Ikenewe ku isi hose ry'ireme ryo hejurugukora umunyu mu ngandabisaba inzira nziza, zihoraho kandi zizewe zo gukora. Ikibazo gikomeye muri uru rwego, cyane cyane mu gutandukanya sodium chloride (NaCl) n'umuti wayo, ni uburyo nyabwo bwo gucunga ubucucike bw'umuti kugira ngo hirindwe ko crystallization idakenewe kandi itaragera.Gukurikirana ubucucike mu gihe nyacyoigaragara nk'ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu kugabanya iki kibazo gikomeye mu mikorere, rituma habaho urujya n'uruza rudacika kandi hagakoreshwa neza ingufu za sisitemu nini zikoresha umwuka uva mu kirere.
Intego yo kugenzura ubucucike bw'umunyu mu nganda mu gihe nyacyo
Intego y'ibanze yaGukurikirana ubucucike mu gihe nyacyoni ukugira ngo bibe uburinzi bwihuse ku ngaruka mbi zakristali ya supersaturationbiba ahantu hatariho cyangwa mu gihe kitari cyo mu murongo wo gutegura umunyu. Mu gupima buri gihe uburemere cyangwa ubucucike bw'umuti wa sodium chloride, abakora babona ubushishozi bukenewe kugira ngo bahindure ibipimo by'imikorerembereUbucucike bw'umuti burenga urugero rw'umusaruro mu bikoresho byo hejuru nk'ibikoresho bishyushya amazi. Iki gikorwa cyo gukumira ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma umusaruro ukwirakwira neza no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza.
Gusesengura inzira yo gutegura umunyu
Ishingiro ry'ibikorwa bya nonegukora umunyu mu ngandani itandukanyirizo ry'ubushyuhe rya NaCl ikomeye naamazi y'umunyubyakuwe mu masoko nka ibiyaga by'umunyu, ibirombe by'umunyu byo munsi y'ubutaka, cyangwa amazi y'inyanja. Iri hinduka rifatika, ku isi yose ryitwa "guhumeka no kubura amazi mu mubiri - crystallization"," ikurikirana nkana, aho buri cyiciro giteganya ubwiza bw'umusaruro wa nyuma n'imiterere y'ingufu z'igikorwa.
Intambwe ya 1: Guhumeka no Kwiyongera (Amazi → Amazi yuzuye)
Icyiciro cya mbere kigizwe no gushyiramo umuti wa sodium chloride udafite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Uyu muti wuzuyemo amazi menshi, winjira mu bikoresho binini bikoresha umwuka uva mu kirere—akenshi na byinshi bikoresha umwuka uva mu kirere (MEE) cyangwa uburyo bwo kugabanya umwuka uva mu kirere (MVR). Binyuze mu gukoresha ubushyuhe cyangwa umwuka uva mu kirere munsi y'umuvuduko muke, amazi menshi arakurwaho. Ubushyuhe bw'umuti bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro.Gukurikirana ubucucike kuri interinetiNi ngombwa cyane muri iki cyiciro gukurikirana neza ingano y'ibice bikomeza kwiyongera. Ubu buryo bwo kuba maso bugamije by'umwihariko gukumirasuperwturation imburagihe no gushonga kw'amakristale imbereimiyoboro y'ubushyuhe n'imiyoboro y'umwuka, ibintu bishobora gutuma habaho umwanda no kuziba. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukuremaumuti wa sodium chloride urimo supersaturated—amazi ashobora gushonga aho igipimo cy’amazi ashongeshwa kirenze urugero ntarengwa rw’ubushyuhe bwo gukora, giteganijwe ku cyiciro gikurikiraho.
Intambwe ya 2: Guhinduranya no Gutandukanya (Amazi y'umunyu → Amakirisitu akomeye)
Hanyuma umuti wuzuyemo ibintu byinshi ushyirwa mu cyuma cyihariye cya kristulize (gishobora kuba ari cyo kintu cya nyuma cya sisitemu ya MEE cyangwa kristulize yihariye yo gukonjesha). Gukomeza guhumeka kw'amazi cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe ku bushake bitanga imbaraga zikenewe—urwego rwo hejuru rw'amazi—bituma sodium chloride solute ihinduka. Molekile za NaCl zisohoka mu cyiciro cy'umuti, zigakora kristulize za NaCl zikomeye. Izi kristulize, ubu zikaba ari zo zikoreshwa, zitandukanywa n'amazi asigaye (inzoga y'inka) hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini nko gutandukanya cyangwa kuyungurura. Intambwe za nyuma zirimo kumisha (gukuraho ubushuhe) no kuziba (uburinganire bw'ibice by'ibumba) kugira ngo haboneke imbaraga zisanzwe, zikomeye.ibikomoka ku munyu mu nganda.
Gukora umunyu
Uburyo bwo gukaraba imyanda y'inganda mu buryo bwo gukaraba imyanda
Ingaruka zihariye zo kwangirika kw'amakristali mu buryo bwa Supersaturation
Kutagenzurwa cyangwa imburagihekristali ya supersaturationMuri gari ya moshi yo mu mazi ntabwo ari ikibazo gusa, ahubwo ni itsinda ry’ibintu bitatu bikomeye mu mikorere no mu bukungu:
Guhumanya no kwangiza:Ingaruka zihuse cyane ni ukwirema kwa NaCl ku buryo butunguranye ku buso bwo kohereza ubushyuhe (imiyoboro, amasahani, inkuta) by'ibikoresho bishyushya. Uku kwiyongera kwa kristu bikora nk'igikoresho gikora neza cyane cyo gukingira.
