ContinuousGupima ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi ni inkingi ikomeye mu mikorere myiza, ikora neza kandi ijyanye n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bikora mu gutunganya, kubika no gucunga propylene. Ni byo shingiro ryo kugenzura ububiko, kuringaniza ibikoresho, no kwemeza ko imiterere n'ibipimo bya nyuma by'ibicuruzwa—nk'ibya propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer—byujuje ibisabwa. Ku bintu bihindagurika kandi bifite umuvuduko nk'uwa propylene, amakuru nyayo y'ubucucike si ngombwa gusa mu bya tekiniki ahubwo ni n'igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'umutekano kigira ingaruka ku mibare y'ibyuzuye mu ruganda, kumenya umwanya w'umwuka, no kugabanya ibyago mu gihe cyo kubika no kohereza ibintu.
Intangiriro
Propylene ifite isuku nyinshi kandi yo mu rwego rwa polymer (PGP) ni ingenzi mu nganda zigezweho z’ibinyabutabire, cyane cyane mu gukora polypropylene. Iyo PGP ifite isuku isanzwe iri hejuru ya 99.5%, ituma habaho imikorere myiza ya polymerization, imikorere myiza ya catalyst, no gukora polypropylene ifite imiterere imwe n’iya shimi. Ubwiza bwa PGP bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku nganda kuva ku gupakira no ku bice by’imodoka kugeza ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’iby’ubuvuzi, aho ndetse n’impinduka nto mu miterere ya polymer cyangwa imbaraga za mashini zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
Gukora Propylene
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Gusukura propylene kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwa polymer bikubiyemo gukuraho ibimenyetso bya propane, dienes, ogisijeni, n'ibindi bishobora kwanduza. Iyi myanda, ndetse no ku rugero rwa ppm, ishobora kwangiza cyane ibintu bishobora kwanduza nka sisitemu za Ziegler-Natta na Metallocene, bigatuma catalyst ihagarika gukora, umusaruro ukagabanuka, uburemere bwa molekile bukwirakwira, ndetse n'imiterere y'umusaruro ihinduka. Ibimera bya polypropylene byishingikiriza ku buryo bugezweho nko gusya, kunyuzamo ibyuma n'ibimera by'umwimerere (MOFs), no gutandukanya membrane kugira ngo bigabanye iyi myanda no kubungabunga uburyo ikomeza gukora.
Kubika neza no gufata neza propylene y'amazi ni ingenzi cyane bitewe n'imiterere yayo iteje akaga. Propylene irashya cyane, ibikwa munsi y'umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ikora uruvange rw'ibintu biturika hamwe n'umwuka. Hakenewe amabwiriza akomeye: kubika bigomba kuba ahantu hahumeka neza hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byemewe bifite umuvuduko mwinshi bifite ibikoresho byo kugabanya umuvuduko no kugenzura umwuka. Abakozi bahuguwe gusa nibo bagomba gukora ibikorwa byo kohereza no gupima ibizamini bakurikije cyane amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'akazi, bakareba ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge n'umutekano w'aho bakorera.
Indi shingiro ry’ingufu zifatika zo gutanga propylene ni ugupima neza ubucucike bwa propylene y’amazi—umutungo ufitanye isano rya hafi no kugenzura ibikorwa, gucunga ububiko, n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa. Gupima ubucucike bw’amazi, cyane cyane propylene, ni ingenzi mu kumenya ubuziranenge no gupima amazi n’uburemere mu gihe cyo kubika, kohereza no gupima polymer. Uburyo gakondo nko gupima amazi butanga agaciro ariko ntibukwiriye gukoreshwa mu nganda. Ibisubizo bigezweho—ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’ubwoko bwa oscillation, harimo n’ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter—bifasha kugenzura mu buryo bwihuse, bishyigikira kugenzura ubuziranenge n’imikorere myiza. Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru kandi byakozwe kugira ngo bikore neza mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko ugoye bihura nabyo mu gutunganya propylene no gukora polypropylene, bigamije kwemeza ko ibintu byose bihuye kandi ko bikurikirana neza mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.
Gusobanukirwa imikoranire iri hagati yo gutunganya propylene, ubuziranenge bw'ibiryo by'ibiryo, uburyo bwo kubika neza, no gupima ubucucike buhamye ni ingenzi kugira ngo propylene ihamye kandi yo mu rwego rwa polymer igere ku nganda za polypropylene ku isi, ikomeze imikorere n'amahame y'umutekano nk'uko inganda zibisaba.
Propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer: Ibisobanuro, Imiterere, n'Umusaruro
Propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer ni iki?
Propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer ni ubwoko bwa propylene isukuye cyane (C₃H₆) ikenewe cyane mu gukora polypropylene n'izindi polymer. Akamaro kayo gaturuka ku buziranenge bukabije bw'ibinyabutabire bya polymerization nka Ziegler-Natta na sisitemu za metallocene. Izi catalysts zishobora cyane kwanduza imyanda nka sulfur, fosifore, amazi, na ogisijeni, bishobora guhagarika catalyst no kwangiza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bya polymer. Kubera iyo mpamvu, propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer igomba kurenga urugero rw'ubuziranenge bwa 99.5%, aho ibipimo bisanzwe by'inganda bigera kuri 99.7%. Ingano ya sulfure igarukira munsi ya 0.1–0.2 ppm, fosifore akenshi iri munsi ya 0.1 ppm, n'amazi ari munsi ya 5 ppm kugira ngo irinde imikorere ya catalyst no kuramba. Ikoranabuhanga rya catalyst rihanganye, nk'ikoreshwa mu gupima ibintu byinshi, umuti, na gaze, ritandukanye mu kwihanganira ubuziranenge bwabyo, ariko byose bisaba ibiryo bisukuye cyane kugira ngo bikore neza kandi bikore neza. Kubungabunga ubu buziranenge ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko hakoreshwa uburyo buhenze bwo gusimbuza catalyst no kudakora neza bitewe no guhagarika cyangwa kwanduza ibiryo by’ibinyabutabire kugira ngo hakorwe propylene.
