyangwa gusubira inyuma mu buryo bw'impanuka, bigakomeza kugira ubuziranenge bwa shimi kandi bigakomeza gucunga neza ibidukikije.
Sisitemu zigezweho zo gusukura ibigega, zikoresha amazi ashyushye cyane cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura, ni ingenzi nyuma ya buri rugendo kugira ngo zikureho aside isigaye kandi zizeze ko ibigega bizakomeza gukora neza. Kunanirwa gutandukanya cyangwa gusukura byagiye bitera ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y’ibinyabutabire ndetse n’ibibazo bikomeye byo gusukura.
Sisitemu zo kohereza no kohereza imizigo ku mazi yangiza cyane
Uburyo bwihariye bwo gupompa imizigo ku bwato bw’ibinyabutabire bwo mu mazi bwakozwe kugira ngo bushobore kwihanganira ingaruka mbi za aside sulfure. Pompe z’imizigo, ubusanzwe zubakishijwe icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gifunze cyane cyangwa zikozwe mu bikoresho bihuye, zagenewe gucunga ibyuma bikaze nta kibazo. Izi pompe zorohereza imizigo no kuyipakurura mu gihe cy’ibikorwa byo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi.
Imiyoboro yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ikorwa mu byuma birwanya ingese cyangwa irinzwe n'imigozi ivanze. Imiyoboro ifite impuzandengo ikoresha gaskets zirwanya ingese cyane, nka PTFE, kugira ngo igumane ubuziranenge mu gihe cy'impinduka. Imiyoboro yose, valves, n'imiyoboro igenzurwa kenshi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari aho amazi ava cyangwa yangiritse.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'umutekano no guhuza na sisitemu zo gupima
Umutekano w’ubwato bw’ibinyabutabire bushingiye ku guhuza uburyo bwo gupima no kugenzura neza ibintu n’ibikoresho bisanzwe by’umutekano. Ibipimo by’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko w’amazi bikoreshwa mu gupima ibintu, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kuzimya ibintu mu gihe cy’impanuka ni ibintu bisanzwe. Ibi byuzuzwa n’ibipimo by’amazi aside sulfuriki n’ibipimo by’amazi bigezweho mu mazi kugira ngo bipime amazi aside sulfuriki mu buryo bw’igihe nyacyo no gukurikirana amazi mu gihe cyose cyo gutwara imizigo.
Ingano y'amazi ya CoriolisIkoranabuhanga rya r rikundwa cyane mu gupima amazi mu bwato bitewe n'uko ripima neza kandi neza ubwinshi bw'amazi n'ubucucike—ni ingenzi cyane mu gukurikirana igipimo cyo kohereza aside sulfure no kwemeza ingano y'imizigo. Ibipimo by'ubucucike n'ubucucike bya Lonnmeter bishobora guhuzwa ahantu h'ingenzi ho kohereza, bigatanga izindi nzego zo kugenzura inzira no gukumira impanuka. Ibi bikoresho byo gupima bifasha abakora ibikorwa gupima aside sulfure mu buryo buhoraho hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga imikorere, kurinda abakozi binyuze mu gutangaza amakuru ku gihe, no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora neza.Igipimo cy'imikoreshereze y'imitiamakuru yo kwishyuza no gucunga ububiko bw'ibikoresho.
Urusobe rwuzuye rw'umutekano rugizwe kandi n'ibikoresho byo gutahura imyuka, ibikoresho byo kwirinda indwara ku giti cyawe bifite ireme, ubushobozi bwo kuzimya inkongi butaziguye cyangwa bushobora kwimurwa, hamwe na sisitemu za gaze zitagira imyuka kugira ngo zirwanye kurekurwa cyangwa ingaruka z'impanuka. Guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi n'uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'ubuhanga hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuzimya vuba bituma habaho gukumira ingaruka vuba, kubungabunga umutekano w'abakozi n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi mu gihe cyo kohereza aside sulfure mu bwato.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubwinshi bw'amazi mu bwato butwara ibinyabutabire
Uruhare rw'ibipimo by'amazi aside sulfuriki
Gupima neza, gukomeza, kandi mu buryo nyabwo, urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu bwato ni ingenzi mu mutekano w'ubwato bw'ibinyabutabire n'imikorere yabwo. Gukwirakwiza aside sulfuriki ku bwato bw'ibinyabutabire bwo mu mazi bisaba ko hakorwa isuzuma ryimbitse kugira ngo hirindwe ko buzura cyane, amazi ava cyangwa ingaruka zitagenzurwa. Gukoresha nabi aside sulfuriki bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije cyangwa kwangiza uburyo amato akoresha.
