Gutera amazi mu buryo bwa "Produced water reinfusion" (PWRI) ni uburyo bwo gukusanya amazi aturuka mu musaruro wa peteroli na gaze hanyuma akayasubiza mu miterere y’ubutaka. Ubu buryo bugira uruhare runini mu mibereho y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, bukaba bukora nk'ingamba zo kujugunya peteroli mu buryo bwizewe ndetse n'igikoresho cyo kongera kugarura hydrocarbon. PWRI ni inkingi y'ubuhanga bwo kongera kugarura peteroli kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga umuvuduko w'amazi mu kigega—ibipimo by'ingenzi mu gukomeza umusaruro no kongera igihe cyo kubaho k'ubutaka.
PWRI ifitanye isano rikomeye no kwimura peteroli no gucunga ikigega. Uko peteroli ivanwa, umuvuduko w’amazi karemano ugabanuka. Gusubiza amazi akorwa birwanya iki gihombo, bigakomeza umuvuduko wo gukora no kunoza imikorere myiza yo gukurura. Uku kubungabunga umuvuduko ni ingenzi mu kugarura amavuta asigaye, aho amazi aterwa ajyana amavuta asigaye mu mariba yo gukora. Ubuhanga nko kuzura polymer - hakoreshejwe polymers kugira ngo wongere ubukana bw’amazi - birushaho kunoza kwimura peteroli no kwerekana imicungire y’amazi igezweho mu mirima ikuze.
Amazi akomoka mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze
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Igipimo cy'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo n'igihe nyacyo kugira ngo PWRI irusheho gukora neza
Akamaro ko gupima ubucucike bw'umubiri mu murongo
Gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu murongo ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo amazi yongera guterwa (PWRI) mu bikorwa bya none byo mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli. Mu gutuma habaho igenzura ryihuse ry'ubucucike bw'amazi akorwa, abakora bashobora kubona vuba itandukaniro mu miterere y'amazi, nko guhinduka kw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, gazi, cyangwa ibintu bikomeye. Uku kumenya vuba ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'amazi kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byo kongera guterwa no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imiterere y'amazi, kwangirika, cyangwa gufunga.
Amakuru atangwa mu gihe nyacyo aturuka ku gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu musaruro w'amavuta yemerera abakora akazi guhindura uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi akozwe kugira ngo asubizwe mu gihe agurutse. Ibi bigabanya igihe cyo gusubiza amazi aturutse ku ihinduka ry'ubwiza bw'amazi, birinda igihe cyo kuruhuka kitateganijwe no kuyabungabunga bihenze. Byongeye kandi, imiterere nyayo y'ubucucike ihamya ko amazi atewe agumana igitutu cyifuzwa, ibi bikaba ari byo bishingira ku buryo bwo kongera gukoresha amavuta nk'amazi akoreshwa mu kuzura polymer n'amazi asanzwe akoreshwa mu kuzura. Gukurikirana ubucucike buri gihe byoroshya iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, bikerekana ko amazi asubijwe mu kuzura akurikiza amahame agenga ibidukikije n'imikorere. Izi nyungu zituma habaho ingamba nziza zo kubungabunga igitutu cy'amazi, kunoza uburyo akoreshwa mu kuyongera, no kuramba k'umutungo.
Mu buryo bwo kongera gutera amazi mu buryo bwa polymer, aho imiterere y'amazi ishobora guhinduka bitewe n'uburyo polymer ikoreshwa mu gutera amazi mu buryo bwa shimi, ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi cyane. Bituma habaho imicungire ihamye y'uburyo bwo gutera amazi mu buryo bwa polymer, kunoza uburyo bwo gukuraho amavuta mu buryo bwa shimi, no kugenzura neza ingaruka z'ikorwa ry'amavuta mu buryo budakenewe. Raporo z'aho amazi aherereye zigaragaza ko habayeho kugabanuka kw'ibipimo n'ingufu mu gufunga, kunoza ireme ry'ingufu mu gutera amazi mu buryo buboneye, no guhuza neza ibikoresho byo gucunga peteroli mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, byose bigaragaza ko ibyo byagezeho biterwa n'ubushobozi buhoraho kandi bunoze bwo gupima ubucucike.
Ibikoresho bigezweho: Igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter
Igipimo cy’ubucucike cya Lonnmeter gikoresha umuyoboro utembera cyangwa amahame ya Coriolis, gitanga uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bw’amazi mu buryo bunoze mu gihe cy’ibice bito byo mu mazi. Mu gushyira mu murongo w’amazi akoreshwa, igipimo cya Lonnmeter gitanga amakuru ahoraho, adahungabanya umusaruro cyangwa ngo gisaba gupimwa n’intoki.