Imiterere y'ingenzi y'umubiri
Propylene ni gazi idafite ibara kandi ihindagurika cyane mu bihe bisanzwe, ikaba ifite imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu kuyikoresha no kuyibika. Aho ishyuha ni -47.6 °C, naho aho ishongesha ni -185 °C. Iyo ibitswe cyangwa itwarwa nk'amazi munsi y'umuvuduko, gusobanukirwa ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi n'ubucucike ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ikore neza kandi neza. Kuri -48 °C n'umuvuduko wo mu kirere, ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi ni hafi 0.51 g/cm³. Mu gihe cyo kubika umwuka usanzwe (urugero, 8–10 bar, 20 °C), ubucucike bushobora kwiyongera bukagera kuri 0.49–0.52 g/cm³. Ibi bipimo by'ubucucike ni ingenzi cyane mu kuringaniza uburemere bw'ibikorwa, ingano y'ikigega, no gupima urwego. Propylene ifite ubucucike bwikubye inshuro 1.5 mu cyiciro cy'umwuka ushyushye kurusha umwuka, bigatuma umwuka usohoka wirunda mu bice biri hasi, bigatera ibyago bikomeye. Gupima neza ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi bigerwaho binyuze mu bipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi byimbitse, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bigatuma abakora ibikorwa byo kugenzura no kugenzura neza ububiko no kunoza imiterere y'ububiko. Imyitwarire y'ihindagurika ry'ikirere n'imyitwarire y'ibyiciro bisaba ibisubizo byateguwe kugira ngo habeho gutandukanya ibyiciro, kugenzura ubushyuhe, no kumenya aho amazi aturuka haba mu gihe cyo kuyafata no kuyabika.
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gukora
Inzira nyamukuru z'inganda zo gukora propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer ni ugucika kw'umwuka, gucika kw'ingufu, no kudahuza kwa olefin (cyane cyane metathesis).
Gucika kw'umwuka:Gucika kw'umwuka w'ibinyabutabire bya hydrocarbon (naphtha, LPG, cyangwa ethane) bitanga ethylene ariko kandi bigatanga propylene y'agaciro. Ibikoresho bya mbere birimo uruvange rwa hydrocarbon zisaba gusukurwa mu ntambwe nyinshi, harimo no gusya ibintu bivanze na hydrogenation, kugira ngo bigere ku bipimo bya polymer. Imwe mu mbogamizi ni uko propylene na propane bishyuha cyane, ibyo bigatuma gutandukana birushaho kugorana kandi bigatuma ikiguzi cy'ingufu n'ibikoresho kizamuka.
Gucika kw'ingufu mu buryo bwa "Catalytic Catalytic":Uduce twa FCC duhindura amavuta ya gaze mo alkenes zoroheje, bigatuma propylene iba igikoresho gikomeye. FCC n'ibindi bijyana nayo bitanga olefini nyinshi (C₄–C₈), nyuma yaho gucikamo ibice bishobora kongera umusaruro wa propylene ariko bikongera ingorane mu mikorere yo gutandukanya.
Kugabanuka kwa Olefin (Metathesis):Ikoranabuhanga rya Metathesis, nk'uburyo ethylene na butenes zikora, rituma propylene ikorwa ku bushake. Ubu buryo burakurura uburyo ibiryo biryoha kandi bushobora gukora imiyoboro y’amazi meza cyane hamwe n’ibikomoka ku bimera bike, bigabanye ibyifuzo byo gusukura amazi. Ariko, ubwiza bw’ibiryo n’ibikomoka ku bimera biracyagira ingaruka ku miterere ya sisitemu yo gusukura.
Uburyo bwo gukora butanga umusaruro ukomoka ku bimera—kuva kuri hydrogen, methane, na hydrocarbon zitandukanye za C₄+ kugira ngo hamenyekane imyanda—bigomba gutandukanywa neza kugira ngo propylene itandukane neza ku buziranenge bwa polymer. Imbonerahamwe y'ibimera bikomoka kuri buri nzira igena ubukana n'imiterere yo gusukura amazi, cyane cyane mu gukuraho propane, uburozi budahagije, n'uburozi busanzwe. Intambwe zo gusukura, harimo hydrogenation itoranijwe, distillation, adsorption, na sisitemu zigezweho zo gusukura membrane, zigenewe buri gikorwa kugira ngo zihuze n'ibisabwa mu gutunganya propylene nk'uko bikorwa mu mikorere ya polymerization.
Gukurikirana no guhindura buri gihe ibipimo by'ingenzi by'umubiri, nka propylene liquid decision n'ubushyuhe, haba mu gihe cyo gukora no kubika, bigerwaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupima mu murongo nk'iryo Lonnmeter ikoresha. Aya makuru ni ingenzi mu kubara ingano y'ibipimo no kugenzura ko amahame y'umutekano yubahirizwa, cyane cyane mu gucunga no kubika propylene liquid aho hasabwa kugenzura neza.
Hasi hari imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya igaragaza ubucucike busanzwe bwa propylene y'amazi mu bihe bitandukanye:
| Ubushyuhe (°C) | Igitutu (umugozi) | Ubucucike bwa Propylene y'amazi (g/cm³) |
| -48 | 1 | 0.51 |
| 0 | 5 | 0.52 |
| 20 | 9 | 0.49 |
| 40 | 15 | 0.47 |
Gupima neza ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa bitanga amakuru ku buryo bw'umutekano ndetse no kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho byose bikorerwa mu bubiko no mu micungire ya propylene.
Ingamba zo Gusukura Propylene mu Gutanga Ingano ya Polymer
Uburyo bwo gusukura mu nganda
Gutunganya ifumbire bikomeje kuba inkingi y'ingenzi mu gutunganya ifumbire, bitandukanya propylene na propane n'izindi hydrocarbons zoroheje kugira ngo bihuze n'umubare w'ubuziranenge wa >99.5% usabwa kuri propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer. Ubu buryo bukoresha itandukaniro rito mu kubira kw'amazi—propylene kuri -47.6 °C na propane kuri -42.1 °C—bigasaba inkingi ndende kandi nini zo kuzura no gutanga ingufu nyinshi. Uku gukenera ingufu nyinshi bituma gutunganya ifumbire bisanzwe bihenda, cyane cyane uko ibisabwa mu gutunganya ifumbire bikomera kandi intego z'imikorere ziyongera. Imbogamizi zirimo igihombo cya propylene (cyane cyane ko mu mateka cyasaga na toni 2.900 ku mwaka mu nganda zitunganya ifumbire imwe) no kugabanuka k'umusaruro uko amasahani menshi cyangwa reflux nyinshi bishyirwa mu kunoza ubuziranenge bw'amazi.
