Igipimo cy'ubwinshi bw'ibinure
Igipimo cy'ibinure mu gasanduku k'imashini kigera kuri 2.5–3.5% muri rusange. Amazi arakenewe kugira ngo ibinure bivemo igipimo gito kugira ngo imigozi itatanye neza kandi ikureho umwanda.
Kuriimashini za fourdrinier, igipimo cy'amacupa cyinjira muri mesh ni 0.3–1.0% mu buryo busanzwe hakurikijwe imiterere y'amacupa, imiterere y'ibikoresho, n'ubwiza bw'impapuro. Muri iki cyiciro, urwego rwo gushonga ruhuye n'igipimo cy'amacupa gikenewe kuri mesh, bivuze ko igipimo kimwe gikoreshwa mu gusukura, kuyungurura no gukora kuri mesh.
Igipimo cy’umunyu ku mashini zikora silinda kiri hasi kugeza kuri 0.1–0.3% gusa. Igipimo cy’umunyu mu gusukura no kuyungurura kiri hejuru ugereranyije n’ibisabwa kuri iyo mashini ikora silinda ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kuyisukura. Byongeye kandi, hakenewe ibikoresho byinshi byo kuyisukura no kuyiyungurura kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gutunganya impuzandengo ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kuyisukura, bisaba amafaranga menshi, umwanya munini, imiyoboro igoye cyane, no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Imashini zikoresha silinda akenshi zikoreshainzira yo gushonga mu byiciro bibiri,aho igipimo gishyirwa ku kigero cya 0.5 ~ 0.6% mbere yo gusukurwa no kuyungururwa mbere y'uko bishyirwa ku gipimo cyagenwe mbere yo kwinjira mu gasanduku gatuza.
Gutunganya ibinure bikoresha amazi yera binyuze mu ruziga mu buryo busanzwe bwo kubungabunga amazi no kugarura imigozi myiza, ibintu byuzuza, n'imiti biva mu mazi yera. Gutunganya amazi yera ni inyungu mu kubungabunga ingufu ku mashini zikenera gushyushya ibinure.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gucukura kw'ibinure bivanze
Impinduka mu gushyira ibinure mu gifu mu gasanduku gashinzwe kugenzura
Ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’umubiri bitewe no gukubitwa cyangwa impinduka mu buryo bwavunitse rishobora gutera ihindagurika ry’ubwinshi bw’ibinure. Ihindagurika ry’amaraso mu dusanduku tw’imashini rishobora gutuma ibinure by’ibinure bidahinduka mu bice bitandukanye, bigatera ubwinshi bukabije.
Gusubira inyuma kwa Kwangas muriGusukura nokuyungurura
Imyanda iva mu gusukura no kuyungurura ikunze kugaruzwa mu buryo bw'amazi avanze. Ihindagurika ry'ingano n'ubwinshi bw'iyi myanda biterwa n'imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gusukura no kuyungurura ndetse n'urugero rw'amazi ku byuma bitanga ipompo.
Izi mpinduka zigira ingaruka ku rugero rw'amazi yera akoreshwa mu kugabanya amazi, ndetse n'urugero rw'amazi ya nyuma. Ibibazo nk'ibyo bishobora kubaho mu buryo bwo kugarura amazi mu bigega by'imashini zikoresha silinda.
Ihindagurika ry’ingano y’impapuro zikozwe mu buryo bwa “pulp” rishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imashini zikora impapuro ndetse n’ubwiza bwazo. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukurikirana neza umubare w’impapuro zikozwe mu buryo bwa “pulp” hamweigipimo cy'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimobyakozwe naLonnmetermu gihe cyo gukora no guhindura amafaranga yinjira mu gasanduku gashinzwe kugenzura kugira ngo hakomeze kuba ingano ihamye. Imashini zigezweho zikoresha ibikoresho byikora kugira ngo:
- Hindura mu buryo bwikoraurugero rw'ibinure mu mubirikwinjira mu gasanduku gashinzwe kugenzura.
- Hindura amafaranga yinjira hashingiwe ku mpinduka mu buremere bw'impapuro n'ubwinshi bw'ibinure by'umutwe.
Ibi bituma habaho ubwinshi buhamye bw'ibinure.
Ibyiza byo Guhindura Ibyiciro by'Inyama Zivanze
Kugenzura uburyo imashini zikoresha impapuro zivanze neza bifasha mu mikorere myiza y’imashini zikoresha impapuro ndetse no kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw’impapuro.
Ku byuma bya silinda
Iyo pulp ifite urugero rwo gukubita hasi kandi ikavana amazi vuba, urugero rw'amazi imbere n'inyuma mu gice cy'urushundura ruragabanuka, bigatuma urwego rw'urushundura rugabanuka. Ibi byongera ingaruka z'ubwinshi bw'urushundura, bigabanya kuzura kw'amazi, kandi byongera itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati y'urushundura n'urushundura, bigatuma impapuro zibaho mu buryo butari bumwe.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ikoreshwa ry'amazi yera rirazamuka kugira ngo rigabanye ubwinshi bw'amazi mu ruhu, bikongera umuvuduko w'amazi ugera ku muyoboro. Ibi byongera itandukaniro ry'urugero rw'amazi, byongera ubwinshi bw'amazi, bigabanya ingaruka z'ubwinshi bw'amazi, kandi bigabanya itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko, bityo bikongera uburinganire bw'amabati.
Ku mashini za Fourdrinier
Gukubita cyane bituma amazi agorana, bikongera umuyoboro w'amazi, byongera ubushuhe mu rupapuro rutose, kandi bigatera gushonga cyangwa gusya mu gihe cyo gukanda. Impapuro zikwirakwira ku mashini zigabanya, kandi gushonga mu gihe cyo kuma biriyongera, bigatera inenge nko gupfunyika no gushwanyagurika.
Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, ingano y’ibinure mu mazi ishobora kwiyongera binyuze mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi y’umweru, bigabanye ibibazo byo kuvoma.
Ku rundi ruhande, iyo urugero rwo gukubita ruri hasi, insinga zikunda kunyerera, kandi amazi asohoka vuba cyane ku muyoboro, bigira ingaruka ku buryo impapuro zimeze kimwe. Muri iki gihe, kongera ikoreshwa ry'amazi yera kugira ngo hagabanuke ingano y'amacupa yakuwemo bishobora kugabanya kunyerera no kunoza imiterere y'amacupa.
Umwanzuro
Gutunganya impapuro ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora impapuro. Mu gukora impapuro, ni ngombwa kugira ngo:
- Gukurikiranira hafi no kugenzura neza impinduka mu mihindagurikire y’ibicuruzwaurugero rw'ibinure mu mubirikugira ngo imikorere ihamye.
- Witondere impinduka mu bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere y'imikorere yabyo.kandi, iyo bibaye ngombwa, hindura urugero rw'ibinure nk'igikoresho cyo gukemura ibibazo nk'ibyo twavuze haruguru.
Mu gucunga neza uburyo ibinure bivangwa, umusaruro uhoraho, impapuro nziza, no gukora neza bishobora kugerwaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-24-2025