Ubwoko busanzwe bw'ibipimo by'amazi aside sulfuriki ku bwato bw'ibinyabutabire burimo ibipimo by'amazi meza, ibipimo by'amazi meza akoresha amashanyarazi, na bipimo by'amazi meza bya Coriolis. Ibipimo by'amazi meza akoresha amashanyarazi birwana n'ibice by'amazi cyangwa aside viscous. Ibipimo by'amazi meza akoresha amashanyarazi bisaba amazi ayobora ariko bishobora kubura ubuziranenge mu gihe cy'impinduka mu bushyuhe bw'ubwato.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa aside sulfuriki bugabanya cyane igihe cyo kubaho cya metero nyinshi zisanzwe. Ubushyuhe buhindagurika, ubucucike, n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe, ibikoresho bigabanya imbaraga bidakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bukabije. Ingendo n'izunguruka bihoraho ku bwato bisaba ibipimo bikomeye bishobora kugenzura neza inzira y'amazi ya aside sulfuriki mu buryo bwizewe kandi mu buryo nyabwo.
Igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa Coriolis Mass: Igisubizo cyiza
Ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi bya Coriolis bikoresha ingaruka za Coriolis. Uko aside sulfurike inyura mu miyoboro ya sensor ihindagurika, umuvuduko w'amazi utera impinduka mu miyoboro. Iyi mpinduka y'umuvuduko w'amazi ijyanye n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi bihora bikurikirana ibi bihe kugira ngo bitange ingero z'umuvuduko w'amazi mu buryo butaziguye, bitagengwa n'impinduka z'umuvuduko w'amazi, ubucucike, cyangwa ubushyuhe.
Gupima urujya n'uruza rw'aside sulfuriki mu gihe nyacyo nabyo bigira akamaro ku bushobozi bwa meter ya Coriolis bwo gukoresha ibipimo byinshi. Uburyo bumwe bwo gupima urujya n'uruza rw'aside sulfuriki, ubucucike, n'ubushyuhe icyarimwe. Ku bwato bw'ibinyabutabire bwo mu mazi, bivuze ko igikoresho kimwe gishobora gushyigikira kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'aside sulfuriki, kugenzura ubushyuhe, n'ibirango by'ubushyuhe, byose mu gihe kimwe.
Ugereranyije n'ibindi bipimo byo gupima amazi yo mu mazi, ikoranabuhanga rya Coriolis flowmeter rishobora kwihanganira ibibazo bya aside sulfurike. Aho ibipimo bya elegitoroniki bishobora gushukwa no guhinduka kw'ubucucike bwihuse cyangwa bigasaba kongera gupimwa, kandi ibipimo bya elegitoroniki bishobora gutera aside no kwangirika, imiterere ya Coriolis irahebuje bitewe n'imiterere yayo ya soldered, idahinduka ibice ndetse n'uburyo bwo gupima uburemere butaziguye. Ibipimo bya Coriolis bisaba gusanwa gake kandi bigaragaza ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku guhindagurika cyangwa kuziba.
Kwitondera no gukoresha neza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibintu bibe byizerwa. Ibipimo bigomba gukorwa mu byuma birwanya aside—ibikoresho nka tantalum cyangwa ibindi byuma bigezweho ni ingenzi kugira ngo bihangane n’aside sulfure igihe kirekire, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ubwikorezi bw’imizigo yo mu mazi. Sisitemu zo gupima amazi mu bwato zigira uruhare mu gushyiraho neza bigabanya guhinda no gukuraho umuvuduko uterwa n’ingendo z’indege.
Kwinjizwa mu buryo bwikora bw'ubwato butuma icyuma gipima ubwinshi bw'amazi cya Coriolis kigenzura ingano cyangwa igabanuka ry'aside, gishyigikiraibikorwa byo kurinda ibidukikije, no kubungabunga amakuru ajyanye n’amategeko agenga ubwikorezi bw’imizigo yo mu mazi. Iyo ibi bipimo byatoranijwe neza kandi bigashyirwaho neza, bigabanya cyane uburyo bwo kubikoresha n’ibyago, bigasimbuza ubundi buryo bwa radiometric na mekanike bushaje, hagashyirwaho uburyo bwo kubipima ubwikorezi bw’amazi bunoze bwo kubipima ubwikorezi bw’imizigo yo mu mazi bukenewe.