Ingamba zigezweho zo gusya zikemura zimwe muri izi mbogamizi. Urugero, gushyira mu bikorwa isuku ya porupiliyani ku kigero cya 70%, bigatuma habaho kuzigama amafaranga menshi yo gukoresha ku bigo byifuza gushora imari mu miterere mishya y’inkingi cyangwa impinduka. Ibikoresho byo gusya porupiliyani bivangwa n’ingufu birushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu no koroshya imikorere, cyane cyane iyo bikoresha ibiribwa bitandukanye. Ingano nk’izi zigaragaza kugabanuka kwa 12.6% mu ikiguzi cya buri mwaka binyuze mu gukuraho umusoro ku mpande zitoranijwe za porupiliyani cyangwa inorganic mbere yo gukosora burundu hakoreshejwe isuku. Uburyo bwo gusya porupiliyani hakoreshejwe ibinyobwa byatoranijwe byihariye nk’ibinyabutabire, nka [BMIM][TFA], butuma ingufu zigabanuka kugeza kuri 82% ugereranije n’uburyo gakondo. Ubu bushya butuma inganda zigana ku gutunganya porupiliyani mu buryo burambye, bushobora kwaguka, kandi buhendutse.
Gusukura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukurura ibintu bitanga ubundi buryo bwo kuyungurura. Ibikoresho nka Cu-MOF-74 (ibyuma bikozwe mu muringa n'ibikomoka ku bimera) byagaragaye ko bikora neza cyane bitewe n'uburyo byakozwe neza mu buryo buhanitse ndetse n'ahantu hafunguye ibyuma. Ibi bikoresho bituma propylene ihinduka cyane binyuze mu gucengera molekile ndetse n'imikoranire myiza hagati ya hydrocarbons zitarase n'uduce tw'umuringa. Ibizamini byakozwe mu bushakashatsi byemeza ko Cu-MOF-74 ishobora gutanga propylene ifite ubuziranenge burenze 99.5%, byujuje neza amabwiriza y'inganda za polymer. Ikigaragara ni uko izi sisitemu zo gukurura ibintu zikora ku gitutu gito n'ubushyuhe buri hafi y'aho hantu, bigabanya cyane ingufu zinjira ugereranije n'ubushyuhe, kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo buhoraho.
Imiterere iheruka yo gutunganya ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye. Gahunda zivanze zikoresha uburyo bwa mbere bwo gushyiramo ibintu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "ultra-microporous frameworks" (nk'ibinyabutabire bishingiye kuri azolate) kugira ngo poropylene ikomeze kwiyongera, hanyuma hagakurikiraho "polishing distillation" kugira ngo habeho gukuraho ibintu byanduye. Ubu buryo butuma habaho "ultra-high-purity output", bukagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, kandi bukoroshya imikorere. Urugero, "one adsorption-desorption cycles" byavuzwe ko itanga propylene irenga 99.7% mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari n'ubw'igerageza. "Hybrid hollow-fiber membrane" na "distillation" bifasha mu gukomeza inzira no kwihutisha ihindagurika ry'ibikoresho fatizo, bigatanga umusaruro uhoraho wa polymer mu gihe bigabanya imiterere ya karuboni.
Kugera ku Isuku Ikomeye Cyane
Propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer ikenera urugero rw’ibintu byanduye, ubusanzwe ruri munsi ya 30 ppm propane, 1 ppm ethylene, 1 ppm amazi, n’urugero rwa ppt rw’uburozi bwa catalyst (urugero, O₂, CO, amine, compounds za sulfure) kugira ngo irinde catalysts za polymerization zikora cyane kandi zigatanga imiterere ihamye ya polymer. Kugira ngo umuntu agere kuri urwo rugero rw’ubuziranenge, agerweho kandi akomeze gutunganya neza, ahuza uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu byinshi n’intambwe zo kurangiza no gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse.
Guhuza ibikorwa ni ingenzi. Sisitemu zo gusukura zikozwe nk'utuzu mu ruhererekane rw'agaciro rwa propylene, zihuzwa neza n'ibikoresho byo hejuru cyangwa bidafite amazi n'ibikoresho byo hasi bya polymerization. Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge rikomeza kuva ku biryo by'ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bubiko bwa nyuma bw'ibicuruzwa. Guhuza ibikoresho byo mu murongo hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubucucike n'ubukana bw'ibipimo by'ubucucike—nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter—bituma hapimwa byihuse kandi neza imiterere y'amazi y'ingenzi ya propylene, nk'ubucucike bw'amazi, ari na byo bipimo by'ingenzi mu bubiko, kohereza no gucunga uburyo bwo kugaburira.
Urugero rw'uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa rushobora kuba rukubiyemo:
- Gusukura by'ibanze kugira ngo habeho gutandukanya ibintu byinshi no kugabanya umwanda,
- Cu-MOF-74 cyangwa ibitanda bisa nabyo bisukura neza,
- Gutunganya burundu cyangwa gusiga irangi ry'urukiramende kugeza kuri <10 ppm imyanda yose ya hydrocarbon.
Ubu buryo bugabanya ikiguzi cy'imari n'ibikorwa mu gihe butuma ibiryo bya propylene byuzuza cyangwa birenga amahame ngenderwaho yo gutunganywa mu nganda.