Igipimo cy’ubucucike cya Lonnmeter cyagenewe kuramba, kirwanya umwanda no guhindagurika kw’amazi, kigakomeza gukora neza nubwo imiterere y’imikorere ihinduka. Ikoranabuhanga ryayo rikomeye ryo gupima ubucucike bw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo, ritanga ibisubizo mu buryo buboneye kuri sisitemu zo kugenzura kugira ngo hakorwe impinduka zihuse. Uku kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo kongera gutera amazi mu buryo bwa polymer no mu gihe cy’amazi asanzwe, aho impinduka mu bucucike bw’amazi zishobora kugaragaza ko hari ibintu bidahuye n’imikorere cyangwa ibibazo by’imikorere bigiye kubaho.
Ugereranije n’isuzuma rya buri gihe ryo gufata cyangwa isesengura rya laboratwari ritari ryizewe cyane, ikipimisho cy’ubucucike cya Lonnmeter gitanga igisubizo cy’igihe kitagereranywa. Ibisubizo byacyo bihoraho bishyigikira guhuza mu buryo butaziguye na sisitemu zo kugenzura ibikorwa, bigatuma habaho ingamba zo gupima imiti mu buryo bwikora no kuyiyungurura bishingiye ku miterere nyayo y’amazi aho kuba gahunda zagenwe. Ubu bushobozi butuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza, bugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti, kandi bukarinda igihe gihenze cyo kudakora bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’imikorere ritunguranye. Urugero, niba hagaragaye ko peteroli yashyizwe mu kirere cyangwa ibintu bikomeye, ibikorwa byo kuyikosora bishobora gutangira mbere yuko habaho kuziba.
Gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi nk'igipimo cy'ubucucike cya Lonnmeter mu buryo bwo gutunganya amazi mu buryo bwo kongera kuyatera bifasha abakora guhindura neza uburyo bwo kuyatera no kwemeza ko umuvuduko w'amazi ukomeza kubungabungwa neza, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'ubushakashatsi n'isesengura ry'inganda. Amakuru y'igipimo ashobora gushyirwa muri sisitemu nini zo gucunga ibigega, byuzuzanya n'ibindi byuma bipima ubushuhe, umunyu, n'ingano y'amavuta mu mazi kugira ngo bitange ishusho yuzuye y'ubuziranenge bw'amazi. Uko ibikorwa byo kongera kugarura amavuta bigenda birushaho kugorana, ukuri, kwizerwa, n'imiterere nyayo y'igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter bitanga urufatiro rwo kongera imikorere myiza yo kugarura amazi, kubungabunga ubuzima bw'ibigega, no kwemeza ko amategeko yubahirizwa.
Gutunganya Amazi Yakozwe Kugira ngo Ashingwe: Kwemeza Ko Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko no Kurinda Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko
Gutunganya amazi akozwe kugira ngo asubizwe mu mazi ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo kugarura amavuta no gucunga neza ikigega cy’amazi. Iyi gahunda itangirira ku gutandukanya amavuta mu buryo bukomeye—gukuraho amavuta y’ubusa, ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, n’ibindi bintu byanduye binyuze mu gutandukanya imbaraga z’uburemere, hydrocyclones, n’ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amazi. Ibi bikoresho byibanda ku bintu by’ingenzi bishobora kwangiza imikorere y’aho amazi ashyirwa. Urugero, hydrocyclones zitandukanya neza ibitonyanga by’amavuta n’amazi, mu gihe sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza gazi ziterwa zikuraho ibitonyanga by’amavuta bito n’ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, bigashyigikira ubwiza bw’amazi asubijwe mu mazi.
Gutunganya imiti bikurikiza gutandukana kw'ibikoresho. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe bya Hydrocarbon n'ibyuma bishongeshejwe bigenzurwa binyuze mu kongeramo neza ibyuma bishongeshejwe, ibyuma bishongeshejwe, n'ibibuza corrosion. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe bigabanya ibyuma bishongeshejwe by'amavuta n'amazi, bikongera imikorere myiza yo kuvura. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe bigabanya imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro binyuze mu gukata cyangwa gufata iyons nka calcium na barium, bikingira imiyoboro n'ibyinjizwa by'inyongera. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe birinda gutakaza ibyuma kandi bibungabunga ibikorwa remezo, cyane cyane aho umwuka wa ogisijeni winjira cyangwa imyuka ishaje (CO₂, H₂S) iboneka. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe bigabanya imikorere ya mikorobe, ingenzi mu gukumira koroherwa no kwangirika kw'ibintu bishongeshejwe na mikorobe - ikibazo gikomeje kugaragara mu buryo bwo kongeramo amazi ya polymer n'ubundi buryo bugezweho bwo kwimura amavuta.
Uburyo bwo kuyungurura amazi bugezweho burushaho gukosora amazi yavuwe binyuze mu gufata ibintu bito binini bishobora kwangiza uburyo bwo kuyashyiramo cyangwa kuyangiza. Ikoranabuhanga nka filters za walnut shell, serial nutshell, na membrane filtration systems zikoreshwa hashingiwe ku miterere y'amazi yakozwe, ibisabwa ku gitutu, n'ubwiza bw'amazi. Nanofiltration na ultrafiltration birushaho gukoreshwa mu kubahiriza amategeko akomeye, cyane cyane aho hateganyijwe kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa kongera gushyirwa mu miterere y'amazi.