Ibyiza bya Coriolis mass flowmeters—kwizerwa, ubunyangamugayo, amakuru ya multi-parameters, kurwanya ingese, no guhuza imikorere y’ibikoresho—bituma biba amahitamo meza yo kugenzura aside sulfurike ku bwato bw’ibinyabutabire. Gukoresha ubwo buryo byongera umutekano mu mikorere, bigabanya kubungabunga, kandi bigaha agaciro kubahiriza umutekano w’ubwato bw’ibinyabutabire bwo mu mazi n’ibisabwa mu bidukikije.
Gushyiraho no kubungabunga sisitemu zo gupima amazi mu bwato
Gushyiraho neza ibipimo by'amazi aside sulfuriki ni ingenzi cyane ku mutekano w'ubwato bw'ibinyabutabire, ku buryo bunoze mu gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi, no kugira ngo imikorere ibe myiza. Ikoranabuhanga rya Coriolis flowmeter, by'umwihariko, rikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'uko rikomeye kandi rikora neza mu gucunga amazi yangiza nka aside sulfuriki.
Amabwiriza yo gushyiraho neza
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane mu gushyiraho ibipimo by'amazi aside sulfuriki ku bwato bw'ibinyabutabire bwo mu mazi. Ibice byose bitose byashyizwemo aside, nk'imiyoboro n'ibyumba byo gupimira, bigomba gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya ingese nka Hastelloy C-22, tantalum, cyangwa PTFE liners zikora neza. Icyuma gisanzwe cyo mu mazi ntikibereye aside sulfuriki irimo imbaraga nyinshi, kuko gishobora kwangirika vuba.
Igipimo kigomba gushyirwaho aho gikomeza kuba cyuzuye amazi mu bihe byose byo gukora. Aho gishyirwa hashobora kuba hitaruye cyangwa hitaruye; aho gishyirwa hahagaze akenshi hongerera ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi, mu gihe aho gishyirwa hahagaze hashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wa mekanike. Amahitamo agomba kuzirikana imiterere yihariye ya sisitemu yo gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi n'amabwiriza ya Lonnmeter. Aho gishyirwa hagomba kwirinda ahantu hahindagurika cyane hatajyanye n'inzira, kuko imiyoboro itembera mu mazi igira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye no kurambye kwa sensor.
Imiyoboro yegeranye igomba kandi kurwanya kwangirika kwa aside sulfuriki, akenshi ikoresha icyuma cya PTFE cyangwa ibyuma bigezweho bya FRP. Ibipimo by'amazi ntibigomba gushyirwa hafi y'aho ipompe zisohokera cyangwa hepfo y'imiyoboro, bigabanye ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amazi ashobora kugoreka gupima aside sulfuriki. Uburyo bukwiye bwo gushingiraho imiyoboro n'uburyo bwo kuyitandukanya bifasha gukumira ko ihererekanya ry'amazi n'imitwaro ya mekanike bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy'amazi ku mikorere y'imiti.
Gucunga ubushyuhe nabyo ni ingenzi; icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kigomba kugenwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubushyuhe bwinshi buteganijwe mu gihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi. Ibipimo by'umuvuduko bigomba guhuza cyangwa kurenza ukwiyongera kw'imiyoboro y'amazi—ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mutekano mu bikorwa by'amato y'imiti. Icyerekezo cy'icyuma gipima amazi kigomba kandi koroshya amazi no kuyasukura neza, bigabanye aside ihuriweho yihutisha ingese.
Kurinda ibisasu ni ingenzi bitewe n’imiterere y’ahantu ho gutwara imizigo n’ibinyabutabire. Ibipimo by’amazi bya Coriolis bigomba gukoresha ahantu hadashobora guturika cyangwa insinga zitekanye, hakurikijwe amahame agenga inyanja ku bice biteje akaga. Imiyoboro y’insinga idakoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu itegetswe, hamwe n’uburyo bwitondewe bwo kuyiyobora kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika guterwa no guhinda cyangwa kwangirika kw’imiti. Gutera itaka no gufatanya neza n’amashanyarazi bikuraho ihindagurika ry’ibintu—akaga gakomeye mu gihe cyo kohereza aside sulfure, bikongera umutekano w’ibikorwa by’amato y’ibinyabutabire yo mu mazi.