Gutanga propylene idafite inenge cyane ni ingenzi ku miyoboro ya polypropylene na copolymer, kuko ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ibintu bihumanya bigira ingaruka ku musaruro, ubwiza bw'umusaruro, no ku mikorere myiza. Gukomeza kugenzura neza ubucucike bw'amazi ya propylene—bupimwe mu bigega no mu ifunguro rya reactor—burinda ko ibiryo bitagenda neza kandi bigashyigikira imiterere ya polymer ihoraho. Uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi, nka metero zipima ubucucike bw'amazi zinyura mu murongo na pycnometers za laboratwari zigenzuwe, bihuzwa mu bikorwa byose byo kubika no gutunganya propylene. Ikoranabuhanga rya Lonnmeter, ryagenewe kugenzura mu buryo nyabwo kandi bunoze, rifasha mu gufunga umurongo wo kugenzura kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge, uburyo bwo gucunga no kubika propylene y'amazi nk'uburyo bwo gutanga ibisubizo.
Gufata no kubika neza propylene biterwa n'uburyo ibikoresho biyicunga, gusesengura imikorere yayo, n'ibitekerezo biva mu bikoresho biyicunga. Ibi bipimo, bihujwe n'ingamba zo kuyisukura, byemeza ko umusaruro wa nyuma utangwa mu ikorwa rya polymer atari mwiza cyane gusa ahubwo ko wujuje neza ibisabwa byose bijyanye n'ubucucike, imiterere, n'ibipimo by'ubwandu.
Kubika no gucunga Propylene: Uburyo bwiza n'imbogamizi
Ububiko bufite umutekano kandi bunoze
Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kubika propylene bisaba gusuzuma amasanduku afite umuvuduko, amatangi afungishijwe ibyuma, n'ubuvumo bwo munsi y'ubutaka. Amasanduku afite umuvuduko ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu gutanga ubushobozi buringaniye, hakoreshejwe amatangi y'icyuma yakozwe hakurikijwe amahame ya ASME. Ubu buryo bukora ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere, bugatuma propylene iba amazi binyuze mu gukomeza umuvuduko urenze urugero rw'amazi abira. Ingufu zabwo ziterwa no kubahiriza ibisabwa ku musingi, kurinda ingese, no gushyiramo ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko. Igenzura rya buri gihe ni ngombwa kugira ngo hakomeze kubahiriza amategeko agenga umutekano.
Ibigega bikonjeshwa bibereye ububiko bunini cyangwa burambye bwa propylene. Ibi bigega bigumana ubushyuhe budakabije cyangwa bukabije hamwe n’ubushyuhe bukomeye, bigabanya ibyago byo gushonga no gutakaza umwuka. Imiterere y’ibigega byose cyangwa imiterere y’inkuta ebyiri yongera umutekano binyuze mu gutanga ubushyuhe mu gihe ibigega byangiritse. Ibisabwa mu mikorere yo kubika ibigega bikonjeshwa birimo kugenzura neza ubuziranenge bw’ubushyuhe n’imiterere yabyo bitewe n’ubushyuhe bukabije. Kunanirwa kw’ibigega cyangwa ubushyuhe bishobora kwiyongera vuba bikagera ku irekurwa ry’umwuka no kugabanuka k’umuvuduko mwinshi.
Ubuvumo bwo munsi y’ubutaka, busanzwe bwubatswe mu mazu y’umunyu cyangwa mu mabuye akwiye, bukoreshwa iyo hagomba kubikwa ububiko bunini cyane. Ubu buvumo bwungukira ku bushyuhe bw’imbere no kuburinda, bigabanya ibyago bijyana n’inkongi z’umuriro cyangwa ibisasu. Ariko, ubuhanga burushaho kwiyongera uko bikenewe kugira ngo amazi adasohoka neza, gucunga uburyo bwo kuyakuramo/gutera, no gukumira ibibazo by’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka cyangwa ibibazo by’ubwandu.
Kubika neza bishingiye ku kugenzura cyane ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'ubushyuhe. Propylene igomba kubikwa mu buryo buciriritse bw'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko kugira ngo hirindwe impinduka zishobora guterwa n'ingaruka mbi. Umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi bishobora gutera umwuka ushyushye vuba, bigatera ibibazo by'umutekano n'ubuziranenge. Ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibintu bigezweho bikoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo kumenya ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko hamwe na valve zigenzura zikora ku buryo bwikora n'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe kugira ngo ikirere kigume gihamye. Kubahiriza ibisabwa ku nzitizi zishingiye ku muriro n'imipaka y'ububiko ni itegeko ku mitungo yose ibikwamo.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu miterere y'ububiko no mu micungire y'imikorere ni ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi. Ubucucike bw'amazi ya propylene buratandukana bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko, bigira ingaruka ku bunini bw'ikigega n'imicungire y'ububiko. Urugero, impinduka nto mu bushyuhe bwo kubika ibintu ishobora guhindura ubucucike buhagije kugira ngo bugire ingaruka zikomeye ku bubiko bwabazwe. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ibigo bikoresha uburyo bwo gupima mu gihe nyacyo—nk'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'imbere mu murongo, imashini zitanga amakuru ku rwego rwa radar, n'imbonerahamwe zo gukosora—kugira ngo bihindure ingano yapimwe mo ububiko bw'ibintu nyabyo. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gutanga raporo z'amategeko no kugabanya itandukaniro ry'ibicuruzwa. Gukoresha imicungire ishingiye ku bucucike aho gukurikirana ingano gusa, cyane cyane iyo ukoresheje propylene y'amazi, bitanga ubuziranenge bukenewe mu kohereza no gukumira igihombo.
Hasi hari imbonerahamwe igaragaza uburyo ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi buhinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe, igaragaza ingaruka zayo ku mibare y'ibikoresho by'ikigega:
| Ubushyuhe (°C) | Ubucucike bwa Propylene y'amazi (kg/m³) |
|------------------|- ...|
| -40 | 636 |
| -20 | 608 |
| 0 | 579 |
| 20 | 550 |
| 40 | 520 |
Nkuko byagaragajwe, izamuka ry'ubushyuhe kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri 40°C rigabanya ubucucike bw'amazi ho hejuru ya kg 100/m³, bishimangira akamaro ko kubika ubushyuhe buhamye no gupima ubucucike neza mu gucunga ibikoresho.