Ubwiza bw'amazi akorwa kugira ngo yongere akoreshwe mu mazi bugomba kubahiriza neza ibipimo by'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, bagiteri, ingano y'amavuta, n'imiterere ya iyoni. Ibintu bikomeye cyangwa amavuta menshi bishobora kuziba imyenge y'amazi, bigabanye kwinjira no gushongeshwa. Sulfate, barium, cyangwa strontium nyinshi bishobora gutera ubwiyongere bw'amazi, kandi gukura kwa mikorobe bidagenzuwe bitera hydrogen sulfide na corruption. Gupima ubucucike bw'amazi yo mu bikomoka kuri peteroli mu gihe nyacyo, hakoreshejwe gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu ikorwa ry'amavuta, bifasha abakora mu kugenzura imiterere y'amazi no kumenya ibitagenda neza bigaragaza ko hari ibintu byanduye cyangwa byanduye. Gukoresha icyuma gipima ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter bituma habaho gukurikirana ubucucike bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo mu byiciro byose byo kuyatunganya no kuyatera, kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura no kubahiriza imbogamizi z'imikorere.
Ibisabwa mu mategeko agenga amazi akoreshwa mu kongera kuyashyira mu mazi birimo gukomera cyane. Inzego za leta n’iza leta za Amerika zitegeka ko amazi ashyirwa mu mazi ashyirwa mu butaka bwemewe kandi zigashyiraho imipaka yihariye ku bikomoka kuri peteroli, ibintu bikomeye, n’udukoko kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw’amazi, kwanduza amazi yo mu butaka, n’imitingito iterwa n’amazi. Inzego zigezweho zo kubahiriza amategeko zisaba ko habaho isuzuma ry’amazi rihoraho no gukorera mu mucyo. Abakoresha bagomba kumenyera amahame ahora ahinduka, bashyiramo uburyo bwo kuyatandukanya, kuyakoresha mu buryo bufatika, no kuyayungurura kugira ngo bakomeze guhuza neza no kuyakoresha mu gihe bagenzura ibiciro.
Gutera amazi mu mazi akozwe ni inkingi y'ingamba zo kubungabunga umuvuduko urambye no gucunga ibigega bya peteroli. Mu kongera gukoresha amazi yatunganyijwe, abayakoresha bagabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi meza kandi bakagabanya ingano y'amazi ajugunywa ku butaka, bashyigikira ikoreshwa ry'umutungo kamere n'ibidukikije birambye. Gutera amazi mu mazi atunganyijwe neza bishyigikira intego z'ibidukikije mu gihe binoza uburyo bwo kugarura peteroli no kuyikoresha neza. Izi ngamba zitanga inyungu zifatika zo kutera amazi mu mazi akozwe: zirinda ko ibigega bikomeza kugarura peteroli, zigabanya gukenera ko amazi ajugunywa ku butaka, kandi zigatuma ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kuzura polymer rigera ku musaruro mwiza wo kwimura peteroli.
Ibikoresho nk'ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi akoreshwa mu kongera amazi, harimo no gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter, bitanga ubumenyi bufatika ku bijyanye no gutanga amazi mu buryo bwihariye. Gushyira amakuru muri SCADA cyangwa gucunga inzira bifasha mu buryo bwihuse no gukemura ibibazo neza. Ubu buryo bugizwe n'ibice bitandukanye—uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, imiti, no kuyungurura hamwe no gukurikirana ubucucike bw'amazi buri gihe—butuma habaho kubahiriza amategeko n'imikorere yizewe, bigatuma kongera amazi akoreshwa mu kongera amazi kuzuza ibisabwa ku butaka bwa peteroli n'ibidukikije.
Ingamba zo kongera kugarura amavuta hakoreshejwe kongera gukoresha amazi
Uburyo bwo Gusimbuza Amavuta
Gutera amazi mu musaruro ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kongera ingufu mu kugarura amavuta (EOR) bugamije kongera ingufu mu gucukura hydrocarbon binyuze mu gukomeza umuvuduko w'ikigega no gukurura amavuta asigaye. Iyo amazi ashyizwe mu gice gifite amavuta, yimura amavuta afatiwe mu rutare rufite imyenge, agasunika hydrocarbons yerekeza mu byobo bikorerwamo. Uburyo bubiri bunini bwo kwimura ni nk'ubusa na piston (aho amazi asunika imbere) n'ubukana bw'ibinure (aho amazi asunika arenga amavuta bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ubutare bwo kwinjira). Mu bigega nyabyo, itandukaniro rituma habaho kwimura ibintu bidahuje, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gusukura buba ikintu cy'ingenzi.