Ibipimo byose bigomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo byoroshye kubigeraho. Ibi ni ingenzi mu igenzura risanzwe, isuku, gupima buri gihe no gusana byihutirwa. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite uburinzi bwinshi bwo kwinjira—nibura IP66—kugira ngo bihangane n’umwuka utose kandi wuzuyemo umunyu usanzwe mu gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi.
Uburyo bwo kubungabunga
Gukomeza kubungabunga sisitemu zo gupima amazi mu bwato mu bwato bw’ibinyabutabire bigabanya igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho kandi bigagabanya igihe cyo gukora. Igenzura rihoraho ryibanda ku gufunga birwanya imiti, gusukura icyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko aside ihinduka, no kugenzura umutekano w’imiyoboro yose y’amashanyarazi n’iy’imashini. Gufunga birwanya aside na gasket bigomba gusimburwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’uruganda, ukurikije imiterere y’ubukana bw’aside sulfure.
Gusukura buri gihe hakoreshejwe ibisubizo bihuye bikuraho ibisigazwa bya aside, bikarinda ko amazi yiyongera. Ibikoresho byo gupima, cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga rya Coriolis, bigomba kuguma uko biri kugira ngo bigumane amanota ya IP. Ibikoresho byo guhuza imiyoboro y'amazi byoroshye, iyo bikoreshejwe, bigomba kugenzurwa niba nta byangiritse cyangwa amazi yavuyemo. Inyandiko zo kubungabunga zigomba kubikwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga raporo z'inganda zo mu mazi, zikerekana ibikorwa byose bya serivisi kugira ngo hagenzurwe umutekano n'ibisabwa mu bwishingizi.
Uburyo bwo gusuzuma kure no kubungabunga amakuru mbere y’igihe—ubu busanzwe mu bipimo by’amazi yo mu nyanja—bifasha kumenya ibimenyetso by’uko sensor igenda cyangwa igafunga igice cy’amazi, bigatuma habaho gahunda yo kuyatunganya mbere y’uko hagira ikibazo cyangwa ihungabana ritwara amafaranga menshi.
Igenzura rya Sisitemu Ihuriweho
Uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima amazi mu mazi akenshi buhuza neza na sisitemu yo kwihutisha ubwikorezi bw'ubwato n'uburyo bwo gucunga imizigo. Igenzura rya sisitemu rihuriweho ntirigomba kugerageza gusa icyuma gipima amazi ahubwo rinapima inzira yose y'amakuru. Ku bipimo by'amazi mu bwato bya Lonnmeter, abahanga mu by'ubwato bagomba kugenzura uburyo buhamye bwo kuvugana na sisitemu zo kugenzura zikoresha ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Gupima inshuro zishobora gukorwa: kwimura ibintu mu buryo budasanzwe cyangwa gusubiramo ibipimo bipima bipima umusaruro w’icyo gipimo bihuye n’agaciro k’ibiteganyijwe kuri konsole y’ubugenzuzi. Imikorere y’itangazo, nk’ibipimo by’amazi atembera cyane cyangwa make, bigomba gukorwa buri gihe no kugenzurwa. Guhuza ibipimo by’amazi atembera n’ifungwa ry’ubutabazi bw’ubwato birushaho kongera umutekano w’ubwato bw’ibinyabutabire, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo guhita usubiza iyo imiterere idasanzwe igaragaza ko umurongo ucitse cyangwa ucitse.
Ibikorwa byose byo gushyiraho, kubungabunga no gupima bigomba gufatwa mu nyandiko ziri mu bwato, hakurikijwe amahame agenwa n'inzego zishinzwe iby'amazi. Abakozi bo mu kigo bakeneye amahugurwa ahoraho atari mu gukoresha metero gusa, ahubwo no mu guhangana n'ibiza bishobora kwangirika no gusubiza amakuru yerekeye uburyo bwo gupima mu buryo bukurikije amabwiriza agenga ubwikorezi bw'imizigo yo mu mazi.