Uburyo bwo Gukemura
Gufata neza propylene y'amazi n'iy'umwuka ni ingenzi cyane ku mutekano w'ibimera no ku mikoreshereze yayo yizewe. Uburyo butangirana n'amabwiriza yihariye yo kwimura, gupakira no gupakurura mu buryo bwizewe. Imiyoboro yose yo kwimura n'imiyoboro igomba kuba ijyanye n'imiterere ya propylene n'imiti kugira ngo hirindwe kubyimba cyangwa kwangirika. Imiyoboro ikoreshwa ipimwa ku gitutu, kandi iyoherezwa ryose rigenzurwa uhereye mu cyumba cyo kugenzura. Abakozi bose bakora akazi ko kuyitwara bakoresha imyenda irinda inkongi y'umuriro, ibikoresho bipima gazi, n'ibikoresho birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere kugira ngo hakurweho inkomoko y'umuriro.
Ibikorwa byo kwimura ibintu bikurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo gukora: kugenzura uburyo ikigega n'imiyoboro bishyirwa mu buryo bworoshye, ibikoresho byo gufunga no gufatanya, gushyira umuvuduko buhoro buhoro, no kuringaniza umwuka uhoraho kugira ngo hirindwe umuvuduko ukabije. Sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro y'amazi zifite valve zikoreshwa kure n'uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko. Mu gihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura, sisitemu zo kwimura umwuka cyangwa uburyo bwo kugarura umwuka ufunze bikoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ishoka umuriro no kwirinda ko umwuka winjira, bishobora gutera uruvange rw'ibiturika.
Bitewe n’ihindagurika n’ubushyuhe bwa propylene, kugabanya ibyago ni ihame ry’ingenzi mu mikorere. Uburyo bwo gukora bwemezwa haba mu bihe bisanzwe ndetse no mu bihe byihutirwa. Abakora bagenzura buri gihe aho amazi ava bakoresheje amazi y’isabune cyangwa ibikoresho byabugenewe byo gupima amazi ava. Ahantu ho gukorera hashyirwa ahantu hatari abakozi n’ibikoresho bidakenewe byo gutwika, kandi valve zo gufunga byihutirwa zishyirwa ahantu hashobora kugerwaho. Ibibazo byo kwangirika—nk’imiyoboro yangiritse, ibigega byuzuye cyane, cyangwa amakosa y’ibikoresho—bikemurwa no kuzimya sisitemu mu buryo bwikora no kuzimya umwuka mwinshi.
Gusubiza umwuka mu kirere no gukumira amazi aturuka mu kirere ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano no mu mikorere myiza. Sisitemu zigezweho zo gusubiza umwuka mu kirere—nk'ibikoresho byo mu kirere cyangwa ibikoresho byo kugabanya umwuka—zigabanya umwuka uva mu kirere kandi zigatanga uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha amazi mu miyoboro y'amazi. Ibikoresho bifite bene izi sisitemu bigaragaza ko byagabanyije cyane igihombo cy'umuriro no kunoza imikorere y'ubukungu. Udukoresho two kumenya amazi aturuka mu kirere dufite ibikoresho bipima gazi n'ibirango by'amashanyarazi bishyirwa mu bikorwa remezo by'umutekano w'inganda, bigatuma habaho ubufasha bwihuse mu gihe habayeho impanuka. Gutahura amazi aturuka mu kirere byiyongereyeho sisitemu zo kuzimya amazi mu buryo bwihutirwa zitandukanya ibice byangiritse by'iyi sisitemu kandi zigakoresha uburyo bwo gusukura umwuka mu buryo bwo hejuru cyangwa amadirishya y'amazi aturuka mu kirere.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gucunga neza poropylene ni ugukomeza gukurikirana neza ububiko bw'ibikoresho. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ibikoresho, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bishyigikira gupima neza ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa by'amazi mu gihe nyacyo. Ibi bipimo bitanga amakuru y'ingenzi ku buryo bwo kugenzura, bifasha ababikora kugenzura ko uburyo bwo kwimura no kubika ibintu budatera kuzuza byinshi cyangwa bike, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo gusukwa no gushonga. Gupima ubucucike bw'ibikoresho mu buryo butaziguye, hamwe n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe, ni byo shingiro ry'ibikorwa byizewe byo kubika no kubika ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko bihindagurika.
Muri rusange, uburyo bwiza bwo kubika no gukoresha propylene buhuza ibisubizo byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki, igenzura rihoraho, n'uburyo buhamye bwo gukemura ibibazo byihariye bivuka n'iyi miti ihindagurika cyane. Gushyira mu bikorwa byayo hamwe ntibishobora kuganirwaho kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza, ijyanye n'amategeko, kandi inoze mu gukora, kubika no gukwirakwiza propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer.
Gupima Ubucucike bwa Propylene y'Amazi: Amahame n'Ibisubizo
Akamaro ko gupima ubucucike
Ku bijyanye no gucunga ububiko, kumenya ubucucike nyabwo bwa propylene y'amazi bituma abakora akazi bashobora guhindura hagati y'ingano n'uburemere nta makosa menshi, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu kubara, kohereza no gukumira igihombo. Mu kugenzura ibikorwa, ibipimo by'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo bikoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere ihamye y'ibiryo by'ibikoresho by'ibiryo, harimo n'ibitanga ibiryo by'ibiryo byo gukora polypropylene. Ndetse no kugabanuka guto mu miterere ya propylene y'amazi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya catalyst n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro. Amatsinda ashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge yishingikiriza ku bucucike nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa bihuye n'ubuziranenge, cyane cyane kugira ngo yemeze ko ibikoresho ari propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer. Byongeye kandi, kumenya ubucucike nyabwo ni ingenzi ku mutekano, bigira ingaruka ku byemezo birebana n'urugero rw'ibigega, aho bifasha mu kugabanya umuvuduko, n'ingamba zo guhangana n'ibibazo byihutirwa mu bihe bikunze gushya kandi bihindagurika nk'uko bikunze kugaragara muri serivisi ya propylene.
Uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi
Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi nka propylene, buri buryo bufite amahame, ibyiza n'ibibi bitandukanye.
