Mu gukora fibre ya viscose, kugenzura neza igitutu cy’umuvuduko w’ibiryo ni ingenzi muri buri cyiciro cy’igikorwa, kuva ku buryo bwo guteka selulosi binyuze mu gutunganya selulosi ya alkaline. Gupima igitutu mu buryo bwihuse bitanga ireme ry’umusaruro kandi bikongera umutekano mu mikorere binyuze mu kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere y’ibiryo.
Mu gihe cyo gushyiramo selulosi mu buryo bwa alkalizing no mu buryo bwa NaOH kuri viscose, ibi bikoresho bitanga amakuru adahinduka. Umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa udahagije ushobora guhindura ingano ya NaOH, bigatuma habaho ububiko bwa kristale bufunga imirongo y’ibigega kandi bugahagarika umusaruro. Mu gutanga isuzuma ry’umuvuduko ako kanya, Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters ifasha abakora akazi kubona aho ibintu bitandukaniye hakiri kare, bikagabanya igihe gihenze cyo gukora kandi bigashyigikira kugenzura umuvuduko wa digester birinda igihe kirekire cy’ibikoresho.
Uruganda rw'ibinyabutabire
*
Incamake y'umusaruro wa fibre ya viscose: Uburyo bwo gutembera no kugenzura
Uburyo bwo gukora fibre ya viscose bugizwe n'intambwe nyinshi zikurikirana, uhereye ku buryo bwo guteka cellulose. Mbere na mbere, pulp ya cellulose—ikunze guturuka mu giti cyangwa mu ipamba—ishyirwa mu gisubizo cya sodium hydroxide. Iki cyiciro, kizwi nka alkaline cellulose treatment, niho cellulose ikorana na NaOH kugira ngo ikore alkaline cellulose.ubwinshi bwa NaOHUmuti wo gukora viscose ni ingenzi cyane; ibipimo bitari byo bituma habaho ihindagurika mu mikorere no guhuza imbaraga za fibre. Iyo ingano ya sodium hydroxide igabanutse ku rugero rusabwa, alkalizasiyo ya selulose iba idahuye, bigatuma fibre zifite imiterere itandukanye yo gukurura.
Nyuma yo gukaraba, inzira ijya mu gukaraba—gukuraho alkali nyinshi—hanyuma hagakurikiraho xanthate, aho alkali cellulose ikorana na disulfide ya karuboni igakora xanthate ya cellulose. Iyi intermediate ishongeshwa muri hydroxide ya sodiyumu ivanze, igatanga viscose dope, umuti uzunguruka ugomba kuzuza ibisabwa byose by’ubuziranenge. Muri izi ntambwe zo gukora fibre ya viscose, kugenzura umuvuduko w’ibiryo ni ingenzi cyane. Umuvuduko uhoraho utuma imikorere y’ibinyabutabire ikomeza kandi ikabungabunga umutekano w’imikorere. Gutegeka ko umwuka winjira mu kirere bigira uruhare runini—imyuka idahagije ijyana igabanya umuvuduko mu gihe umwuka mwinshi ushobora gusenya imiyoboro, ukangiza imiterere ya fibre, kandi ukongera ikiguzi cy’imikorere.
Gukurikirana uburyo umuti uhoraho bitagamije gusa kugenzura ingano ya NaOH kuri viscose, ahubwo binasobanura ingaruka zo gupfundika no kuziba kw'ibice bikunze kugaragara mu musaruro wa fibre. Gupfundika kw'ibice bishobora kubaho iyo ubushyuhe, ingano, cyangwa umuvuduko w'amazi bidacunzwe neza, bigahagarika imiyoboro cyangwa ibice by'imbere bya digester. Gukoresha neza imashini zituma umuvuduko w'ibice bicukurwa neza bituma umuvuduko w'ibice bicukurwa ukurikiranwa buri gihe. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ibice bicukurwa n'ibipimo by'ubucucike, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bitanga amakuru nyayo ku bipimo by'umuti—bifasha mu kunoza imiterere y'ibice bivangwa, bishonga, kandi bigazunguruka.