Hasi aha hari ishusho y'uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho, kubungabunga buri gihe, no guhuza sisitemu y'ibipimo by'amazi aside sulfuriki mu bwato bw'ibinyabutabire:
Gupima Uruzinduko rw'Umuvuduko mu Gihe Nyacyo: Kongera Umutekano no Gukurikiza Amategeko
Gupima urujya n'uruza rw'aside sulfuriki mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu mutekano w'ubwato bw'ibinyabutabire n'uko byubahirije amategeko. Ku bwato bw'ibinyabutabire, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye nko gupakira no gupakurura aside sulfuriki, kubona amakuru nyayo y'urujya n'uruza by'ibinyabutabire ...
Gufata ibyemezo mu mikorere mu gihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura
Amakuru y’urujya n’uruza rw’amazi ako kanya aha abakozi ishusho y’uburemere n’ingano by’amazi byatambutse, bigatuma kugenzura urujya n’uruza rw’amazi mu mazi bijyana na gahunda z’imikorere. Mu gukurikirana agaciro k’amato mu gihe nyacyo, abakora amato bashobora gukumira kuzuza ibintu bike cyangwa byinshi, bakagabanya ibyago ku miterere y’ubwato no gukumira ko amazi yameneka nabi. Ibipimo by’urujya n’uruza rw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo nabyo byongera inshingano ku mubare w’imizigo yagejejwe. Iyo habayeho gutandukana—nk’umuvuduko utunguranye w’amazi menshi cyangwa make—abakora amato bashobora guhagarika imirimo ako kanya, bakagabanya igihe cyo gusubiza kuva ku minota kugeza ku masegonda. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi cyangwa gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi, aho ndetse n’amazi make ya aside sulfurike ashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
Gukurikirana kure no gutanga amakuru ku bibazo bidasanzwe hakiri kare
Amakuru apima amazi mu bwato anyura mu bigo bigenzura amato kandi ashobora gukurikiranwa ari kure n'amatsinda akorera ku nkombe. Iyo ibisubizo byo gupima amazi mu mazi bibonye imiterere idasanzwe—nk'ibitonyanga bikabije (ibishobora kuvamo amazi) cyangwa kwiyongera ku buryo butunguranye (kwangirika cyangwa imizigo idakora neza)—amatangazo yikora amenyesha abakozi n'abagenzuzi. Hari amato amwe akoresha utubati tw'amashusho n'amatangazo ashobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo ashyireho imipaka y'imikorere myiza. Ubu buryo butera ibimenyetso byo kuburira hakiri kare, bigafasha abakozi gutandukanya ibice, gufunga valve, cyangwa guhindura inzira y'imizigo mbere yuko ikintu gito kirushaho kwiyongera. Gukurikirana amazi ya aside sulfurike kure bigabanya gukenera kugenzura intoki kandi bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bakozi mu bidukikije.
Gucunga Ibihe byihutirwa bishyigikiwe n'amakuru ahoraho
Uburyo bwo gupima ubutabazi bwihuse bushingiye ku kugera ku buryo butunguranye ku gipimo cy’amazi mu gihe nyacyo. Amakuru aturuka ku bipimo by’imiti, harimo n’ibipimo by’imiti, ni ikimenyetso cy’ibanze cy’aho amazi aturuka n’isuzuma ry’amazi yamenetse. Urugero, iyo umuyoboro wacitse mu gihe cyo gupakira, gupima aside sulfure mu buryo buhoraho bigaragaza ko amazi yagabanutse ugereranije n’uko bisanzwe. Ibi bituma ikigega cyangiritse gishyirwa mu mwanya wacyo vuba, hagashyirwaho uburyo bwo kubika amakuru, kandi hakoherezwa inyandiko nyazo ku bashinzwe ubutabazi bwa mbere n’abayobozi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Coriolis flowmeter, rinagaragaza ubucucike bw’amazi n’ubushyuhe, rirushaho gutanga amakuru ku ngamba zo gusuzuma ibyago no gusukura binyuze mu kugaragaza ubwandu bw’ibicuruzwa cyangwa ingendo z’ubushyuhe.
Ukuzuza ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga gukurikirana imizigo iteje akaga
Amategeko akaze agenga ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi asaba gukurikirana no gutanga raporo ku ngendo z’ibintu byangiza. Imiryango mpuzamahanga n’inzego zishinzwe ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi isaba ko ibigo by’ubwato bw’ibinyabutabire bitwara imiti bigomba kubika neza kandi mu buryo nyabwo inyandiko z’ibikorwa byo gupakira no gupakurura imizigo. Sisitemu zo gupima amazi mu bwato, zikoresha raporo yihuse iva kuri magnetiki na Coriolis, zikora inyandiko z’ikoranabuhanga zigaragaza ko zujuje ibisabwa mu gihe cyo kugenzura icyambu no kugenzura. Izi nyandiko—zuzuyemo agaciro kashyizweho ikimenyetso cy’igihe—ni ingenzi cyane mu kwerekana uburyo bwo kuzitwara neza, kuzitwara no kuzibika mu buryo burambye, no kuzikoresha mu buryo butagira amazi.