Uburyo busanzwe nihydrometer, ikirahure gikozwe mu buryo bungana n’amazi cyinjijwe mu mazi gifite urwego rwo kuzenguruka rufitanye isano itaziguye n’ubucucike. Nubwo gikoreshwa cyane mu koroshya ibintu, hydrometer zishobora kubura ubwiza busabwa mu gutanga serivisi ya propylene, aho itandukaniro rito rigira ingaruka zikomeye.
Iterambere kurushaho nidensitometero ya U-tube ihindagurikaIki gikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga kigizwe n’umuyoboro w’amazi urimo ubusa, unyuramo icyitegererezo. Inshuro zo guhindagurika ziratandukana bitewe n’uburemere bw’umuyoboro n’amazi ari imbere, bigatuma habaho kumenya neza ubucucike, mu gihe ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko bigenzurwa neza.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ikoranabuhanga— zimwe zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya U-tube rihindura imiterere y’ibikoresho—zihuza uburyo bwo gusoma ibintu mu buryo butaziguye, uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe bwikora, no kubika amakuru. Ibi birakwiriye cyane ahantu hasaba imbaraga nyinshi kandi akenshi bishyirwa mu ma laboratwari ndetse no mu murongo wo kugenzura ibikorwa. Ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’ibikoresho byakozwe na Lonnmeter byagenewe gukoreshwa mu nganda, bitanga umusaruro ukomeye mu bihe bigoye.
Ibintu Bihindura Ibipimo by'Ubucucike bw'Amazi
Ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bufatika bwo gupima ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi:
- Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe:Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bigabanya ubucucike bwa propylene. Guhindagurika guto bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye bitewe n'ubwiyongere bukabije bwa propylene; bityo, kugenzura ubushyuhe no kwishyura ntibishobora kuganirwaho.
- Impinduka mu gitutu:Bitandukanye n'imyuka, ibinyobwa birimo na propylene, bigaragaza ukwiyongera guciriritse ariko gukomeye k'ubucucike iyo igitutu kibaye, cyane cyane iyo igitutu kiri mu nzira yo kubyazwa umusaruro cyangwa mu bubiko busanzwe ku myuka yashongeshejwe. Uburyo bwo gupima bugomba gupimwa hakurikijwe ibi bihe kandi hagakosorwa ibikwiye.
- Umwanda n'Ibintu Bihumanya:Kuba hari izindi hydrocarbon cyangwa imyuka yashongeshejwe bihindura ubucucike mu buryo butaziguye, bigira ingaruka ku kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'imigezi ifite agaciro gakomeye nka polymer grade propylene. Gahunda zo kugenzura ubuziranenge zigomba gukuraho cyangwa kubara ingaruka z'izi ngaruka.
Gusaba gukoresha poropylene
Amakuru y’ubucucike bwa propylene y’amazi yapimwe ashyigikira imikorere y’ingenzi mu bubiko no mu gutunganya propylene. Mu gucunga ububiko, ntabwo igena gusa ingano yuzuye ya tanki, ahubwo igena n’ingano y’uburemere bwayo—ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi iyo ibipimo by’ingano ya tanki bitanze raporo y’ingano, ariko ibicuruzwa bikagurishwa hakurikijwe uburemere. Ku bijyanye n’ingano y’ibikoresho, yemeza ko inzira z’ibikorwa zibarwa neza, haba mu bikorwa bihoraho ndetse no mu bikorwa by’itsinda.
Mu gutegura ibiryo by’ibiryo ku bikoresho by’ubuhumekero, nk’ibyo mu nganda zitunganya propylene cyangwa polymerization, kumenya ubucucike nyabwo byemeza imiterere nyayo y’ibiryo n’uburyo bihoraho, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’umusaruro. Amakosa mu gupima ubucucike ashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bidashyirwa mu buryo bukwiye, ikoreshwa ritameze neza rya catalyst, cyangwa se bikaba byateza akaga bitewe n’uko imiyoboro yuzuye cyane mu gutanga umuvuduko.
Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amategeko, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zitegeka gupima ubucucike bw’ibinyabutabire no kwandika inyandiko z’ibinyabutabire bihindagurika, haba mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’abaturage no gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa by’isoko. Ibikorwa by’inganda bigamije imikorere myiza bishingiye kuri aya makuru atari ukugira ngo byuzuze gusa amategeko, ahubwo no kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho, kongera umusaruro, no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora kitateganijwe—byose bishingiye ku kugira agaciro k’ubucucike bw’ibinyabutabire gahamye kandi gafite ishingiro buri gihe.
Gupima neza ubucucike bw'ibinyobwa nka propylene ntabwo ari igikorwa gisanzwe, ahubwo ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo guteza imbere imikorere myiza, ireme, n'umutekano mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwose bwo kubika, gutwara no gukoresha propylene.
Imikoreshereze n'ibisabwa ku bwiza bwa Poropilene yo mu rwego rwa polymer
Propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer, ifite urwego rw'ubuziranenge rurenga 99.5%, ni yo ngaruka nyamukuru y'ikorwa rya polypropylene n'ubwoko bwinshi bwa polymer zigezweho. Imiterere yayo ikomeye y'ubuziranenge si ikintu gishingiye ku buryo butunguranye ahubwo ni ibisabwa bitaziguye bitewe n'ubushobozi bwa catalysts zigezweho za polymerization, cyane cyane Ziegler-Natta na metallocene systems. Ndetse n'ibintu bihumanya ikirere - acetylenes, imvange irimo sulfure cyangwa azote, ogisijeni, na hydrocarbons runaka - bishobora kwangiza catalysts, bigatera umwanda udasubirwaho, kandi bikagabanya cyane umusaruro wa polymer n'imikorere myiza.