Gukoresha neza amazi mu gukaraba neza bigena ingano y'ikigega cy'amazi aterwa n'amazi. Mu buryo butandukanye, imirongo idashobora kwinjira cyane ifata peteroli, mu gihe inzira zidashobora kwinjira cyane zishobora gutuma amazi atangira kuzamuka imburagihe. Kunoza imiterere yo gushyiramo amazi mu mazi mu buryo bw'ingamba—nk'uburyo bwo gukoresha imirongo isimburana y'imashini zitera amazi n'imashini zikora cyangwa kugenzura igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ry'amazi mu gukaraba—binoza imiterere y'amazi kandi byongera ingano y'amavuta atwarwa. Inyigo za laboratwari n'iz'ubutaka zemeza ko imikorere myiza yo gukaraba amazi binyuze mu gucunga neza amazi bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ibintu byinshi byo kugarura amazi, rimwe na rimwe byongera ubwiyongere bw'amazi agaruka ku kigero cya 8-15% ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuzura amazi. Ibi bigaragaza ko kongera gukoresha amazi mu gukaraba nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kunoza uburyo bwo gukuramo peteroli no kugarura amazi yose.
Guteramo inshinge zo mu mazi zikoresha polymer
Gutera amazi mu mazi hakoreshejwe polymer bihuza gutera amazi mu mazi hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya polymer bikunda gushonga, akenshi poliacrylamides, kugira ngo byongere ubukana bw’amazi mu mazi. Mu kongera ubukana bw’amazi, haboneka uburyo bwiza bwo kugenda (M < 1), bigabanye uburyo amavuta anyuramo kandi bikongera uburyo amavuta agenda asa n’aho ari mu mazi akoreshwa. Gutera polymer slugs neza ni ngombwa; gukoresha polymers nyinshi bishobora kwangiza imiterere yayo, mu gihe gukoresha polymers nkeya bitanga umusaruro muke.
Gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu buryo bw'umurongo no gukurikirana mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter density meter biha abakoresha uburyo bwo kubona neza imiterere y'amazi yatewe. Amakuru y'ubucucike bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo n'ubucucike bwemeza ko polymer ikomeza kuba nziza mu gihe cyose cyo kuyitera, birinda imikorere myiza ndetse n'umutekano mu mikorere. Ibi bitekerezo by'igihe nyacyo bigabanya ibyago byo kuziba no kunoza inzira y'imyuzure, bityo bikanongera uburyo bwo gukora EOR. Ku bigega by'amazi byakuze n'imiterere ikomeye, aho kugenda kwa peteroli kugabanywa kandi amazi asanzwe yuzuye adahagije, polymer yuzuye yongera cyane imikorere myiza yo gusukura no kugarura amazi muri rusange, akenshi yongeraho andi mavuta 5-20% y'amavuta y'umwimerere mu gihe cyo kuyitera amazi.
Ingamba zigezweho zo gutera inshinge
Ingamba zigezweho zo gutera amazi zihuza uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha amazi mu gutera amazi hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gucunga umuvuduko w’amazi no kugenzura imiterere y’amazi. Gutunganya umuvuduko w’amazi bituma peteroli ikomeza kugenda kandi bikarinda amazi cyangwa gaze guhindagurika hakiri kare. Guhindura umuvuduko w’amazi n’ingano ye bituma abakoresha babasha kwibanda ku duce twihariye tw’ibigega, gucunga uburyo bihuzwa n’amazi no kugabanya imiyoboro y’amazi.
Ibintu bigenzura imiterere y’amazi—nk’amajeli, ifuro, n’uduce duto—bishyirwa mu buryo bwo kuziba inzira zituma amazi yinjira cyane. Ibi bituma amazi anyura mu duce duto kandi tudahumeka cyane, bigakoresha ingano y’amavuta idahumeka neza. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga birimo gutera imiterere y’amazi mu gace runaka, gufunga amazi, no guhinduranya imbaraga z’amazi kugira ngo byongere buhoro buhoro ubwinshi bw’amazi (Ev). Kongera umuvuduko w’amazi hakoreshejwe ubu buryo bituma amazi asubira mu duce twarenze kandi duto twaguma tutabonetse mu gihe amazi yari asanzwe anyura mu mazi. Ibimenyetso bitangwa n’abapilote banini berekana ko, hamwe, ubu buryo bugezweho bushobora kongera umusaruro w’amavuta no kunoza ibintu bigarura amazi binyuze mu gufata ahantu hari amazi atarameneka mbere.
Gukurikirana ubucucike mu buryo buhoraho kandi mu buryo bwihuse hakoreshejwe ibikoresho biri ku murongo nka Lonnmeter density meter bishyigikira izi ngamba. Mu gukurikirana imiterere y'amazi yakozwe mbere na nyuma yo kuyatunganya cyangwa kuyahindura, abayakoresha bashobora kumenya vuba uko amazi agenda imbere, ibintu byagenze neza, n'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imiterere y'amazi, bigatuma habaho impinduka zikorwa hifashishijwe amakuru.