Amahugurwa ahoraho y'abakozi n'uburyo bwo kwitegura gusubiza
Kubungabunga umutekano w'ubwato bwo mu mazi biterwa n'ubuhanga bw'abakozi bafite ibipimo by'amazi bikoreshwa mu gupima aside sulfuriki n'amakuru akoreshwa mu gihe nyacyo. Amahugurwa ahoraho atuma abakora ubwitonzi bamenya ibyo basoma, gusobanura imiterere y'uburinzi, no gushyira mu bikorwa inzira zisanzwe z'imikorere (SOPs) hashingiwe ku bintu bidasanzwe bituruka ku mazi. Imyitozo ikunze gukoresha uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu buryo bwa "simulation", aho ibipimo by'amazi bikoreshwa mu gupima amazi bitera ibikorwa byihutirwa intambwe ku yindi. Isuzuma rya nyuma y'ibikorwa rishimangira uburyo bwiza bwo kwemeza ibipimo by'amazi, gufata neza imvange, no gutangaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi. Amahugurwa akwiye agabanya amakosa y'abantu, atuma amategeko agenga imizigo iteza akaga, kandi agakomeza imikorere myiza mu bijyanye n'umutekano w'ubwato bwo mu mazi muri buri cyiciro cyo gutwara abantu.
Ibitekerezo ku ikoreshwa: Amato y'ibinyabutabire n'ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi
Ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi bwaaside sulfurikiBifite imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu mikorere no mu mutekano ku bwato butwara imiti. Kuba H₂SO₄ ihumanya cyane, hamwe n’ibidukikije byo mu mazi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi, bisaba amahitamo akomeye y’ubuhanga kugira ngo ubwato bukomeze kuba bwiza kandi bukomeze umutekano w’ubwato butwara imiti mu nzira zose zo gutwaramo.
Amato y’ibinyabutabire yo mu mazi atwara aside sulfurike agomba gukoresha ibigega byihariye by’imizigo, imiyoboro, n’ibipimo by’amazi kugira ngo acunge ibyago byo kwangirika no kwangirika kw’ibikoresho. Guhitamo ibikoresho by’ibigega ni ingenzi: mu gihe ibigega by’icyuma cya karuboni gikozwe mu rubunda bikunze gukoreshwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, ubushakashatsi bwiyongereyeho bugaragaza ibyuma bibiri bitagira umugese n’ibyuma bifite nikeli nyinshi kugira ngo birusheho gukomera, cyane cyane aho ingano y’aside itandukanye cyangwa imiterere y’urugendo itera ibyago byo gushonga. Isuzuma ryasuzumwe n’urungano ryemeza ko ingano y’imyanda n’imyanda, cyane cyane amazi yo mu nyanja cyangwa chloride, byongera cyane ingese yo mu gace runaka, ndetse no ku byuma bitagira umugese n’ibirimo gukoreshwa kenshi.
Gupima ingano y'amazi anyura mu bwato ni ingenzi cyane, kuko ibi bikoresho bihura n'ibibazo bikomeye bya shimi n'imashini nk'ibigega n'imiyoboro. Gupima ingano y'amazi aturuka mu bwato bisaba ibikoresho bihuye neza n'amazi yangiza ndetse n'ibidukikije by'ubwato. Ibipimo by'amazi aturuka mu bwato hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi aturuka mu bwato, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, byabaye ibisanzwe mu kugenzura imiterere ya aside sulfure bitewe n'imiterere yabyo idahungabanya imiterere yabyo, kutagira ibice bigenda, no kwizerwa cyane mu bihe bihindagurika cyangwa bishobora kunyeganyega—ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ku bwato butwara imiti ikoreshwa mu mazi. Ibi bikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko n'ihindagurika ry'amazi anyura mu bwato hatabayeho kwangirika kw'uburyo bukoreshwa mu gupima, ndetse no mu gihe ubwato buhura n'ubushyuhe butandukanye n'ingendo zitandukanye mu gihe cyo kubutwara.