Uruhare nk'uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu kuri Polypropylene na Polymers zigezweho
Gukora polypropylene bishingiye ku gutanga poropylene ihoraho, aho imyanda iguma munsi cyane y’ibice kuri miliyoni, naho kuri bimwe mu binyabutabire, munsi y’ibice kuri miliyari. Sisitemu za katalyst za Ziegler-Natta, zishingiye ku ikorwa rya polypropylene ya isotactic, zibasirwa cyane n’uburozi buto cyane nk’amazi, ogisijeni, monoxyde de carbone, cyangwa methylacetylene. Iyi myanda ntihagarika gusa ahantu hakora katalyst ahubwo igira ingaruka zikomeye ku buziranenge bw’ibinyabutabire, gukwirakwira kw’ibice bya molekile, no ku buryo polimeri ikorwa ihinduka.
Isano itaziguye hagati y’umutwaro w’imyanda n’ikoreshwa rya catalyst ritera ingaruka zikomeye ku giciro. Gusimbuza catalyst kenshi, guhagarika ibikorwa bitateguwe, no gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi bitari ngombwa byose bishobora guterwa no kugabanuka k’ubwiza bw’ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, gusukura propylene buri gihe si ikintu cy’agaciro ahubwo ni ngombwa kugira ngo imikorere ibe yizewe kandi igire inyungu.
Izindi nyongeramusaruro mu byuma bikoresha imiti n'ibinyabutabire byihariye
Uretse polypropylene, propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer ni ingenzi mu nzira nyinshi zo gukora imiti ifite agaciro kanini. Ishyigikira imikorere ya aside acrylic binyuze mu buryo bubiri bwo gukaranga no gukora cumene binyuze mu gukaranga benzene. Uburyo bwombi kandi bushingiye ku mirire ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi:
- Mu gukora aside acrylic, ndetse n'ibintu bito bya sulfure cyangwa ogisijeni bishobora guhagarika catalysts zikora ogisijeni, bikagabanya umusaruro cyangwa bigateza imbere umusaruro utifuzwa.
- Gutunganya Cumene nabyo bishingiye ku isuku ya propylene kugira ngo zeolite catalyst irambe kandi ihitemo impinduka, aho inganda zanditseho ko zigera kuri >99.999% by’ihinduka ry’ibicuruzwa na >99.97% by’isuku y’ibicuruzwa iyo hakoreshejwe ibiryo byasukuwe neza.
Ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire byihariye, nka polyol, plasticizer, n’ikorwa rya surfactant, rishyiraho ibisabwa ku buryo bungana ku isuku ya propylene, bigatuma ibiribwa bitari ibya specific bibangamira tekiniki n’ubukungu.
Akamaro k'ubucuruzi ko kubungabunga ubuziranenge bwa polymer mu kubika no gukwirakwiza
Ishingiro ry’ubucuruzi rigera mu ruhererekane rw’agaciro rwa propylene. Mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara—ubusanzwe mu byuma cyangwa mu duce dufite umuvuduko—propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer ikomeza kwanduzwa n’ubushuhe buturuka ku bidukikije, kuva mu bikoresho by’ibyuma, hifashishijwe hydrocarbons, na ogisijeni. Ndetse n’ubwandu bushobora kugaragara aho ikoreshwa binyuze muri gaze chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS cyangwa GC-ICP-MS), akenshi bigatera kwangwa kw’ibice cyangwa gusukurwa neza.
Amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda (urugero, ASTM D5273) ategeka ko habaho isesengura ry’umwanda mu buryo bwuzuye mu bice byose bikomeye byo kohereza ubwishingizi bw’imyanda. Ingamba z’imikorere zikoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo gucunga ingero, chromatography ya gaze kuri interineti, n’ikoranabuhanga rihoraho ryo gupima ubucucike bw’imyanda kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Urugero, gupima ubucucike bw’amazi ya propylene ni ingenzi atari mu kohereza ubwishingizi bw’imyanda gusa ahubwo no mu buryo butaziguye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge: gutandukana mu bucucike bw’amazi buteganijwe bishobora kugaragaza ko umwanda winjira cyangwa ihinduka ry’ibice. Ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’imyanda, nk’ibya Lonnmeter, bitanga igenzura ry’ubucucike bw’amazi ya propylene mu gihe cyo kohereza no kubika.
Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza isano iri hagati yo kuba propylene ikora neza, igihe ikora neza, ndetse n'amahirwe yo kuzimya umuriro mu buryo butunguranye:
Kongera ubuziranenge bwa propylene bitera kwaguka cyane k'uburebure bw'imikorere ya catalyst no kugabanuka k'inshuro z'imigendekere y'ibikorwa (amakuru yahinduwe aturutse ku bushakashatsi buherutse gusuzumwa n'urungano).
Gufata neza no kubika propylene y'amazi—kugira ngo ubwinshi bw'amazi bukomeze kuba bwinshi kandi nta busembwa bukabije—bityo bigashimangira ubwiza bw'ibikomoka ku bimera, ibisabwa n'abakiriya, ndetse n'inyungu rusange z'ubucuruzi. Gugenzura neza igihe cyo kubika no gukwirakwiza, bishingiye ku buryo nyabwo bwo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi no gupima umwanda mu buryo bugezweho, birinda ubusugire bw'ibicuruzwa mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni iyihe nzira yo gusukura propylene kugira ngo yuzuze ibipimo bya polymer?
Propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer igomba kurenza 99.5% by'ubuziranenge, hamwe n'ingano nto cyane ya propane n'ibindi bihumanya. Mu mateka, gusya ibice bikoresha ingufu nyinshi byabaye inkingi yo gusukura, bitandukanya propylene n'ibinyabutabire bisa nka propane. Bitewe n'aho amazi abira ahurirana, iyi gahunda ihura n'imbogamizi zo mu bushyuhe n'ikiguzi kinini cy'imikorere.
Iterambere riherutse gutera imbere rishyira imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyungurura no gukoresha membrane kugira ngo habeho kongera ubushobozi bwo guhitamo no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Ibikoresho byo kuyungurura nka Cu-MOF-74 bikoresha ingano y'imyobo ifunguye n'ahantu hafunguye ibyuma kugira ngo bifate imyanda mu buryo bwihariye—cyane cyane propane na trace alkanes—bituma habaho gusukura intambwe imwe. Ingufu z'ubu buryo zishingiye ku kugenzura neza ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Inyigo za laboratwari n'iz'igerageza zemeza ko ibi bikoresho byo kuyungurura bishobora kuvugururwa inshuro nyinshi nta gihombo kigaragara ku mikorere, bigafasha inganda kwaguka. Inyubako zo kuyungurura zikozwe neza ubu nazo zikuraho imyanda myinshi irimo sulfure na alkynes, bihuye n'ibisabwa na catalyst ya polymerization.