Kugabanya ifungana ry'ibicuruzwa no kugabanya umusaruro uva mu bicuruzwa:Gutera imbere kw'ibipimo bigabanya vuba umurambararo mwiza w'imiyoboro, amavali, n'imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe, bigatuma habaho kuziba gukomeye. Ibi bisaba kuzimya burundu kandi bihenze kugira ngo hakorwe isuku ya mashini cyangwa imiti, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro.
Igihombo cy'ingufu n'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'imikorere:Guhumanya bigabanya cyane igipimo rusange cyo kohereza ubushyuhe (U). Kugira ngo bakomeze gupima ubushyuhe bw'umwuka, abakora akazi bategetswe kongera ubushyuhe bw'umwuka mu gituza (ΔT), bigatera imbere cyaneikoreshwa ry'ingufu—ikiguzi kimwe kinini gihindagurika muri MEE na MVRgukora umunyu mu nganda.
Udushya mu Kugenzura Ubucucike: Imicungire Iteganyijwe n'Iyihutirwa
Inzira yo gukora umunyu neza iri mu kuva mu kubungabunga umunyu ujya mukugenzura ibintu mbere y'igihe, by'ibanze bishobozwa no gukoresha neza cyane,kumurongo wa densimeter amakuru nyayo.
Udushya dushingiye ku gukoresha aya makuru y’ubucucike buhoraho—uburyo butaziguye bwo gukusanya ibisubizo, kandi, mu buryo bw’ingenzi,urwego rw'ubwinshi bw'amazi—kugaburiraingero z'ubwenge zihanura ibyago byo kuzura cyaneIzi moderi zisesengura umuvuduko w'impinduka mu bucucike, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo zimenye igihe cy'ihinduka ry'amakristale mu buryo bwikora kandi bushobora kwangiza ibintu mbere yuko bibaho.
Ubu bushobozi bwo guhanura butuma umuntu amenyaalgorithme zigezweho zo kugenzurabifasha guhindura uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika (dynamic adjustment) ibipimo by’ingenzi bya MVR/multi-effect evaporator:
Gusubiramo/Gusohora amazi:Guhindura umunota ku munota ku bijyanye n'amazi meza yinjira cyangwa amazi y'umunyu yashyizwemo bishobora kugabanya vuba ingano y'umunyu.
Igenzura ry'ubushyuhe/Umuvuduko:Impinduka nto kandi zibazwe mu muvuduko w’imikorere (bityo n’ubushyuhe bwo kubira n’ubushyuhe bwo kuzura) mu ngaruka zishobora kugabanya gato urugero rwo kuzura cyane, bikarinda ko imiterere y’ibipimo byangiza ihinduka ry’ibintu mu buryo bwikora.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter
Uburyo bwo Kwirinda: Kugenzura Ikorwa rya kristu
Akamaro kakugenzura neza ubucucikeishingiye ku ngaruka zayo ku ngingo z'ibanze za fiziki y'isesengura ry'amakristali:imiterere y'ingirabuzimafatizo, uburyo bwo gukura, naimiterere.
Kugenzura imiterere y'ingirabuzimafatizo:Mu gukomeza gushyira igipimo cy'umuti munsi gato y'umubare ntarengwa w'igipimo cy'ingenzi kurigitunguranye(homogeneous), sisitemu yo kugenzura ubucucike igenzura ko kristu zikora gusa aho zishakiye (crystallizer) kandi cyane cyane ku kristu zisanzweho (heterogeneous nucleation). Ibi birinda ko "fines" cyangwa nucleus zikora ingano nyinshi muri evaporator zikwirakwira.
Ibyerekeye Imikurire n'Ishusho:Kugumana uburyo buhorahohasi ariko byizaurwego rw'ubwinshi bw'amasasu rutuma ubuso bwa kristu busanzwe buba ahantu heza ho gushyira NaCl. Ibi bituma habaho kugenzuragukura kwa kristuaho kuba ukwiyongera kw'uturemangingo mu buryo butunguranye. Ingaruka ni umunyu munini kandi ukozwe neza kandi ubushobozi bwo gukura bugabanuka cyane.
Mu gukora nk'ukoigipimo cy'ubucucike bw'umurongoku bushobozi bwo kongera ubushobozi,kugenzura ubucucike mu gihe nyacyoihindura inzira yo gushushanya kristali kuva ku bikorwa biteje akaga kandi byoroshye ikajya mu bikorwa by’ubuhanga bigenzurwa kandi byitezwe. Iri vugurura ry’ingamba ni ingenzi ku kigo icyo ari cyo cyose kigamije gukoresha ingufu nyinshi no gukoresha amafaranga make mu mikorere mu rwego rwo guhangana n’impinduka murigukora umunyu mu nganda.
TwandikireLonnmetergusaba ibiciro no gushyira ubu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kugenzura mu mushinga wawe w'umusaruro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Nzeri 2025