Utwuma twohereza ubushyuhe n'utwuma twohereza ubushyuhe byuzuza iyi mashini, tukareba ibitandukanye bishobora kugaragaza ko hagiye gufungwa imashini zitunganya viscose cyangwa ingaruka zo kurekura ibidukikije. Ibikorwa by'inganda kandi byibanda ku gufunga uburyo bwo gukumira gusaza no gufunga uburyo bwo gufunga. Utwuma twohereza ubushyuhe twangiritse, bigatuma amazi ava mu kirere yangiza umutekano w'abakozi ndetse n'uburyo ibidukikije bikurikiza amategeko. Gahunda yo kugenzura buri gihe, amabwiriza yo gusimbuza ku gihe, n'ibikoresho byo kumenya aho amazi ava bishyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo birinde ubusugire bw'imikorere.
Gukoresha izi ngingo zo kugenzura hamwe n'ibikoresho biri ku murongo mu gihe cyose cyo gukoresha sodium hydroxide mu gukora fibre bituma buri cyiciro—kuva ku guteka impumuro kugeza ku kuzunguruka fibre—bikora neza. Ubu buryo burinda kwangirika guhenze, bugatera imbere mu gukumira crystallization, kandi bugashyigikira uburinganire bukenewe kugira ngo fibre ya viscose ikoreshwe neza.
Ishusho y'Inzira ya Chloralkali
*
Ibibazo by'ingenzi by'imikorere byakemuwe n'ibisubizo byo gupima umuvuduko biri ku murongo
Gukurikirana no kugenzura igitutu mu gihe cyose cyo gukora fibre ya viscose ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa no gukora neza. Gukoresha sodium hydroxide mu gukora viscose, izwi kandi nka cellulose alkalization, biterwa no kugenzura neza igitutu kugira ngo hakomeze kuba ingano nziza ya NaOH. Utwuma twohereza igitutu mu murongo dutanga ibitekerezo mu gihe nyacyo, bigatuma abahanga mu gutunganya ibintu bakora ako kanya iyo hagaragaye ko hari ikintu kidahuye. Iki gisubizo cyihuse ni ingenzi mu kwirinda amakosa nko kudahuza kwa fibre, kugabanuka k'umusaruro, cyangwa imbaraga za fibre zangiritse zishobora guterwa no guhinduka k'igitutu mu ntambwe z'ingenzi zo gukora fibre ya viscose.
Utwuma twohereza umuvuduko wa Lonnmeter dukemura ibibazo byinshi bisanzwe mu mikorere. Amakuru yatwo mu gihe nyacyo atuma habaho uburyo bwo kugenzura vuba mu gihe cyo guteka cellulose, aho kwinjira kwa NaOH mu ruhu rwa cellulose ari ingenzi cyane. Gutinda kubona impinduka mu gitutu bishobora gutera impinduka mu buryo bw'ibipimo, bigatera kuvurwa nabi kwa cellulose ya alkaline. Urugero, niba igitutu cyagabanutse mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo kugogora, gukoresha nabi sodium hydroxide mu gukora fibre bishobora gutera ishingwa rito ry’udupira no kuziba kw’ibitero bidahagije.
Kurinda kuziba kw'amazi ni ingenzi cyane, kuko crystallization ishobora kubaho mu nzira iyo igipimo cya NaOH cyo mu gace kizamuka, cyangwa igitutu kirenze ibipimo byagenwe. Imashini zitanga amakuru za Lonnmeter zihora zikurikirana ibidukikije by'imashini zicukura, zigatuma abayikoresha bashobora kwivanga mbere yuko imashini zicukura zifunga bikomeye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, binyuze mu gushyiraho uburyo nyabwo bwo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'umwuka mu ikorwa rya fibre, zishyigikira imikorere myiza y'ingufu no kugenzura ubushyuhe neza, ibintu bifitanye isano rya hafi no kubungabunga igitutu gikwiye cy'imashini zicukura n'imbaraga za fibre.