Hasi aha hari ishusho yoroshye igaragaza ingaruka zo gukoresha amazi neza hamwe n'ingamba zigezweho za EOR mu kugarura amavuta:
| Ingamba zo Gutera Inkoko | Ingaruka Zisanzwe zo Kwiyongera kw'Ibibazo byo Kugarura Ubuvuzi |
|------------------------------------|- ...
| Amazi asanzwe | 10–30% (bya OOIP) |
| Gutera amazi mu buryo bwo kongera kuyatera | +8–15% (inyongera) |
| Imyuzure ya polymer | +5–20% (iyongera, ikuze/ikomeye) |
| Kugenzura umuvuduko/Umubare | +3–10% (byiyongereyeho, hibandwa ku gace) |
Kongera uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza peteroli, guhuza uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi akoreshwa kugira ngo asubirwemo, gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzura amazi hakoreshejwe polymer, no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo, bituma abakoresha bashobora kongera ubushobozi bwa hydrocarbon buri kigega.
Gukomeza gushyiramo ingufu no kwemeza ko ikigega gikomeza gukora
Amahame yo kubungabunga umuvuduko w'impinduka
Kubungabunga umuvuduko w’ivuriro ni ingenzi mu gucunga neza ikigega cy’amavuta. Gukomeza umuvuduko w’ikigega hafi yacyo ni ingenzi mu gutuma amavuta asohoka neza kandi bigatuma umutungo ucukurwa igihe kirekire. Iyo umuvuduko ugabanutse munsi y’umurongo umwe, nk’aho ushyirwa mu kirere, ingufu z’ikigega zirashira. Ibi akenshi bituma umusaruro w’amavuta ugabanuka cyane kandi bikihutisha gufungana kw’ikigega, ibyo bigatuma umwanya w’imyenge n’ingufu bigabanuka.
Gusubiza amazi yakozwe mu mazi, bizwi nka produced water re-injection (PWRI), ni bumwe mu buryo bworoshye bwo kongera ingufu mu kugarura amavuta bukoreshwa mu kubungabunga umuvuduko w’ingufu. PWRI iringaniza umuvuduko w’ingufu n’umusaruro, ishyigikira imiterere y’ikigega gihamye kandi ikongera igihe cy’ubuzima bw’umutungo. Uburinganire bukwiye hagati y’ingano y’amazi yakoreshejwe n’ayakozwe burinda imbaraga z’imitsi n’ingufu zikenewe kugira ngo habeho urujya n’uruza rw’amazi ya hydrocarbon, bityo byongera imbaraga zo kugarura amazi zirenze kure ibyo bishoboka mu kugabanuka kw’amazi mu buryo busanzwe gusa. Amakuru y’ibanze agaragaza ko gahunda zo kubungabunga umuvuduko zikora ziyongeraho 10-25% ugereranije n’umusaruro w’ibanze, mu gihe bigabanya cyane ibyago byo guhungabana kw’amazi nko kugabanuka cyangwa gutakaza ubuziranenge bw’amazi.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bushingiye ku gupima ibintu bugaragaza ko intsinzi ya PWRI n'uburyo nk'ubwo bwo kwimura amavuta bushingiye cyane ku guhitamo neza imiterere y'inshinge, gushyira mu mwobo, no kugenzura mu buryo nyabwo. Ibigega aho igitutu cyakomeje kugabanuka ku kigero cya 90% cyangwa kirenga imiterere y'ibanze bigaragaza ko amazi adahagije kandi ko bigumana imiterere y'amazi akenewe kugira ngo umusaruro ukomeze gukorwa.
Gukurikirana, Kwikora, no Gukemura Ibibazo
Gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo amazi akoreshwe neza. Gupima ubucucike mu buryo bugaragara no mu gihe nyacyo, cyane cyane hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter density metres, bitanga amakuru ahoraho ku miterere y'amazi yatewe. Uku kugenzura inzira bihinduranya ibintu vuba, nk'igipimo cyangwa ubwiza, bihuye n'impinduka mu kigega.
Gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu musaruro wa peteroli ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo amazi akorwa ashobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibintu bikomeye byakozwe, ingano, uburyo bwo kongera gutera amazi mu mazi, cyangwa impinduka mu munyu w'amazi mu gihe cyo kongera kuyagarura. Izi mpinduka zigira ingaruka ku buryo amazi ashyirwa mu mazi, ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imiterere yayo, ndetse n'ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire bw'ikigega. Ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter bitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura neza ubucucike bw'amazi akorwa mu buryo nyabwo. Ubu bushobozi butuma abakoresha bashobora kumenya ibintu bitameze neza—nk'impinduka zitunguranye z'ubucucike zigaragaza ko ibinyabutabire byagiye bihinduka cyangwa ko ibintu bikomeye byagiye bihinduka—no gukora impinduka zihuse ku buryo bwo kuyatera.