Inzira n'ihindagurika ry'ibidukikije birushaho kugorana. Amato y'ibinyabutabire yo mu mazi ashobora kunyura mu turere dufite impinduka zikomeye mu bushuhe, ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, no guhura n'amazi yo mu nyanja. Sisitemu zo gupima amazi mu bwato, nk'ibipimo by'amazi menshi ku binyabutabire n'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi, bigomba gukora neza muri ibi bihe bihindagurika, harimo gupakira no gupakurura kenshi ku byambu, gushyuha cyane, no guhura n'imizigo ikomeye. Amakuru y'igihe kirekire agaragaza ko guhindura sisitemu - hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bipima amazi bigezweho, amazu akomeye y'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibikoresho birinzwe - bigabanya igihe cyo kudakora kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo gupima amazi cyangwa gucika intege burundu.
Guhuza uburyo bwo gupima amazi mu mazi bukora neza bigira uruhare mu nyungu z’igihe kirekire mu gutwara imizigo yo mu mazi. Gukurikirana buri gihe amazi mu bwato butwara aside sulfurike ku binyabiziga bitanga umuburo hakiri kare ku mazi asohoka, impanuka zigashira, cyangwa impinduka zitunguranye mu busugire bw’ibigega, bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye ibyago byo gutakaza imizigo ihenze cyangwa impanuka ziterwa no kurengera ibidukikije. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ikoreshwa rya buri gihe ry’ibipimo by’amazi aside sulfurike bigabanya imitwaro yo kubungabunga, bigabanya kwangirika kw’ibikomoka ku ingese, kandi bigashyigikira kubahiriza amahame akomeye yo gutwara imiti mu mazi.
Ibikoresho bigezweho, cyane cyane ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’amazi n’ubukonje birwanya ingese biva mu bigo nka Lonnmeter, bishyigikira izi ngaruka mu mikorere binyuze mu gutuma habaho kumenya mu buryo butunguranye ibintu bya ngese bito ndetse n’ibyangiritse mu buryo bunini. Amakuru aturuka mu bushakashatsi bwasuzumwe n’urungano agaragaza ko iryo genzura rituma abakora amato bashobora gukemura ibibazo by’amazi make cyangwa ahantu hatemba mbere y’uko impanuka ziyongera, bigabanura cyane ingaruka mbi zagaragaye muri raporo ziherutse gutangazwa mu mpanuka zo mu mazi aho amazi atabonetse yatumye habaho kwibasirwa cyane n’aside ku bigega by’icyuma cya karubone.
Amaherezo, guhitamo no gushyiraho ibikoresho byo gupima amazi byubatswe mu mazi, bihuye n’ibibazo byihariye by’imizigo ikomoka kuri aside sulfure, bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda ubusugire bw’imizigo, kongera imikorere myiza, no kongera igihe cy’akazi k’amato y’ibinyabutabire ku isi. Ubufatanye hagati y’ibikoresho byatoranijwe neza no gukurikirana amazi mu bwato burimo kugenda bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika, byongera umutekano w’ubwato, kandi bigashyigikira urujya n’uruza rw’imizigo ikomoka ku binyabutabire iteje akaga ku isi.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Igipimo cy'amazi aside sulfuriki gikoreshwa ku bwato bw'ibinyabutabire ni iki?
Igipimo cy'amazi aside sulfuriki ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza kandi mu buryo nyabwo aside sulfuriki mu gihe cyo gutwara imizigo mu mazi. Inshingano yacyo y'ibanze ku bwato butwara ibinyabutabire burimo kugenzura ingano n'umuvuduko w'amazi aturuka muri H₂SO₄ mu gihe cyo kohereza imizigo, nko kuyipakira, kuyipakurura, no kuyimura imbere. Iki gikoresho ni ingenzi mu kurinda umutekano w'ubwato bukoresha ibinyabutabire binyuze mu gutuma abakora ubwo bwato barinda kuzuza cyane, kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amazi, no gutanga inyandiko zigaragaza ko amategeko yubahiriza amategeko no gukumira igihombo cy'imizigo. Gukurikirana amazi aturuka mu murongo bituma habaho gupima ibintu mu buryo bufunze, bigabanya ibyuka biteje akaga kandi bigafasha abakozi kubona uburyo bwo kubikurikirana mu nzira zo kohereza imizigo.