Gusaza no gusohoka kw'ibipfunyika ni ibintu bikomeje guteza ibibazo mu buryo bwo gutunganya cellulose ya alkaline, aho imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bukabije yihutisha kwangirika kw'ibice byayo. Amakuru y'umuvuduko uturuka ku bikoresho bya Lonnmeter atanga umuburo hakiri kare ku birebana n'imiterere idasanzwe y'umuvuduko, bigaragaza ibibazo by'ibipfunyika bivuka. Kwandika no gusohora amazi make bifasha gukumira ihagarara ry'umusaruro, gutakaza ibicuruzwa, no kubungabunga mu buryo butunguranye, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire no kurinda umutekano w'abakora.
Utwuma twohereza amakuru twa Lonnmeter twakozwe kugira ngo duhuzwe neza na sisitemu zisanzwe zikora kandi zigenzurwa. Ubu buryo bworoshya uburyo amakuru agenda mu gufata ibyemezo bihujwe. Iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubucucike, ibipimo by'ubucucike, ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, bishyigikira kugenzura neza ibikorwa. Abacunga uruganda bashobora kunoza uburyo bwo gusuzuma NaOH mu kugenzura umuvuduko wa viscose na digester, kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bihoraho, no gucunga ikoreshwa ry'ingufu neza—byose ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no kwemeza ko fibre ya viscose ikorwa mu buryo burambye.
Ingingo nziza zo gushyiramo no kunoza imikorere
Gushyira utwuma dutanga umuvuduko mu murongo ku nzira y'injira n'isohoka rya NaOH bitanga ishusho yuzuye kandi ifatika y'imihindagurikire y'umuvuduko mu gihe cy'ingenzi cyo guteka cellulose. Gusoma neza umuvuduko muri utu duce bituma habaho kugenzura neza ubwinshi bw'umuti wa NaOH kuri viscose, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere ya alkaline cellulose no ku mikorere ya cellulose alkalization. Gushyira utwuma dutanga umuvuduko hafi y'udupira two kugenzura bifasha gukurikirana uburyo umwuka winjira, ari nabyo by'ingenzi mu kunoza imiterere y'ubushyuhe no kubungabunga imiterere y'intambwe zose zo gukora fibre ya viscose.
Gushyiramo ibikoresho ku miyoboro y’umwuka n’ahantu hazwiho gupfundika cyangwa kuziba bitanga umuburo hakiri kare ku bibazo bishobora kuvuka. Gukurikirana utu duce bigabanya ibyago byo gupfundika kw’ibiziba kandi bigashyigikira ingamba zo gukumira gusaza. Ubu buryo bugamije guhangana n’ibibazo bikunze kugaragara nko kuziba kw’ibiziba mu gutunganya viscose cyangwa gukwirakwiza NaOH mu buryo butaringaniye.
Gutanga ibitekerezo by’igihe gito bivuye ku byuma bitanga umuvuduko bishyigikira kugenzura umuvuduko uhamye. Umuvuduko uhoraho mu mikorere urinda kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka gutunguranye bishobora gutuma habaho guhagarara ku buryo butunguranye. Binongera kandi imbaraga za fibre mu gutuma uburyo bwo gutunganya sodium hydroxide mu gukora viscose buguma mu byiciro by’ingenzi.
Amakuru ahoraho kandi yizewe y’umuvuduko agabanya ubushobozi buke buterwa no gupfunyika kw’amazi, ibyo bikaba byatera ihindagurika ry’ikoreshwa rya sodium hydroxide mu gukora no kubungabunga fibre. Gukurikirana umuvuduko neza bishyigikira uburyo bwo gukora fibre ya viscose mu buryo burambye binyuze mu kugabanya imyanda ya shimi no kugabanya igihe cyo gukora. Kubera ko, ibikoresho nk'ibi bipima mu murongo ni ingenzi kugira ngo fibre ya viscose ikoreshwe neza kandi ihendutse, kandi ikora neza ku bidukikije. Ubuhanga butangwa n'ibikoresho bitanga umuvuduko butuma habaho kunoza imikorere, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, no guhuza neza ibicuruzwa.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Q1: Ni gute kugenzura umuvuduko w'ibinure mu gihe nyacyo byongera uburyo bwo gukora fibre ya viscose?