Gutandukanya hakoreshejwe uturemangingo bitanga ubundi buryo, hamwe n’uburyo bugezweho bwa organosilica butuma habaho guhitamo neza no kudahinduka cyane. Uburyo bwa Membrane butandukanya propylene bukoresha itandukaniro rito mu bunini bwa molekile n’imiterere y’ubwinjirire, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane iyo hakenewe ubuziranenge buhanitse cyane.
Kuki ubwiza bw'ibiryo by'ibiryo ari ingenzi mu gukora polypropylene?
Kugera ku buziranenge buhanitse mu biryo by’ibiryo ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora polypropylene. Katalisiti zikoreshwa mu gupolima zibangamirwa n’imyanda nka sulfur, ibyuma, ogisijeni, n’ibindi binyabutabire bya hydrocarbon. Ndetse n’ibintu bihumanya bishobora kwangiza ahantu hakora katalisiti, bigatuma ibikorwa bigabanuka, umusaruro wiyongera, kandi bikagabanya igihe cy’ubuzima bwa katalisiti. Ibiryo by’ibiryo by’ibiryo by’ibiryo bisukuye bitanga umusaruro mwiza, imiterere ya polymer ihamye, kandi umusaruro uhoraho. Amabwiriza agenga kandi ategeka ko isuku itagira aho igarukira kugira ngo irinde umutekano w’ibikorwa n’ubwiza bwa polymer, bigatuma gusukura no kugenzura neza ibiribwa by’ibiryo ari ngombwa.
Ni gute ububiko n'uburyo bwo gucunga propylene bikwiye gucungwa neza mu mutekano?
Propylene ibikwa mu bigega bifite umuvuduko cyangwa firigo byagenewe imyuka ishobora gushya. Ibi bigega bigomba gushyirwaho uturindantoki two kugabanya umuvuduko, kugenzura ubushyuhe, n'uburyo bwo gutahura no gucunga amazi ava. Ahantu ho kubika hakenera umwuka uhagije wo guhumeka no gukuraho cyane amasoko y'umuriro. Igenzura rya buri gihe no kubungabunga bigabanya ibyago byo kuva no kwangirika. Guhugura abakora ibijyanye no gucunga no kohereza propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer, harimo no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda, birengera umutekano w'abakozi n'ibikoresho by'inganda. Buri gihe kurikiza amategeko agenga ububiko bw'ibikoresho biteza akaga.
Ni iki kigena ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi, kandi kuki ari ingenzi?
Ubucucike bwa propylene y'amazi bushingiye ahanini ku bushyuhe n'umuvuduko. Uko ibintu bitandukanye bigenda bihinduka, ni nako ubucucike bupimwe bugenda buhinduka—ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bunini bw'ikigega, kubara ingano y'ibicuruzwa, kohereza ububiko, no gukora inyigo. Amakosa mato mu gupima ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa bya propylene y'amazi ashobora gutera itandukaniro rikomeye mu bubiko cyangwa mu kugenzura ubwinshi bw'amazi, bigashimangira ko hakenewe igenzura ryimbitse kandi rihoraho mu gihe cyo gukora no kubika.
Ni gute upima ubucucike bw'amazi nka propylene?
Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo gupima ubucucike bw'ibinyabutabire, harimo na propylene, ni densitometero ya U-tube izunguruka. Iki gikoresho kizunguruka umuyoboro wuzuyemo amazi y'icyitegererezo kandi kigapima impinduka mu mihindagurikire y'ubucucike, bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubucucike. Gupima neza no kugenzura neza ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko birakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ari ingirakamaro. Ubundi buryo burimo hydrometers na pycnometers zikoreshwa n'intoki, ariko izi zikwiriye gukoreshwa aho ibisabwa mu gutanga umusaruro cyangwa ubushishozi bidakomeye. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ikoranabuhanga, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo bigenzurwe mu buryo nyabwo kandi bigenzurwe. Gutegura icyitegererezo—kugira ngo hamenyekane ko cyakuwemo imyuka kandi kiri ku bushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo—byongera ubuziranenge bwo gupima.
Ni izihe ngaruka n'uburyo bwo kwirinda bukenewe mu gihe ukoresha propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer?
Polerini yo mu rwego rwa polymer irashya cyane. Gutwika bishobora guterwa n'imyanda idahinduka, umuriro ufunguye, cyangwa n'ahantu hashyushye. Gufata bisaba kubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibikoresho byo kwirinda, uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu mu buryo buhamye, no gukuraho burundu amasoko y'umuriro. Ibikorwa byo kubika no kwimura bigomba gukorerwa ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza. Uburyo bwo gutahura imyanda n'amabwiriza yo gutanga integuza ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane hakiri kare impanuka. Imiyoboro yose n'ibigega bigomba gusuzumwa buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ikibazo cyangwa ingese. Uburyo bwihutirwa bwo gusohora cyangwa gusohora amazi, harimo no gufunga no gusohora amazi, bugomba kwandikwa neza kandi bugacukurwa.
Kuki propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer ikundwa mu miyoboro imwe n'imwe ikorwamo imiti?
Ubuziranenge bwa propylene yo mu rwego rwa polymer butanga inyungu zidasanzwe mu nganda zisanzwe. Ubuziranenge bwinshi bwongera ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, bugabanya ikorwa ry'ibikomoka ku bimera bidakenewe, kandi bugashyigikira umusaruro wa polymer uhoraho kandi mwiza. Kubera ko catalysts zigezweho zishobora kwanduzwa, propylene yonyine idahumanye ni yo ituma habaho imikorere yizewe kandi ikubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye y'ibicuruzwa asabwa mu bikorwa by'ingenzi nko gupakira ibiryo n'ibice by'imodoka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 18-2025