Gukemura ibibazo ni igice cy'ingenzi mu ngamba zo kubungabunga umuvuduko w'amazi mu kigega. Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gutera amazi mu kigega, akenshi biterwa no kuziba bitewe n'uduce duto cyangwa gukura kwa biyoloji, gupima, cyangwa impinduka mu buryo bwo kugarura amavuta, bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo kugarura amavuta. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo amazi ahuzwe harimo n'ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo bifasha kumenya ibi bibazo hakiri kare. Urugero, kwiyongera gukabije k'ubucucike cyangwa ubucucike bishobora kwerekana ko amazi yinjiye cyangwa agakora emulsion ku mwobo w'amazi. Kumenya hakiri kare bitera ingamba zigamije—nk'uburyo bwo guhindura uburyo amazi asukurwa, kubungabunga filter, cyangwa gusubira inyuma kw'amazi—birinda kwangirika kw'amazi no kugabanya igihe cyo kubura amazi.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi akoreshwa mu kongera kuyashyira mu kigega, cyane cyane hakoreshejwe uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura, bukemura ibibazo bitaziguye ku buryo amazi akomeza kugenda neza. Gukurikirana neza bifasha mu gukemura ibibazo nko kunyura mu mazi cyangwa impinduka mu kwimuka kw'amazi bitewe n'uburyo bwo kongera kuyashyira mu kigega hakoreshejwe polymer. Gutandukana guhoraho n'ubwinshi bw'amazi biteganijwe bigaragaza ko amazi yagabanutse nabi cyangwa ko ikigega kitabona neza, bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse ku gipimo cya polymer, imiterere y'inshinge, cyangwa imiterere y'amazi.
Guhuza neza ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike n'ibikorwa byo mu murima bitanga serivisi nziza yo kubungabunga umuvuduko w'amazi, gucunga neza ikigega cy'amavuta, kandi bifasha mu kugarura umusaruro mu buryo bwizewe, butekanye kandi burambye mu bukungu. Guhuza hagati yo gukurikirana, gukemura ibibazo, no kugenzura mu buryo bwikora bigira uruhare mu gutuma ikoranabuhanga ryose rigezweho ryo kuzura kw'amazi ya polymer rigerwaho ndetse n'ingamba zo kongera gukoresha peteroli mu kirere.
Guhuza PWRI na EOR kugira ngo ubone agaciro ntarengwa
Gutegura gahunda yo kongera gukoresha amazi mu gutera inshinge mu buryo buhuriweho na EOR
Gutanga agaciro ko kongera agaciro k’amazi akoreshwa mu gutera (PWRI) no kongera kugarura amavuta (EOR) bisaba igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi, gupima ubucucike bw’amazi, n’uburyo bugezweho bwo kuyahindura. Gahunda ihuriweho neza ihuza uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi akoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse, uburyo bwiza bwo kuyatunganya kugira ngo amazi akoreshwe mu kongera kuyatera, no gukoresha uburyo bwo kongera kugarura amavuta bujyanye n’ibigega by’amazi.
Ishingiro ry'iyi gahunda ritangirira ku micungire y'amazi yakozwe. Amazi yakozwe yakusanyijwe mu gihe cyo gukora peteroli agomba gusukurwa kugira ngo yuzuze amahame yihariye y'ikigega n'amabwiriza mbere yo kongera kuyakoresha. Intambwe zo kuyatunganya zitoranywa hashingiwe ku bwiza bw'amazi yakozwe, bushobora gutandukana cyane. Ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi, nka Lonnmeter density meters, bitanga igenzura rihoraho ry'ubucucike bw'amazi yasukuwe, bigatanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku bwiza bw'amazi. Ibi bipimo by'igihe nyacyo birinda kongera kuyakoresha mu buryo bunyuranye, bigabanya ibyago byo kuziba cyangwa kwangirika kw'ikigega.
Mu gihe cyo kongera gutera amazi mu gipimo cyo kongera gutera amazi mu gipimo cyo kongera gutera amazi mu gipimo cyo hasi, ni ingenzi cyane. Amazi akorwa aterwa mu gipimo cyo hasi kugira ngo afashe umuvuduko w’ikigega, adindize kugabanuka no kongera kwimuka kw’amavuta. Gukurikirana neza ubucucike bw’amazi akorwa bituma amazi asubiramo ahura n’imiterere y’amazi akoreshwa mu kigega, binoza imikorere myiza yo gukurura amazi no gukumira ko amazi ashyirwa mu gipimo cyo hejuru bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’ubucucike. Ku bijyanye n’ubuhanga nko kongera gutera amazi mu gipimo cyo hasi mu gipimo cyo hasi, gukurikirana ubucucike n’ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo bihindura inzira kugira ngo bihuze n’uburyo ikigega gisubiza amazi mu gipimo cyo hasi kandi binoze imikorere ya EOR muri rusange.
Guhuza ingamba za EOR nko kuzura amazi hakoreshejwe polymer cyangwa gutera amazi ashyushye bihuza uburyo bwo kubungabunga umuvuduko w'amazi no guhindura imiterere y'ibinyabutabire mu kigega. Urugero, gutera amazi ashyushye hakoreshejwe carbonate bihindura imiterere y'amazi n'imikoranire y'amabuye n'amazi, bigatuma habaho kwimuka kw'amavuta no gukurura CO₂. Guhuza ubu buryo n'imicungire y'amazi akorwa biterwa n'uburyo amakuru akoreshwa hashingiwe ku mibare irambuye y'ikigega, harimo mineralogy, guhuza amazi n'isesengura ry'imikoreshereze y'amazi.
Mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bw'umutungo—kuva ku ikoreshwa ry'amazi ryakozwe bwa mbere, binyuze mu kugenzura imikorere y'aho amazi ashyirwa, no kugeza ku ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho—ibipimo by'ubucucike n'ubucucike mu buryo buri ku murongo (nk'ibyavuye muri Lonnmeter) ni ingenzi. Bitanga amakuru y'ingenzi ku bakoresha n'abahanga, bishyigikira imicungire y'imikorere ya gahunda yo kongera gukoresha ingufu mu mikorere ya EOR. Gukurikirana mu buryo bufatika bituma habaho igisubizo cyihuse ku ihindagurika ry'imikorere kandi bigafasha gukomeza gukora neza, ari na byo bituma habaho kugaruka kw'amazi mu kigega no kugenzura ikiguzi.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere (KPIs) n'iterambere rihoraho
Gupima imikorere ya gahunda ya PWRI-EOR ihuriweho biterwa n'ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere (KPIs) byatoranijwe neza. Ku bijyanye no kongera gukoresha amazi mu gutera, ubwiza bw'inyongera bugenzurwa hakoreshejwe gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo, kugira ngo amazi yuzuze ibisabwa ku birebana n'umunyu, ingano y'ibintu bikomeye, n'ubucucike. Urugero, ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter bitanga icyizere gihoraho cy'uko amazi yujuje ibisabwa ari yo yonyine yinjira mu kigega, bigabanya ibyago byo kugabanuka no kwangirika kw'ingufu.
Uburyo bwo gukaraba neza bugaragaza uburyo amazi yatewe yinjizwa mu mazi ajyana amavuta mu byobo by’umusaruro. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku miterere y’amazi yatewe mu mazi—akurikiranwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gupima—n’ubusumbane bw’ikigega. Igitutu cyo gukaraba ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi cya KPI; kugenzura igitutu gihoraho byemeza ko ingamba zo kongera gukaraba ari ukubungabunga cyangwa kugarura igitutu cy’ikigega, gusubika iterambere ry’amazi no kubungabunga igipimo cy’umusaruro.
Igihe cyo gukora kwa sisitemu, igihe cyo gukurikirana igihe cyo gutera amazi mu buryo butaziguye n'imikorere ya EOR, ni byo bishyigikira ubukungu bw'umushinga muri rusange. Ihungabana cyangwa ibitagenda neza, nko kugabanuka k'ubwiza bw'amazi cyangwa kugabanuka k'umuvuduko ku buryo butunguranye, bimenyekana vuba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura buhuriweho.
Ibikorwa byo kunoza ibidukikije bishingiye ku makuru bihuza izi KPI kugira ngo bishyigikire uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere. Injeniyeri zihora zisesengura imiterere y’amakuru y’ubucucike, igitutu cyo gutera, n’ibipimo by’ubuhanga bwo gupima kugira ngo zihindure ibipimo byo kuvura, ingano ya polymer, cyangwa igipimo cyo gutera—bigashyira mu bikorwa iterambere ryiyongera rijyanye n’imiterere y’ikigega n’imikorere. Ku nzego zikuze, ubu buryo bwo gusubiramo amavuta butuma habaho kugaruka kw’amavuta mu buryo buhoraho kandi bukanagura igihe cyo kubaho k’umutungo, nk’uko byagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi bw’inganda aho Sisitemu zo Gushyigikira Ibyemezo n’igenzura rihoraho byagabanyije cyane ikoreshwa ry’amazi no kongera umusaruro.
Hamwe n'amakuru akomeye y'ubucucike bw'amazi n'ubucucike, abakoresha bashobora guhuza imikorere ya sisitemu n'ibipimo byo gutera mu gihe nyacyo. Iyo KPI nka sweep efficiency igabanutse, impamvu nyamukuru—yaba ireme ry'amazi, ubucucike budahuye, cyangwa kwangirika kwa mekanike—ishobora kuboneka vuba, bigafasha mu bikorwa byihuse.
Ibikorwa bya PWRI-EOR bihujwe bikoresha uburyo bwo gupima mu gihe nyacyo, gukurikirana KPI mu buryo buhoraho, no gucunga neza uburyo bwo kuvugurura peteroli kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kuyigarura, uburyo bwizewe bwo kuyitunganya, no kubahiriza amategeko. Ubu buryo bwo gukora butuma amazi akorwa ava mu muyoboro w'imyanda akagirwa isoko ry'ingenzi ryo kubungabunga umuvuduko w'ikigega no kuyigarura buhoro buhoro, bishyigikiwe n'ikoranabuhanga nka Lonnmeter density meters kugira ngo hongerwe peteroli mu buryo bwiza.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Igipimo cy’ubucucike bw’amazi mu murongo ni iki, kandi kuki ari ingenzi mu kongera gutera amazi mu buryo bwakozwe (PWRI)?
Gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu murongo ni ugukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo ubucucike bw'amazi mu buryo butaziguye mu murongo w'ibikorwa, bigakuraho ko hakenewe gupimwa n'intoki. Mu rwego rwo kongera gutera amazi mu buryo bwakozwe (PWRI), itanga amakuru yihuse ku bucucike bw'amazi cyangwa polymer bisubirwamo mu kigega. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ko imiterere y'amazi asubiwemo iguma mu buryo bukwiye, birinda kuziba imiterere y'ibigega, birinda ubusugire bw'ibigega, kandi bigaha agaciro iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Urugero, impinduka zitunguranye mu bucucike zishobora kugaragaza ko peteroli, gazi, cyangwa ibintu bikomeye byinjira, bigatuma ababikora bashobora kwihutira kubyinjiramo no gukumira kwangirika kw'ibikoresho cyangwa imiterere y'ibigega. Ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ubucucike buri gihe bufasha ibikorwa byiza, by'umutekano, kandi bishobora gukurikiranwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere no kongera umusaruro w'ibigega bya peteroli.
Ni gute kongera gukoresha amazi mu gutera umuti bifasha ingamba zo kongera kugarura amavuta (EOR)?
Gutera amazi mu mazi bigizwe n'umusaruro w'ingenzi mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha peteroli. Mu kongera gukoresha amazi yavuwe, abayakoresha bakomeza gushyiramo ingufu mu kigega, ari na byo by'ingenzi mu kwimura peteroli no kuyijyana mu mariba yo kuyitunganya. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi haba mu mazi asanzwe akoreshwa mu byuzi ndetse no mu buryo bugezweho bwo gutera amazi mu byuzi bya pomeroli. Iyo hatewe imiti ya pomeroli, kugenzura ubucucike bw'amazi bituma polimeri ikomeza gukoreshwa neza, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza no kwimura peteroli. Ingaruka ni uko umubare munini w'amazi akoreshwa mu mirima isanzwe uzamuka kandi bikarushaho kunozwa mu buryo burambye binyuze mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi meza no gucunga neza amazi akoreshwa.
Ni izihe mbogamizi zikomeye zo gusukura amazi akozwe mu buryo bwo kongera kuyakoresha mu kuyashyiramo?
Imbogamizi z'ingenzi mu gutunganya amazi akoreshwa mu kongera kuyashyiramo amazi zishingiye ku gukuraho imyanda nka hydrocarbon zisigaye, ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera. Iyo ibi bice bidakuweho neza, hari ibyago byo kuziba imyenge y'ibigega cyangwa amariba y'ibigega, bigatera igihombo mu gutera amazi no kwangirika kw'ibigega. Urugero, gutwara amavuta cyangwa ibintu bikomeye bishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bw'amazi kandi bikagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere yo mu mazi. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyakoresha bugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika no kwangirika, bigatuma imikorere yayo ihora yizewe. Kugira ngo amazi abe meza buri gihe bisaba uburyo buhuriweho, buhuza gutandukanya amazi, kuyayungurura, no kuyakoresha mu buryo bwa chimique—buri kimwe giterwa n'ibitekerezo bihoraho bivuye ku bipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo.
Ni uruhe ruhare icyuma gipima ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter gikora mu bijyanye na PWRI no kuzura kw'amazi muri polymer?
Igipimo cy’ubucucike cya Lonnmeter cyagenewe by’umwihariko gutanga ibipimo nyabyo kandi by’igihe nyacyo by’ubucucike bw’amazi mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byo mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli, harimo na PWRI na polymer flooding reinfusion igezweho. Gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo hakoreshejwe Lonnmeter bifasha kugenzura neza uburyo polymer ikoreshwa, bikareba ko ibisubizo byasubiwemo biguma mu gihe cy’igenzura ryifuzwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo gusukura no kwangiza imiterere y’amazi. Gukurikirana ubucucike buri gihe bifasha abakora kugenzura ko amazi yakozwe yavuwe neza kandi nta myanda myinshi yanduye, bigabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika kw’amariba no kongera imikorere ya EOR muri rusange. Mu gutanga amakuru yizewe neza aho yatejwe, igipimo cy’ubucucike cya Lonnmeter gikora nk'igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo kwemeza ubuziranenge mu bikorwa byo kongera kugarura amavuta.
Gusubiza amazi mu musaruro bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umuvuduko w'irema?
Gusubiza amazi akozwe mu mazi bifasha kuringaniza ingano y'amazi akurwa mu gihe cyo gukora peteroli, bityo bigatuma umuvuduko w'amazi uhoraho uhagarara. Kugumana umuvuduko uhagije ni ingenzi kugira ngo amavuta acukurwe neza, kuko birinda gusenyuka kw'ikigega, bikagenzura umusaruro w'amazi cyangwa gaze udakenewe, kandi bigafasha gukomeza umuvuduko w'amazi mu gihe cyose cy'ubusitani. Urugero, kubungabunga umuvuduko mu buryo butari bwo bishobora gutuma ikigega gitakaza amazi cyangwa bikagabanya ibintu byo kugarura amazi. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo amazi acukurwe mu mazi bituma abayakoresha bashobora gukurikirana no kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'amazi ndetse n'umuvuduko w'amazi, bigashyigikira mu buryo butaziguye ubuziranenge n'umusaruro w'ikigega mu gihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 12-2025