Kugenzura igitutu cya digester mu gihe nyacyo bituma ikoreshwa rya sodium hydroxide rikomeza gukoreshwa no guteka cellulose mu buryo buhamye. Ubu buryo buhamye butuma inzira yo guhuza cellulose ikomeza gukora neza, bigabanyiriza ihindagurika rishobora kwangiza fibre. Iyo igitutu kigumye gihamye, buri gice cya cellulose gihura na NaOH ku buryo bungana, bigatuma fibre ikomera kandi ikomeye. Umusaruro wa nyuma utanga ubuziranenge bwiza bitewe n’izi ngingo zigenzurwa.
Q2: Ni uruhe ruhare urwego rw'imiti ya NaOH rugira mu ntambwe zo gukora fibre ya viscose?
Igipimo cya NaOH kuri viscose ni ikintu kigena intsinzi mu kuvura cellulose ya alkaline. Celulose igomba gushyirwa mu gipimo cya NaOH runaka kugira ngo ihindurwe neza; bike cyane bituma habaho ingaruka zidahagije, bigatuma fibre iba nke kandi idasa. Igipimo gikabije gishobora kwangiza cellulose, bigatuma fibre icika intege. Kugenzura neza igipimo ni ingenzi mu gukomeza kugenzura ubuziranenge muri buri ntambwe yo gukora fibre ya viscose, kuva ku ikubitiro kugeza ku kuzunguruka kwa nyuma.
Q3: Ni ibihe bibazo bisanzwe bishobora gutuma ibikoresho by'umuvuduko biri mu murongo bishobora gufasha mu gukumira ikorwa ry'imigozi ya viscose?
Utwuma twohereza umuvuduko mu murongo ni ingenzi mu gukumira ihinduka ry’ibinure mu gukora fibre. Umuvuduko uhamye ugabanya ibyago byo gufunga imiyoboro ya NaOH, bishobora kuziba imiyoboro no gutera kuziba guhenze mu gutunganya viscose. Bifasha kandi gukumira gusaza binyuze mu gukumira igabanuka ridasanzwe ry’umuvuduko, bishobora kugaragaza ko ibinure bivamo. Kumenya hakiri kare ibisubizo byo gufunga bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe kugenzura izi mpinduka, kugabanya kuziba kutari guteganyijwe no kwirinda kwanduza ibicuruzwa.
Q4: Kuki kugenzura uburyo umwuka winjira ari ingenzi kugira ngo imbaraga za fibre ya viscose zibe zimwe?
Amabwiriza agenga uburyo umwuka winjira mu gikoresho cy’amazi agenzura ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko biri mu gikoresho cyo gusya, byombi bikaba ari ingenzi mu buryo bwo guteka selulosi. Iyo uburyo umwuka winjiramo buhindagurika, ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko bishobora guhinduka, bigatera kutumvikana mu kubyimba kwa selulosi no gukora fibre. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo byemeza ko fibre zigira imiterere n’imbaraga bimwe, bigashyigikira umusaruro uhoraho kandi bikagabanya gutakaza agaciro bitewe n’ibipimo byananiranye.
Q5: Ese ibindi bikoresho byo gutunganya ibintu biri mu murongo bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza umuvuduko mu nganda za fibre za viscose?
Izindi mashini zikora mu murongo zigira uruhare rwuzuzanya mu kugenzura no kugenzura ikoreshwa rya sodium hydroxide mu ikorwa rya fibre. Guhuza ibipimo by’ubucucike mu murongo, ibipimo by’ubucucike na Lonnmeter, ibipimo by’ubucucike, ibipimo by’ubushyuhe, n’ibipimo by’ubushyuhe bitanga ishusho yuzuye y’ubuzima bw’imikorere. Urugero, ibipimo by’ubucucike bigenzura ubucucike bwa NaOH mu gihe cyo gushyiramo cellulose alkalization, mu gihe ibipimo by’ubucucike bigenzura imiterere y’amazi akenewe kugira ngo habeho kuzunguruka neza. Ibi bikoresho byemeza ko buri gipimo gihujwe, bikongera ubwiza bwa fibre n’imikorere myiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 15-2026