Kuki ibipimo by'uburemere bwa Coriolis bikundwa mu gupima aside sulfuriki mu bikorwa byo mu mazi?
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Coriolis bikundwa cyane mu bigega by'amazi byo mu mazi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gupima uburemere bw'amazi no gukomera mu bihe byangiritse. Imiterere yabyo ituma habaho isuzuma ry'amazi menshi, ubucucike bw'amazi, n'ubushyuhe neza kandi buhamye hatitawe ku mpinduka z'umuvuduko cyangwa ubushyuhe. Kutagira ibice by'imbere bigabanya ingaruka zo kwangirika kwa aside sulfurike - cyane cyane iyo ibice byatose bikozwe mu bikoresho nka Hastelloy cyangwa titanium. Uku kwizerwa bivuze ko ari ugukurikirana imizigo neza, gupima amazi neza mu bwato, no kugabanya kubungabunga mu bidukikije bigoye byo mu mazi, bigatuma habaho umutekano n'imikorere myiza mu gihe cyose cy'imikoreshereze y'ibipimo by'amazi.
Ni gute gupima amazi mu bwato byongera umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwara imiti mu mazi?
Gupima amazi mu bwato bitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi mu bwato mu buryo bwihuse kandi buhoraho, biha ababikora ubushobozi bwo kubona amazi ava mu bwato, kuziba igice cy’amazi, cyangwa umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amazi mu bwato ako kanya. Gutahura vuba ibitagenda neza nk’ibyo bituma habaho uburyo bwihuse bwo gukora, kugabanya ibyago byo gusesekara no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ibintu bishobora guteza akaga mu kazi. Uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru bujyanye n’amazi asohoka bufasha gutangiza ibikorwa byihutirwa, bushyigikira iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’umutekano no gufasha mu gutwara imizigo mu mazi mu buryo bwizewe ku bwato bw’ibinyabutabire. Guhuza ibi bisubizo byo gupima amazi mu bwato n’uburyo bwikora bwo gutwara ubwato byongera urundi rwego rw’umutekano mu kugabanya gukenerwa ko habaho igenzura ry’intoki no kunoza igihe cyo gutabara mu bihe by’impanuka.
Ese ingese ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibipimo by'amazi aside sulfuriki?
Ingese ni imbogamizi ikomeye kuri buri gipimo cy’amazi cya aside sulfuriki bitewe n’imiterere y’ubukana bwa H₂SO₄. Ariko, ibikoresho bigezweho bikoresha ibikoresho birwanya ingese—nka PTFE, PFA, Hastelloy, cyangwa titanium—ku bice byose byatose n’ubuso bw’ibipima. Uku guhitamo ibikoresho bitanga imikorere yizewe kandi irambye ndetse no mu bidukikije bya aside mbi biboneka muri sisitemu z’amato yo mu mazi. Ibipimo by’amazi bigezweho byakozwe by’umwihariko kugira ngo bihangane n’imbaraga za shimi n’imashini zihura nazo mu bwato, bigabanya ibikenewe mu kubungabunga no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika gutunguranye. Igenzura rihoraho n’igenzura biracyari ingenzi kugira ngo hakomeze imikorere myiza no kubahiriza amahame y’umutekano.
Ese gupima urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo ni ngombwa mu gutwara ubwato butwara imiti?
Nubwo amabwiriza agenga imikorere ashobora gutandukana bitewe n’aho indege zihagarara n’inzira y’amato, uko ibintu bigenda mu 2024 ni icyifuzo gikomeye—kandi mu turere tumwe na tumwe, ni itegeko—ku gipimo cy’amazi atembera mu buryo nyabwo bw’aside sulfure. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga, nk’ayavuye muri IMO na MARPOL, asaba ko habaho igenzura ryimbitse no kubika neza inyandiko z’inzira zose z’imizigo iteje akaga. Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zo gupima amazi atembera mu bwato byongera imikorere myiza, bikubahiriza amategeko, kandi bigatuma habaho kwihutisha no gufata ingamba zikomeye mu bihe by’impanuka mu gihe cyo kohereza imizigo yo mu mazi. Abakoresha amato y’ibinyabutabire bahuza n’aya mahame atari ku mpamvu z’amategeko gusa ahubwo no kurengera imitungo, abakozi, n’ibidukikije, cyane cyane iyo batwara ibikoresho biteje akaga nka H₂SO₄.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-25-2025
